IBM 545 Output Punch 1 User manual

Reference Manual
IBM 545 Output Punch Models 1 and 2
aon

Preface
This reference manual describes the capabilities, operating
procedures, programming considerations, features and special
features of the IBM 545 Output Punch. It also contains the
information required by an operator or trainee to use the
545 efficiently. The reader is assumed to have at least an
introductory knowledge of data processing.
The manual has two major sections: Keypunch Mode and
Autopunch Mode. “Keypunch Mode” presents a complete
description of the 545 as a manual card punch. The reader
who is not familiar with IBM keypunch, machines (e.g. the
24/26, 29, or 534/536) should read this section first. Those
who have had experience with keypunch type machines may
prefer to proceed to “Autopunch Mode,” which presents a
complete description of the 545 as an output punch for
system use.
The user may or may not choose to use the power.and
signal resources of the 545 Output Punch. However, the
functions and procedures described in this manual are based
on the assumption that all power and signals necessary to
output punch operation originate in the 545.
Second Edition (June, 1968)
This is a major revision of, and obsoletes, A19-0029-0. The manual has been entirely
rewritten to reflect numerous additions and changes, and should be reviewed in its
entirety. Changes are periodically made to the specifications herein; any such changes
will be reported in subsequent revisions or Technical Newsletters.
Requests for copies of IBM publications should be made to*your IBM tepresentative
or to the IBM branch office serving your locality.
This manual has been prepared by the IBM Systems Development Division, Product
Publications, Dept. B98, PO Box 390, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 12602. Address com-
ments concerning the contents of this publication to this address.
©Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1968

‘@
IBM 545 Output Punch.
Features .
Special Features
Keypunch Mode .
FEATURES .
Programs .
Card Punching
Card Design .
Duplication
Skipping .
Keyboard...
OPERATING ELEMENTS»
Main Line Switch
Reading Board Desk
Card Hopper
Punch Station
Read Station
Card Stacker Ce ee
Backspace Key . . . 2. 1 1. ou Be BL,
Program Unit
Program Control Lever
Column Indicator
Pressure Roll Release Lever
Chip Box and Fuses
Keyboard
Functional Controls
PROGRAMMING
Program Card...
Field Definition (12, 4)
Automatic Skip (11,5)
Automatic Duplication (0,6)
Alphabetic Shift (1,7)
Program Drum . ,
Program Card Preparation .
Programming
Multiple Functions
Program Example .
Program Planning Card Form
OPERATIONS
Inserting Cards Manually ;
Procedure for Inserting Cards Manually
Numeric Punching with Program Control . .
Procedure for Numeric Punching with Program Control .
Alphabetic and Numeric Punching with Program Control .
Skip Key
Duplicate Key
Procedure for Alphabetic and Numeric Punching with
Program Control .
Frror Correction . .
Partially Prepunched Cards
Prepunched Master Card Insertion
mn
WO
SO
0
OO
OO
COM
CONDNATDADHD
ND
, Operating Suggestions
Engaging the Program Reading Mechanism
Starting a Punching Operation
Stopping a Punching Operation .
Clearing the Card Bed .
Removing a Card from the Center of the Card Bed
Removing a Card from the Left of the Card Bed .
Removing a Card from the Punch or Read Station
Spacing Over Columns
Multiple Punched Columns
Corner Cuts. .
Single Card Feeding
Keyboard Locking
Suspending Automatic Duplication « on First Card
SPECIAL FEATURES .
Auxiliary Duplication
Self-Checking
Operating Procedure .
Operating Suggestions
Modulus 10
Modulus 11
Autopunch Mode. re
Functions . . . . . . eee
Autopunching .
Duplication
Skipping .
Keyboard Control.
Program Control
Feed/Release/Space
Error Conditions .
Special Features .
Punch-81 Indication .
Auxiliary Drum
Read-In .
Self-Checking Number
Programming
Operations
Indicators .
Switches
Start Procedure
Keypunch/Autopunch Mode .
Printing .
Character Arrangements .
Keyboard Switches
Zero Print and Suppression
Ribbon Replacement .
Combination Keyboard.
48-Character Keyboard
64-Character Keyboard
index
Contents

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19
Basic to all IBM punched-card data processing is the IBM
card punch. The IBM 545 Output Punch (Frontispiece) is
the modern way to automatically prepare punched cards for
accounting operations.
The 545 Output Punch is available in two models, the
Model 1 is a nonprinting output punch, and the Model 2 is
a printing output punch.
The IBM 545 offers two modes of operation: autopunch
and keypunch. In autopunch mode, the 545 has the popular
features of other IBM output punches that are required for
_ producing punched card output of data from a data proces-
sing system or other unit and adds several new features.
In keypunch mode, the IBM 545 functions and operates
similar to the IBM 29 Card Punch, with program and key-
board control by the operator. Either, the 48- or 64-charac-
ter keyboard arrangement is available. |
FEATURES
e Output information received from the using system is
punched into a card by the 545 Model | at the rate of 20
columns per second (cps). The Model 2 punches and
prints the output at 18 cps.
e Autopunching may be interrupted and keypunching per-
formed in autopunch mode under control of the program
card and the system.
IBM 545 Output Punch
e Information may be duplicated from one card into the fol-
lowing card in a gangpunch operation under system or pro-
gram card control.
e Card columns may be skipped at the rate of 80 cps, again
under system or program card control.
e The using system may select either of two program levels
for control and may shift back and forth between program
levels during card punching.
e Card feeding, releasing, and spacing are also under control
of the using system.
e Cards may be punched manually from the keyboard when
the 545 is used as a standard keypunch.
- SPECIAL FEATURES
e Duplication of information from an auxiliary drum card,
or use of auxiliary drum card punching for control sig-
nals to the system. |
e Identification of selected cards with a specified punch ims.
column 81. :
e Utilizing the 545 as a system’s input card reader.
e Verifying while keypunching precoded numeric infornia-_ )
tion called self-checking numbers.
e Automatic generation of self-checking code numbers.
IBM 545 Output Punch 5

