Gendex ORTHORALIX 9200 User manual

©2009 Gendex Dental Systems, 4519-190-71193 Rev 7
Printed on: 20 Apr 2012, 04:59:40 pm; Printed by: UWE.ZELLER

A-1
A
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
Introduction and technical data
A.1 Introduction......................................................................................... A-2
A.1.1 Panoramic radiography (PAN)...........................................................A-2
A.1.2 Cephalography (CEPH)............................................................................A-2
A.1.3 Tomographic projections (Transcan)..........................................A-2
A.1.4 Phosphor Plate Extension (PPE) ......................................................A-2
A.1.5 Automatic Exposure Control (A.E.C.)...........................................A-2
A.1.6 Motorised column .......................................................................................A-3
A.1.7 Real-time digital panoramic ...............................................................A-3
A.2 System versions................................................................................. A-4
A.3 System identication...................................................................... A-5
A.4 System components........................................................................ A-5
A.4.1 Column ..................................................................................................................A-5
A.4.2 Z-Carriage............................................................................................................A-5
A.4.3 Rotating unit ....................................................................................................A-5
A.4.4 Tubehead.............................................................................................................A-5
A.4.5 Patient head rest...........................................................................................A-5
A.4.6 Ceph arm ............................................................................................................A-5
A.4.7 Remote control box....................................................................................A-6
A.5 Technical data..................................................................................... A-6
A.5.1 Pre-installation ..............................................................................................A-6
A.5.1.1 Preparing the installation site...............................................A-6
A.5.1.2 Headroom...............................................................................................A-6
A.5.1.3 Floorspace ..............................................................................................A-6
A.5.1.4 X-ray protection.................................................................................A-6
A.5.2 Mechanical data ............................................................................................A-6
A.5.2.1 Driving system....................................................................................A-6
A.5.3 Electrical data...................................................................................................A-7
A.5.3.1 Mains requirements.......................................................................A-7
A.5.3.2 Mains voltage ......................................................................................A-7
A.5.3.3 Mains current.......................................................................................A-7
A.5.3.4 Mains frequency................................................................................A-7
A.5.3.5 Mains resistance................................................................................A-7
A.5.3.6 Electrical installation.....................................................................A-7
A.5.4 Performance data.........................................................................................A-8
A.5.4.1 Exposure geometry data (Pan mode)............................A-8
A.5.4.2 Exposure geometry data (Ceph mode)........................A-8
A.5.4.3 Image quality.......................................................................................A-8
A.5.4.4 X-ray tube................................................................................................A-8
A.5.4.5 Tubehead.................................................................................................A-8
A.5.4.6 X-ray eld dimensions .................................................................A-8
A.5.4.7 Power generation ............................................................................A-8
A.5.4.8 Tube voltage.........................................................................................A-9
A.5.4.9 Tube current .........................................................................................A-9
A.5.4.10 “Dead man” function....................................................................A-9
A.5.4.11 X-ray tube protection..................................................................A-9
A.5.4.12 Anatomical programs...................................................................A-9
A.5.4.13 Exposure time .....................................................................................A-9
A.5.4.14 Back-up timer ......................................................................................A-9
A.5.4.15 Exposure control........................................................................... A-10
A.5.4.16 Centering lights............................................................................. A-10
A.5.4.17 Screen lm sensibility selection ..................................... A-10
A.5.4.18 Service programs ......................................................................... A-10
A.5.4.19 Orthoralix 9200 CCD sensor ............................................... A-10
A.5.4.20 Laser projectors............................................................................. A-10
A.5.5 Dimensions and weights................................................................... A-11
A.5.6 IEC Classication........................................................................................ A-11
A.5.7 Applicable standards ............................................................................ A-11
A.5.8 Accessories and special tools......................................................... A-11
A.5.9 Film cassettes............................................................................................... A-11
A.5.10 Intensifying screens.............................................................................. A-12
A.5.11 Disposables.................................................................................................... A-12
A.5.12 Environmental data................................................................................ A-12
A.6 Dimensions ....................................................................................... A-13
A.7 Labels ................................................................................................... A-14
A.8 Cooling data ..................................................................................... A-16
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Table of contents
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
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Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.1 Introduction
The Gendex Orthoralix identifies a range of stand-alone dental
systems, designed for the following radiographic purposes:
A.1.1 Panoramic radiography (PAN)
Panoramic radiography (also known as orthopantomography -
OPTG) takes X-rays of the whole dento-maxillo-facial complex,
with the following characteristics:
tpanoramic: the entire dental and alveolar region including the
rami and the temporo-mandibular joints (TMJ), are depicted on
one radiograph.
torthogonal: the trajectory of the movement is designed to
keep the projection as orthogonal as possible to the object, in
order to minimize overlapping between structures.
ttomographic: only a limited layer around the plane in focus is
sharply depicted, while the surrounding structures are blurred
by the tomographic movement.
The layer thickness is maximum at the sides and minimum at
the centre.
The operator can select the following projections from the con-
trol panel:
t4UBOEBSEQBOPSBNJDQSPKFDUJPOt$IJMEQBOPSBNJDt%FOUJUJPOPOMZXJUIJNQSPWFECFBNPSUIPHPOBMJUZt3JHIUKBXt-FGUKBXt.BYJMMBSZTJOVTGSPOUBMWJFXt3JHIUNBYJMMBSZTJOVTMBUFSBMWJFXt-FGUNBYJMMBSZTJOVTMBUFSBMWJFXt5.+GSPOUBMWJFXt5.+MBUFSBMWJFXPOUIFDFOUSBMQBSUPGUIFGJMNt5.+MBUFSBMWJFXPOUIFFYUFSOBMQBSUPGUIFGJMN(For the Orthoralix 9200 DDE versions only one TMJ lateral projec-
tion is available).
A.1.2 Cephalography (CEPH)
This operation mode provides X-rays of the skull at large focus
film distance (FFD), under lateral or posterior-anterior projection.
The masticatory system of the skull is shown together with details
of the soft tissue profile from chin to tip of nose.
Special devices are provided to help position the patient and to
pre-set the geometry.
