HT T2000 User manual

Copyright HT ITALIA 2019 Release EN 3.06 - 10/05/2019
ENGLISH
User manual

T2000-T2100
EN – 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ................................................................2
1.1.Preliminary instructions........................................................................................................2
1.2.During use............................................................................................................................3
1.3.After use...............................................................................................................................3
1.4.Definition of measurement (overvoltage) category ..............................................................3
2.GENERAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................................4
2.1.Measuring average values and TRMS values .....................................................................4
2.2.Definition of true root mean square value and crest factor ..................................................4
3.PREPARATION FOR USE............................................................................................5
3.1.Initial checks ........................................................................................................................5
3.2.Instrument power supply......................................................................................................5
3.3.Storage ................................................................................................................................5
4.NOMENCLATURE ........................................................................................................6
4.1.Instrument description..........................................................................................................6
4.2.Description of function keys .................................................................................................6
4.3.Display description...............................................................................................................7
5.OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .....................................................................................8
5.1.Switching on/off the instrument............................................................................................8
5.2.Resistance measurement ....................................................................................................9
5.2.1.Operating principle ........................................................................................................................9
5.2.2.Clamp operation check................................................................................................................10
5.2.3.Methods for resistance measurement on earth rods ..................................................................11
5.2.3.1.Multiple-rod systems..................................................................................................................... 11
5.2.3.2.Systems composed of a single rod............................................................................................... 12
5.2.4.HOLD...........................................................................................................................................15
5.2.5.MEM ............................................................................................................................................15
5.2.6.Anomalous situations ..................................................................................................................15
5.3.Current measurement (T2000)...........................................................................................16
5.3.1.HOLD...........................................................................................................................................16
5.3.2.Anomalous situations ..................................................................................................................16
5.4.Leakage current measurement (T2000).............................................................................17
5.4.1.HOLD...........................................................................................................................................17
5.4.2.Anomalous situations ..................................................................................................................17
5.5.Managing the memory .......................................................................................................18
5.5.1.Storage of data in the memory....................................................................................................18
5.5.2.Recalling the results on the display.............................................................................................18
5.5.3.Deleting the internal memory ......................................................................................................19
5.6.Setting of alarm thresholds in resistance measurement ....................................................19
5.7.RS232 communication with a Master instrument (T2100) .................................................20
5.8.Disabling Auto Power OFF function...................................................................................21
5.9.Disabling sound function....................................................................................................21
6.MAINTENANCE ..........................................................................................................22
6.1.General information............................................................................................................22
6.2.Battery replacement...........................................................................................................22
6.3.Cleaning the instrument .....................................................................................................22
6.4.End of life ...........................................................................................................................22
7.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................23
7.1.Reference conditions .........................................................................................................23
7.2.Technical characteristics....................................................................................................23
7.2.1.Reference guidelines...................................................................................................................24
7.2.2.General characteristics................................................................................................................24
7.3.Environment.......................................................................................................................24
7.3.1.Environmental conditions for use ................................................................................................24
7.4.Accessories provided.........................................................................................................24
8.SERVICE.....................................................................................................................25
8.1.Warranty conditions ...........................................................................................................25
8.2.Service ...............................................................................................................................25