Keypunch Mode
CARD PUNCHING
Eighty columns on the card can be punched.
Each column has 12 punching positions: one each for
the digits 1 to 9, and one each for the zones 0, 11, and 12.
The 11-zone punch is sometimes referred to as X. The
digits are recorded by punching a single hole in the cor-
responding digit or zero position of the desired column.
A letter is a combination of one zone punch and one digit
punch in the desired column. For example, A is a 12-zone
and digit-1 punches, N is an 11-zone (X) and digit-5 punches,
and Z is a O-zone (zero) and digit-9 punches.
A special character is one, two, or three holes in the
desired column as shown in Figure 1. Punching two or
three holes in one column for a letter or special character is
automatic when the corresponding key is pressed.
The IBM 545 Output Punch may be used as a standard key-
punch by setting the autopunch/keypunch switch to key-
punch. This places the 545 in keypunch mode, electrically
isolated from an attached system (except the 48V power
supply). The interface cable need not be disconnected.
Operation as a keypunch is dependent upon the operator
and the program he selects.
Features
In keypunch mode, the 545 has the same features as other
IBM card punches, plus the unlimited use of two program
levels (except when the self-checking special feature is in-
stalled). The two independent programs provide greater
flexibility in application and operation of the card punch.
PROGRAMS ”
One of the most important features is the simple means of
setting up the 545 for automatic control of duplicating and
skipping operations. Each setup or program is made by
punching a card and mounting it on a program drum, which
is inserted in the machine.
On the 545 Output Punch, with unlimited use of two pro-
gram levels, each program card can contain two totally dif-
CARD DESIGN
The almost complete visibility of the cards in the card bed
facilitates the design and punching of dual cards and the
identification of prepunched cards into which more data
must be punched. Direct access to all parts of the card bed
ferent, complete 80-column programs. Either program can
be selected for card-to-card use by setting a program selec-
tion switch. If it is desired to use both program levels to
also permits easy manual insertion and removal of cards
when necessary.
Punched cards are usually designed so that each item (of
field) of information recorded in the card can be readily
identified. Figure 2 shows a card designed for use in sales
accounting application, and a typical invoice from which the
card was punched. |
control punching on a single card, alternations from pro-
gram to program can be made by program selection keys on
the keyboard. Programs can be alternated at’will,'during the
punching of a single card, by use of these keys.
Digits Letters. Special Characters
BLesste rat abCucrGHIIJELMAQR IRS TOV YS ne C41 Sagar pilates" >
SRLRRLEGI | LL
ERR ERGEE SRRGGLE
COCOMOCODKONONOCHONOODNDONDKDDOOOKOON RANMA Cocoon o onc ODOKOOOOCORRRRRRPoococooon0n
123-45 6 7 8 8 10M 12 13 14 1S 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 St 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 5860 61 82 63 64 65 G6 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 714 75 76 7) 78 79 80
POPTUB CTAB Baad
2222228 2222222222228 222222228 2222222222222 2222282222282 222222222
33333330333333333333833333333933333338333333333333833333303333330333330333333333
GAAAAGAADAAS AAA AAAAGADAAAAGAAANAAAAAAANAGAAAAAAAG GABA GAAAAMAGGAAAB AGA A ABA AE AA
STM SSS SSS SSM SSS SSS SMS SSS SSMS SSS SSS SSS SSMS SSS SSMS SSSSSMPSSSSSBS555555
BEGG GGECCGNCEGGECGEC CECH EGCGCECGMGCE6GCEMGCCEGGECSCCGEMECCSSGMCCEGGEMSGCCGMGGE6GEE
DUVTTTTTTT IMT ITT T TTT TTT IMT TTT TTT IMT TTT TTIW TTT
SEBREKKESLHMSESSESHSSSSHMSSSSBLREMSEELEKSMSSSSSSMME RECO RMR NSRRRRRRRROREES 8888
SQ9IGIIITIFIGPIITIIIITIIIIPIIFIIZIIPIIIIITIPA IG Ig9IIIIIIIIIIIII9IIIIgIIIIGIFIGGS
9
1:12 13 14 TURAALBATSAARWANVAGHUBVONLHMESTAEDITINSSIN VON TA EST AONNN BRT AM /
\
Figure 1. Card Codes and Graphics for 64-Character Set
tau 509!
6

