HEIDENHAIN TNC 370 User manual

-Ii
HEIDENHAIN
User’s Manual
HEIDENHAIN Conversational
L Programming

TNC Guideline
From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining
Step Task
Preparation
TNC Refer to
operating mode Section
1 Select tools
2
3
Set workpiece datum
for coordinate system
Determine spindle speeds
and feed rates
4 Switch on machine 1.3
5 Traverse reference marks
6 Clamp workpiece
7 Set the datum /
Reset position display
--- --- --- ------
7a with the 3D touch probe
7b without the 3D touch probe
Entering and testing pat-t programs
8 Enter part program, or load
over external data interface m Or /EXT)5to8,10
9 Test part program for errors
10 Test run: Run the program
block by block without tool BJ
z 3.2
11 If necessary: Optimize
part program 5 to 8
Machining the workpiece
12 Insert tool and run program 3.2
3
J
3
J
4
d
.-l
d
.J

Keys and Controls on the TNC
Override Knobs
Feed rate Spindle speed
100 100
5oQ: 50@:
0 0
Machine Keys (only available on TE 370 keyboard unit)
EJl@j NC start/NC stop
Elm Coolant on/off
mm Spindle on/off
W-B Machrne functions
(see machine operating manual)
@g-m Axis direction keys
Visual Display Unit
0
Soft keys: for selectrng function on screen
mm Shaft the soft keys
m Select screen layout
Typewriter Keyboard for Entering Letters and Symbols
0 iw] (El (R1 (Tl m p:;;;::
(GjIFj/S)ITj(Mj IS0 programs
Machine Operating Modes
m MANUAL OPERATION
0
f;s1 ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL
El
r.1 POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT
az PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK
Q PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE
Q PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
Q TEST RUN
Cursor Keys and GOT0
0000 Move cursor (highlight)
. .
m Go drrectly to blocks, cycles and parameter functions
Program Management
Select, protect, copy, rename, erase,
Input and output programs
Programmable Contours
0
FK
FK Free contour programming
CHF
0
.A
Chamfer
Straight line
Circle center / Pole for polar coordinates
Circle around center point/pole
Circle with radius
Circle with tangential connection
RWD
0
od
Corner rounding
Tool Data
EE& Enter tool length and radius
I-TOOL
w Call tool length and radius
- ~~
k RL- Activate tool radius compensation
Cylces, Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
E:F’ Eb:: Define and call cycles
%-m
Enter and call subprograms and
program section repeats
Abort interrupted machrnrng, or
enter a stop in a program
Set datum with the 3D touch probe, or
enter touch probe functions in a program
Numerical Entry, Editing
Numerical values
Decrmal point / Algebrarc sign
Incremental values / Polar coordinates
0 parameters for part familres or
in mathematrcal functions
Clear numerical entry, or TNC message
Actual positron capture
Confirm entry and resume dialog
Ignore dialog prompts and delete words
Abort dialog; delete program sections
Conclude block
MOD functions
HELP function

TNC 370 with TE 370 Keyboard Unit

- TNC 370 with TE 371 Keyboard Unit

How to use this manual
This manual describes functions and fezitures aYailr;tble on the
TNC370fromMCso%re number280K?OOf.
This manual describes all available TNC 370 functions.
For information on your machine tool refer to the machine tool manual.
The NC beginner can use the manual as a workbook. The first part of the
manual deals with the basics of NC technology and describes the TNC
370 functions. It then introduces the techniques of conversational pro-
gramming. Each new function is thoroughly described when it is first
introduced, and the numerous examples can be tried out directly on the
control. The NC beginner should work through this manual from beginning
to end to ensure that he is capable of fully exploiting the features of this
powerful tool.
For the NC expert, this manual serves as a comprehensive reference
work. The table of contents and cross references enable him to quickly
find the topics and information he needs. Easy-to-read dialog flowcharts
show him how to enter the data required for each function.
The dialog flow charts consist of sequentially arranged instruction boxes.
Each key is illustrated next to an explanation of its function to aid the
beginner when he is performing the operation for the first time. The
experienced user can use the key sequences illustrated in the left part of
the flowchart as a quick overview. The TNC dialogs are always presented
on a gray background.
Layout of the dialog flowcharts
Dialog initiation key (soft key)
I
The functions of the keys are explained here.
I
Answer the dialog with
these keys I
NEXTDIALOGQUESfJQN
c
Function of the key.
Press this key
----------------
0
Function of an alternative key.
Or press this key
L
The trail of dots indicates that:
.
A dashed line means that either
/
.
.
l the dialog is not fully shown, or
l the dialog continues on the next page
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TNC 370