A.1.3 Tomographic projections (Transcan)
a) Orthoralix 9200 Plus
Eight tomographic projections are provided, each consisting of
3 views. They include:
- RR posterior layer width 3 mm
- RR posterior layer width 6 mm
- RR incisor layer width 3 mm
- RR incisor layer width 6 mm
- LL incisor layer width 6 mm
- LL incisor layer width 3 mm
- LL posterior layer width 6 mm
- LL posterior layer width 3 mm
b) Orthoralix 9200 DDE
Four scannographic projections are provided, each consisting of
3 views having a layer width of 8 mm. They include:
t33QPTUFSJPSt33BOUFSJPSt--QPTUFSJPSt--BOUFSJPS
A.1.4 Phosphor Plate Extension (PPE)
A special version called Phosphor Plate Extension (PPE) is available:
this consents to use a standard 24 x 30 cm cassette (as available
for computer imaging phosphor plate in medical X-ray) instead
of the current 15 x 30 cm panoramic cassette.
A.1.5 Automatic Exposure Control (A.E.C.)
The Automatic Exposure Control (A.E.C.) is based on the use of a
feedback closed loop control on the technique factors influenc-
ing the exposure in order to automatically compensate little
differences in patient absorption and obtain the proper optical
density on the image receptor. In particular the radiation intensity
is measured by an appropriate X-ray sensor during examination
and, depending from the kind of projection, the system modu-
late the kV or modify the exposure time (only in Ceph versions
without the digital sensor) in order to obtain the proper optical
density for the film.
The purpose is to automatically compensate little differences in
patient absorption around the three predefined patient profile
(small, medium, large) and have all the same consistent film
blackening in the region of interest, while exposing the patient
to the smallest level of radiation.
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
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In the following table is shown in which projections the A.E.C. is
enabled and in which ones not.
PROJECTION 9200 AEC/PLUS 9200 DDE
STANDARD PANORAMIC Enabled Enabled
CHILD Enabled Enabled
ORTH. DENTITION Enabled Enabled
EMI ORTHOGONAL RIGHT Disabled Disabled
EMI ORTHOGONAL LEFT Disabled Disabled
FRONTAL DENTITION Disabled Disabled
RIGHT JAW Enabled Disabled
LEFT JAW Enabled Disabled
FRONTAL SINUS Enabled Enabled
RIGHT LATERAL SINUS Enabled Disabled
LEFT LATERAL SINUS Enabled Disabled
FRONTAL TMJ Enabled Disabled
LAT. TMJ CENTRAL Enabled Enabled
LAT. TMJ EXTERNAL Enabled Enabled
RR/LL INCISOR Disabled Disabled
RR/LL POSTERIOR Disabled Disabled
CEPH LL Enabled Enabled
CEPH AP/PA Enabled Enabled
At the end of any projection executed with the A.E.C., on the
display is indicated the real kV value generated and the real
exposure time.
The operator can select the A.E.C. mode by actuating the dedi-
cated button on the operator panel; moreover, this function will
be enabled only when any patient size is selected.
A.1.6 Motorised column
Instead of the manual vertical movement of the Z-carriage onto
the column, is available a motorised column which allows auto-
matic vertical movement of the Z-carriage. A motor is mounted
in the top part of the column.
The operator will be able to move vertically the Z-carriage con-
trolling this motor by:
tUXPVQEPXOQVTICVUUPOTMPDBUFEPOUIFPQFSBUPSQBOFMtPOFQVTICVUUPOPOUIF$FQIBSNThe operator must continue to push the buttons to maintain in
movement the Z-carriage.
The buttons control the motor in the following way:
tPOFTIPUTIPSUQSFTTVSFNTFDPGUIFCVUUPOTXJMMDBVTF1 mm movement
tQSPMPOHFEQSFTTVSFPGUIFCVUUPOTXJMMDBVTF- slow movement (3 mm/s), during the first 2 s; on release, a
decelerating ramp is activated (time from Vmax to 0 is 300mS)
- fast movement (20 mm/s), after 2 s.
The vertical movement is stopped by two end run optoswitches
(upper and lower), placed on the front part of the column.
Do not move the Z-carriage along the column
when the system is off:doing so it could damage
the PC6 board.
A.1.7 Real-time digital panoramic
The Orthoralix 9200 DDE is a version of the Orthoralix 9200 fa-
mily providing real-time digital image acquisition using a digital
CCD sensor interconnected to a personal computer using an
Ethernet connection.
The Orthoralix 9200 DDE operates in all the enabled projec-
tions, including the cephalometric projections in the versions
with the ceph arm.