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Figure 2. Document and Punched Card
The
card
contains,
in
punched-hole
form,
descriptive
in-
formation
such
as
customer
name,
customer
number,
and
location
printed
in
the
heading
of
the
invoice,
and
quanti-
tative
data
for
the
first
commodity
printed
in
the
body
of
the
invoice.
The
fields
on
the
card
are
in
the
same
sequence
as
the
corresponding
items
of
information
on
the
invoice.
This
simplifies
the
reading
of
the
original
document
as
the
information
is
being
punched.
ENDICOTT, N. Y.
CUSTOMER'S ORDER NO. 311 INVOICE DATE 12-31 INVOICE NO 12349
SOLD TO New Mexico Company
216 Wysor Building
Houston, Texas customer no, 99751
SHIP TO
Above Make all checks sacesman Macy-67
payable to
GENERAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
SHIPPED VIA Truck Prepaid Endicott, N. Y
TERMS 2% 10 Days Net 30
QUANTITY COMMODITY No. DESCRIPTION PRICE AMOUNT
Casters
ho 11202 Sq.* Shahk Swivel .83 33.20
75 13102 Flat Top Rigid 64 63.00
5 17203 Ext. Shank with Brk. 1.62 8.10,
2 32105 Bolt and Nut Shank 2.64 5.28 |
4 44104 Rnd. Spr. Ring Stem 3.51 14.04
ho 62110 Bolt and Nut Shank 7.25 290.00 *
Freight 78
ih ho
NEW MEX CO B97514114 99691 que Ml eailles4q0004 Ul 12 0g000aae0 -
| | s i | |
CUST.
[LOCATION)
wae]
&
>
DATE)
INV.
COM-
T
\s cusTanen s NO. “7 CITY 24 : 2 MO/DAY; No, QUANTITY Noaity AMOUNT AMOUNT
0000000000000000 00 09 0008 0000 0/0000 ofc 000 010 0 O10 OM 0 oo O10 Oo 00 OOM EMO 000 MOMMM0 00 Mo 000000)
19 3.4 5 6 7 B 9 iO 12 43 14:15 16 17f18 19 20 24 22 23 24 25 2% 27 26 2430 31 32 33 3435 37 38 3N40 41 42443 44145 46 47/48 49150 Si}o2 53 54 95 5€/57 58 59 GO 61/62 63 64 65 66/67 68 GB 70 11,72 73474 75 TE 7) 78473 BC
UTTER EER ETT
ot |
22222222 22222222722222222222 22222 2 2 2 22 2 2 22 212 2202222222212 2M 2M2 2222212 222227
33 Sales 43]333.3.3333H333)339.9 33 3}3 30/3 3 9)3M]3 3 313 SIM 3}3 93 3|3 33 3 33.3.3 3 3/3 3.3 MMS 319.99 9343:
.
I
441 Accounting [4444440444444 414444 IB a4 Ml ald 4 414 4d 4 ald aig aid 4 aM a4 4 oad 4a 4 a4 a 4 ola id a ag ata
j !
§955555558555555 59M 555055555 SIM 5 SB 515 5]5 5 5/5 5 515 515 5 5/5 515 5/5 5555/5555 5155555)555 5 515 51555 55,55
-
GEG GEEESESECE66 6G 6H 6656668 6616 666.66 616 6 COM ols GoM cls Gis Gls 6.66 6/5 6.66 6/5 666 615.65 6 616 6/6 66 6 616 6
|
PUTTTTTTTTTTT TTT TTT TT IMT 777 TTT aT OP 7 a 7 aT DTM 7 77 a7 77 7a 7 ay 7
BG EGEREE88 888808 B18 8888858885 8)8 88 8 1s als 8 als BM als 8 ole ale ola 8 8 8 gle 8 8 8 ala 8 8 8 gla 6 88 ole gle 88 80,88
~—-9999999999999999999999999999 9199 9 919 919 9 9M 9 919 919 9 9 391 .
Ke 364 se ? 8 $ 10 12:12 13 1415 16 a8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2) 2B 29430 31 Pbibdoadesdodeadteeskanaen esa oacusase ta akme natal
The
card
form
also
illustrates
other
operations
characteris-
tic
of
many
card-punching
jobs.
For
example,
columns
1-17
are
always
skipped;
columns
18-56
are
punched
in
the
first
card
for
an
invoice,
and
duplicated
into
all
other
cards
for
that
invoice;
and
columns
57-61,
a
five-column
field
in
which
the
quantities
are
variable,
are
always
keypunched.
Columns
74-80
(invoice
amount)
can
be
punched
in
some
cards
and
skipped
in
others.
Keypunch Mode 7

