HP 3457A User manual

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HP 3457A Multimeter
Service Manual
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
Loveland Instrument Division
P.O. Box 301
Loveland, Colorado 80537
MANUAL PART NO. 03457-90011
MICROFICHE PART NO. 03457-99011
Printed in U.S.A. May
1986

HEWLETT
PACKARD
SAFETY SUMMARY
The following general safety precautionsmust be observedduring all phases of operation,service, and repair of this instrument.
Failure to comply with these precautionsor with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standardsof design,
manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Hewlett-Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer's failure
to comply with these requirements.
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT
To
minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected toan electr~calground
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
Do not operate the Instrument In the presence of flammable gases or fumes
Operation of any electrical
Instrument In such an envlronment constitutes a deflnlte safety hazard.
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS
Operating personnel must not remove Instrument covers. Component replacement and lnternal adjustments
must be made byquallfled maintenancepersonnel Under certaln condltlons, dangerous voltages may ex
1st even wlththe lnstrurnent swltched off. To avold
Injuries, always disconnect Input voltages and discharge
clrcults before touchlng them.
DO NOT SERVICE
OR ADJUST ALONE
Do not attempt Internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of
rendering flrst a~dand
resuscltatlon,
IS present.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS
OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT
Because of the danger of lntroduclng addltlonal hazards, do not Install substltute parts or perform any
unauthorized modlflcatlon to the Instrument Return the lnstrurnent to a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Ser-
vice Offlce for servlce and repalr to ensure that safety features are malntalned
DO NOT OPERATE A DAMAGED INSTRUMENT
Whenever ~t1s posslble that the safety protection features bullt Into thls Instrument have been lmpalred,
elther through physlcal damage, excessive moisture, or any other reason, REMOVE POWER and do not
use the Instrument untll safe operation can be verlfled by servlce-tra~nedpersonnel If necessary, return
the Instrumentto a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Servlce Offlce for servlce and repalr toensure that safety
features are malntalned.

HEWLETT
PACKARD
Operating and Safety Symbols
Symbols Used On Products And In Manuals
- LINE
4
AA
ATTENTION
Statlc Sensltwe
AC line voltage input receptacle.
Instruction manual symbol affixed to product. Cautions the user to refer to
respective instruction manual procedures to avoid possible damage to the
product.
Indicates dangerous voltage
- terminals connected to interior voltage
exceeding
1000 volts.
Protective conductor terminal. Indicates the field wiring terminal that must
be connected to earth ground before operating equipment
- protects against
electrical shock in case of fault.
Clean ground (low-noise). Indicates terminal that must be connected to
earth ground before operating equipment
- for single common connections
and protection against electrical shock in case of fault.
Frame or chassis ground. Indicates equipment chassis ground
terminal
- normally connects to equipment frame and all metal parts
Affixed to product containing static sensitive devices
- use anti-static
handling procedures to prevent electrostatic discharge damage to
components.
NOTE NOTE
Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that requires special
attention by the reader.
CAUTION CAUTION
Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could possibly
cause damage to equipment or permanent loss of data.
WARNING WARNING
Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could possibly
cause bodily injury or death.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section I Page
........ GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1
1-1 Introduction ..............1.1
.......... 1-3 Manual Description 1.1
......... 1-5 Instrument Description 1-2
......... 1-7 Safety Considerations 1.2
1-9 Instruments Covered by this Manual.
. 1.2
1-13 Specifications
............. 1-2
....... 1-15 Options and Accessories 1-24
1-17 Test Equipment
........... 1-25
Section
I1 Page
INSTALLATION
.............. 2.1
2-1 Introduction
.............. 2.1
2-3 Initial Inspection
............ 2.1
.......... 2-5 Preparation for Use 2.2
........ 2-8 Line Voltage Selection 2.2
............. 2-10 Power Cords 2.2
....... 2-12 Grounding Requirements 2.3
2-14 Bench Use
.............. 2.3
2-16 Rack Moiinting
............ 2.3
......... 2-18 Interface Connections 2.4
2-19 Control Interface
........... 2.4
........ 2-21 HP-1B Address Selection 2.4
2-23 Changing the Address from the
............. Front Panel 2.5
2-24 Changing the Address from the
.............. Controller 2.5
2-25 InstaHation of Options
......... 2.6
2-28 Rear Terminal Assembly Removal
. . 2.7
.... 2-30 Plug-In Assenlbly Installation 2.8
...
