Knauer K-7400 User manual

Semimicro Osmometer
User Manual
Halbmikro-Osmometer
Benutzerhandbuch
V3707, 04/2016
K-7400
HPLC · SMB · Osmometry
KNAUER
Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH
Hegauer Weg 38
D-14163 Berlin, Germany
Phone: [phone]
Telefax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Internet: www.knauer.net

CONTENTS
Using this Manual ....................................................................................6
Conventions in this Manual ............................................................... 6
SOP´s in this manual......................................................................... 6
Setting up the Osmometer K-7400..........................................................7
Unpacking the Osmometer K-7400................................................... 7
Delivery Content................................................................................ 7
Power supply..................................................................................... 7
Placing the Osmometer K-7400 ........................................................ 7
Description of the Osmometer K-7400 ....................................................8
Front View ......................................................................................... 8
Rear View .......................................................................................... 8
Connection of the Measuring Head................................................... 8
Measuring Head Storage ............................................................. 9
Measurement Principle and Process............................................... 10
Using the Osmometer K-7400...............................................................11
Switching on .................................................................................... 11
Internal Software Structure.............................................................. 12
Preparing the Osmometer K-7400 .................................................. 13
Calibration ....................................................................................... 13
Pre- calibration ........................................................................... 13
Measuring calibration ................................................................. 14
Measuring Samples......................................................................... 15
Important Hints for Using................................................................. 16
Possible Error Messages ................................................................ 17
Self-Freezing of the Sample............................................................ 17
Non-Freezing of the Sample ........................................................... 18
Using the EuroOsmo®7400 Software ...................................................18
Installation ....................................................................................... 18
Hardware Installation.................................................................. 18
Description of the main screen........................................................ 19
Maintenance by the User.......................................................................25
Function Checks of Cooling Capacity ............................................. 25
Spare Parts and Accessories ................................................................26
Technical Data.......................................................................................26
Warranty statement ...............................................................................49
Declaration of Conformity......................................................................49
KNAUER Software License Agreement ................................................50

INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
Konventionen in diesem Handbuch................................................. 27
SOP´s in diesem Handbuch ............................................................ 27
Inbetriebnahme des Osmometers K-7400............................................ 28
Auspacken des Osmometers K-7400.............................................. 28
Lieferumfang.................................................................................... 28
Netzanschluss ................................................................................. 28
Aufstellen des Osmometers K-7400................................................ 28
Beschreibung des Osmometers K-7400............................................... 29
Frontansicht ..................................................................................... 29
Rückseitenansicht............................................................................ 29
Messkopfanschluss ......................................................................... 29
Messkopflagerung ...................................................................... 30
Messprinzip und -ablauf................................................................... 31
Bedienung des Osmometers K-7400.................................................... 32
Einschalten ...................................................................................... 32
Menüführung.................................................................................... 33
Messvorbereitung ............................................................................ 34
Kalibrierung...................................................................................... 34
Vorkalibrierung ........................................................................... 34
Messkalibrierung ........................................................................ 35
Messung von Probelösungen .......................................................... 37
Wichtige Bedienungshinweise......................................................... 38
Mögliche Fehlermeldungen ............................................................. 38
Frühkristallisation der Proben.......................................................... 39
Nichtgefrieren der Proben ............................................................... 40
Arbeit mit der EuroOsmo®7400 Software ............................................ 40
Installation........................................................................................ 40
Hardware Installation.................................................................. 40
Erläuterung des Hauptbildschirms................................................... 41
Wartung durch den Anwender.............................................................. 47
Funktionsprüfung der Kühlleistung .................................................. 47
Ersatzteile und Zubehör........................................................................ 48
Technische Daten ................................................................................. 48
Gewährleistungsbedingungen .............................................................. 49
Konformitätserklärung........................................................................... 49
KNAUER Software License Agreement ............................................... 50

6 Using this Manual
Using this Manual
Conventions in this Manual
Special Warnings are indicated by the marginal warning sign and
printed in bold letters.
The marginal lamp symbol indicates helpful advice.
Important Hints are marked by the marginal hand symbol.
Arrows in an outlined form like this example used in block diagrams
indicate an automatic program run and change to the next line without the
necessity of manual interventions.
Arrows like this, used in block diagrams, indicate that the user is asked to
press the corresponding arrow keys
The triangles symbolize the use of corresponding arrow keys.
SOP´s in this manual
The Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) provided with this manual
offer a convenient way of structuring complex tasks in the operation of
your Semi Micro Osmometer K7400. They include step-by-step
instructions leading the user through all routine tasks during operation.
They can be used for documentation purposes and be copied, applied,
signed, and filed in order to document the performance of the instrument.
Please operate the instrument and all accessories according to the
instructions and SOP´s in this manual. This ensures proper results
and longevity of your equipment.
Table 1 SOP´s in this manual
SOP 1Preparing a Measurement 13
SOP 2Pre- calibration after measuring head exchange 13
SOP 3Performing a Calibration 14
SOP 4Performing a Sample Measurement 15

