HP 64746 User manual

User’s Guide for the Graphical User Interface
HP 64746
68302 Emulation/Analysis

Notice
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© Copyright 1987, 1990, 1993, Hewlett-Packard Company.
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OSF/Motif and Motif are trademarks of the Open Software Foundation in the U.S.
and other countries.
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2

Printing History
New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on the title page
changes only when a new edition is published.
A software code may be printed before the date; this indicates the version level of
the software product at the time the manual was issued. Many product updates and
fixes do not require manual changes, and manual corrections may be done without
accompanying product changes. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one
correspondence between product updates and manual revisions.
Edition 1
Edition 2
Edition 3
64746-97001, August 1990
64746-97003, December 1990
B1469-97000, December 1993
Safety, Certification and Warranty
Safety and certification and warranty information can be found at the end of this
manual on the pages before the back cover.
3

68302 Emulation and Analysis
The HP 64746 68302 emulator replaces the microprocessor in your embedded
microprocessor system, also called the target system, so that you can control
execution and view or modify processor and target system resources.
The emulator requires an emulation analyzer that captures 64 channels of emulation
processor bus cycle information synchronously with the processor’s clock signal.
The HP 64703 Emulation Bus Analyzer meets this requirement, and it has an
external analyzer that captures up to 16 channels of external data.
You can use the HP 64704 or HP 64794 Emulation Bus Analyzers which have 80
channels; however, these analyzers do not have external analysis channels.
You can also use the HP 64706 Emulation Bus Analyzer which has 48 channels.
Because this analyzer has fewer channels, you cannot capture all the
microprocessor bus cycle information that you can with the other analyzers.
With the Emulator, You Can ...
•Plug into 68302 target systems.
•Download programs into emulation memory or target system RAM.
•Display or modify the contents of processor registers and memory resources.
•Run programs, set up software breakpoints, step through programs, and reset
the emulation processor.
With the Analyzer, You Can ...
•Trigger the analyzer when a particular bus cycle state is captured. States are
stored relative to the trigger state.
•Qualify which states get stored in the trace.
•Prestore certain states that occur before each normal store state.
•Trigger the analyzer after a sequence of up to 8 events have occurred.
•Capture data on signals of interest in the target system with the external
analyzer.
•Cause emulator execution to break when the analyzer finds its trigger condition.
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With the HP 64700 Card Cage, You Can ...
•Use the RS-422 capability of the serial port and an RS-422 interface card on
the host computer (HP 98659 for the HP 9000 Series 300) to provide
upload/download rates of up to 230.4K baud.
•Easily upgrade HP 64700 firmware by downloading to flash memory.
With Multiple HP 64700s, You Can ...
•Start and stop up to 16 emulators at the same time (up to 32 if modifications
are made).
•Use the analyzer in one HP 64700 to arm (that is, activate) the analyzers in
other HP 64700 card cages or to cause emulator execution in other HP 64700
card cages to break.
•Use the HP 64700’s BNC connector to trigger an external instrument (for
example, a logic analyzer or oscilloscope) when the analyzer finds its trigger
condition, or you can allow an external instrument to arm the analyzer or break
emulator execution.
With the Graphical User Interface, You Can ...
•Use the emulator and analyzer under an X Window System that supports
OSF/Motif interfaces.
•Enter commands using pull-down or pop-up menus.
•Enter, recall, and edit commands using the command line pushbuttons.
•Enter file names, recalled commands, recalled values, etc., using dialog boxes.
•Set breakpoints by pointing the mouse cursor on a line in the mnemonic
memory display and clicking.
•Create action keys for commonly used commands or command files.
With the Softkey Interface, You Can ...
•Use the emulator and analyzer with a terminal or terminal emulator.
•Quickly enter commands using softkeys, command recall, and command
editing.
5