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407
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Contents User's Manual TNC 370
Introduction
Manual Operation and Setup
Test Run and Program Run
Programming
Programming Tool Movements
Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
Programming with Q Parameters
Cycles
3D Touch Probes
External Data Transfer
MOD-Functions, HELP Functions
Tabels, Overviews and Dialogs

i 1 Introduction
L
L
1.1 TNC370 ............................................................................................... 1-2
The operating panel with the TE 370 keyboard unit.. ............................................... 1-3
Soft key structure ...................................................................................................... 1-7
TNC Accessories .................................................................................................... 1-l 7
1.2 Fundamentals ................................................................................... 1-18
Introduction ............................................................................................................. l-l 8
What is NC7 ............................................................................................................ 1-18
The part program .................................................................................................... l-l 8
Conversational programming .................................................................................. l-l 8
Reference system ................................................................................................... l-l 9
Cartesian coordinate system .................................................................................. 1-l 9
Additional axes ........................................................................................................ I-20
Polar coordinates .................................................................................................... I-20
Setting a pole at a circle center (CC) ..................................................................... l-21
Setting the datum .................................................................................................... I-21
Absolute workpiece positions.. ................................................................................ 1-23
Incremental workpiece positions.. ........................................................................... 1-23
Programming tool movements.. .............................................................................. 1-25
Position encoders.. .................................................................................................. 1-25
Reference marks .................................................................................................... 1-25
1.3 Switch-On ...........................................................*.............................. 1-26
1.4 Graphics and Status Display .......................................................... 1-27
Plan view ................................................................................................................. 1-27
Projection in three planes ....................................................................................... 1-28
3D View .................................................................................................................. 1-29
Repeating graphic simulation.. ................................................................................ I-30
Status display .......................................................................................................... 1-31
Additional status displays.. ...................................................................................... 1-31
1.5 Interactive Programming Graphics ................................................ 1-34
Generating graphics during programming .............................................................. 1-34
Generating graphics for an existing program ......................................................... l-34
Magnifying/reducing a detail ................................................................................... 1-35
1.6 Programs ........................................................................................... 1-36
Program management ........................................................................................... 1-36
Selecting, protecting, copying, renaming and erasing programs ........................... 1-37
TNC 370

2 Manual Operation and Setup
2.1 Moving the Machine Axes ................................................................. 2-2
Traversing with the axis direction keys ..................................................................... 2-2
Traversing with the electronic handwheel ................................................................ 2-3
Working with the HR 330 electronic handwheel ....................................................... 2-3
Positioning with manual data input ........................................................................... 2-4
Incremental jog positioning ....................................................................................... 2-4
2.2 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
... 2-5
To enter the spindle speed S .................................................................................... 2-5
To change the spindle speed S ................................................................................ 2-5
To change the feed rate F ........................................................................................ 2-6
To enter the miscellaneous function M ..................................................................... 2-6
2.3 Setting the Datum without a 3D Touch Probe ................................. 2-7
Setting the datum in the tool axis ............................................................................ .2-7
Setting the datum in the working plane .................................................................... 2-8
TNC 370

3 Test Run and Program Run
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Test Run .............................................................................................. 3-2
To do a test run ......................................................................................................... 3-2
Program Run ........................................................................................ 3-3
To run a part program ................................................................................................ 3-3
Interrupting machining .............................................................................................. 3-4
Resuming program run after an interruption ............................................................. 3-5
Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs ................................ 3-6
Skipping Blocks During Program Run/Test Run ............................ 3-7
Optional Interruption of a Program Run .......................................... 3-7
- TNC370