DUPLICATION
The 545 duplicates common information from any card
into the following card in a gangpunch operation. Duplica-
tion can be performed automatically (under program con-
trol) or manually (controlled from the keyboard). This
method of duplicating reduces manual keying of repetitive
data and consequently increases production. All characters
of the 64-character set can be duplicated and printed.
The duplicating feature greatly facilitates error correction
during punching. When an error is made, the operator need
not repunch the whole card manually. Instead, without any
card handling, the operator duplicates into the next card all
correctly punched fields and rekeys only the field in error.
The program control permits such duplication, field-by-field,
without concern about column numbers.
Duplicating under program control proceeds at a rate of
20 columns per second on the Model 1, and 18 columns per
second on the Model 2.
Note: Where two duplicating or punching speeds are indi-
cated in this publication, the lower speed refers to the
Model 2 and the higher speed refers to the Model 1.
SKIPPING
Card columns or fields that are not to be keypunched or
duplicated may be skipped. Skipping can be performed
Figure 3. Combination Keyboard
automatically (under program control) or manually (control-
led from the keyboard).
Skipping and card release proceed at a rate of 80 columns
per second. Release is keyboard controlled only and causes
the card to be “skipped out” past column 80. Programmed
auto-duplicate fields are duplicated during release.
KEYBOARD
The combination keyboard (Figure 3) can be either a 48-
character or 64-character arrangement, as described under
“Operating Elements.” The character arrangement chosen
determines the special character graphic that prints for the
various special-character punched-hole combinations.
The keyboard can be rotated on the desk (reading board)
for the operator’s greatest convenience and comfort. A |
group of the right-hand typewriter keys serves for punching
digits as well as letters, with the shift from one function to
the other normally made automatically by the program
card. This permits the operator to punch an alphabetic field
with both hands and then, without shifting from the home
position, to punch a numeric field with the right hand only.
Use of the right hand alone for numeric punching frees the
left hand for document handling.

(@
9
MAIN LINE SWITCH
The main line switch is on the front right side of the cabinet
under the keyboard. When the main line switch is turned
on, the machine is ready for immediate use.
Press the release key before starting operation (keypunch
mode) to ensure that the program card is at column 1.
READING BOARD DESK
The desk area provides ample work space for the source
documents from which the cards are punched. The keyboard
can be rotated on the desk to provide the greatest conven-
ience and comfort for the operator.
CARD HOPPER
The card hopper, which holds approximately 500 cards, is
on the upper right of the machine. The cards are placed in
the hopper, in front of the sliding pressure plate, face for-
ward, with the 9-edge down, and are fed front card first.
The sliding pressure plate assures uniform feeding.
To feed a card down from the hopper to the card bed, press
the feed key. The first two cards to be punched must be
fed by the feed key, but all other cards in the hopper can be
fed automatically under the control of the auto feed switch.
(See “Functional Controls.”) |
PUNCH STATION
Punching is performed at the first of two stations in the
card bed through which the cards pass from right to left.
To start a punching operation, press the feed key twice, this
feeds two cards into the card bed at the right of the punch
station. As the second card is fed in, the first card is auto-
matically registered for punching. The registering opera-
tion moves the card in position to punch column 1.
While the first card is being punched, the second card re-
mains at the right of the punch station, in the preregister
position. The first card is transported to the read station as
it is punched or released through column 80. When the
third card is fed to the preregister position, the first and
second cards are registered in the read and punch stations
respectively, (Figure 4).
To place a single card in the card bed by hand and register
it in punching position, press the register key.
The whole card is visible before it is registered at the punch-
ing position, and at least 71 columns are visible after punch-
ing has started. For example, when column 15 is to be
punched (Figure 5), columns 1-12 and columns 22-80 are
visible.
Operating Elements
Cards with lower corner cuts (except lower-left corner cut
C-3, 30-degree, 0.130-inch base measurement) cannot be
fed. For registration and spacing, the card is gripped along
its lower edge by two wheels. Lack of the two lower corners
creates registration inaccuracies. Round corner cut cards are
acceptable.
READ STATION
The read station, where the cards are read for duplicating, is
slightly greater than one card length to the left of the punch
station. Consequently, each card that has been punched
passes through the read station as the next card is being
punched. The two cards move in synchronism, column-by-
column, and information to be duplicated is transferred
from the first card to the second card. This principle of
duplication is the same as gangpunching. Reading from one
card to another can be controlled, field-by-field, so that
only the desired information is duplicated.
This feature eliminates card handling when duplicating ..
information from cards prepared during the punching opera- _
tion. Card handling is necessary only when an operation re-
quires duplication from prepunched master cards. In this
case, insert the prepunched master card manually at the _
right of the read station before the next card to be punched
is registered. Press the register key to register both the
master card and the detail card at their respective stations.
The whole card is visible before it is registered at the read
station, and at least 68 columns are visible after reading has
started. For example, when column 15 is being read, columns
1-8 above the 7-row and columns 21-80 are visible.
CARD STACKER
The card stacker, with a capacity of approximately 500
cards, is on the upper left side of the machine on a level with
the hopper. After each card passes the read station, it is fed
into the stacker automatically, or by keying if the auto feed
switch is off. The cards are stacked at an angle, 12-edge to
the rear, face up, and are held in position by a card weight.
When the cards are removed from the stacker, they are in
their original sequence. |
A full stacker operates a switch that interlocks the card
feed. However, power is not turned off and the machine is
immediately ready for operation as soon as the cards are
removed from the stacker.
A scale is provided in the stacker so that an estimate can
be made of the total number of'cards processed before the
cards are removed from the stacker.
Keypunch Mode 9