In This Book
This book documents the Graphical User Interface and the Softkey Interface when
used with the HP 64746 68302 emulator and the HP 64703/704/706/794 analyzer.
It is organized into five parts whose chapters are described below.
Part 1. Quick Start Guide
Chapter 1 quickly shows you how to use the emulator and analyzer.
Part 2. User’s Guide
Chapter 2 shows you how to start and exit the HP 64700 interfaces.
Chapter 3 shows you how to enter commands.
Chapter 4 shows how to configure the emulator.
Chapter 5 shows how to plug the emulator into a target system.
Chapter 6 shows how to use the emulator.
Chapter 7 shows how to use the analyzer.
Chapter 8 shows how to use the Software Performance Measurement Tool
(SPMT) with the analyzer.
Chapter 9 shows how to use the external state analyzer.
Chapter 10 shows how to make coordinated measurements.
Chapter 11 shows how to change X resource settings for the Graphical User
Interface.
Part 3. Reference
Chapter 12 describes emulator/analyzer interface commands.
Chapter 13 lists the error messages that can occur while using the
emulator/analyzer interface.
Chapter 14 describes emulator specifications and characteristics.
Part 4. Concept Guide
Chapter 15 contains conceptual information on various topics.
Part 5. Installation Guide
Chapter 16 outlines the installation of the Graphical User Interface, and shows
you how to start and exit the interface.
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Contents
Part 1 Quick Start Guide
1 Getting Started
The Emulator/Analyzer Interface — At a Glance 24
The Softkey Interface 24
Softkey Interface Conventions 25
The Graphical User Interface 26
Graphical User Interface Conventions 28
The Getting Started Tutorial 31
Step 1. Start the demo 32
Step 2: Display the program in memory 33
Step 3: Run from the transfer address 34
Step 4: Step high-level source lines 35
Step 5: Display the previous mnemonic display 36
Step 6: Run until an address 37
Step 7: Display data values 38
Step 8: Display registers 39
Step 9: Step assembly-level instructions 40
Step 10: Trace the program 41
Step 11: Display memory at an address in a register 43
Step 12: Patch assembly language code 44
Step 13: Exit the emulator/analyzer interface 47
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Part 2 User’s Guide
2 Starting and Exiting HP 64700 Interfaces
Starting the Emulator/Analyzer Interface 53
To start the emulator/analyzer interface 53
To start the interface using the default configuration 54
To run a command file on interface startup 55
To display the status of emulators 55
To unlock an interface that was left locked by another user 56
Opening Other HP 64700 Interface Windows 57
To open additional emulator/analyzer windows 57
To open the high-level debugger interface window 58
To open the software performance analyzer (SPA) interface window 58
Exiting HP 64700 Interfaces 59
To close an interface window 59
To exit a debug/emulation session 60
3 Entering Commands
Using Menus, the Entry Buffer, and Action Keys 63
To choose a pulldown menu item using the mouse (method 1) 64
To choose a pulldown menu item using the mouse (method 2) 65
To choose a pulldown menu item using the keyboard 65
To choose popup menu items 67
To place values into the entry buffer using the keyboard 68
To copy-and-paste to the entry buffer 68
To recall entry buffer values 71
To use the entry buffer 71
To copy-and-paste from the entry buffer to the command line entry area 72
To use the action keys 73
To use dialog boxes 73
To access help information 77
Contents
8

Using the Command Line with the Mouse 78
To turn the command line on or off 78
To enter a command 79
To edit the command line using the command line pushbuttons 80
To edit the command line using the command line popup menu 81
To recall commands 82
To get help about the command line 82
Using the Command Line with the Keyboard 83
To enter multiple commands on one command line 83
To recall commands 84
To edit commands 84
To access on-line help information 85
Using Command Files 86
To start logging commands to a command file 89
To stop logging commands to a command file 89
To playback (execute) a command file 90
Using Pod Commands 91
To display the pod commands screen 92
To use pod commands 92
Forwarding Commands to Other HP 64700 Interfaces 93
To forward commands to the high-level debugger 93
To forward commands to the software performance analyzer 94
4 Configuring the Emulator
Using the Configuration Interface 99
To start the configuration interface 100
To modify a configuration section 102
To store a configuration 104
To change the configuration directory context 105
To display the configuration context 106
To access help information 106
To exit the configuration interface 107
To load a configuration 107
Contents
9