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A.2 System versions
The Gendex Orthoralix system is available in different versions,
identified as follows:
TYPE DESCRIPTION
5105 0012DE Orthoralix 9200 Plus (D)
5105 0012US Orthoralix 9200 Plus (USA)
5105 0012WW Orthoralix 9200 Plus
5105 0022DE Orthoralix 9200 Plus Ceph (D)
5105 0022US Orthoralix 9200 Plus Ceph (USA)
5105 0022WW Orthoralix 9200 Plus Ceph
5105 0032DE Orthoralix 9200 (D)
5105 0032US Orthoralix 9200 (USA)
5105 0032WW Orthoralix 9200
5105 0042DE Orthoralix 9200 Ceph (D)
5105 0042US Orthoralix 9200 Ceph (USA)
5105 0042WW Orthoralix 9200 Ceph
5105 0052DE Orthoralix 9200 Plus - PPE (D)
5105 0052WW Orthoralix 9200 Plus - PPE
5105 0062DE Orthoralix 9200 Plus Ceph - PPE (D)
5105 0062WW Orthoralix 9200 Plus Ceph- PPE
5105 0072DE Orthoralix 9200 - PPE(D)
5105 0072WW Orthoralix 9200 - PPE
5105 0082DE Orthoralix 9200 Ceph - PPE(D)
5105 0082WW Orthoralix 9200 Ceph - PPE
5101 0092WW Orthoralix 9200 AEC
5101 0102WW Orthoralix 9200 AEC Ceph
5105 01051US Orthoralix 9200 DDE (USA)
5105 01061US Orthoralix 9200 DDE Plus (USA)
5105 0151WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE
5105 0161WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE Plus
5105 0171WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE Ceph
5105 0181WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE Plus Ceph
5105 0221US Orthoralix 9200 DDE (USA - with ceph sensor)
5105 0221WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE (ROW - with ceph sensor)
5105 0231US Orthoralix 9200 DDE Plus (USA - with ceph sensor)
5105 0231WW Orthoralix 9200 DDE Plus (ROW - with ceph sensor)
5105 0241WW Orthoralix 9200 DMF
5105 0251WW Orthoralix 9200 DMF Ceph
5105 0261WW Orthoralix 9200 DMF AEC
5105 0271WW Orthoralix 9200 DMF AEC Ceph
The different versions are composed of the following items:
TYPE DESCRIPTION
9869 104 00602 Ceph Arm OO9200
9869 104 00702 Ceph Arm OO9200 (USA)
9869 104 01401 Ceph Arm OO9200 Plus
9869 104 01501 Ceph Arm OO9200 Plus (USA)
9869 104 02301 Ceph Arm OO9200 DDE
9869 104 02401 Ceph Arm OO9200 DDE with sensor
9869 401 00102 Z-carriage 9200 Plus
9869 401 00202 Z-carriage 9200
9869 401 00302 Z-carriage 9200 Plus - PPE
9869 401 00402 Z-carriage 9200 - PPE
9869 401 00702 Z-carriage 9200 Plus (D)
9869 401 00802 Z-carriage 9200 (D)
9869 401 00902 Z-carriage 9200 Plus - PPE (D)
9869 401 01002 Z-carriage 9200 - PPE (D)
9869 401 01801 Z-carriage 9200 DMF
9869 401 01901 Z-carriage 9200 DMF AEC
9869 401 02002 Z-carriage 9200 AEC (ROW)
9869 401 02102 Z-carriage 9200 AEC (D)
9869 401 02302 Z-carriage 9200 AEC (USA)
9869 401 02401 Z-carriage 9200 DDE
9869 401 02501 Z-carriage 9200 DDE Plus
9869 401 02601 Z-carriage 9200 DDE (ceph sensor)
9869 401 02701 Z-carriage 9200 DDE Plus (ceph sensor)
9869 401 02801 Z-carriage 9200 DDE DMF
9869 401 02901 Z-carriage 9200 DDE DMF(ceph sensor)
9869 401 01101 Motorized Column OO9200
9869 401 01201 Motorized Column OO9200 (USA)
9869 401 01501 Motorized Column OO9200 DDE
9869 401 01601 Motorized Column OO9200 DDE (USA)
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A.3 System identification
For system identification please refer to the technical label at A-14.
A.4 System components
A.4.1 Column
The column is fixed to the wall with four bolts at the top and two
at the bottom.
It includes the counterweights required to balance the Z-carriage.
the Z-carriage is suspended by two steel cables with a balance
mechanism, ensuring a security lock in case one of the steel
cables breaks.
A sliding block on the front, to which the Z-carriage is bolted,
moves vertically along the column.
On the front of the column is the mains power box, to which the
mains power cable is connected.
A.4.2 Z-Carriage
The Z-carriage slides along the column to adjust to the height
of the patient.
Movement is motorized driven manually by push buttons on the
operator panel.
On the right there is the operator control panel, consisting of
a flat membrane keyboard with alphanumerical display and
indicator LEDs.
The internal mounting frame houses an electronic board that
controls the operator interface and the various motor movements.
The kinematic assembly allows for composite movements on the
X/Y plane by independent displacement of the X,Y blocks along
bearings, controlled by gear motors.
Another gear motor is located on the top frame, controlling the
rotational movement of the rotating unit.
A handgrip, bite block (or chin rest), and optical centering devices
provided on the Z-carriage help to position the patient during
exposures.
The bite block and chin rest are exchangeable.
On the right there is an attachment for mounting the Ceph arm.
A.4.3 Rotating unit
The rotating unit is suspended from the Z-carriage.
It carries:
a) the tubehead
b) the cassette drive system with the relevant gear motor
c) the panoramic digital sensor (DDE versions only).
The tubehead is connected by a flange, which can be manually
rotated for changeover from Pan mode to Ceph mode (not ap-
plicable for the DDE versions).
The power converter board, which supplies the high voltage and
filament supply for the tubehead, is located on top of the rotating
unit, on the tubehead side.
A.4.4 Tubehead
The tubehead contains the high voltage transformer and the
filament
transformer with the X-ray tube.
Thanks to the high frequency operation the tubehead features
are reduced in weight and size.
On the X-ray output window the X-ray collimator is mounted ; it
is slit type for Pan, TMJ and transversal scannographic exposures
and can be manually switched to a full size opening in case of
Ceph exposures.
A.4.5 Patient head rest
The patient head rest is attached to the Z-carriage.
It is motorized and controlled by a pair of pushbuttons on the
front operator panel.
A.4.6 Ceph arm
The Ceph arm is bolted to the right side of the Z-carriage, and
comprises the cephalostat with cassette support.
In the DDE versions it includes:
a) the cephalostat
b) the ceph CCD digital sensor
c) the secondary collimator
e) the gear motor and related drive system to move the ceph
CCD digital sensor and the secondary collimator.
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
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A.4.7 Remote control box
The remote control box with exposure handswitch enables the
operator to take an X-ray in a separate room.
It is equipped with a 20m cable for connection to the equipment,
and incorporates an “X-ray ON” buzzer and indicator light.
A cable inlet is available on the bottom plate of the column.
There is a socket for connecting the handswitch coiled cable (1 m
long) and a hook for hanging the same handswitch.
In order to comply with Federal regulations this remote box
must be installed so the technique factors are visible to the
operator from the remote location.
A.5 Technical data
A.5.1 Pre-installation
A.5.1.1 Preparing the installation site
Orthoralix 9200 is to be mounted on a normal masonry wall.
It takes three men to attach the column to the wall and to mount
the Z-carriage to the column.
The remaining installation work can be done by one engineer,
following the instructions given in section B of this manual.
Only the standard toolset is required.
Any special devices required for set up and adjustment are sup-
plied as accessories with the unit.
The system is designed to be fixed to the wall by means of six bolts.
For this purpose screws M6 with metal expansors are suggested
(supplied); they are only suitable for use with concrete walls type
R300 and over (resistance to compressive load greater than 300
kg/cm2).
For other wall types, please refer to the detailed instructions
given in section B.
