HP 64700 series User manual

1HP 64000-UX
CASE Solutions for Microprocessors
HP 64700-Series
Analyzer
Softkey Interface User’s Guide
HP Part No. 64700-97005
Printed in U.S.A.
September 1992
Edition 4

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furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
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ofitssoftware on equipment that is not furnished by
Hewlett-Packard.
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1Printing History Neweditions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on
the title page changes onlywhen a newedition is published.
A software code maybe printed before the date;thisindicatesthe
version level ofthe software product at the time the manual was
issued. Manyproduct updates and fixes do not require manual
changes and, conversely, manual corrections maybe done without
accompanyingproduct changes. Therefore, do not expect a one to
one correspondence between product updatesand manual
revisions.
Edition 1
Edition 2
Edition 3
Edition 4
64740-90910 E1188, November 1988
64740-97002, August 1989
64700-97001, February1990
64700-97005, September 1992

Using this Manual
This manual will show you how to use the HP 64700-Series
analyzer with the host computer SoftkeyInterface.
This manual will:
Brieflyintroduce the analyzer and its features.
Showyou howto use the analyzer in itssimplest, power-up
condition. From there, it will progressively show you how
and whyyou would use additional trace commands.
Showyou howto use the trace displayoptions.
Showyou howto connect the external analyzer probe to
target system signalsand howto configure and use the
external analyzer.
Showyou howto set up the analyzer trigger to break the
emulator into the monitor program.
Showyou howto drive externalCoordinated
Measurement Bus (CMB) or BNC trigger signals with the
analyzer trigger.
Showyou howto use the TimingAnalyzer Softkey
Interface.
This manual will not:
Showyou howto use everySoftkeyInterface command
and option; the SoftkeyInterface is described in the
Softkey Interface Reference.
Showyou howto use coordinate measurements between
multiple emulators; specifics on background,
specificationsand use are described in the "Coordinated

Measurements"chapter of the HP64700-Series Emulators
Softkey Interface Reference.
1Organization
Chapter 1 Introducing the Analyzer. This chapter lists the basic features of
the analyzer. The following chapters showyou howto use these
features.
Chapter 2 Getting Started. This chapter showsyou howto use the analyzer
from its simplest power-up condition to specifyingtrigger
conditions,storage qualifiers, prestore qualifiers, and count
qualifiers.
Chapter 3 Displaying Traces. This chapter describes options available when
displaying the trace.
Chapter 4 Making Software Performance Measurements. This chapter
describes software performance measurements, describes the steps
in making measurements with the Software Performance
Measurement Tool (SPMT), and shows you example
measurements made on the demo program.
Chapter 5 Using the External Analyzer. This chapter shows you howto
connect the external analyzer probe to target system signals and
howto configure and use the external analyzer.
Chapter 6 Timing:Introduction. This chapter introduces the external timing
analyzer and describes its features.
Chapter 7 Timing:Getting Started.Thischapter shows you howto start up
the timing analyzer SoftkeyInterface and howto do a simple
timing measurement.

Chapter 8 Timing: Using the Analyzer. This chapter reviews the functions of
the timing analyzer, gives specificinformation on the use of each of
the functions, and gives examples.
Chapter 9 Timing: Commands. This chapter furnishes a reference for each of
the timing analyzer SoftkeyInterface commands, describes the
command using syntaxdiagrams,provides a detailed description
for each of the parameters, and follows up with examples for the
use of the command.
Appendix A External Analyzer Specifications.
Appendix B Timing Output and Display.
Appendix C Timing Messages.
Appendix D Accurate Timing Measurements.

1Conventions Example commands throughout the manual use the following
conventions:
bold Commands, options, and parts of command
syntax.
bold italic Commands, options, and parts of command
syntaxwhich may be entered by pressing
softkeys.
normal User specified parts of a command.
$Represents the HP-UX prompt. Commands
which followthe "$"are entered at the
HP-UX prompt.
<RETURN> The newline key.

