hilscher netFIELD Compact X8M User manual

User manual
netFIELD Compact X8M
Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH
www.hilscher.com
DOC220302UM01EN | Revision 1 | English | 2022-05 | Released | Public

Table of contents 2/136
Table of contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 About this document ........................................................................................................4
1.1.1 Description of the contents ............................................................................... 4
1.1.2 List of revisions ................................................................................................. 4
1.1.3 Conventions in this document........................................................................... 5
1.2 Terms and abbreviations..................................................................................................6
1.3 Brief description ...............................................................................................................7
1.4 netFIELD OS: Industrial IoT Operating System ...............................................................9
2 Safety ...................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Intended use ..................................................................................................................13
2.2 General note ..................................................................................................................13
2.3 Personnel qualification ...................................................................................................13
2.4 Device destruction by exceeding the allowed supply voltage ........................................14
2.5 Risk of denial of service due to extensive memory usage close to limits.......................14
2.6 Modification reserved .....................................................................................................14
3 Hardware description ............................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Device overview .............................................................................................................15
3.2 Dimensions ....................................................................................................................16
3.3 Interfaces .......................................................................................................................17
3.3.1 Ethernet LAN connectors................................................................................ 17
3.3.2 Supply voltage ................................................................................................ 17
3.3.3 RS-232 / RS-485 interface.............................................................................. 18
3.3.4 USB connectors .............................................................................................. 20
3.3.5 Console interface ............................................................................................ 20
3.4 LEDs ..............................................................................................................................21
3.4.1 LEDs of the LAN interface .............................................................................. 21
3.4.2 Edge LED........................................................................................................ 21
4 Commissioning and first steps ............................................................................................ 23
4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................23
4.1.1 netFIELD Cloud user ...................................................................................... 23
4.1.2 Standard Docker user ..................................................................................... 24
4.2 Installation ......................................................................................................................25
4.3 Establish LAN connection and login to Local Device Manager......................................28
4.3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 28
4.3.2 Using DHCP server......................................................................................... 29
4.3.3 Establishing one-to-one connection to device (without DHCP server) ........... 31
4.3.4 Login to Local Device Manager ...................................................................... 32
4.4 Set system time..............................................................................................................35
4.5 "Onboard" (register) device in netFIELD Cloud .............................................................37
4.5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 37
4.5.2 Onboarding using the “Basic” method ............................................................ 38
4.5.3 Onboarding using the “Advanced” method ..................................................... 40
5 Local Device Manager ........................................................................................................... 47
5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................47
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5.2 System ...........................................................................................................................49
5.3 Networking .....................................................................................................................52
5.3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 52
5.3.2 Firewall............................................................................................................ 57
5.3.3 Network Proxy settings ................................................................................... 66
5.4 Networking Services ......................................................................................................72
5.4.1 Wi-Fi................................................................................................................ 72
5.4.2 DHCP Server .................................................................................................. 72
5.4.3 Connectivity Check ......................................................................................... 73
5.5 Onboarding (and offboarding) ........................................................................................75
5.6 General Settings ............................................................................................................78
5.6.1 Web Server (Port) Settings ............................................................................. 78
5.6.2 Default MQTT Client Settings ......................................................................... 79
5.6.3 Docker Network Settings ................................................................................ 81
5.6.4 Remote Access............................................................................................... 85