Modifying the General Configuration Items 108
To select the emulator clock source 108
To enable/disable entry into the monitor after configuration 109
To restrict the emulator to real-time runs 110
To turn OFF the restriction to real-time runs 111
To select the inverse assembly syntax 111
Selecting the Emulation Monitor Program 112
To use the background monitor program 115
To use a foreground monitor program 116
Mapping Memory 120
To map memory ranges 121
To characterize unmapped ranges 123
To delete memory map ranges 124
To map memory ranges that use function codes 125
Configuring the Emulator Pod 127
To enable/disable bus arbitration 128
To specify the analyzer’s response to bus arbitration 129
To enable/disable emulation memory synchronization 130
To enable/disable /BERR connection to target system 131
To enable/disable response to target system interrupts 132
To select the normal or dedicated interrupt mode 132
To set the reset value for the Supervisor Stack Pointer 133
To set the processor data bus width 134
To specify the target memory access size 134
To select /IACK7 or PB0 135
To drive background cycles to the target system 135
To stop driving background cycles to the target system 136
To specify /DTACK sources for chip selects 137
Setting the Debug/Trace Options 138
To enable/disable breaks on writes to ROM 138
To specify which TRAP instruction is used for software breakpoints 139
To include/exclude background states in the trace 140
Contents
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5 Plugging into a Target System
Connecting the Emulator Probe 143
Step 1. Turn OFF power 144
Step 2. Connect the probe to the target system 145
Step 3. Turn ON power 147
If you need a PQFP connector 148
Configuring the Emulator for In-Circuit Operation 149
Step 1. Understand the important concepts 150
Step 2. Set up your chip-selects 152
Step 3. Reprogram chip-select base addresses 155
Step 4. Know your interrupt mode 158
Step 5. Decide whether to use the foreground monitor 160
Step 6. Set up the emulator for the foreground monitor 161
Step 7. If you use the 68302 built-in DRAM refresh 166
Step 8. Set up the DTACK signals 167
Step 9. If emulator status shows HALTED 169
Step 10. Choose the correct target memory access size 173
Step 11. Check your DTACK pullup resistor! 174
If you have problems 175
6 Using the Emulator
Loading and Storing Absolute Files 181
To load absolute files 181
To load absolute files without symbols 182
To store memory contents into absolute files 182
Using Symbols 183
To load symbols 183
To display global symbols 184
To display local symbols 185
To display a symbol’s parent symbol 189
To copy-and-paste a full symbol name to the entry buffer 190
Contents
11

Using Context Commands 191
To display the current directory and symbol context 192
To change the directory context 192
To change the current working symbol context 193
Executing User Programs 194
To run programs from the current PC 194
To run programs from an address 195
To run programs from the transfer address 195
To run programs from reset 195
To run programs until an address 196
To stop (break from) user program execution 197
To step high-level source lines 197
To step assembly-level instructions 198
To reset the emulation processor 199
Using Software Breakpoints 200
To display the breakpoints list 202
To enable/disable breakpoints 203
To set a permanent breakpoint 205
To set a temporary breakpoint 206
To set all breakpoints 207
To deactivate a breakpoint 207
To re-activate a breakpoint 208
To clear a breakpoint 210
To clear all breakpoints 212
Displaying and Modifying Registers 213
To display register contents 216
To modify register contents 217
Displaying and Modifying Memory 218
To display memory 218
To display memory in mnemonic format 219
To return to the previous mnemonic display 219
To display memory in hexadecimal format 220
To display memory in real number format 221
To display memory at an address 222
To display memory repetitively 223
To modify memory 223
Contents
12

Displaying Data Values 224
To display data values 224
To clear the data values display and add a new item 225
To add items to the data values display 225
Changing the Interface Settings 226
To set the source/symbol modes 226
To set the display modes 227
Using System Commands 229
To set UNIX environment variables 229
To display the name of the emulation module 230
To display the event log 230
To display the error log 231
To edit files 232
To copy information to a file or printer 235
To open a terminal emulation window 236
Using Simulated I/O 237
To display the simulated I/O screen 237
To use simulated I/O keyboard input 238
Using Basis Branch Analysis 239
To store BBA data to a file 239
7 Using the Emulation Analyzer
The Basics of Starting, Stopping, and Displaying Traces 243
To start a trace measurement 244
To display the trace status 244
To stop a trace measurement 247
To display the trace 248
To position the trace display on screen 249
To change the trace depth 250
To modify the last
trace command entered 250
Contents
13

Qualifying Trigger and Store Conditions 251
To qualify the trigger state and position 256
To trigger on a number of occurrences of some state 259
To qualify states stored in the trace 260
To prestore states before qualified store states 261
To change the count qualifier 262
To trace until the analyzer is halted 264
To break emulator execution on the analyzer trigger 265
Using the Sequencer 266
To trigger after a sequence of states 266
To specify a global restart state 268
To trace "windows" of program execution 269
Modifying the Trace Display 271
To display the trace about a line number 272
To display the trace, disassembling from a line number 273
To display the trace in absolute format 274
To display the trace in mnemonic format 275
To display the trace with high-level source lines 276
To display the trace with symbol information 278
To change column widths in the trace display 279
To display time counts in absolute or relative format 280
To display the trace with addresses offset 281
To return to the default trace display 282
To display external analyzer information 283
Saving and Restoring Traces 284
To save trace commands 284
To restore trace commands 285
To save traces 286
To restore traces 287
8 Making Software Performance Measurements
Activity Performance Measurements 291
To set up the trace command for activity measurements 293
To initialize activity performance measurements 294
To interpret activity measurement reports 298
Contents
14