Hopper
(500-Card Capacity)
Program Drum
z
Stacker
Ze
(500-Card Capacity) a
r
A Column 1
fi
Face
LL
Column 0 9~Edge
{
_
yo Sy I
7
/
Column
c \ \/ Indicator 2 “
\
ee
ce
omen
\ ya 7
/ /
/ Read Station / . Punch Station
Eject Station (Master Card) (Detail Card)
Preregister
Sensing
Pins
12
Punches
.
Position
(12 Pairs)
Figure 4. Card Path
00000000000 08 ORE E 80 000000000000000000000000000000KN0000000000000000000000001
1239456789100 12S ee 1a: oH 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37,38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49505) 52 53 ENE 5 58 59 60 61 62 6364 65 66 67 68 69 707) 72737475 7677 7879 80
HTT TTTTIT TT ARE TTD TT TTT PPL EP PTET TT TTT TTT TERN TTT
22222222222 ag8 AD2022022222222222222222222222222222 R22 2222222222222222222
Visible when [3 H9939999333339339993393333993939339399 IRI I99399993933933933
column 15 is [é qrccceccccccrcceacacuanaa ce Visible when PAM CCA Ed edd ddd
nee = c aN
to Pe punched: « f55.555555555555555555555555 to be punched s 555 NQR55555555555555
66666656566 ape heey BE GGEE GEES EEE SEES SCE ESSEC ESSE SECC SGBEEESGEESEERRSSCESESEGESE
DTTTTTTTTIT HER ATT TITTTTTTTTITITITTTITTTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT
B888888888 8.888 MOR OR SRB BSRSRBB BBB SBSBSB GBB SS GB BR SSSR SR SRSRSBSBSEREREROBGS
999 (ERT TErS § 9 399999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
123 €5: UIST TE pee 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 $7 $8 59 60 6} 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73.7475 7677 7879 80
Figure 5. Card Visibility at the Punch Station
BACKSPACE KEY At the same time, the program card, which controls skip-
ping and duplicating, also backspaces.
Backspacing should not be attempted after a card has
passed column 78 in the punching station unless the follow-
ing card (in the preregister position) is removed from the
The backspace key is below the card bed between the read-
ing station and punching station. As long as the backspace
key is held down, the cards at the punching and reading
stations backspace continuously until column | is reached.
10
=
=

i Q
card bed. Because registration accuracy may be affected,
cards should not be backspaced for more than 20 columns.
PROGRAM UNIT
The program unit (Figure 6) controls automatic skipping,
automatic duplicating, and shifting back and forth between
numeric and alphabetic punching. The unit is accessible to
the operator from the front of the machine. Lift the
middle portion of the top cover to remove the program
drum for removal and installation of program cards.
Each of the operations performed under control of the
program unit is designated by a specific code recorded in a
program card: The program card is punched with the pro-
gram card codes to fit the application desired. The program
card is mounted on the program drum, which is placed on
the program unit of the 545 Output Punch. The program
drum revolves in synchronism with the movement of the
cards past the punching and reading stations so that the
program card codes control the operations, column-by
column.
The program unit is equipped with two. program levels,
which give added flexibility to a program operation. Auto-
matic skipping, duplicating, field definition, and alphabetic
shift can be performed through both levels of program
control. .
Program Control Lever
The program control lever, below the program unit, con-
trols operation of the program unit (Figure 6). Turn the
control lever on (to the left) to lower the sensing mechanism.
Be aaa ol la
oe CL Leh RNs
Figure 6. Program Unit
The sensing mechanism consists of 12 starwheels, which,
when the mechanism is lowered, ride along the surface of
the program card to sense the program control punches in
the card. When a punched hole is sensed by a starwheel, a
signal goes to the controlling circuits of the machine. This
signal initiates the particular function designated by the code
punch detected in the program card.
Turn the control lever off (to the right) to raise the sensing
mechanism. This lifts the starwheels off the program card;
the program control punches will not be sensed. The con-
trol lever must be turned to the off position to remove the
program drum, and must be left in that position when no
program drum is in the machine.
Column Indicator
The column indicator, at the base of the program drum
holder (Figure 6), indicates the next column to be punched.
Use this indicator as a guide for spacing or backspacing to a
particular column.
PRESSURE-ROLL RELEASE LEVER
The pressure-roll release lever is next to the column indica-
tor (Figure 6). This lever is accessible by raising the center
cover over the program unit. Pressing this lever permits
manual removal of a card from the punching or reading "=.
station. Normally, a card can be removed in one piece if it
is pulled out with care. If torn pieces are caught at either
station, push them out with another card or a smooth-edge
metal blade while holding down the pressure-roll release ~ -
lever. Do not use saw-edge metal blades.
CHIP BOX AND FUSES
The chip box is under the desk top below the keyboard.
When the chip box is removed, the fuses for the machine are
accessible. The chip box should be emptied daily.
KEYBOARD
The combination keyboard for the IBM 545 Output Punch
is equipped with square keybuttons. The keyboard is so
interlocked that no two character keys can be completely
depressed at the same time, but it is not necessary to wait for
one key to rise fully before pressing another.
The combination keyboard has the features of both a
typewriter and a numeric Kkeypunch. The letter keys are
arranged for operation by the standard typewriter touch
system, while the digit keys are placed so that a rapid three-
finger touch system can be used. The usual numeric keys on
a typewriter have been eliminated; instead, a group of dual-
purpose keys at the right serves for digit punching as well as
letter punching. This permits numeric punching with the
right hand from the normal home position for alphabetic
punching. The touch system for the ten numeric keys is:
index finger for digits 1,4 and 7; middle finger for digits 2,
Keypunch Mode 11