T2000-T2100
EN – 2
1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES
This manual refers to two models: T2000 and T2100. Further in this manual, the word
“instrument” will be used to generically refer to both models unless otherwise specified.
The instrument has been designed in compliance with directive IEC/EN61010-1 relevant to
electronic measuring instruments. For your safety and in order to prevent damaging the
instrument, please carefully follow the procedures described in this manual and read all
notes preceded by the symbol with the utmost attention. Before and after carrying out
the measurements, carefully observe the following instructions:
Do not carry out any current measurement in humid environments.
Do not carry out any measurements in case gas, explosive materials or flammables are
present, or in dusty environments.
Avoid any contact with the circuit being measured, even if no measurements are being
carried out.
Avoid any contact with exposed metal parts, with unused measuring probes, circuits, etc.
Do not carry out any measurement in case you find anomalies in the instrument such as
deformation, breaks, substance leaks, absence of display on the screen, etc.
In this manual, and on the instrument, the following symbols are used:
CAUTION: observe the instructions given in this manual; improper use could
damage the instrument, its components and create dangerous situations for the
operator.
This symbol indicates that the clamp can operate on live conductors
Double-insulated meter
Connection to earth
1.1. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
This instrument has been designed for use in environments of pollution degree 2.
The instrument can be used for Resistance measurements (T2000 and T2100) and AC
current measurements (T2000) on installations with measurement category CAT IV
300V, CAT III 600V to ground. For a definition of measurement categories, see § 1.4.
We recommend following the normal safety rules devised by the procedures for carrying
out operations on live systems and using the prescribed PPE to protect the user against
dangerous currents and the instrument against incorrect use.
The instrument can be used on TT, TN and IT electrical systems of industrial, civil,
medical or zoo-technical type, both under ordinary conditions where contact voltage limit
is 50V, and under special conditions where contact voltage limit is 25V.
We recommend following the normal safety rules devised to protect the user against
dangerous currents and the instrument against incorrect use.
Only the accessories provided together with the instrument will guarantee safety
standards. They must be in good conditions and replaced with identical models, when
necessary.
Do not test circuits exceeding the specified current limits (T2000).
Do not perform any test under environmental conditions exceeding the limits indicated in
this manual.
Check that the batteries are correctly inserted.

T2000-T2100
EN – 3
1.2. DURING USE
Please carefully read the following recommendations and instructions:
CAUTION
Failure to comply with the Caution notes and/or Instructions may damage the
instrument and/or its components or be a source of danger for the operator.
Operate the clamp lever twice before switching on the instrument, to make sure that the
clamp jaws are completely closed.
When switching on the instrument, DO NOT operate the clamp lever and do not clamp
any cable.
Avoid measuring resistance if external voltages are present. Even if the instrument is
protected, excessive voltage could cause malfunctions.
During current measurement (T2000), any other current near the clamp may affect
measurement precision.
When measuring current (T2000), always put the conductor as near as possible to the
middle of the clamp jaw, to obtain the most accurate reading.
While measuring, if the value of the quantity being measured remains unchanged, check
if the HOLD function is enabled.
CAUTION
If the symbol “ ” is displayed during use, interrupt testing, disconnect the
instrument from the system, switch off the instrument and replace its batteries
(see § 6.2).
1.3. AFTER USE
When measurements are completed, switch off the instrument by pressing and holding
(>2s) the ON/OFF key (see § 5).
If the instrument is not to be used for a long time, remove the batteries.
1.4. DEFINITION OF MEASUREMENT (OVERVOLTAGE) CATEGORY
Standard “IEC/EN61010-1: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use, Part 1: General requirements” defines what measurement
category, commonly called overvoltage category, is. § 6.7.4: Measured circuits, reads:
Circuits are divided into the following measurement categories:
Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of the low-
voltage installation.
Examples are electricity meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection
devices and ripple control units
Measurement category III is for measurements performed on installations inside
buildings.
Examples are measurements on distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring, including
cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches, socket-outlets in the fixed installation, and
equipment for industrial use and some other equipment, for example, stationary motors
with permanent connection to fixed installation
Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly connected
to the low-voltage installation.
Examples are measurements on household appliances, portable tools and similar
equipment.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to MAINS.
Examples are measurements on circuits not derived from MAINS, and specially protected
(internal) MAINS-derived circuits. In the latter case, transient stresses are variable; for
that reason, the standard requires that the transient withstand capability of the equipment
is made known to the user.