Duration Performance Measurements 306
To set up the trace command for duration measurements 307
To initialize duration performance measurements 309
To interpret duration measurement reports 311
Running Measurements and Creating Reports 315
To run performance measurements 315
To end performance measurements 316
To create a performance measurement report 317
9 Using the External State Analyzer
Setting Up the External Analyzer 321
To connect the external analyzer probe to the target system 322
Configuring the External Analyzer 325
To control the external analyzer with the emulator/analyzer interface 326
To specify the threshold voltage 327
To specify the external analyzer mode 328
To specify the slave clock mode 329
To define labels for the external analyzer signals 332
10 Making Coordinated Measurements
Setting Up for Coordinated Measurements 339
To connect the Coordinated Measurement Bus (CMB) 339
To connect to the rear panel BNC 341
Starting/Stopping Multiple Emulators 343
To enable synchronous measurements 343
To start synchronous measurements 344
To disable synchronous measurements 344
Contents
15

Using Trigger Signals 345
To drive the emulation analyzer trigger signal to the CMB 347
To drive the emulation analyzer trigger signal to the BNC connector 348
To drive the external analyzer trigger signal to the CMB 348
To drive the external analyzer trigger signal to the BNC connector 349
To break emulator execution on signal from CMB 349
To break emulator execution on signal from BNC 350
To break emulator execution on external analyzer trigger 350
To arm the emulation analyzer on signal from CMB 351
To arm the emulation analyzer on signal from BNC 351
To arm the emulation analyzer on external analyzer trigger 352
To arm the external analyzer on signal from CMB 352
To arm the external analyzer on signal from BNC 353
To arm the external analyzer on emulation analyzer trigger 353
11 Setting X Resources
To modify the Graphical User Interface resources 358
To use customized scheme files 362
To set up custom action keys 364
To set initial recall buffer values 365
To set up demos or tutorials 367
Part 3 Reference
12 Emulator/Analyzer Interface Commands
How Pulldown Menus Map to the Command Line 374
How Popup Menus Map to the Command Line 379
Syntax Conventions 381
Commands 382
break 383
bbaunld 384
cmb_execute 385
copy 386
copy local_symbols_in 389
Contents
16

copy memory 390
copy registers 392
copy trace 393
display 394
display data 396
display global_symbols 399
display local_symbols_in 400
display memory 401
display registers 405
display simulated_io 406
display software_breakpoints 407
display trace 408
end 412
--EXPR-- 413
FCODE 416
forward 418
help 419
load 421
log_commands 423
modify 424
modify configuration 425
modify keyboard_to_simio 426
modify memory 427
modify register 430
modify software_breakpoints 431
performance_measurement_end 433
performance_measurement_initialize 434
performance_measurement_run 436
pod_command 438
QUALIFIER 440
RANGE 442
reset 445
run 446
SEQUENCING 448
set 450
specify 455
STATE 457
step 459
stop_trace 461
store 462
--SYMB-- 464
Contents
17

trace 471
TRIGGER 474
wait 476
WINDOW 478
13 Error Messages
Graphical/Softkey Interface Messages - Unnumbered 483
Graphical/Softkey Interface Messages - Numbered 500
Terminal Interface Messages 503
Emulator Messages 503
68302 Emulator Messages 506
General Emulator and System Messages 510
Analyzer Messages 523
14 Specifications and Characteristics
Emulator Specifications and Characteristics 528
Processor Compatibility 528
Electrical 528
Physical 533
Environmental 534
Part 4 Concept Guide
15 Concepts
X Resources and the Graphical User Interface 539
X Resource Specifications 539
How X Resource Specifications are Loaded 541
Scheme Files 543
Contents
18

Part 5 Installation Guide
16 Installation
Installing Hardware 552
Step 1. Install Boards into the HP 64700 Card Cage 553
Step 2. Apply power to the HP 64700 566
Connecting the HP 64700 to a Computer or LAN 570
Installing HP 9000 Software 571
Step 1. Install the software from the media 571
Step 2. Verify the software installation 573
Step 3a. Start the X server and the Motif Window Manager (mwm) 574
Step 3b. Start HP VUE 574
Step 4. Set the necessary environment variables 574
Installing Sun SPARCsystem Software 577
Step 1. Install the software from the media 577
Step 2. Start the X server and OpenWindows 578
Step 3. Set the necessary environment variables 578
Step 4. Verify the software installation 580
Step 5. Map your function keys 581
Verifying the Installation 582
Step 1. Determine the logical name of your emulator 582
Step 2. Start the interface with the emul700 command 583
Step 3. Exit the Graphical User Interface 586
Glossary
Index
Contents
19

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