5, and 8; and ring finger for digits 0, 3,6, and 9. The
punching of a digit or a letter with any of the combination
keys depends on the shift of the keyboard. For example,
pressing the 4-J key, punches a 4 when the keyboard is in
numeric shift, but a J when in alphabetic shift. This shifting
is similar to upper or lower case shifting on a standard
typewriter and may be controlled automaticalty by the pro-
gram unit or manually by key.
A 48- or a 64-character keyboard (and print code plate on
Model 2) arrangernent may be specified. Except for the
shaded keys (Figures 8-19) and 1 2-8-4 (* or <), the 64-
character and 48-character keyboards are the same. The
16 special characters shown on the shaded keys are not
available on the 48-character keyboard. Pressing one of
these keys while in numeric shift causes the keyboard to
lock up; to unlock the keyboard, press the error reset key.
Figure 7 shows the functional switches and the American
English key nomenclature. Figures 8-19 show the. cor-
responding keyboard arrangements used in various countries
outside of the United States.
The two indicators (auto and check) on the 545 are opera-
tive only in autopunch mode (see * ‘Operations” in the auto-
punch section).
Functional Controls
The print and left-zero print switches are on the Model 2
only and are not discussed in this section. The functions of
these switches are described under “Printing.”
Figure 7. The 64-Character Alphameric Keyboard—American English
12
Autopunch/Keypunch
This switch selects the mode of operation. To operate the
545 as a system’s output punch, the autopunch mode is
used; for manual keypunch operation, the keypunch mode
is used.
Program Selection (Prog Sel)
With a program card in place and the program control lever
in the on position, the position of this switch determines
whether program control starts in program one or program
two. The switch setting selects the program level as a new
card is registered for punching. The program level may be
changed at will during punching by using the program
selection keys. However, each time a card is registered, the
switch setting selects the starting program level.
Auto Skip/Duplicate (Auto Skip/Dup)
This switch must be in the on position to obtain automatic
skipping and duplicating, initiated by the program card 11
and O punches respectively. When the switch is in the off
position, these functions can be started only by pressing
the skip and dup keys.
Auto Feed
When the auto feed switch is turned on and column 80 of
the card has passed the punch station, a new card is fed
automatically. At the same time, the card in the left of the

sD
MULT
0
PROG
PROG
PCH
DUP
/
REL
9
]
&FEED
U
P
ERROR
RESET
SKIP
REG
(—
)
8
9
AUX
NUMERIC
c
DUP
Mena
|
NL
a,
J
Figure
8.
Belgian
Keyboard
MULT
<
,
*
Stow
|
0
PROG
“PROG
PCH
x
%
c
5
BY
/
+
2
FEED
U
P
|
ERROR
|
eR
SKIP
REG
8
?
AUX
|
numeric
>
,
DUP
ana
|
Figure
9.
Brazilian
Keyboard
a
MULT
AUX
‘
0
PROG
PROG
EL
|
PcH
pup
%
<
oN
/
*
2
é
FEED
U
P
ERROR
anon
oKIP
REG
,
89
NUMERIC
.
ALPHA
_J
Z
A
A
g
Figure 10. Danish Keyboard
Keypunch Mode ©
13

' 0
PERF # REP PROG UB PROG
HULT a 2% < / 2
ro)
é ALIM
p
POS
nesta
SAUT
cou
. \ }
" »
NUMERIQUE 8 ° REP ALPHA
L W c . AUX
Figure 11. French Keyboard
ZUS ‘ 0 PROG PROG
ML
DUP % < DUP / 1 AUSL 2
é ZUF
p
KORR SPRG KE
f “\ 8 9
NUMERISCH - .. . ALPHA
L J Zz U A O
Figure 12. German Keyboard
MULT & ' . 0 PROG PROG
PCH
5
b
A
DUP
/
REL
,
D
FEED
p
ERROR SKIP REG
| RESET L
fr y 8 9
NUMERIC AUX ann |
Z , DUP
\_ }
Figure 13. Icelandic Keyboard
14

MULT N ' $ - 0 PROG PROG
; p
PCH
@
%
*
<
DU
_
/
;
REL
9
2 3 8
O p FEED
ERROR 5 6
RESET K L SKIP REG
8 9
[ numeric ]} | we || acon |
Figure 14. Latin American Keyboard
MULT
|
AUX
'
fp
pA
-
1
0
PROG
PROG
PCH DUP % * < DUP - / REL 2
2 3 & EE
U l O P p ~,
ERROR
4
5
6
RESET ‘ : SKIP REG
o ~
NUMERIC
; ° ” 1} ALPHA :
M p z A .
Figure 15. Norwegian Keyboard
404 4
MULT % * $ , - 0 |
PCH
a
~
DUP
PROG
REL
PROG
A < ¢ O - / | 2
2 ; FEED
U ] P
ERROR 4 5 6
RESET
K
:
SKIP
REG
NUMERIC |
Zz
7 8 ? AUX
M , . DUP L ana |
Figure 16. Portuguese Keyboard
Keypunch Mode 15