2-32 Plug-In Assen~blyConfig~~ration 2.9
2-38 Wiring Block Preparation
..... 2-1 1
Section I11 Page
OPERATION
................ 3.1
3-1 Introduction
.............. 3.1
3-3 General Information
.......... 3.1
3-4 AC Power
.............. 3.1
3-6 Power On
............... 3.1
................
3-9 Operation 3.1
3-1
1 Voltage Measurements ........ 3. 1
3-18 Resistance Measurements ....... 3.3
3-25 Current Measurements
........ 3.4
3-32
Frequent y /Period Measurements . . 3.6
3-39 HP 44491A General Purpose
Multiplexer
............. 3.6
3-45 HP44492A Reed Relay .......3.8
M~~ltiplexer
............. 3.8
Section 1V Page
.......... PERFORMANCE TESTS 4.1
4-
1 Introduction .............. 4.1
.........
4-3 Equipment Required 4.1
.............. 4-5 Test Record 4.1
...........
4-7 Calibration Cycle 4.1
.......... 4-9 Test Considerations 4.1
...............
4-10 General 4.1
4-12 Performance Tests
.......... 4.2
DC Voltage Performance Tests
....... 4.2
........... 4-13 Preliminary Steps 4.2
4-14 DC Voltage Function
. Offset Test . .4.2
. ... 4-16 DC voltage Function Gain Test 4.3
4-18 DC Voltage Function
. Linearity
Test
................. 4.4
.......
AC Voltage Performance Tests 4.4
. ... 4-20 AC Voltage Function Gain Test 4.4
4-22 AC Voltage Function
. Frequency
Response Test
............ 4.5
DC Current Performance Tests
....... 4.7
4-24 DC Current Function
. Offset Test . .4.8
4-26 DC Current Filnction
. Gain Test . .4.8
AC Current Performance Tests
....... 4.9
. ... 4-28 AC Current Function Gain Test 4.9
2-Wire Ohms Performance Tests
..... 4-10
4-30 2-Wire Ohms Function
. Offset
................ Test 4-10
4-32 2-Wire Ohms Function
. Gain Test . 4-1 1
..... 4-Wire Ohms Performance Tests 4-11
4-34 4-Wire Ohms Function
. Offset
................ Test 4-12
4-36 4-Wire Ohms Function
. Gain Test . 4-13
Frequency Counter Performance Tests
. . 4- 13
4-38 Frequency Counter
. Acwracy
................Test 4-14
Rear lnput Performance Tests (Standard
............ Instrument) 4-14
4-40 Preliminary Steps ..........4-14
4-41 DC Voltage Function
. Rear Terminal
Offset Test ............4-14
4-43 DC Ciu-rent Function
. Rear Terminal
............ Offset Test 4-15
4-45 2-Wire Ohms F~tnction . Offset
................ Test 4-15
4-47 4-Wire Ohms F~unction
. Offsct
Test
................ 4-16
Rear Input Performance Tests (4449
l A
General Purpose Relay Assy) ... 4-17
4-49 Preliminary Steps
.......... 4-17

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
Section 1V Page
PERFORMANCE TESTS (Cont'd)
4-50 DC Voltage Function
. 4449 1 A
Offset Test
............ 4-17
4-52 2-Wire Ohms Function
. 4449 1 A
Offset Test
............ 4-18
4-54 4-Wire Ohms Function
. 44491A
Offset Test
............ 4-18
4-56 DC Current Function
. 4449 1 A
Offset Test
............ 4-19
Rear Input Performance Tests (44492A
10 Channel Multiplex Assy)
.... 4-20
4-58 Preliminary Steps ..........4-20
4-59 DC Voltage Function
. 44492A
Offset Test
............ 4-20
4-61 2-Wire Ohms Function
. 44492A
............ Offset Test 4-2 1
4-63 Operational Verification Tests ... 4-22
DC Voltage Operational Verification
Tests
................ 4-22
4-65 Preliminary Steps