5.6.5 Login ............................................................................................................... 87
5.7 Standard Docker ............................................................................................................88
5.8 IoT Edge Docker ............................................................................................................95
5.9 Accounts ......................................................................................................................101
5.10 Certificate .....................................................................................................................104
5.11 Terminal .......................................................................................................................105
5.12 System Update.............................................................................................................106
5.13 Logs .............................................................................................................................111
5.14 Services .......................................................................................................................112
6 Good to know ....................................................................................................................... 115
6.1 Device recovery via USB .............................................................................................115
6.2 Useful CLI commands and parameters in Terminal.....................................................119
6.2.1 Network Manager.......................................................................................... 119
6.2.2 Show interface status.................................................................................... 119
6.2.3 Activate interface .......................................................................................... 119
6.2.4 Docker Compose support for Standard Docker environment ....................... 119
6.2.5 Manage Standard Docker ............................................................................. 119
6.2.6 Manage IoT Edge Docker ............................................................................. 119
6.2.7 External storage support using iSCSI ........................................................... 120
6.2.8 Enable/disable SSH Daemon (release port 22) ............................................ 120
6.2.9 Follow the system log via terminal CLI ......................................................... 120
6.2.10 Configure operating mode of serial interface ................................................ 120
7 Technical data ...................................................................................................................... 121
8 Decommissioning, dismounting and disposal ................................................................. 123
8.1 Dismounting .................................................................................................................123
8.2 Disposal .......................................................................................................................124
9 Legal notes ........................................................................................................................... 127
List of figures ....................................................................................................................... 132
List of tables......................................................................................................................... 135
Contacts................................................................................................................................ 136
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Introduction 4/136
1 Introduction
1.1 About this document
1.1.1 Description of the contents
This user manual describes the netFIELD Compact X8M edge gateway
(NFX8M-D2-N32-010) from Hilscher. It contains a description of its
hardware, its technical data and a description of its web-based
configuration GUI (Local Device Manager).
It also provides instructions on how to commission the gateway “in the field”
and how to “onboard” it in the netFIELD Cloud for remote management
(optional use case for users/subscribers of the netFIELD Cloud).
Note that for ease of reading, the edge gateway is referred to simply as
"device" in this document.
1.1.2 List of revisions
Index Date Author Revision
1 2022-05-03 MKE Document created
Table1: List of revisions
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1.1.3 Conventions in this document
Notes, instructions and results of operating steps are marked as follows:
Notes
Important:
<important note you must follow to avoid malfunction>
Note:
<general note>
<note on further information>
Instructions
1. Operational step
ØInstruction
ØInstruction
2. Operational step
ØInstruction
ØInstruction
Results
Intermediate result
Final result
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1.2 Terms and abbreviations
Term Description
Container Executable software package including all components needed
to run an application on a Docker engine.
Docker Software for isolating applications using container virtualization.
Docker enables the creation and operation of Linux containers.
netFIELD OS provides two Docker runtime environments:
IoT Edge Docker and Standard Docker. The IoT Edge Docker
environment is managed remotely from the netFIELD Platform.
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things.
IT network Information technology network
Microsoft Azure IoT
Edge
Features a deployable Docker-based runtime along with a public
cloud-hosted backend logic for remote device servicing. It is the
basic framework of the evolved netFIELD device-to-cloud
communication infrastructure.
netFIELD App netFIELD application Docker container from Hilscher. Runs in
the IoT Edge Docker or Standard Docker of the netFIELD OS on
the netFIELD Edge.
netFIELD Cloud Internet-hosted platform providing APIs for cloud-to-cloud and
cloud-to-edge communication. Based on Microsoft Azure IoT
Edge. Consists of the netFIELD Platform (backend) and the
netFIELD Portal (web-based user interface/frontend).
The netFIELD Cloud is also referred to as netFIELD.io
netFIELD Edge Gateway devices or systems running the netFIELD OS,
providing connectivity to the netFIELD Cloud. Cloud connectivity
is based on Microsoft Azure IoT Edge.
netFIELD.io Internet-hosted platform providing APIs for cloud-to-cloud and
cloud-to-edge communication. Based on Microsoft Azure IoT
Edge. Consists of the netFIELD Platform (backend) and the
netFIELD Portal (web-based user interface/frontend).
netFIELD.io is also referred to as netFIELD Cloud.
netFIELD OS Cross-platform capable Linux operating system providing core
OS functions plus optional connectivity to the netFIELD Cloud.
Cloud connectivity is based on Microsoft Azure IoT Edge.
netFIELD Platform Backend of the netFIELD Cloud, providing APIs for cloud-to-
cloud and cloud-to-edge communication.
netFIELD Portal Web-based user interface (frontend) of the netFIELD Cloud.