T2000-T2100
EN – 4
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
T2000 allows carrying out the following functions:
Resistance measurement on earth rods with resistive loop method
Direct measurement on earth probes without any cable interruption
Measurement of leakage current on earth systems (T2000)
Setting of alarm thresholds on measurements
Storage of measurement results
Download to MASTER instrument by means of RS232 port (T2100) of resistance values
and all measurements stored in the instrument’s memory
There are 7 multifunction keys on the instrument. The selected quantity appears on the LCD
display with the indication of the measuring unit and of the enabled functions. The
instrument is also equipped with an Auto Power OFF device which automatically switches
off the instrument approx. 5 minutes after the last time a function key was pressed or the
clamp was opened, and with an LCD backlight to carry out measurements even in poorly
illuminated environments.
2.1. MEASURING AVERAGE VALUES AND TRMS VALUES
Measuring instruments of alternating quantities are divided into two big families:
AVERAGE-VALUE meters: instruments measuring the value of the sole wave at
fundamental frequency (50 or 60 Hz)
TRMS (True Root Mean Square) VALUE meters: instruments measuring the TRMS
value of the quantity being tested.
With a perfectly sinusoidal wave, the two families of instruments provide identical results.
With distorted waves, instead, the readings shall differ. Average-value meters provide the
RMS value of the sole fundamental wave; TRSM meters, instead, provide the RMS value of
the whole wave, including harmonics (within the instrument’s bandwidth). Therefore, by
measuring the same quantity with instruments from both families, the values obtained are
identical only if the wave is perfectly sinusoidal. In case it is distorted, TRMS meters shall
provide higher values than the values read by average-value meters.
2.2. DEFINITION OF TRUE ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE AND CREST FACTOR
The root mean square value of current is defined as follows: “In a time equal to a period, an
alternating current with a root mean square value with an intensity of 1A, circulating on a
resistor, dissipates the same energy that, during the same time, would have been dissipated
by a direct current with an intensity of 1A”. This definition results in the numeric expression:
G= 
Tt
t
dttg
T
0
0
)(
12The root mean square value is indicated with the acronym RMS.
The Crest Factor is defined as the relationship between the Peak Value of a signal and its
RMS value: CF (G)=
RMS
p
G
GThis value changes with the signal waveform, for a purely
sinusoidal wave it is 2=1.41. In case of distortion, the Crest Factor takes higher values as
wave distortion increases.

T2000-T2100
EN – 5
3. PREPARATION FOR USE
3.1. INITIAL CHECKS
Before shipping, the instrument has been checked from an electric as well as mechanical
point of view. All possible precautions have been taken so that the instrument is delivered
undamaged. However, we recommend rapidly checking it to detect any damage possibly
suffered during transport. In case anomalies are found, immediately contact the dealer We
also recommend checking that the packaging contains all components indicated in § 7.4 In
case of discrepancy, please contact the dealer. In case the instrument should be returned,
please follow the instructions given in § 7.
3.2. INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY
The instrument is supplied by alkaline batteries (see § 7.2.2). When batteries are flat, the
flat battery symbol “ ” appears on the display. Replace/insert the batteries by following
the instructions given in § 6.2.
3.3. STORAGE
In order to guarantee precise measurement, after a long storage time under extreme
environmental conditions, wait for the instrument to come back to normal conditions (see §
7.3).

T2000-T2100
EN – 6
4. NOMENCLATURE
4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
CAPTION:
1. Double input clamp
2. HOLD key
3. Jaw trigger
4. key
5. Akey (T2000),
RS232 key (T2100)
6. key
7. ON/OFF key
8. MEM key
9. AL key
10.LCD display
11.RS232 half-duplex
interface (T2100)
12.Battery cover
Fig. 1: Instrument description
4.2. DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION KEYS
Function key Description
HOLD Enables/disables “HOLD” function
Enables/disables display backlight
A
RS232
Switches to current measuring mode (T2000)
Switches to RS232 mode (T2100)
Increases the alarm threshold value for resistance
measurements and is used in memory recall mode

Switches to resistance measuring mode
Decreases the alarm threshold value for resistance
measurements and is used in memory recall mode
ON/OFF Switches the instrument on/off (bypressing and holding >2s)
AL Enables/disables the alarm function for resistance measurements
Sets alarm thresholds (by pressing and holding >2s)
MEM Saves data in the memory (max 99 locations)
Switches to memory recall mode (bypressing and holding > 2s)