.......... 4-22
4-66 DC Voltage Function
. Offset Test . 4-22
4-68 DC Voltage Function
. Gain Test . . 4-23
AC Voltage Operational Verification
................ Tests 4-24
4-70 AC Voltage Function
. Gain Test . . 4-24
4-72 AC Voltage Function
. Frequency
........... Response Test 4-24
DC Current Operational Verification
................ Tests 4-25
4-74 DC Current Function
. Offset Test. 4-26
4-76 DC Current Function
. Gain Test . 4-26
AC Current Operational Verification
................ Tests 4-27
4-78 AC Current Function
. Gain Test. . 4-27
2-Wire Ohms Operational Verification
................ Tests 4-27
4-80 2-Wire Ohms F~~nction
. Offset
................ Test 4-27
4-82 2-Wire Ohms Function
. Gain Test . 4-28
4-Wire Ohms Operational Verificat'
on
................ Tests 4-29
4-84 4-Wire Ohms F~inction
. Offset
................ Test 4-29
4-86 4-Wire Ohms Function
. Gain Test . 4-30
Frequency Counter Operational
.........
Verification Tests 4-3 1
4-88 Frequency Counter . Accuracy
................
Test 4-31
Rear Input Operational Verification
....
Test (Standard Instrument) 4-32
Section 1V
PERFORMANCE TESTS (Cont'd)
4-90 Preliminary Steps
.......
4-91 DC Voltage Function . Rear
Terminal OFfset Test
....
4-93 DC Current Function . Rear
Terminal Offset Test
....
4-95 2-Wire Ohms Function . Reas
Terminal Offset Test
....
4-97 4-Wire Ohms Function . Real-
Terminal Offset Test
....
Rear Input Operational Verification
Page
. 4-32
. 4-33
. 4-33
. 4-33
. 4-33
Tests (4449
1 A General Purpose
Relay Assy)
........... 4-34
4-99 Preliminary Steps
......... 4-34
4-100 DC Voltage F~unction
. 44491A
Offset Test
........... 4-35
4-102 2-Wire Ohms Function
. 44491A
Offset Test
........... 4-35
4-104 4-Wire Ohms Function
. 44491A
Offset Test ...........4-35
4-106 DC Current Function
. 4449 l A
Offset Test ........... 4-36
Rear Input Operational Verificat'ton
Test (44492A 10 Channel Multiplex
Assy)
.............. 4-36
4-108 Preliminary Steps
......... 4-37
4-109 DC Voltage Function
. 44492A
Offset Test
........... 4-37
4-1 11 2-Wise Ohms Function
. 44492A
........ Offset Test Limits 4-37
Section V Page
CALIBRATION
.............. 5.1
5-1 Intsoduction
............. 5.1
5-4 Calibration Security
......... 5.1
5-6 Security Code
........... 5. I
5-8 Changing the Security Code .... 5.1
5-10 Calibration Number
......... 5.2
5-13 Preliminary Calibration
Procedures
............ 5.3
5-15 Input Amplifier Offset
............
Adjustments 5.4
5-17 AC Convertor Frequency
....... Response Adjustment 5.4
5-19 Calibration Procedures
. Front
Panel Inputs
............ 5.5
5-21 DC Volts Offset Calibration
.... 5.5
..... 5-23 DC Volts Gain Calibration 5.6
...
5-25 DC Volts Linearity Calibration 5.6

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
Section V Page
CALIBRATION (Cont'd)
5-27 2-Wire Ohms Offset Calibration
... 5.8
.... 5-29 2-Wire Ohms Gain Calibration 5.7
5-3
1 4-Wire Ohms Offset Calibration ... 5.8
.... 5-33 4-Wire Ohms Gain Calibration 5.9
...
5-35 DC Current Offset Calibration 5-10
.... 5-37 DC Current Gain Calibration 5-10
5-39 AC Volts Offset
& Gain
............
Calibration 5-11
.......