OT network Operational technology network.
Table2: Terms and abbreviations
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1.3 Brief description
Overview
netFIELD Compact X8M is an edge gateway for running custom software,
close-to-machine deployment of workloads and distributing IIoT logic and
intelligence.
Connecting your netFIELD Compact over the Internet to the netFIELD
Cloud (https://www.netfield.io) allows you to manage your device via
remote control functions from the netFIELD Portal (which is the web-based
user interface of the netFIELD Cloud) and to control the distribution of its
IIoT applications from remote over the Internet.
You can also stream MQTT messages from your device to 3rd party
applications via the RESTful API of the netFIELD Platform (which is the
backend of the netFIELD Cloud).
Note:
Note that connecting the netFIELD Compact device to the netFIELD
Cloud requires an account/subscription for the netFIELD Cloud
services (https://www.netfield.io).
Contact your local Hilscher sales representative for information on
terms and conditions.
Key features hardware
·1.8 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 64Bit CPU (NXP i.MX8M Mini)
·2 GB LPDDR4 RAM
·32 GB eMMC flash storage
·2 x Ethernet ports: 1 Gbit/s and 100 Mbit/s (RJ45 connectors)
·3 x USB 2.0 interfaces
·RS-232 or RS-485 (switchable) serial interface (terminal block
connector)
·Serial console interface (UART-to-USB)
·Programmable LED
·Compact aluminum housing
·Protection class IP20
·Removable mounting bracket for DIN top hat rail or wall mounting
·Wide input voltage range of +8 V to +36 V DC (typical: +24 V DC)
·Wide ambient temperature range of –20 °C to +60 °C
·Real-time clock buffering via on-board coin cell battery
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Key features software
·Preinstalled and non-removable netFIELD OS (netFIELD Operating
System) with Local Device Manager (web GUI) for local configuration
and administration of the device.
For more details and information about the netFIELD OS, see section
netFIELD OS: Industrial IoT Operating System [}page9].
·“High Assurance Boot”: Only Hilscher-authenticated netFIELD OS core
software can run on the device at any time.
·Applications for data acquisition, analytics, processing or connectivity
(to cloud or other enterprise systems) do not run natively under the
netFIELD OS, but as “containers” in a Docker runtime. netFIELD OS
provides two Docker runtimes that are running simultaneously on the
device:
–IoT Edge Docker for remote and automatic deployment and
maintenance of containers. These containers are deployed (“pulled”)
and managed over the netFIELD Cloud. This requires your device to
be onboarded in the netFIELD Cloud. Note that you need an
account/subscription for the netFIELD Cloud
(https://www.netfield.io) for this.
–Standard Docker for manual and local deployment and
maintenance of containers.
Those containers can be pulled from official registries like Docker
Hub (https://hub.docker.com) or any locally hosted Docker registry.
In case you do not have an account/subscription for the netFIELD
Cloud, the standard Docker is the only way to pull and run container
applications on your device.
·Options for users/subscribers of the netFIELD Cloud
(https://www.netfield.io):
–Remote device management and container deployment via
netFIELD Portal.
For a detailed description of the netFIELD Portal, see operating
instruction manual netFIELD Portal, DOC190701OIxxEN.
– The WebSocket interface of the netFIELD Platform allows you to
stream aggregated data for monitoring, long-term analytics or
diagnostics with your own applications via REST API
(see https://api.netfield.io/v1/documentation).
You can easily create your own and personal API key needed for
authorization with different levels of permission in the API Key
Manager of the netFIELD Portal.
–Software updates for the device (application containers and
netFIELD OS) can be conveniently initialized and managed via the
netFIELD Portal.
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1.4 netFIELD OS: Industrial IoT Operating System
The netFIELD OS supports scalable field device hardware depending on
the customer's use case. In order to achieve this, applications do not run
directly on the host system but instead as containers in a Docker runtime.
Our OS is very lean and only supports the essential services required by
the customer's network infrastructure.
Features
·Run containers: Containers are revolutionizing connected IoT devices,
and netFIELD OS is the perfect match to run them.