Irregularities in the floor level, within a 2mm/m tolerance, can
be compensated at installation time by means of levelling shims
(supplied with the unit).
A.5.1.2 Headroom
The system height is 2310 mm high.
A minimum headroom of 2340 mm is required to install it.
To dismount the internal parts of the column, such as the slide
block with ball bearings, a minimum headroom of 2650 mm is
required.
A.5.1.3 Floorspace
For the system dimensions applicable to the different versions
refer to A-13.
A.5.1.4 X-ray protection
The machine is intended for (indoor) dental practice without
special X-ray protection in walls, floors and ceilings.
X-ray protection comes from the distance to be kept from the
unit, proper X-ray beam collimation and inherent shielding imple-
mented in the machine.
Primary X-ray beams are shielded by a lead plate, located at the
rear of the cassette unit (thickness: 1.5 mm in Pan and Transcan
mode, 1 mm in Ceph mode).
In the DDE versions, the X-ray beams are shielded by the sensor
assembly, introducing a filtration equivalent to 1.5 mm of lead.
A.5.2 Mechanical data
The system is light-weight thanks to the manufacturing technol-
ogy of the high tension transformer, which in turn allows more
compact mechanical dimensioning of the rotary unit and the
column.
A.5.2.1 Driving system
The Orthoralix system provides a microprocessor-controlled mo-
tor driving system, with use of stepping motors, for independent
control of four separate movements:
t9QPTJUJPOJOHPGSPUBUJPODFOUSFt:QPTJUJPOJOHPGSPUBUJPODFOUSFtSPUBUJPOPGSPUBUJOHBSNtMJOFBSUSBOTMBUJPOPGGJMNDBTTFUUFtMJOFBSUSBOTMBUJPOPGEJHJUBM$$%TFOTPSBOETFDPOEBSZDPMMJNBUPS(ceph DDE versions only).
In addition, the patient head rest and the column are also motor-
ized.
Drive transmission is by means of tension belts.
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A.5.3 Electrical data
A.5.3.1 Mains requirements
The equipment must be permanently connected to the mains.
It requires a single (or double) phase mains supply with line and
neutral, 50 or 60 Hz.
Check the correct phase-neutral polarity connec-
tion at the time of installation if single phase mains
supply is available.
There is a mains connection box at the base of the column where
the power cable (not provided) has to be connected at installa-
tion time.
Mains fuses are provided on each phase. In case of single phase,
the fuse on the neutral is excluded by a jumper.
A.5.3.2 Mains voltage
The nominal mains voltage range is from 115 VAC to 250 VAC with
a tolerance of ± 10%.
The system adapts automatically to the mains voltage applied by
means of the internal electronic circuit.
The useful range is conveniently adjusted during X-ray exposure,
to take into account the mains fall during load.
A.5.3.3 Mains current
The relevant mains currents are:
VOLTAGE STAND-BY CURRENT EXPOSURE MAINS FUSE
115 VAC 1 A MAX 20 A MAX 15A F 250V
230 VAC 0.5 A MAX 10 A MAX 10A F 250V
250 VAC 0.5 A MAX 10 A MAX 10A F 250V
A.5.3.4 Mains frequency
The mains frequency required is 50 or 60 Hz, with excursion within
the 48 to 62 Hz acceptable range.
The unit adapts to the local mains frequency, without any need
for programming.
A.5.3.5 Mains resistance
The mains supply resistance, as measured at the line input con-
nector, shall not exceed the following ranges:
VOLTAGE (VAC) LINE RESISTENCE (OHM)
115 0.2 MAX
250 1.0 MAX
A.5.3.6 Electrical installation
The mains supply cord has to be provided and installed locally,
with termination to the electrical connecting box provided on
the front of the column.
The circuitry in the electrical connecting box is
always live: before access to it, disconnect from
the mains by means of the external mains circuit
breaker.
The length and size of the mains supply cord have to be properly
dimensioned in order not to exceed the limits foreseen on mains
supply resistance.
Recommended wire size is AWG 14.
You are recommended to supply the mains to the Orthoralix via
a dedicated magneto/thermal circuit breaker of 16 A max (with
NBJOTTVQQMZ7"$PS"NBYXJUINBJOTTVQQMZ7"$plus (depending on local regulations) an earth leakage circuit
breaker with recommended leakage current of 30 mA.
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A.5.4 Performance data
A.5.4.1 Exposure geometry data (Pan mode)
Distance from focal spot to mechanical rotational centre: 350 mm
Distance from focal spot to film: 505 mm
Distance from focal spot to secondary slit: 497 mm
Inclination of central X-ray with respect to horizontal: 5
Occlusal plane height adjustment: 1000 - 1800 mm
Distance from focal spot to primary collimator: 94 mm
A.5.4.2 Exposure geometry data (Ceph mode)
Distance from focal spot to film: 1500 mm
Distance from focal spot to centre of cephalostat: 1350 mm
Height adjustment of ear center plane with respect to floor:
1000-1800 mm
Distance from secondary collimator to digital sensor: 375 mm
(DDE versions only)
A.5.4.3 Image quality
Maximum resolution (at the centre of the focal through) in stan-
dard panoramic mode and using the recommended film-screen
combination (Kodak Lanex Medium - Kodak T-MAT-G or equiva-
lent) approximately 2.2 lp/mm.
PROJECTION MAGNIFICATION FACTOR
Standard, Dentition only 1.25
Child 1.25
TMJ lateral view 1.25
TMJ frontal view 1.64
Maxillary sinus, frontal view 1.25
Right/left maxillary sinus, lateral view 1.25
Right/left jaw 1.25
Transcan 1.4
Transcan DDE 1.33
Ceph (all projections) 1.1
Frontal dentition 1.25
Half orthogonal right/left 1.25
PROJECTION
DEVIATION FROM ORTHOGONALITY
(referred to standard jaw, in the premolar
region)
Standard 24° max
Dentition only 12° max
Ceph 2° max
Ceph DDE versions 6.5° max
A.5.4.4 X-ray tube
Tube type: GX 100-20 DC
Focal spot size: 0.5 (IEC 336/1993)
Anode angle: 5°
Anode material: Tungsten in copper body
Rated peak tube potential: 100kVp
Anode heat storage: 25 kHU
Max anode heat
dissipation rate: 12 kHU/min
For the cooling data see page A-15.