Setting up the Osmometer K-7400 7
Setting up the Osmometer K-7400
Unpacking the Osmometer K-7400
Unpack the instrument and check the Osmometer K-7400 and
accessories for any damage due to shipping. Make any claims for
shipping damage to the transportation company responsible for shipping.
Please check that the semi-micro Osmometer K-7400 is complete, using
the Delivery Content List as a guide at page 7. Should any article be
missing, please contact our service department.
A complete list of available spare parts and consumables you can find in
the section „Spare Parts and Accessories“ on page 26.
Delivery Content
The standard delivery contents of:
Semi-micro Osmometer K-7400
Printer (optionally)
User manual
Power supply cable
RS232 cable
Measuring head with thermistor and stir assembly
(version for either glass or plastic vials)
Pack of 100 measuring vessels
Bottle cleaning solution
Pack 10 ampoules calibration solution 400 mOsm/kg
Pack of cotton swabs
Power supply
Make certain that the correct voltage has been set on the rear panel of
the instrument, the power supply is grounded and a corresponding 3-
pole power cable is used.
Connect the Osmometer K-7400 to the power supply and switch on the
instrument. After switching ON the display presents for a short time
information’s concerning the instrument version and number.
Placing the Osmometer K-7400
During a measurement no greater temperature changes are allowed.
The air convection holes at both sides of the instrument must
remain uncovered.
Otherwise the instrument temperature may increase to values, which
disclose a proper function of the Osmometer K-7400. This leads to an
automatically shutting down of the display.
To avoid serious damages the reason for the overheating has to be
omitted.

8 Description of the Osmometer K-7400
Description of the Osmometer K-7400
Front View
Measuring Head
LCD Display
Key pad
Fig. 1 Front view of the Osmometer K-7400
Buttons Function
START/STOP 1. Starts a measurement or calibration run.
2. It interrupts any running measurement!
3. If no run can be started or stopped it causes a
jump into the main menu.
VIBRATOR Activates the stirrer for one second. During a
measurement or calibration run the button is not
in function.
ARROW KEYS Cursor navigation buttons for parameter or value
selection
Rear View
RS232 connector (printer)
Measuring head connector
Ventilator
Power connector
Main power switch
Fig. 2 Rear view of the Osmometer K-7400
Connection of the Measuring Head
Parts of the measuring head are an inbuilt motor with a stirring wire
(vibrator), the thermistor and a cone adapting the measurement vial. The
measuring head cable is to be plugged into the connector.
The measuring vial, filled with exact 0.15 ml solution (calibration or
measuring) is to fix to the adapter. Two versions of measuring heads are
available, for the use of glass vials and plastic vials respectively. The

Description of the Osmometer K-7400 9
measuring and calibration procedures are independent on the type of the
measuring head.
1Nut
2Thermistor support
3 Counter nut
4 Bottom plate
5 Cone
6 Adapter sleeve for
Measuring vials (glass)
7 Thermistor
8 Vibration wire
9 Measuring vial (glass)
Fig. 3 Measuring head scheme of the Osmometer K-7400
Fig. 4 Measuring heads of the Osmometer K-7400 for glass (A) and
plastic vials (B)
The obvious difference of glass and plastic vials consists in the fixing
manner. The plastic vials are simply to push on the cone while the
cylindrical glass vials are to push into the adapter sleeve. This gives also
the necessity for a different supporter length.
It is not possible to transform a head for glass vials into one for
plastic vials or vice versa simply by using or removing the adapter
sleeve. Due to the different thermal conduction also internal
deviations exist.
Any change of the measuring head type causes the need for a pre-
calibration to adapt the instrument to the measuring head (see SOP
2 on page 13).
The measuring head is placed on the housing plate with the measuring
vial rising into the cooling compartment. The instrument is now ready for
the measurement.
Measuring Head Storage
Generally the measuring head shall be stored with attached
measuring vial.
For temporarily put down the measuring head without measuring vial
while working with the osmometer use the four feet on top of the
instrument.
A B

10 Description of the Osmometer K-7400
Fig. 5 Putting down the measuring head without vial
Measurement Principle and Process
The osmotic pressure in a solution is proportional the freezing point
depression of that solution. An aqueous solution, with an osmotic
pressure corresponding to an ideal 1-molal solution, freezes at -1.858 °C.
An aqueous solution with this freezing point has a concentration of
1 Osm/kg.
To perform a measurement first the sample solution is cooled down
without stirring. Even pure water can be super-cooled down to about -5
through -8°C without freezing. The freezing is initiated by an
automatically start of the vibrator at a set temperature. The temperature
reaches the freezing point, 0°C in case of pure water.
°C
10
0
-10
0 1 2 3 min
Freezing point
Super-cooling
Fig. 6 Temperature-time-curve for pure water
The freezing point of a solution is below 0°C. The freezing point
depression T is a measure for the osmolality of a solution, which can be
red directly from the display given in mOsm/kg.

Using the Osmometer K-7400 11
°C
10
0
-10
0 1 2 3 min
Freezing point

T
Super-cooling
Fig. 7 Temperature-time-curve for a sample solution
During a measurement the actual temperature is displayed. The
instrument detects the maximum temperature reached, stores it, and if
crystallization occurred satisfactory, displays the result.
After finishing the measurement the sample vessel is warmed up to 20°C.
As this is the stand-by temperature of the cooling cavity, the measuring
head can remain there before and after measurement as long as desired.
Using the Osmometer K-7400
Switching on
After switching ON the display presents for a short time information
concerning the instrument and the firmware version:
KNAUER V01.XX
Freezing Point Osmometer
Now the osmometer is ready for use. In the display the main menu is
shown with the result of the last measurement. The cursor is placed on
the rhombus field ♦.
>>> 1234 mOsmol <<<
♦<next sample>
Depending on the actual settings the measurement value can also be
shown as a percentage or temperature value.
>>> 12.34 % <<<
♦<next sample>
>>> -1.234 °C <<<
♦<next sample>