·Manage device: Manage your device locally with a web-based
interface. It is easy to administer storage, configure networks, and
more.
·Build to last: Build to survive in harsh environments like unexpected
shutdowns with security in mind.
·Easy to port: Based on a Yocto project (https://www.yoctoproject.org)
maintained Linux for easy porting to most capable device types across
various CPU architectures.
Architecture
Hilscher netFIELD OS is a secure operating system that makes it easy to
program, deploy, connect and manage Edge Devices. Hilscher netFIELD
OS extends the Linux kernel, with software libraries to securely connect
operation technology like PLC, MES, Historians, Files or other on-premise
systems with IT services like the netFIELD Portal. Our OS lets you innovate
faster embracing container technologies managed by the netFIELD Portal
from a central point or locally at the edge.
Figure1: netFIELD OS architecture
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Core services
The netFIELD OS core services include the support of hardware interfaces,
the network environment, secure communication and system logging. In
order to support the customer in setting up the gateway configuration, the
Local Device Manager is coming along with the core services. With the
open plug-in mechanism, the functionality of the Local Device Manager can
be easily extended with the help of containerized applications.
Container management
Application containers can run in the IoT Edge Docker or Standard Docker
environment and do contain business logic such as for data acquisition,
analytics, processing or connectivity to cloud or enterprise systems.
The container management provides the functionality to pull and run
containers on the device itself. Before a container can be run, its image
needs to be pulled from a certain container registry. After that the container
is created, the application can be then controlled by using the start / stop
commands or by enabling the autostart option. Also, the deletion of
containers and images is a part of container management. In order to
enable the field devices for off- and online scenarios, netFIELD OS
provides two Docker runtime environments at the same time.
The IoT Edge Docker environment is managed by the netFIELD.io
(netFIELD Platform) remotely. That is why there is no need to have direct
access to the netFIELD Edge Device, as long as the device can hold its
connection to netFIELD.io.
Administrators can be anywhere and have full management access to the
device with the stored images and have the ability to control the application
containers remotely. Otherwise, the Standard Docker can be used locally if
the netFIELD Edge Device is not connected to netFIELD.io. In this case,
the Standard Docker runtime environment can be managed by the Local
Device Manager, by the netFIELD OS command line interface or by a web
application like portainer.io, which can be deployed as container.
Figure2: netFIELD OS container management
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Introduction 11/136
Inter-container communication
Application containers usually focus on the dedicated business logic in
order to avoid the development of unmaintainable software monoliths. In
this scenario, multiple containers need to work together to realize customer
use cases. Our powerful message and container-oriented architecture
provide the highest level of flexibility and reusability when implementing
customer solutions with individual requirements. This reduces IoT solution
cost in development and operation.
Figure3: netFIELD OS inter-container communication
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Services supported by netFIELD OS
·Network interface configuration
·Firewall configuration (NAT, TCP/IP port management)
·HTTP(S) Proxy Server configuration
·Network storage (NFS, iSCSI) support
·Resources monitoring
·Access to netFIELD OS and Docker services via a web-terminal, serial
console or SSH
·Standard Docker instance for locally managed containers, including
Docker Compose support
·IoT Edge Docker instance for application containers managed via
netFIELD Cloud
·netFIELD OS update (local/remote) support
·System and container logging
·Onboarding in netFIELD Cloud
·Secure communication to the netFIELD Cloud services
·Remote device control/access via netFIELD Cloud, protected by “four-
eyes principle”: Must be explicitly enabled by the user in the Local
Device Manager
·Selection of upstream (device-to-cloud) protocol to the netFIELD Cloud:
AMQP, AMQPWS, MQTT or MQTTWS. Note that the protocols use
different ports, which is relevant to your firewall configuration
·Management of Linux services in Local Device Manager
·Connectivity check for IoT Edge Docker in Local Device Manager
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2 Safety
2.1 Intended use
netFIELD Compact X8M is an edge gateway for running custom software,
close-to-machine deployment of workloads and distributing IIoT logic and
intelligence. Additionally it allows you to connect it with netFIELD Cloud in
order to control the device itself and the distribution of those applications
from remote over the Internet.