A.5.4.5 Tubehead
Weight: 10 kg. (4,1/2 lbs)
Duty cycle: 1/20, one exposure per 4 min, at full
power operation.
Leakage radiation: less than 250 µGy/h (28 mR/h) at
1 m from focal spot in any direc-
tion.
Inherent filtration: 2.5 mm Al equivalent (minimum).
Reference current
time product: 1.12 mAs at 84 kV.
Current time product: 0.48 mAs at 60 kV.
A.5.4.6 X-ray field dimensions
Please refer to the Operator’s Manual.
A.5.4.7 Power generation
High tension and filament power generation is performed by
means of solid state medium frequency converter technology
(25 kHz).
All electronic parts are included in a single board.
The converter provides automatic stabilization with respect to
mains fluctuations.
In addition it is protected against the following:
t.BJOTUSBOTJFOUTt0VUQVUTIPSUDJSDVJUDBCMJOHUVCFGMBTIPWFSFUDUISPVHIDVS-
rent limitation to max. 11A.
t0QFOGJMBNFOUDJSDVJUt0QFOL7GFFECBDLTJHOBMt0QFON"GFFECBDLTJHOBMt0WFSIFBUJOHPGQPXFSFMFDUSPOJDT¡$(04.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-9
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.5.4.8 Tube voltage
The kV range is 60-84 kV, with steps of 2 kV.
For legal / homologation requirements, in certain countries
the kV range can be restricted to:
max kV value = 80
via internal firmware configuration (see Section F of this
Service Manual, Service Programs paragraph).
The high tension converter includes the following chain of com-
ponents: rectifier, filter, regulating chopper, inverter, high tension
transformer.
The chopper unit operates at high frequency with the PWM prin-
ciple, providing modulation of the DC supply to the inverter unit,
depending on the kV selected by the operator.
The high tension transformer is driven by the impressed current
inverter, operating at high freqeuncy with fixed duty factor.
The high voltage is monitored by means of a voltage divider built
into the high tension transformer, which provides direct feedback
to the control loop circuit of the converter.
For measurement and accuracy details please refer to section D.
A.5.4.9 Tube current
The mA range is 3-15 mA, with steps of 1 mA.
For legal / homologation requirements, in certain countries
the mA range can be restricted to:
from 4 to 14
via internal firmware configuration (see Section F of this
Service Manual, Service Programs paragraph).
The power to the filament is controlled by a separate impressed
voltage inverter, operating at high frequency with variable am-
plitude and fixed duty factor.
The filament is continuously preheated when the equipment
is switched on, and additionally heated-up for 0.8 s before the
exposure is initiated.
For details about measurement and accuracies refer to section D.
A.5.4.10 “Dead man” function
The exposure handswitch operates in “dead man” function, stop-
ping exposure and movements as soon as the X-ray pushbutton
is released.
A.5.4.11 X-ray tube protection
A heat storage calculator continuously checks the thermal state
of the anode, inhibiting X-ray exposure when the maximum
tube load is exceeded. The maximum duty factor is 1:20, giving
a maximum wait time of 4 minutes.
A.5.4.12 Anatomical programs
Both for Pan and Ceph operation modes several sets of pre-pro-
grammed exposure factors are available, selected by patient size
and projection mode keys, and by the film/screen speed setting:
please refer to the Operator’s Manual for further information.
A.5.4.13 Exposure time
The exposure time is controlled by the microprocessor.
For the applicable exposure times refer to the table below:
PROJECTION EXPOSURE TIME (SEC)
Standard 12
Dentition only 9.6
Child 11
Right jaw 8
Left jaw 8
Maxillary sinus, frontal view 6.2
Frontal dentition 6.4
Half orthogonal right/left 6
Right maxillary sinus, lateral view 2.5
Left maxillary sinus, lateral view 2.5
TMJ lateral view, central 8
TMJ lateral view, external 8
TMJ frontal view 6
Transcan 4.6
Transcan DDE 5.2
Ceph (selectable)
0.16 - 0.20 - 0.25 - 0.32 -
0.40 - 0.50 - 0.63 - 0.80 -1.00 -
1.25 - 1.60 - 2.00 -2.50
Ceph DDE:
LL max / AP max / PA max / LL H 8
Ceph DDE
AP V / PA V / LL V: 6
For measurement and accuracy details please refer to section D.
A.5.4.14 Back-up timer
If the supply to the tubehead is not switched off by the main timer
after completion of the preset exposure time, a back-up timer will
terminate the X-rays.
The back-up timer operates after the selected exposure time
plus 20%.
The back-up timer circuit is independent from the main timer
circuit and is on the converter board PQ1.
Whenever the back-up timer intervenes, a diagnostic message
“BACK UP TIMER” is displayed.
(06.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-10
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.5.4.15 Exposure control
There is a single step exposure handswitch which commands the
rotation start (Pan modes only) and the X-ray exposure.
A remote control box is available, to enable remote exposure
command.
It includes a 20 m long cable provided with plug connector, for
connection to the Z-carriage.
The handswitch plugs into the Z-carriage, or into the remote
control box, via a flexible cord, 3 m long.
When not hand held, it is hung to a suitable hook of the Z-carriage,
or at the remote control box.
A.5.4.16 Centering lights
The equipment is provided with three centering lights, generated
by laser projectors:
1. the first is for the horizontal alignment at the Frankfurt plane
and is projected on to the patient’s face through the semi-
transparent frontal mirror
2. the second, a mid-sagittal vertical light, detects lateral dis-
placement and inclination of the patient’s head and is pro-
jected on to the patient’s face through the semi-transparent
frontal mirror
3. the third is for the longitudinal alignment at the tip of the
cuspids, and is projected on to the patient’s face from the
lamp projector on the Pan cassette carriage.
The position of laser sources are emphasised by
mean of a warning label. Although compliant to the
safety rules, it is a good practice for the operator to
avoid to expose his eyes and patient’s eyes directly
to the laser beam.
A.5.4.17 Screen film sensibility selection
The operator can select the sensibility corresponding to the
screen/film combination used by changing the default speed
value (250 for the Kodak Lanex Medium - Kodak T-MAT-G or
equivalent) via a software procedure.