4 Programming
4.1 Editing Part Programs ....................................................................... 4-2
Layout of a program.. ............................................................................................... .4-2
Plain language dialog ............................................................................................... .4-2
Editing functions ....................................................................................................... ,4-3
4.2 Tools .................................................................................................... 4-5
Determining tool data ............................................................................................... ,4-5
Oversizes for lengths and radii - delta values.. ........................................................ 4-6
Entering tool data into the program ......................................................................... .4-7
Entering tool data in program TO0L.T .................................................................... .4-8
Entering tool data in tables ...................................................................................... .4-9
Pocket table for tool changer ................................................................................. .4-l 2
Calling tool data ...................................................................................................... 4-l 3
Tool change ........................................................................................................... .4-l 4
4.3 Tool Compensation Values ............................................................. 4-15
Effect of tool compensation values.. ...................................................................... .4-l 5
Tool radius compensation ...................................................................................... .4-l 6
Machining corners .................................................................................................. .4-l 8
4.4 Program Creation ............................................................................. 4-19
Creating a new part program ................................................................................. ,4-l 9
Defining the blank form .......................................................................................... .4-l 9
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4.5 Entering Tool-Related Data ............................................................. 4-21
Feed rate F
............................................................................................................. .4-21
Spindle speed S ...................................................................................................... 4-22
4.6 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP .............................. 4-23
4.7 Actual Position Capture ................................................................... 4-24
4.8 Marking Blocks to be Skipped ........................................................ 4-25
4.9 Entering Comments in the Part Program ..*.......................*............ 4-26
TNC 370

Programming Tool Movements
5.1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements.. .............. 5-2
5.2 Contour Approach and Departure .................................................... 5-4
Starting and end positions ....................................................................................... .5-4
Smooth approach and departure .............................................................................. 5-6
5.3 Path Functions .................................................................................... 5-7
General information ................................................................................................. .5-7
Machine axis movement under program control ..................................................... .5-7
Overview of path functions ....................................................................................... 5-8
5.4 Path Contours - Cartesian Coordinates ........................................ 5-9
Straight line .............................................................................................................. .5-9
Chamfer .................................................................................................................. 5-l 2
Circles and circular arcs - General information ..................................................... 5-14
Circle center CC ...................................................................................................... 5-1 5
Circular path C around the circle center CC.. ......................................................... 5-l 7
Circular path CR with defined radius ...................................................................... 5-20
Circular path CT with tangential connection .......................................................... .5-23
Corner rounding RND ............................................................................................. 5-25
5.5 Path Contours - Polar Coordinates .............................................. 5-27
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC.. .......................................................................... .5-27
Straight line LP ........................................................................................................ 5-27
Circular path CP around pole CC ........................................................................... 5-30
Circular path CTP with tangential connection.. ....................................................... 5-32
Helical interpolation ................................................................................................. 5-33
5.6 Contours - FK Free Contour Programming ................................... 5-36
Programming contour elements with FK ................................................................ 5-36
Interactive graphics during FK programming ......................................................... 5-38
FK Functions .......................................................................................................... .5-39
Free programming of straight lines ......................................................................... 5-40
Free programming of circular arcs.. ........................................................................ 5-44
Identifying closed contours ..................................................................................... 5-47
5.7 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data ....... 5-51
Smoothing corners: M90.. ....................................................................................... 5-51
Machining small contour steps: M97 ...................................................................... 5-52
Complete machining of open contours: M98 ......................................................... .5-53
Setting the coordinates for the datum: M91/M92 .................................................. .5-54
Reducing rotary axis display values to under 360”: M94 ...................................... .5-55
Optimized traverse of rotary axes: Ml 26 ............................................................... 5-55
Feed rate at circular arcs: Ml 09/Ml IO/Ml 11 ........................................................ 5-56
5.8 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ...................................... 5-57
- TNC370

6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
6.1 Subprograms ................................................................. ..................... 6-2
Principle .................................................................................................................... 6-2
Operating limits ......................................................................................................... 6-2
Programming and calling subprograms .................................................................... 6-3
6.2 Program Section Repeats ................................................................. 6-5
Principle .................................................................................................................... 6-5
Programming notes.. ................................................................................................. 6-5
Programming and calling a program section repeat ................................................ 6-5
6.3 Program as Subprogram ................................................................... 6-8
Principle .................................................................................................................... 6-8
Operating limits ......................................................................................................... 6-8
Calling a program as a subprogram ......................................................................... 6-8
6.4 Nesting ................................................................................................ 6-9
Nesting depth ........................................................................................................... .6-9
Subprogram in a subprogram ................................................................................... 6-9
Repeating program section repeats ....................................................................... 6-l 1
Repeating subprograms .......................................................................................... 6-l 2
TNC 370 -