MULT # ‘ Pts 0 PROG PRO
or
3
DUP
G
p FEED
ERROR
RESET
SKIP
REG
NUMERIC
S
7
AUX
ALPHA
L | Zz ' . DUP
Figure 17. Spanish Keyboard
MULT
AUX
‘
0
PROG
p
PCH
DUP
°,
.
DUP
/
.
REL
p
OG
p FEED
ERROR
RESET
SKIP
REG
NUMERIC
L
3
Z
4
x
5
ALPHA
Figure 18. Swedish Keyboard
MULT
# , £ 0 PROG PROG
PCH
@
0;
*
DUP
/
REL
,
p FEED
ERROR
RESET
SKIP
REG
(- }
8 9 AUX
NUMERI
UMER
co
;
'
DUP
ALPHA
Figure 19. United Kingdom English Keyboard
16

card bed is stacked, the one in the center is registered at the
YD read station, and the one at the right is registered at the
punch station. This automatic feeding occurs after the
card, completely processed, passes column 80.
When the switch is turned off, cards may be fed manually
by pressing the feed key, program one key, or the program
two key. (See “Combination Keyboard.’’)
6
Clear
The clear switch (a spring-loaded, self-restoring switch) is
used to clear all cards from the feed bed, without feeding
additional cards from the hopper. One operation of the
switch initiates the multiple cycles necessary to complete
the operation.
Keypunch Mode
17

Programming
PROGRAM CARD
A program card, which is a basic part of the program unit, is
prepared for each punching application and can be used
repeatedly. Proper punching in the program card controls
the automatic operations for the corresponding columns of
the cards being punched. Each row in the program card
governs a specific function. (See “Program Card Prepara-
tion.’’)
Figure 20 shows a typical program card using p
rogram
one. For program two, the identical hole pattern would
appear in punch rows 4-9, on the lower half of the card.
For example, all the 12-punches would be 4-punches, all
the 1-punches would be 7-punches, etc.
Figure 21 shows the program codes.
Field
Definition
(12,
4)
ae
Bs
Program One Function Where Punched Program Two
12 Field Definition Each column of 4
field, except first
1] Start Auto-Skip First column of 3
field only
0 Start Auto-Dup First column of 6
| field only
] Alphabetic Shift Every column of 7
(Keypunch Mode alpha field
Only)
2 Not specified Not specified 8
3
Not specified Not specified 9
Figure 21. Program Codes
The 12-punch is the field definition punch for program one;
the 4-punch is the field definition punch for program two.
A field definition punch for the program level being used
must appear in every column except the first (left-hand
position) of every field to be automatically skipped, dupli-
cated, or manually punched.
The field definition punch causes any skip or duplication
operation started within a defined field to continue to the
end of that field. Several consecutive fields to be auto-
matically skipped or duplicated as one field can be program-
med as a single field. Do not program a single column field
with a field definition punch.
Field definition codes punched in the program card for
manually punched fields permit occasional skipping or dup-
licating. This skipping or duplicating is started by keyboard
control keys.
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Figure 20. Program Card — Program One Level
18
ei.

Automatic Skip (11, 5)
The 11-punch is the start auto-skip code for program one;
the 5-punch is the start auto-skip code for program two. In
either program level, punching the start auto-skip code in
the first column of the field to be skipped starts an auto-
matic skip, which continues to the end of the field defined
by the field definition punches.
This operation is also under control of the auto skip/dup
switch on the keyboard. If this switch is off, the program
card codes for start auto-skip are not effective.
Automatic Duplication (0, 6)
The O-punch (zero) is the start-automatic-duplication code
for program one; the 6-punch is the start-automatic-dupli-
cation code for program two. In either program level,
punching the start-automatic-duplication code in the first
column of the field to be duplicated starts automatic dupli-
cation, which continues to the end of the field defined by
the field definition punches.
This operation is also under control of the auto skip/dup
switch on the keyboard. If the switch is-off,’the program
card codes for start automatic duplication are not effective.
Alphabetic Shift (1, 7)
The l-punch is the alphabetic shift code for program one;
the 7-punch is the alphabetic shift code for program two.
Lowering the program sensing mechanism to place the
card punch under program control sets the keyboard in the
numeric shift or mode. Therefore, to punch any alphabetic
characters or special characters that are part of the alpha-
betic shift, the keyboard function must be shifted to the
alphabetic mode. The shifting is accomplished by an alpha-
betic shift code in the program card for the program level
being used. Each column of the card to be, punched alpha-
betic requires an alphabetic shift code in the cotresponding
program card column. Field definition does not extend
alphabetic shift. |
PROGRAM DRUM
The program drum (Figure 22) is the part of the program
unit that holds the program card. The program drum can
be removed by the operator so that the program card can
be inserted to set up the program operation for a specific
application.
Drum Removal
1. Raise the sensing mechanism by turning the program
control lever to the right or off position. |
2. Remove the program drum by pulling in a parallel direc-
tion to the sensing mechanism. The program card can
then be removed from the drum.
Clamping
Strip Handle
Clamping
Strip
Figure 22. Program Drum n.
Card Removal
1. Turn the clamping strip handle to the center position and
remove the column-! end of the card from beneath the
clamping strip.
2. Turn the handle fully counterclockwise and remove the
card from the drum.
Card Insertion
1. With the clamping strip handle turned fully counter-
clockwise, insert the column-80 end of the card under
the smooth edge of the clamping strip. Two alignment
check holes in the clamping strip make it possible to see
that the card is flush with the metal edge under the strip.
The card should be positioned so that the 9-edge of the
card is against the lower rim of the drum.
2. Turn the handle to the center position. This tightens the
smooth edge of the clamping strip and loosens the toothed
edge.
3. Wrap the card tightly around the drum and insert the
column-1 edge under the toothed edge of the clamping
strip. |
4. Turn the handle clockwise as far as it will go. This fastens
the toothed edge of the clamping strip. The drum is
ready to be inserted in the machine.
Keypunch Mode 19