Contents
1 Introducing the Analyzer
Analyzer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Simple Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Trace Storage,Prestore,and Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Sequencer and Windowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Coordinated Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Performance Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
External Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Timing Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
2 Getting Started
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
The Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Description of the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Before You Can Use the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Load the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Run the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
The Default Trace Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Displaying the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Expressions in Trace Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Qualifying the Trigger Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Trigger Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Trace List Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
ModifyingPrevious Trace Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Command Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Trace ModifyCommand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SpecifyingStorage Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Prestoring States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Changingthe Count Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Turning CountingOff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Contents-1

Triggeringon the Nth Occurrence ofa State . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Triggering on Multiple States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Using Address, Data, and Status Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Using the Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Specifying a Restart Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Tracing "Windows"of Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Storingand LoadingTrace Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Trace Commands in the Event Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Storingand LoadingTraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Stoppingthe Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Tracing on Halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
3 Displaying Traces
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Display Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Up/Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Left/Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Changing the Trace Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Displaying About a Line Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Disassembling the Trace Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Displaying in Absolute Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Displaying in Mnemonic Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
IncludingHigh-Level Source Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Additional Optionswith Source On/Only. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Inverse Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Tabs Are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Number of Source Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Including Symbol Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Changing Column Widths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
DisplayingCount Absolute/Relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Offsetting Address Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Returningto the Default Trace Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Displaying External Analyzer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Trace Status Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
4 Making Software Performance Measurements
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
ActivityMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Memory Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
2-Contents

Program Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Duration Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Module Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Module Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Using the Software Performance Measurement Tool . . . . . . . 4-5
SettingUp the Trace Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
ActivityMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Using Trace Commands Other than the Default. . . . . 4-6
Duration Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Initializing the Performance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Default Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Initialization with User Defined Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Address Range File Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Time Range File Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Selecting Duration Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Initialization with Global Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Initialization with Local Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Restoringthe Current Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Runningthe Performance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Ending the Performance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Using the "perf32"Report Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Options to "perf32" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Interpreting Reports of ActivityMeasurements . . . . . 4-12
Memory Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Program Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Relative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Absolute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Mean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Standard Deviation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Symbols Within Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Additional Symbols for Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Relative and Absolute Counts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Error Tolerance and Confidence Level. . . . . . . . . 4-14
Interpreting Reports of Duration Measurements . . . . . 4-15
Number of Intervals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Maximum Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Minimum Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Average Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Standard Deviation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Error Tolerance and Confidence Level. . . . . . . . . 4-16
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Contents-3

The SPMT Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Example of Compiling and Executing the Demo Program 4-19
Copying the Demo Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Compiling the Demo Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Copying the Default Emulator Configuration File. . . 4-19
Entering the Emulation System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Configuring the Emulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Loading the Demo Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Runningthe Demo Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
ActivityMeasurement Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Duration Measurement Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Prefetch and Recursion Considerations . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Example Duration Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
5 Using the External Analyzer
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Before You Can Use the External Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Assembling the Analyzer Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Connectingthe Probe to the Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
ConnectingProbe Wires to the Target System . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Configuring the External Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Should Emulation Control the External Bits? . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Threshold Voltage? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
External Analyzer Mode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Slave Clock Mode for External Bits? (State Mode Only) . . . 5-9
Edges of J (K,L,M) clock used for slave clock? . . . . . . 5-13
Defining External Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Configuring Interactive Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Using the Analyzer Trigger to Drive the External Analyzer 5-15
Saving the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
6 Timing:Introduction
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Features of the Timing Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Measurement Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Standard Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Glitch Capture Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Trace Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
The Trace Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
The Format Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
The Post-Process Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
4-Contents

The Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
The Trace List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
7 Timing:Getting Started
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Prerequisites for Using the Timing Analyzer SoftkeyInterface . 7-1
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Entering the Timing Analyzer SoftkeyInterface . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Makinga Simple Timing Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Entering Numerical Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
8 Timing:Using the Analyzer
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
MovingAround the Analyzer Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Referencing Analyzer Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Specifying Threshold Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Testing for Signal Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Managing Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Defining Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Modifying Label Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Deleting Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Renaming Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Selecting Measurement Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Selecting the Timing Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Standard Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Glitch Capture Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Selecting the Sample Period or Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Specifying the Trigger Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Trigger on Anything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Trigger on Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Trigger on Pattern Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Greater Than Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Less Than Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Trigger on AnyGlitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Qualifying Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Trigger Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Trigger Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Modifying the Trigger Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Startingand Stoppinga Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Execute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Execute Repetitively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Contents-5

Halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Using the Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Timing Diagram Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Signal Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Mark Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Statistical Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Reference Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Memory Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Presenting Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Moving the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
Showing Levels at the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Magnifying the Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Changing the Waveform Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Scrolling the Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Using the Trace List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Trace List Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Sample Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
Reference Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Statistical Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Cursor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Trace Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Displaying Trace Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Moving the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Scrolling the Trace List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Analyzing Trace Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Locating Events in Trace Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Marking Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23
Processing for Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Determining Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Choosing Statistics Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Interval Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Occurrence Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Excluding Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Logging Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
ComparingCurrent and Stored Measurements . . . . . . . . . 8-28
6-Contents

StoringMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Selecting a Compare File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
PresentingStored Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
CopyAnalyzer Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Copying Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Copying Trace Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Copying Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Ending a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Releasing the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Ending to Continue Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
Ending and Blocking other Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
Selecting the Measurement System or Another Module . . 8-33
9 Timing : Commands
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Softkey Interface Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Command Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Command Word Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Command Line Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Command Line Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Multiple Commands on One Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Change Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Filters and Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Help Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Oval-shaped Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Rectangular-shaped Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Summaryof Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
activity_test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
CURSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
define . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Contents-7

display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
execute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39
halt_repetitive_execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44
indicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48
magnify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49
mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
mode_is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-58
modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59
pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-60
pod_command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-61
post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-63
present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
process_for_data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
QUALIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-72
rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75
< ROLL> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-76
sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-78
statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-80
threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-83
trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-85
trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-86
wait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-90
waveform_size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-92
A External Analyzer Specifications
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
State Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Timing Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
B Timing Output and Diagrams
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Timing Diagram Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Graphics Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
TERM Shell Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
WMSCRN Shell Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
8-Contents

WMBASEFONT Shell Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Required Filesets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Using the Timing Analyzer Under the X Window System . . . B-4
DISPLAY Shell Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
WINDOWID Shell Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
LINES and COLUMNS Shell Variables . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
X Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Remote Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
ASCII Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
Default ASCII Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
Customizing the ASCII Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
Waveform Sizes and ASCII Characters . . . . . . . . . . B-9
Row Locations for Mark Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10
Row Locations for Cursor Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10
Characters to Define the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11
Assigning the TIMING_ASCII Shell Variable . . . . . . B-11
Printer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-12
Using Measurement Data in Hexadecimal . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13
Understanding the Measurement Data Output . . . . . . . B-13
Standard Mode Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13
Glitch Capture Mode Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14
Comparing Measurement Data to a Trace List . . . . . . . . B-15
C Timing Messages
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Informational Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
"Waiting for trigger" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
"External trace running" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
"External trace complete" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
"External trace halted" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
D Accurate Timing Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Time Interval Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Sample Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Interchannel Skew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Memory Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
Contents-9

Improvingthe AccuracyofTime IntervalMeasurements . . . D-3
Improvingthe AccuracyofMean Value Measurements . . . . D-4
Accuracyof Standard Deviation Measurements . . . . . . . . . D-5
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
Statistical Errors Caused bySampling Process . . . . . . . . . . D-6
Illustrations
Figure 2-1. Pseudo-Code Algorithm of Sample Program . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-2. Sample Program Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Figure 2-3. Sample Program Listing (Cont’d) . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Figure 3-1. Program Used for Example Displays . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Figure 4-1. Memory Activityand Program Activity . . . . . . . . 4-3
Figure 4-2. Demo Program Function Calls . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Figure 4-3. Example ActivityMeasurement . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Figure 4-4. Prefetch Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Figure 4-5. Example Duration Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
Figure 4-5. Example Duration Measurement (Cont’d) . . . . . 4-35
Figure 5-1. Assembling the Analyzer Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Figure 5-2. Attaching Grabbers to Probe Wires . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Figure 5-3. Removing Cover to Emulator Connector . . . . . . 5-4
Figure 5-4. Connectingthe Probe to the Emulator . . . . . . . . 5-5
Figure 5-5. Connectingthe Probe to the Target System . . . . . 5-6
Figure 5-6. Mixed Clock Demultiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Figure 5-7. Slave Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Figure 5-8. True Demultiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Figure 5-9. Interactive Measurement Configuration . . . . . . 5-15
Figure 6-1. Standard Data Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Figure 6-2. Glitch Capture Data Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . 6-4
Figure 8-1. Timing Diagram Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Figure 8-2. Trace List Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
Figure 8-3. Comparing Stored and Current Traces . . . . . . . 8-29
10-Contents

Tables
Table 9-1. SummaryofCommands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Table 9-2. Command Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Contents-11

1Notes
12-Contents