7 Programming with Q Parameters
--
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
Part Families - Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values.. ...... 7-4
Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions ................ 7-6
Overview ................................................................................................................... 7-6
Trigonometric Functions ................................................................... 7-8
Overview .................................................................................................................. .7-8
If-Then Operations with Q Parameters ............................................ 7-9
Jumps ................................................................................................................... ,7-9
Overview .................................................................................................................. .7-9
Checking and Changing Q Parameters ......................................... 7-11
Output of Q Parameters and Messages ......................................... 7-12
Displaying error messages .................................................................................... .7-l 2
Output through an external data interface.. ............................................................ 7-l 3
Assigning values for the PLC .................................................................................. 7-l 3
Reading from System Data .................. ..*......................................... 7-14
Examples for Exercise.. ................................................................... 7-15
Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach ....................... 7-l 5
Bolt hole circle ........................................................................................................ .7-l 6
Ellipse .................................................................................................................. 7-l 8
Machining a hemisphere with an end mill .............................................................. .7-20
- TNC 370

8 Cycles
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
General Overview of Cycles .............................................................. 8-2
Programming a cycle ............................................................................................... .8-3
Drilling Cycles .................................................................................... 8-5
PECKING (Cycle 1) ................................................................................................. .8-6
DRILLING (Cycle 200) ............................................................................................. .8-7
REAMING (Cycle 201) ............................................................................................. .8-8
BORING (Cycle 202) ............................................................................................... .8-9
UNIVERSAL DRILLING CYCLE (Cycle 203) ........................................................ .8-l 0
TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 2) ....................................................... .8-l 2
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17). ................................................................................... 8-13
Examples for exercise.. .......................................................................................... .8-l 4
Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots ................................. 8-16
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) ................................................................................. .8-17
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) ......................................................................... .8-18
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213) ............................................................................... 8-20
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5). ............................................................. .8-22
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214) ...................................................... .8-23
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) ........................................................... ,8-25
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3). ...................................................................................... .8-27
SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) ................................................... .8-28
CIRCULAR SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) ................................ 8-30
Examples for exercise.. .......................................................................................... .8-32
Cycles for Machining Hole Patterns ............................................... 8-34
CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) ....................................................................... .8-35
LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) .............................................................................. 8-36
Examples for exercise.. .......................................................................................... .8-38
SL Cycles .......................................................................................... 8-40
CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14). ...................................................................... 8-41
ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 6) ......................................................................................... .8-42
SL Cycles: Overlapping contours .......................................................................... .8-44
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 15) ................................................................................. .8-50
CONTOUR MILLING (Cycle 16). ........................................................................... .8-51
Cycles for Multipass Milling ............................................................ 8-54
MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230) ........................................................................ 8-55
RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) .............................................................................. 8-57
Examples for exercise.. .......................................................................................... .8-59
Cycles for Coordinate Transformations ........................................ 8-60
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) ........................................................................................ 8-61
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) .................................................................................... .8-63
ROTATION (Cycle IO) ........................................................................................... .8-65
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) .............................................................................. .8-66
Special Cycles .................................................................................. 8-68
DWELL TIME (Cycle 9). ......................................................................................... .8-68
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) .................................................................................. 8-68
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13). ............................................................... .8-69 -
4
TNC 370

9 3D Touch Probes
.~ 9.1
9.2
9.3
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L
.
9.4
9.5
9.7
General Information on Touch Probes ............................................. 9-2
TS 120 Triggering touch probe ................................................................................ .9-2
TS 630 Triggering touch probe ................................................................................. 9-2
lT 120 Touch probe for tool measurement.. ........................................................... .9-3
Touch Probe Cycles in the MANUAL and
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL Operating Modes ............................... 9-4
To select the touch probe functions ......................................................................... 9-4
Calibrating a triggering 3D touch probe .................................................................... 9-5
Compensating workpiece misalignment ................................................................... 9-7
Setting the datum with the 3D touch probe system ................................................. 9-9
Measuring Workpieces with a 3D Touch Probe ............................ 9-14
Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece ............................... 9-l 4
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane ....................................... 9-14
Measuring workpiece dimensions. .......................................................................... 9-l 5
Measuring angles ................................................................................................... .9-l 6
Measuring with the 3D touch probe during program run ....................................... .9-18
Digitizing with a Triggering 3D Touch Probe (Optional) .............. 9-21
Defining the digitizing range.. ................................................................................. .9-22
Input data ............................................................................................................... .9-22
Setting the scanning range .................................................................................... .9-22
Line-by-line digitizing with Cycle 6 MEANDER ....................................................... 9-24
Contour line digitizing with Cycle 7 CONTOUR LINES ......................................... .9-26
Input data ................................................................................................................ 9-27
Using Digitized Data in a Part Program ......................................... 9-29
Executing a part program from digitized data ....................................................... .9-30
Measuring Tools with the TT 120 Touch Probe ............................ 9-31
Calibrating the TT 120 ............................................................................................ 9-33
Measuring the tool length ....................................................................................... 9-34
Measuring the tool radius ....................................................................................... 9-36
- TNC 370