The device complies with protection class IP20 and is suitable for indoor
use, e.g. in industrial automation plants.
Any use other than specified here is not permitted.
2.2 General note
To avoid personal injury or property damage to your system or to this
product, you must read and understand all instructions in this manual
before using the product.
This manual was written for the use of the product by educated personnel.
When using the product, all safety instructions and all valid legal
regulations must be obeyed. Technical knowledge is presumed.
Keep this manual for future reference.
2.3 Personnel qualification
The device may only be installed, configured, operated and removed by
qualified personnel. Job-specific technical skills for people professionally
working with electricity must be present concerning the following topics:
·Safety and health at work
·Mounting and attaching of electrical equipment
·Measurement and analysis of electrical functions and systems
·Evaluation of the safety of electrical systems and equipment
·Installing and configuring IT
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2.4 Device destruction by exceeding the allowed supply voltage
Observe the following notes concerning the voltage supply:
·The device may only be operated with the specified supply voltage of +8
V ... +36 V DC. Make sure that the limits of the allowed range for the
supply voltage are not exceeded.
·A supply voltage above the upper limit can cause severe damage to the
device!
·A supply voltage below the lower limit can cause malfunction of the
device.
2.5 Risk of denial of service due to extensive memory usage
close to limits
Using applications that exceed the memory resources of the device can
cause an out-of-memory situation (OOM) in the Linux kernel leading to
temporary delayed application reaction times and limited overall device
responsiveness.
You must therefore consider the memory requirements of your Docker
containers carefully before deploying them on the device. We also
recommend you to configure the logging behavior (e.g. log levels) of your
containers accordingly.
For information on the memory resources of the device, see section
Technical data [}page121].
2.6 Modification reserved
Changes or modifications to hardware or software of the device by the user
are not permitted.
The device does not contain any parts that are serviceable by the user.
Do not open or damage the housing.
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3 Hardware description
3.1 Device overview
Figure4: Positions on netFIELD Compact
Pos. Label/name Description For details see
(1) ETH2 100 Mbit/s RJ45 Ethernet port Ethernet LAN connectors [}page17]
(2) ETH1 1 Gbit/s RJ45 Ethernet port
(3) 12V Supply voltage input connector (+8 ...
+36 V DC, typical: 24 V)
Supply voltage [}page17]
(4) - RS-232 and RS-485 (2-wire) interface
connector
RS-232 / RS-485 interface [}page18]
(5) - USB 2.0 type A connector USB connectors [}page20]
(6) - USB 2.0 type A connector
(7) Console Serial debug console connector
(UART-to-USB bridge over Micro USB)
Console interface [}page20]
(8) LED User-programmable LED EDG LED
(9) RST Button for resetting the netFIELD OS.
Note: For proper shut-down of the
netFIELD OS and the device, use the
power button (11).
-
(10) - USB 2.0 type A connector USB connectors [}page20]
(11) - Power button with LED indicator. -
Table3: Positions on netFIELD Compact device
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3.2 Dimensions
Figure5: Dimensions in millimeters
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3.3 Interfaces
3.3.1 Ethernet LAN connectors
The two RJ45 Ethernet connectors allow you to connect your device to your
local IT network and/or to the Internet (e.g. the netFIELD Cloud). The MAC
addresses of the ports are printed on the device label. Note that you can
change the IP address configuration of these ports in the Local Device
Manager (see section Networking [}page52]).
ETH1
Primary 1 Gbit/s Ethernet port (see position (2) in section Device
overview [}page15]).
The logical name of ETH1 in netFIELD OS is eth0. The “factory setting” of
the IP address of this port is DHCP mode (“fallback” is link-local, i.e.
address block 169.254.0.0/16).
ETH2
Secondary 100 Mbit/s Ethernet port (see position (1)). The logical name of
ETH2 in netFIELD OS is eth1. The “factory setting” of the IP address of this
port is 192.168.253.1/24.