T2000-T2100
EN – 7
4.3. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
CAPTION:
1. Active buzzer
2. Symbol of active Data HOLD function
3. Symbol of noise
4. Symbol of open clamp
5. Symbol of wait
6. Symbol of activeRS232 (T2100)
7. Current measuring unit (T2000)
8. Resistance measuring unit
9. Battery level percentage
10.Alarm resistance unit
11.Alarm resistance threshold or battery
level percentage value
12.Activated alarm symbol
13.Low battery indication
14.Auto Power Off symbol
15.Active memory location
16.Memory Recall mode symbol
17.Memory data symbol
18.Main display
Fig. 2: Display description
Symbol Description of special symbols
This symbol indicates the communication mode to a MASTER instrument
(T2100)
This symbol is displayed when the instrument’s clamp is open or not
completely closed while measuring resistance. Should this symbol be
displayed continuously, the clamp may be damaged. In this case, it is
necessary to stop measuring.
This message is displayed when, during the initial instrument’s
calibration process the clamp is opened. After the clamp is closed, the
calibration process starts once again automatically from the beginning.
This message appears on the display if, at the end of the 9 initial steps,
the instrument indicates the initial calibration process failed. Switch off
and on the instrument and perform a new calibration. If the message
appears again contact the service assistance
This symbol is shown when battery level percentage is under 25%. In
this case, measurement accuracy is not granted and batteries must be
replaced.
This symbol indicates overload conditions during resistance
measurement.
This symbol indicates overload conditions during current measurement.
(T2000)
This symbol indicates sound function is on.
This symbol indicates memory location
This symbol indicates memory recall mode
This symbol indicates noise is present and will affect the accuracy of
resistance measurement.

T2000-T2100
EN – 8
5. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
5.1. SWITCHING ON/OFF THE INSTRUMENT
CAUTION
When switching on the instrument, do not operate the clamp lever, do not
open the clamp and do not clamp any cable
When message “OL ” appears on the display, it is possible to open the
clamp and to clamp a cable being measured
After switching on the instrument, keep it under normal conditions without
applying any pressure on the clamp in order to maintain measuring
accuracy
The normal function of the product may be disturbed by strong electro-
magnetic interference. If so, simply reset the product to resume normal
operation by following the instruction manual. In case the function cannot
resume, please use the product in other locations
1. Open and close gently the jaws twice before switching on the instrument in order
to check that the clamp closes properly
2. Press the ON/OFF key to switch on the instrument. In a sequence, the instrument
displays:
The screen with all existing symbols (see Fig. 3 – left side)
The screen with the loaded firmware version (see Fig. 3 – central part)
Carries out the calibration process, showing a countdown which starts from “CAL.9”
and comes down to “CAL.0” (see Fig. 3 – right side).
Fig. 3: Sequence of screens upon switching on the instrument
3. If, during the instrument’s calibration process,
the clamp is opened before calibration process
is complete the “Err.0” message is displayed
(see Fig. 4). After the clamp is closed, the
calibration process starts once again
automatically from the beginning.
Fig. 4
4. At the end of the switching-on sequence,
under normal operating conditions, the screen
in Fig. 5 appears on the display, associated
with a continuous sound.
Fig. 5
5. Approximately 5 minutes after switching on the instrument, if it remains idle, or battery
electricity is lower than 5% an auto-power off procedure starts in order to spare the
charge of the internal batteries

T2000-T2100
EN – 9
5.2. RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
CAUTION
Measurements carried out by the instrument can be used to evaluate single
rods’ resistance values within an earth installation without disconnecting the
rods, assuming they do not affect each other.
5.2.1. Operating principle
The principle upon which the test carried out by the instrument is based is the “resistive loop
resistance measurement”, as shown in Fig.6
.
Fig. 6: Measurement of loop resistance
The inner part of the instrument is made of 2 jaws, one for current and one for voltage. The
voltage jaws generate a potential (E) on the loop during resistance (R) measurement. A
current (I) is consequently generated on the loop and is measured by the current jaws.
Based on the value of parameters E and I, the instrument displays the resistance R value
calculated as a ratio:
R = I
E