External Data Transfer
10.1 Functions for External Data Transfer ............................................. IO-2
Blockwise transfer ................................................................................................... 1O-2
10.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for Data Interface .................... .lO-3
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface .......................................................................................... 1O-3
10.3 Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer ......................................... 10-4
HEIDENHAIN devices ............................................................................................. IO-4
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ...................................................................................... IO-4
TNC 370

11 MOD Functions, HELP Functions
11.1 Calling and Exiting the MOD Functions ......................................... 11-2
11.2 Machine-Specific User Parameters .........................m..................*... 11-2
11.3 Selecting the Programming Format and Unit of Measure............ 11-3
11.4 Setting the Axis Traverse Limits ..........~......................................... 11-4
11.5 Setting the External Data Interface ................................................. 11-5
RS-232-C Interface ................................................................................................. 11-5
BAUD RATE ............................................................................................................ 11-5
L
11.6 Selecting Position Display Types ...................................................
11-6
11.7 Code Numbers .................................................................................. 11-7
11.8 NC and PLC Software Numbers, Free Memory ............................. 11-7
11.9 HELP Function ........................................ .......................................... 11-8
Selecting and exiting HELP .................................................................................... 1l-8
- TNC 370

12 Tables, Overviews and Dialogs
12.1 General User Parameters ....................................... ......................... 12-2
Selecting the general user parameters. .................................................................. 12-2
External data transfer ............................................................................................. 12-3
3D Touch probes and digitizing .............................................................................. 12-4
TNC displays, TNC editor ....................................................................................... 12-6
Machining and program run .................................................................................... 12-8
Override behavior, electronic handwheel ............................................................... 12-9
12.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions) ....... ............................... 12-10
Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect. ............................................. 12-l 0
Vacant miscellaneous functions ........................................................................... 12-l 1
12.3 Preassigned Q Parameters ........................................................... 12-12
12.4 Features, Specifications and Accessories .................................. 12-14
Accessories ........................................................................................................... 12-l 6
12.5 TNC Error Messages ...................................................................... 12-17
TNC error messages during programming ........................................................... 12-l 7
TNC error messages during test run and program run ........................................ 12-18
TNC error messages during digitizing .................................................................. 12-21
TNC 370

1 Introduction
1.1 TNC 370 ............................................................................................... 1-2
The operating panel with the TE 370 keyboard unit ............................................... 1-3
Soft key structure ..................................................................................................... 1-7
TNC Accessories .................................................................................................... l-l 7
1.2 Fundamentals ................................................................................... 1-18
introduction ............................................................................................................. 1-I 8
What is NC? ............................................................................................................ l-l 8
The part program .................................................................................................... l-l 8
Conversational programming ................................................................................. l-l 8
Reference system ................................................................................................... l-l 9
Cartesian coordinate system ................................................................................. l-l 9
Additional axes ....................................................................................................... I-20
Polar coordinates .................................................................................................... I-20
Setting a pole at a circle center (CC) .................................................................... 1-21
Setting the datum ................................................................................................... I-21
Absolute workpiece positions ................................................................................. l-23
Incremental workpiece positions ............................................................................ I-23
Programming tool movements ............................................................................... 1-25
Position encoders ................................................................................................... 1-25
Reference marks ................................................................................................... I-25
1.3 Switch-On .......................................................................................... 1-26
1.4 Graphics and Status Display .......................................................... I-27
Plan view ................................................................................................................. 1-27
Projection in three planes.. ..................................................................................... I-28
3D View .................................................................................................................. 1-29
Repeating graphic simulation ................................................................................. I-30
Status display ......................................................................................................... 1-31
Additional status displays ....................................................................................... 1-31
1.5
1.6
Interactive Programming Graphics ................................................ l-34
Generating graphics during programming ............................................................. I-34
Generating graphics for an existing program ........................................................ 1-34
Magnifying/reducing a detail .................................................................................. I-35
Programs.. ......................................................................................... 1-36
Program management .......................................................................................... 1-36
Selecting, protecting, copying, renaming and erasing programs ......................... I-37