Depending on the above selection the system will automatically
adjust the mA value used during the X-ray exposure.
Please refer to the Operator’s Manual for the different screen/
film combinations that can be used and for more details about
the software procedure.
This is not applicable for the Orthoralix versions having the digital
sensor.
A.5.4.18 Service programs
The Orthoralix system incorporates diagnostic service software
programs, which can be run either by the operator for a routine
check of the machine before use, or by the service engineer
for assessing system operation before starting any corrective
maintenance.
The service program procedure is started up by pushing together
the DUMMY RUN and PATIENT SIZE keys when switching on the
machine: the keys must be kept pressed till the message WAIT
disappears on the display.
The service programs consist of several selective tests, each one
independent from the others.
The main tests allowed are as follows:
tTFMFDUJWFUFTUPG9:3BOE$NPWFNFOUTtUVCFDBMJCSBUJPOtGSFFFYQPTVSFtLFZCPBSEUFTUt9SBZBMJHONFOUGPS%%&WFSTJPOTPOMZRefer to Section F of this manual for more details about the service
programs.
A.5.4.19 Orthoralix 9200 CCD sensor
Sensor active area: 147 X 6 mm Pan 220 X 6 mm Ceph
Sensor pixel size: 0.096 mm
Image size: full panoramic 1536 x 2725 pixels
full ceph 2304 x 2529 pixels
Cable length: 25 m from Or thoralix system
to the LAN plug
Resolution: 4 lp/mm
A.5.4.20 Laser projectors
Class: 2, according to IEC 60825-1 (2001-8)
Wavelength: 650 nm
Beam divergence
GPSDPMMJNBUFECFBNNSEPulse duration: 30 s
.BYJNVNPVUQVUN8(03.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-11
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.5.5 Dimensions and weights
The equipment is packed in three wooden crates containing all
parts and accessories.
a) for Orthoralix 9200/Plus/Ceph
Crate (1) Column and counterweights:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 2350 x 300 x 550
PACKING WEIGHT 163 Kg
NET WEIGHT 121 K
Crate (2) Z-carriage, Tubehead and covers:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 1050 x 700 x 900
PACKING WEIGHT 130 Kg
NET WEIGHT 74 K
Crate (3) Ceph arm:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 1350 x 600 x 600
PACKING WEIGHT 55 Kg
NET WEIGHT 20 K
For the system dimensions see A-13.
b) for Orthoralix DDE/Ceph
Crate (1) Column and counterweights:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 2350 x 300 x 550
PACKING WEIGHT 163 Kg
NET WEIGHT 121 Kg
Crate (2) Z-carriage, Tubehead and covers:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 1050 x 700 x 900
PACKING WEIGHT 130 Kg
NET WEIGHT 74 K
Crate (3) Ceph arm:
PACKING DIMENSIONS 1200 x 700 x 740
PACKING WEIGHT 64 Kg
NET WEIGHT 22 K
For the system dimensions see A-13.
A.5.6 IEC Classification
t$MBTT*t5ZQF#t0SEJOBSZFRVJQNFOUFODMPTFEFRVJQNFOUXJUIPVUQSPUFDUJPOagainst ingress of liquids)
t&RVJQNFOUGPSVTFJOFOWJSPONFOUTXIFSFOPGMBNNBCMFBO-
aesthetics and/or flammable cleaning agents are present.
t&RVJQNFOUGPSDPOUJOVPTPQFSBUJPOXJUIJOUFSNJUUFOUMPBEJOH
A.5.7 Applicable standards
For a list of the applicable National and International Standards,
please refer to the Operator’s Manual.
A.5.8 Accessories and special tools
The following accessories and tools are delivered with the system
(one piece each):
t$IJOSFTUDPEFt#JUFCMPDLDPEFt*NBHFRVBMJUZQIBOUPNDPEFt$IJOSFTUGPS5.+DPEFt,JUUFNQMBUFGPSUSBOTDBOTFF2MJTUGPSDPEFTwhile the following are available on request from the Service
department:
t-JHIUCFBNQIBOUPNDPEF
A.5.9 Film cassettes
Film cassettes available:
TYPE NUMBER APPLICATION DIMENSIONS
9868 820 00349 Pan exposures 15 X 30 cm
9868 820 09039 Ceph 18 x 24 cm
9868 820 09249 Ceph “8”x10”
The cassette slot for Ceph projection can also accomodate 24 x
30 cm cassettes (not supplied).
(03.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-12
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.5.10 Intensifying screens
The available intensifying screens are:
TYPE NUMBER APPLICATION DIMENSIONS
9869 007 10501 Pan
set of 2 screens 15x30
cm, green emitting,rare
earth, type Kodak Lanex
Medium
9869 007 10001 Ceph
set of 2 screens 18x24 cm,
green emitting, rare earth,
type Kodak Lanex Regular
9869 007 10601 Ceph
set of 2 screens 8”x10”,
green emitting, rare earth,
type Kodak Lanex Regular
9868 825 92349 Pan
set of 2 screens 15x30 cm,
green emitting,rare earth,
type Kodak Lanex Regular
Refer to the Operator’s Manual for information on preferred screen
film combinations.
A.5.11 Disposables
The available disposables are:
CODE NUMBER DESCRIPTION
4519 129 03601 set of 100 pcs hygienic bags for
bite block
4519 128 20952 set of 280 pcs hygienic bagsfor
ear plugs (only for Ceph)
A.5.12 Environmental data
The Orthoralix system complies with the following environmental
classifications:
tJOEPPSVTFVOEFSDPOEJUJPOTOPSNBMMZGPVOEJOUIFBUSFBOEemergency rooms.
tMPDBUJPOTDPOTUSVDUJPOTBOEJOUFOEFEVTFXJUIMPXWJCSBUJPOshock levels.
tNBJOTTVQQMZDPOEJUJPOTAmbient temperature
operating: +10° to +40° C (9200)
+10° to +35° C (9200 DDE)
storage: -40° to +70° C (9200)
-20° to +70° C (9200 DDE)
Pressure
operating: 700 hPa to 1060 hPa
storage: 500 hPa to 1060 hPa
Relative humidity
operating: 30%-90% (9200)
30%-90% (9200 DDE)
storage: 10%-100% (9200)
10%-100% (9200 DDE)
(03.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-13
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.6 Dimensions
0
(03.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-14
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.7 Labels
(04.0)E
LASER RA DIATION
DO NOT STARE IN TO BEAM
C A U T I O N
Complies w ith FDA perfo rmance stan dards for
laser prod ucts excep t for devia tions purs uant
to Laser No tice No. 50, d ated June 2 4, 2007
Wavelength: 650nm, out put Power ≤1mW
CLASS II LASER PRODUCT
A
B
C
D
I
H
G
E
F
CERTIFICATION
Product complies with radiation
performance standards under the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Dental Systems
Des Plaines, IL USA
SN:
0086
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRICAL SHOCK
FIRE AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS ONLY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH IEC 60601-1
Product complies with
radiation performance
standards under the
Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, and meets
requirements of IEC 60601-1.