5-41 AC Current Calibration 5-11
.......
5-43 Frequency Calibration 5-12
5-45 Calibration Procedures Rear Panel
Inputs
............... 5-12
....
5-47 DC Volts Offset Calibration 5-12
5-49 2-Wire Ohms Offset Calibration
. . 5-13
5-51 4-Wire Ohms Offset Calibration
. . 5-14
...
5-53 DC Current Offset Calibration 5-14
5-55 Calibration Procedures
. 4449 1 A
General Purpose Relay Assy
... 5-15
...... 5-56 Wiring Block Preparation 5-15
....
5-58 DC Volts Offset Calibration 5-16
5-59 2-WireOhmsOffset Calibration
. . 5-17
5-60 4-Wire Ohms Offset Calibration
. . 5-17
...
5-61 DC Current Offset Calibration 5-17
5-62 Calibration Procedures
. 44492A
.... 10 Channel Milltiplex Assy 5-18
...... 5-63 Wiring Block Preparation 5-18
.... 5-65 DC Volts Offset Calibration 5-19
5-66 2-Wire Olms Offset Calibration
. . 5-19
Section V1 Page
REPLACABLE PARTS
........... 6.1
6-1 lntrodi~ction
.............. 6.1
......... 6-3 Ordering Infornlation 6.1
6-4 Listed Parts
............. 6.1
6-6 Non-Listed Parts
........... 6. 1
...... 6-8 Direct Mail Order System 6.1
6-1
1 Part Changes ............. 6.2
Section VI Page
REPLACABLE PARTS (Cont'd)
........... 6-13 Proprietary Parts 6.2
6-15 Disassembly/Assembly Procedures
. . 6.3
6-17 Rear Terminal Assembly Removal
. 6.3
6-19 Optional Plug-In Assembly
Removal
............... 6.3
......... 6-2 1 Top Cover Removal 6.4
6-25 Digital (A1) Assembly Renioval
... 6.4
6-27 Plug-In Support Assembly
Removal
............... 6.5
6-29 AC Convertor (A3) Assembly
Removal
............... 6.5
...
6-3 1 Analog (A2) Assembly Removal 6.5
........ 6-33 Front Panel Removal 6.6
Section V11 Page
........... MANUAL CHANGES 7.1
.............. 7-1 Introduction 7. 1
Section VllI Page
8-1 Introduction
.............. 8.1
......... 8-3 Safety Considerations 8.1
............
8-8 Static Handling 8.2
....
8-12 Recommended Test Equipment 8.2
......... 8-14 Theory of Operation 8.2
............. 8-15 Introduction 8.2
...... 8-18 Chassis Common Section 8.2
....... 8-23 Floating Comon Section 8.3
......... 8-32 Self Test Description 8.4
8-33 Power On Seq~lence
......... 8.4
8-36 Self Test
............... 8.5
8-39 Troi~bleshooting
............ 8.5
8-40 Introduction
............. 8.5
8-42 Al Assembly Failure Indications
. . 8.5
8-46 A2/A3 Assembly Failure
indications ............. 8.6
8-50 Replacement Procedures
...... 8.6

SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION
1-2. This manual contains information relating to the installation, operation, performance testing, calibration, and
service of the
HP 3457A Multimeter. The information is designed for the use of service trained personnel. Other
users should refer tothe
HP 3457A Operating Manual.
1-3. MANUAL DESCRIPTION
1-4. The following paragraphs provide a general description of the manual layout and content:
Section I. General Information
Section I contains a brief description of the manual, and a general description of the instrument. This
section also contains the instrument specifications and information concerning options and accessories.
Section II. InstallationProcedures
Section 11 contains information to prepare the HP 3457A for use. Included in this section is power
requirements, line voltage selection, and interfacing information.
Section Ill. Operating Instructions
Section I11 contains operating instructions necessary to service the HP 3457A. These operating instruc-
tions are a condensed version of those contained in the Operating, Programming and Configuration
Manual.