Drum Insertion
1. With the program sensing mechanism raised, place the
drum on the mounting shaft of the program unit, posi-
tioned so that the aligning pin falls in the aligning hole
in the column indicator dial.
2. Turn the program control lever to the left or to the on
position to lower the sensing mechanism to the program
card. Press the release key.
CAUTION
Never insert an empty program drum in the program
unit, and never lower the sensing mechanism when the
program drum is not in place.
PROGRAM CARD PREPARATION
When a program card is to be prepared for a particular
punching application, the card design should be carefully
analyzed to code the program card for maximum punching
efficiency. Proper use of the various features of the card
punch reduces operator time and effort to a minimum.
_ Greater programming flexibility is gained by using both
program levels. |
The following explanations mention both program levels;
the second code in parenthesis is program two. Also, refer
to Figure 21. |
Programming
To prepare a program card, the following analysis must be
made of the cards to be punched:
1. Field definition coding, which determines the length of
each field. Punch a field definition 12(4) in each column
except the first (left-hand) of every field regardless of
the type of operation to be performed in that field. The
12(4)’s are used in skipped or duplicated fields to
continue the skip or duplication across the field, once
the operation is started. Field definition punches are
also used in fields programmed for manual punching to
make full use of the feature provided for the correction
of errors made while punching. With all field-lengths —
defined, each correct field can be duplicated by a single
depression of the dup key, and only the field containing
the error must be rekeyed.
2. Automatic skipping for each field that is not to be
punched at this time. If several successive fields are to
be skipped on every card, program them as one large
field with an 11(5) in the first column and 12(4)’s
in all successive columns.
3. Automatic duplication of each field that is punched with
the same data for a group of cards. If several successive
fields are to be duplicated on every card, program them
as one large field with the zero (or 6) in the first column
and 12(4)’s in all successive columns.
20
4. Alphabetic coding to shift the keyboard when letters are
to be keyed. If all or most of a field is to be alphabetic-
ally punched, code it with 1(7)’s and use the numeric
shift key for occasional numeric punching. In the dupli-
cation or alphabetic punching, the 1(7)’s permit dupli-
cation of blank columns.
Program Two used for Alternate Programming
When it becomes necessary to alternate programs to handle
two types of cards in one punching operation, all the pre-
ceding operations must be analyzed for the alternate pro-
gram, and the proper codes (4-9) must be punched. Con-
sideration must be given to the time within the card cycle
that the change to the alternate program is to be made. The
change can be made either at the beginning of the card or at
any time within the card cycle when it is desirable for the
alternate coding to become effective. Once the alternate
program is selected, by pressing the program two selection
key, the alternate program codes are read for the remainder
of the card, or until the other program selection key is
pressed to return to the original program. Programs can be
alternated at will in this manner during punching of a card.
However, when the following card is fed, the normal pro-
gram coding, determined by the program selection switch
setting, becomes effective.
If the first field of a card is to be controlled by the alter-
nate program, the auto feed switch should be turned off be-
fore the preceding card reaches column 80. This suppresses
the feed cycle and allows the operator to select the alternate ~ -
program by pressing the program two key. Pressing the
program two key also causes a feed cycle; the new card is
registered in the punch position.
Multiple Functions
When alternate program functions are used in addition to
the basic program functions, the program card may require
several codes in a column (Figure 23). In this case, punch a
master deck of cards for the preparation of the program
card. This deck consists of a maximum of 12 cards, one for
each punching row: one card punched with all the required
12-codes, a second card with all the required 11-codes, a
third card with all the required O-codes, etc. After the cards
of the master deck are punched, duplicate each card, one at
a time, into a single card, which then becomes the program
card. This method of preparing a program card facilitates
the preparation of slightly changed or duplicate program
cards on the 545 Model 2, because multiple punches other
than standard should not be duplicated. Duplicating other
than standard multiple punch combinations may cause print
mechanism damage. Program cards may be duplicated on
the 545 Model 1 without restriction.