CERTIFICATION
0086
CLASS 1
TYPE B
16VL
Gendex Dental Systems, Des Plaines, IL USA
Manufacture r and responsible (93 /42/EEC )
Dental Systems - Des Plaines, IL U SA
INPUT VOLTAGE
REQUIREMENTS
50 - 60Hz
LONG TERM RATING
MAX. MOMENTARY RATING
115V - 250V
1A - 0.5A
15A - 10A
Type: ORTHORALIX 9200
REF:
SN:
Dental System s
Des Plaines, IL USA
REF:
SN:
Manufacturer an d re spo nsible (93/42/EEC)
DMU UNIT
ATTENTION RAYONS - X
OPERATION SEULEMENT PAR DU
PERSONNEL AUTORISE. VOIR MANUEL DE
L’OPERATEUR.
CAUTION X-RAYS
TO BE OPERATED ONLY BY AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL. SEE OPERATOR’S
INSTRUCTIONS.
WARNING THIS X-RAY UNIT MAY BE
DANGEROUS TO PATIENT AND OPERATOR
UNLESS SAFE EXPOSURE FACTORS AND
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ARE OBSERVED.
CERTIFICATION
performance standards und er
the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act.
Product complies with radiation
Dental Systems
Des Pla ines, IL USA
REF:
SN:
DUPLICATE LABEL
FOR FDA/CDRH.
ORIGINAL LABEL
BEHIND THIS COVER
CERTIFICATION
performa nce standards u nder the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Product comp lies with rad iation
Dental Systems
Des Plaines, IL USA
REF:
SN:
D
G
A
B
I
A
C
I
H
E
F
ORTHORALIX 9200 DDE
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-15
(03.0)EGendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
LASER RA DIATION
DO NOT STARE IN TO BEAM
C A U T I O N
Complies w ith FDA perfo rmance stan dards for
laser prod ucts excep t for devia tions purs uant
to Laser Not ice No. 50, da ted June 24, 2 007
Wavelength: 6 50nm, outp ut Power ≤1mW
CLASS II LASER PRODUCT
A
B
C
D
H
G
E
F
CERTIFICATION
Product complies with radiation
performance standards under the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Dental Systems
Des Plaines, IL USA
SN:
0086
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRICAL SHOCK
FIRE AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS ONLY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH IEC 60601-1
Product complies with
radiation performance
standards under the
Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, and meets
requirements of IEC 60601-1.
CERTIFICATION
0086
CLASS 1
TYPE B
16VL
Gendex Dental Systems, Des Plaines, IL USA
Manufacture r and responsible (93 /42/EEC )
Dental Systems - Des Plaines, IL U SA
INPUT VOLTAGE
REQUIREMENTS
50 - 60Hz
LONG TERM RATING
MAX. MOMENTARY RATING
115V - 250V
1A - 0.5A
15A - 10A
Type: ORTHORALIX 9200
REF:
SN:
ATTENTION RAYONS - X
OPERATION SEULEMENT PAR DU
PERSONNEL AUTORISE. VOIR MANUEL DE
L’OPERATEUR.
CAUTION X-RAYS
TO BE OPERATED ONLY BY AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL. SEE OPERATOR’S
INSTRUCTIONS.
WARNING THIS X-RAY UNIT MAY BE
DANGEROUS TO PATIENT AND OPERATOR
UNLESS SAFE EXPOSURE FACTORS AND
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ARE OBSERVED.
CERTIFICATION
performance standards und er
the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act.
Product complies with radiation
Dental Systems
Des Pla ines, IL USA
REF:
SN:
DUPLICATE LABEL
FOR FDA/CDRH.
ORIGINAL LABEL
BEHIND THIS COVER
CERTIFICATION
performa nce standards u nder the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Product comp lies with rad iation
Dental Systems
Des Plaines, IL USA
REF:
SN:
D
G
A
B
A
C
H
E
F
ORTHORALIX 9200
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
A-16
(03.0)EGendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
A.8 Cooling data
(03.0)E
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B-1
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
Installation
B
Table of contents
B.1 Introduction ....................................................................B-2
B.2 Installation tools ..............................................................B-2
B.3 Supply...............................................................................B-2
B.3.1 Parts not supplied ....................................................................B-2
B.4 Planning information ......................................................B-2
B.4.1 Headroom ...................................................................................B-2
B.4.2 Space required...........................................................................B-2
B.4.3 Room preparation....................................................................B-2
B.4.4 Electrical pre-installation.......................................................B-3
B.4.5 X-Ray protection .......................................................................B-3
B.5 Mechanical installation ...................................................B-4
B.5.1 Unpacking...................................................................................B-4
B.5.2 Installing the column on the wall.......................................B-5
B.5.3 Installing the z-carriage on to the column......................B-8
B.5.4 Installing the ceph arm ....................................................... B-10
B.5.4.1 Procedure for Orthoralix 9200................................. B-10
B.5.4.2 Procedure for Orthoralix 9200 DDE....................... B-11
B.5.5 Mounting the front panel with mirror........................... B-12
B.5.6 Mains voltage programming............................................. B-13
B.5.7 Connection to the mains.................................................... B-13
B.5.8 Checking mains polarity..................................................... B-14
B.5.9 Installing the remote control box.................................... B-15
B.5.10 Mounting the z-carriage covers....................................... B-16
B.5.11 Creating a network connection for the Orthoralix 9200...