Section IV. Performance Tests
Section IV contains information and procedures required to test the HP 3457A to its rated specifica-
tions. Also included
in this section is a condensed version of the performance test (operational verifica-
tion test) which will provide a more rapid test and give a
90% confidence that the instrument will meet
its specifications.
Section V. Calibration
Section V contains procedures required to calibrate the HP 3457A to its rated specifications.

General Tnformation
Section VI. Replaceable Parts
Section VI lists part numbers for cabinet parts and printed circuit assemblies.
Section VII. Manual Backdating
Section VII contains information required to adapt this manual to instruments whose serial numbers are
lower than those listed on the title page.
Section VIII. Service
Section VIIl contains a block diagram theory of operation, schematic diagrams, and procedures to aid in
troubleshooting the HP
3457A.
1-5. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
1-6. The HP 3457A is a versatile high precision digital multimeter which measures ac or dc volts, ac or dc current,
ac+dc volts or current, resistance, freq~~encyand period. It measures voltages up to 300 Vac or 300 Vdc with high
dc resolution and accuracy. The instrument is designed for both bench and system use. Program and reading
storage are included to allow high speed measuren~entapplications with reading rates of greater-than 1000 read-
ings per second. Provision has been made for optional assemblies such as
a general purpose scanner or m~rltiplexer
assembly.
1-7. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1-8. The HP 3457A is a safety class 1 instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). The instrument and
manual should be reviewed for safety markings and instructions before operation. Refer to the Safety S~rmmary
preceding this section for appropriate safety instructions and markings covering this instrument.
1-9. INSTRUMENTS COVERED BY THIS MANUAL
1-10. Instruments covered by this manual are identified by a serial number prefix listed on the title page.
Hewlett-Packard uses a two part serial number in the form
XXXXAYYYYY, where xxxx is the serial prefix, A is the
country of origin (A=USA) and
YYYYY is the serial suffix. The serial number prefix identifies a series of identical
instruments. The serial number suffix is assigned sequentially and is unique to each instrument.
1-1 1. If the serial number prefix of your instrument is greater than the one listed on the title page, a yellow
Manual Changes supplement will explain how to adapt this manual to your instrument.
1-12.
If the serial number prefix of YOLII. instrument is lower than the one listed on the title page, information
contained in Section
VII (Manual Backdating) will explain how to adapt this manual to your instrument.
1-1 3. SPECIFICATIONS
1-14. Specifications for the HP 3457A Multimeter are listed in Table 1-1. These specifications are the perfor-
mance standards which the instrument is guaranteed to meet.

3457A General Information
Table 1-1. Specifications
DC VOLTS
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
MAX
I MUM
READ
1 NG
3.030000 V
RESOLUTION
6 1/2 digits
5 1/2 digits 4 1/2 digits
3 1/2 digits
INPUT RESISTANCE (OHMS):
30 millivolt through 3 volt range - 10 gigaohms
30 volt and 300 volt range - 10 megohms (+/- 1%)
MAXIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE: (non-destructive)
HI or LO to Earth Ground: * 450V peak
MEASUREMENT ACCURACY:
f(% of reading + Number of Counts)
Auto-Zero ON
24 HOUR: Tcal * 1 OC 2 hour warm-up Accuracy relative to calibration standard
24 hour specifications apply if the instrument is calibrated between 90 and 100% of
full-scale. For calibration between
33 and 90% of full-scale, add .00015% to % Reading.
RANGE
30 mV
300 mV
3 v
30 V
300 V
t READING
0.0012
0.0005
0.00035
O.OOO65
O.OO25
100
PLC*
6 1/2 digits
NUMBER OF COUNTS
10 PLC*
6 1/2 digits
1 PLC*
6 1/2 digits
.005 PLC*
4 1/2 digits
.I PLC*
5 1/2 digits
.0005 PLC*
3 1/2 digits
90 DAY: Tcal 5 5'~After 1 hour warm-up
RANGE
I % READING I
NUMBER OF COUNTS
100 PLC*
6 1/2 digits
.005 PLC*
1/2 digits
10 PLC*
6 1/2 digits
.0005 PLC*
3 1/2 digits
1 PLC*
6 1/2 digits
.I PLC*
5 1/2 digits