3.3.2 Supply voltage
The power input jack (see position (3) in section Device
overview [}page15]) allows you to connect supply voltage in the range of
+8 V to +36 V DC (typical: 24 V).
DC jack Pin Signal
1 GND
2 +8 V ... +36 V DC IN (typical: +24 V DC)
3 “Bajonet” brackets for locking the plug to the device
Table4: Supply voltage connector
The input jack mates with a 5.5 x 2.5 mm coaxial (“barrel”) plug.
The device is shipped with an adapter plug (5.5 x 2.5 mm coaxial to 2-pin
terminal block) for easy wiring:
Figure6: Adapter plug
When connecting, turn the plug clockwise to lock it to the device (“bajonet”-
type mounting).
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3.3.3 RS-232 / RS-485 interface
The terminal block connector (see position (4) in section Device
overview [}page15]) is a 16550 UART-compatible serial port that can be
used either as RS-232 or RS-485 (2-wire) interface.
Serial interface Pin RS-232 signal RS-485 signal
1 RS232_TXD RS485_NEG
2 RS232_RTS RS485_POS
3 GND GND
4 RS232_CTS N.C.
5 RS232_RXD N.C.
6 GND GND
Table5: Serial interface
The device is shipped with a matching COMBICON connector for easy
wiring:
Figure7: COMBICON plug
Configuring the operating mode
The operating mode of the interface (uart1 in Linux) can be configured in
the Linux terminal with the following commands:
Set remanently to RS-485:
sudo sh -c "echo 'mode=rs485' > /etc/default/uart1"
systemctl restart uart1-mode
Set remanently to RS-232:
sudo sh -c "echo 'mode=rs232' > /etc/default/uart1"
systemctl restart uart1-mode
Note:
In case the /etc/default/uart1 file is missing, the UART is
configured to RS-485 mode by default.
Standard Linux device support
netFIELD OS supports the serial interface as standard Linux device /dev/
ttymxc0
Note that the uart1-mode service must be enabled and running for this
(the uart1-mode service is enabled and running by default).
If you stop the uart1-mode service (e.g. with the systemctl stop
uart1-mode command), the ttymxc0 interface will not be available any
longer.
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Enabling access for application containers
A Docker application container accessing the ttymxc0 serial interface
must be either running as root user or as a member of the dialout
group in Linux. If your container is not a root user, you can add the
container to the dialout group with the --group-add dialout
parameter in your docker run command during container deployment.
Note that you must also map the /dev/ttymxc0 interface into the
container.
The following example shows a docker run command for a Node-RED
container that would allow the container to access the interface:
docker run -d -p 1880:1880 --device=/dev/ttymxc0:/dev/ttymxc0 --
group-add dialout nodered/node-red
If the container is deployed via Docker Compose, you would have to add
the following lines in the *.yml file:
devices:
- "/dev/ttymxc0:/dev/ttymxc0"
group_add:
- dialout
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3.3.4 USB connectors
The three USB 2.0 type-A connectors (see positions (5), (6) and (10) in
section Device overview [}page15]) allow you to connect peripheral
devices such as Wi-Fi or LTE adapters, scanners, mass storage drives etc.
Note:
The maximum allowed output current over all USB ports is 1 A.
The USB ports can also be used for the device recovery procedure (see
section Device recovery via USB [}page115]).
3.3.5 Console interface
The micro USB jack (see position (7) in section Device
overview [}page15]) is linked to an internal UART-to-USB bridge allowing
you to access the netFIELD OS from a terminal program on your
engineering PC (like e.g. PuTTY) via USB connection.
After connecting the interface to your PC, the console port is displayed in
the Windows Device Manager under Ports (COM & LPT) as “Silicon
Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge (COMx)”:
Use the following serial port settings in your terminal program to access the
console:
Parameter Value
Baud rate 115200
Data bits 8
Stop bits 1
Parity none
Flow control none
Table6: Serial port settings of console
netFIELD Compact X8M | User manual
DOC220302UM01EN | Revision 1 | English | 2022-05 | Released | Public
© Hilscher 2022