B-17
B.5.11.1 Orthoralix 9200 DDE/Ceph....................................... B-17
B.5.12 Mounting the column covers and the quick reference
guide.......................................................................................... B-19
B.5.13 Installing the ceph formats................................................ B-20
B.5.13.1 Orthoralix 9200/Plus/Ceph....................................... B-20
B.5.13.2 Orthoralix 9200 DDE/Ceph....................................... B-21
B.5.14 Installing the soft tissues lter.......................................... B-22
B.6 Upgrades ........................................................................B-23
B.6.1 Field upgrading to the ceph version ............................. B-23
B.6.2 Field upgrading to the transcan version....................... B-23
B.6.3 Field upgrading to the dmf version................................ B-23
B.6.4 Field upgrading to the“plus”version ............................. B-24
B.7 Options ...........................................................................B-24
B.7.1 External lights connection ................................................. B-24
B.8 Column wall xation......................................................B-27
B.9 Check list.........................................................................B-28
ColumnB-28
Z-Carriage................................................................................................. B-28
Ceph arm .................................................................................................. B-28
B.10 Grounding Connection..................................................B-29
(03.0)E
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ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
B-2
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
B.1 Introduction
This section provides details about the installation of the Ortho-
ralix Panoramic and CEPH systems.
Most installation work can be performed by one man.
Three men are momentarily needed for raising and positioning
the column, and for mounting the Z-carriage on to the column.
B.2 Installation tools
The standard service toolkit is required.
B.3 Supply
The systems supplied are composed of the following main parts:
tDPMVNOt;DBSSJBHFXJUISPUBUJOHVOJUBOEUVCFIFBEt$&1)BSNXJUIDFQIBMPTUBUXIFOBQQMJDBCMFPlease refer to page B-32 for a list of the included items.
B.3.1 Parts not supplied
t.BJOTDBCMFUXPQPMFTXJUIHSPVOESFDPNNFOEFEXJSFTJ[FAWG 14 - 2,11 mm2).
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B.4 Planning information
The information given below is intended for the service staff or
building contractor involved in preparing the installation site.
B.4.1 Headroom
The system height is 2310 mm.
To install the system, a minimum headroom of 2350 mm is re-
quired.
To conveniently dismount the internal column parts, such as the
sliding block and ball bearings, a minimum headroom of 2650
mm is required.
(03.0)E
B.4.2 Space required
For the dimensions of the various system versions see A-13.
B.4.3 Room preparation
The system is designed to be fixed to the wall by means of six bolts.
The maximum load applied to the wall is 25 kg, distributed over
the top four attachment points.
Considering a safety factor of eight, each of the four attachment
points has to be able to support pull and thrust loads of up to
50 kg.
For this purpose M6 screws with metal expansors are suggested
(supplied); they are only suitable for use with concrete walls
type R300 and over (resistance to compressive load higher than
300 kg/cm²).
It is the installation engineer’s responsibility to
choose the proper attachment hardware accord-
ing to the type of wall on which the column is to
be mounted.
Insufficient wall or hardware strength may cause
the wall-mounted column to detach itself from the
wall and fall, with the risk of causing serious injury
to the patient or operator.
For other strong types of wall (concrete with R not known, solid
brick) we recommend using the “through the wall” method of
attachment as shown in the fig. below, which uses a steel counter
plate (2mm thick), of the same size as the column wall attachment,
fixed with screws or stay bolts, ensuring a tightening torque on
the bolts of 10 N/m.
Printed on: 20 Apr 2012, 04:59:40 pm; Printed by: UWE.ZELLER

ORTHORALIX 9200 Service Manual
B-3
Gendex Dental Systems 4519-190-71193-7
In the case of other less resistant wall types (hollow bricks, wood)
which, however, can bear the specified load without evident de-
formation, we recommend using the “through the wall” method
of attachment of the fig. below, which uses a front steel reinforce-
ment plate (2 mm thick) and a steel counter plate (2 mm thick) of
a larger size than the column wall attachment, fixed with screws
or stay bolts, ensuring a tightening force on the bolts of 10 N/m.
Doubling the surface of the steel plates with respect to the size
of the column wall attachment, will halve the static load applied
to the wall.
Wall
Steel counter plate
Column
Anterior steel plate
Wall
Steel counter plate
Column
In the case of other very weak walls (wood, etc.) a steel construc-
tion is needed.
Irregularities in floor levels, within a 2mm/m tolerance, can be
compensated at installation time by means of levelling shims
supplied with the system.
For the preparation of the fixing holes in the wall please refer
to B-28.
(03.0)E
B.4.4 Electrical pre-installation
The Orthoralix requires a fixed electrical installation.
The mains cable required is two poles with ground (not sup-
plied).
The mains cable inlet is at the rear of the column, and is provided
with cable retainer.
Therefore a suitable outlet shall be provided on the wall behind
the column, from where the mains supply cable has to be de-
rived.
The remote control box is connected to the Z-carriage by a 20
m cable.
The cable inlet is at the rear of the column.
The mains supply cable has to be connected to the mains circuit
connection points, accessible at the front of the column.
Total mains cable resistance must take the specified mains
resistance limits into account (see table below)
VOLTAGE (VAC) MAX. LINE RESISTENCE (OHM)
115 0.2 MAX
230 1.0 MAX
250 1.0 MAX
For calculation purposes a list of different wire sizes with related
resistances is given:
SIZE RESISTANCE / METER
AWG16 (1.35 mm²) 0.03 (2 x 0.015) Ohm/m
AWG14 (2.11 mm²) 0.0188 (2 x 0.0094) Ohm/m
B.4.5 X-Ray protection
The machine is intended for (indoor) dental practice without
special X-ray protection in walls, floors and ceilings.
X-ray protection comes from the distance to be kept from the
unit, proper X-ray beam collimation and inherent shielding
implemented in the machine.
Primary X-ray beams are shielded by a lead plate, located in the
rear of the cassette unit (thickness:1.5 mm in Pan and Transcan,
1 mm in Ceph mode).
In the DDE versions, the X-ray beams are shielded by the sensor
assembly, introducing a filtration equivalent to 1.5 mm of lead.
Printed on: 20 Apr 2012, 04:59:40 pm; Printed by: UWE.ZELLER