Landis+Gyr E650 Series User manual

D000030110 d
ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT
E650 Series 3
User Manual
Date: 27.05.2010
Filename: D000030110 E650 ZxD400xT Series 3 User Manual.docx
© 2009 Landis+Gyr AG
Electricity Meters IEC/MID
Industrial and Commercial

2/93 Revision History
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
Revision History
Version
Date
Comments
a
01.07.2009
First edition
b
15.10.2009
Fig. 4.16 replaced
Referenced documents corrected in chapter 1.8
Error code F.F 00 00 2x 00 added in section 6.2.2 Error Groups
Various grammatical and language errors corrected throughout the document
c
12.11.2009
Minor formatting and typing errors corrected
d
27.05.2010
Update for Firmware Version B31
Copyright © 2009, Landis+Gyr. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.
Landis+Gyr AG
Feldstrasse 1
CH-6301 Zug
Switzerland
Phone: [phone]
www.landisgyr.com

About this Document 3/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
About this Document
The present user manual applies to the meters specified on the title page.
The user manual contains all the information required for application of the
meters for the intended purpose. This includes:
Provision of knowledge concerning characteristics, construction and
function of the meters
Information about possible dangers, their consequences and meas-
ures to prevent any danger
Details concerning the performance of all work throughout the service
life of the meters (parameterisation, installation, commissioning, op-
eration, maintenance, shutting down and disposal)
The contents of this user manual are intended for technically qualified per-
sonnel of utilities (energy supply companies) responsible for the system
planning, installation and commissioning, operation, maintenance, decom-
missioning and disposal of the meters.
The technical data and functional description of the meters are explained in
separate documents:
D000030106 "E650 ZxD400xT Series 3 Technical Data"
D000030112 "E650 ZxD Series 3 Functional Description"
The structure and significance of meter type designations are described in
section 1.3 "Type Designation". The following conventions are employed in
this user manual for representing type designations:
The lower case letter "x" can be used as an unknown to indicate dif-
ferent versions (e.g. ZxD400 for the ZMD400 and ZFD400 meters or
ZMD410xT for the ZMD410AT and ZMD410CT meters).
The digit pair "00" can be used to indicate accuracy data (e.g. ZxD400
for the ZxD405 and ZxD410 meters).
The abbreviated type designation ZMD or ZFD meters can be used
when all three-phase four-wire meters or three-phase three-wire me-
ters are meant.
The following collective terms are also sometimes used instead of the
type designation:
–"Active energy meters" for the ZxD400AT meters
–"Combimeters" for the ZxD400CT meters
Range of validity
Purpose
Target group
Reference documents
Conventions

4/93 Table of Contents
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
Table of Contents
1Description of Unit ________________________________________________________6
1.1 Field of Application ______________________________________________________6
1.2 Characteristics _________________________________________________________6
1.3 Type Designation _______________________________________________________8
1.4 Block Schematic Diagram_________________________________________________9
1.5 Measuring System _____________________________________________________12
1.5.1 Input Signals________________________________________________________12
1.5.2 Signal Processor_____________________________________________________13
1.5.3 Measured Quantities__________________________________________________15
1.5.4 Formation of Measured Quantities _______________________________________16
1.5.5 Summation Channels _________________________________________________22
1.6 Data Profile___________________________________________________________23
1.6.1 Stored Value Profile __________________________________________________23
1.6.2 Load Profile 1 and Load Profile 2 (option)__________________________________23
1.6.3 Event Log __________________________________________________________24
1.7 Communication________________________________________________________27
1.7.1 Optical Interface _____________________________________________________27
1.7.2 Communication Units _________________________________________________27
1.8 MAP Software Tools____________________________________________________29
1.9 Anti-Tampering Features ________________________________________________30
1.9.1 DC Magnet Detection _________________________________________________30
1.9.2 Terminal Cover Detection ______________________________________________30
2Safety__________________________________________________________________31
2.1 Safety Information______________________________________________________31
2.2 Responsibilities________________________________________________________31
2.3 Safety Regulations _____________________________________________________32
2.4 Radio interference______________________________________________________32
3Mechanical Construction__________________________________________________33
3.1 Sealing ______________________________________________________________33
3.2 Face Plates___________________________________________________________36
3.3 Connections __________________________________________________________37
3.4 Connection Diagrams (Examples) _________________________________________39
3.5 Dimensions___________________________________________________________43
4Installation and De-Installation _____________________________________________44
4.1 Basic Information for Connecting Meter _____________________________________44
4.1.1 Connection to Low Voltage with Current Transformers _______________________44
4.1.2 Connection to Medium and High Voltage (Aron Circuit) _______________________45
4.1.3 Connection to Medium and High Voltage (Three-Phase Four-Wire Circuit)________46
4.2 Mounting the Meter_____________________________________________________47
4.3 Connecting Meter ______________________________________________________49
4.3.1 Connection of R-S485 Interface _________________________________________52
4.4 Check of Connections___________________________________________________53

Table of Contents 5/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
4.5 Commissioning, Functional Check and Sealing_______________________________53
4.6 Installation of Terminal Cover Detection ____________________________________55
4.7 De-Installation ________________________________________________________56
5Operation ______________________________________________________________58
5.1 Operation with Auxiliary Power Supply _____________________________________58
5.2 Control Elements ______________________________________________________58
5.2.1 Display Keys________________________________________________________58
5.2.2 Control of Display via Optical Interface ___________________________________59
5.2.3 Reset Key__________________________________________________________59
5.3 Display ______________________________________________________________60
5.3.1 Introduction_________________________________________________________60
5.3.2 Basic Layout________________________________________________________60
5.3.3 Index System _______________________________________________________61
5.4 Types of Display_______________________________________________________62
5.4.1 Operating Display____________________________________________________62
5.4.2 Display Menu _______________________________________________________63
5.4.3 Service Menu _______________________________________________________67
5.5 Alert LED ____________________________________________________________68
5.6 Optical Test Output ____________________________________________________69
5.7 Data Readout_________________________________________________________70
5.7.1 Readout to IEC 62056-21______________________________________________71
5.7.2 Readout to dlms _____________________________________________________72
5.8 Input of Formatted Commands____________________________________________74
5.9 Changing Values in Set Mode ____________________________________________75
6Service_________________________________________________________________76
6.1 Operating Faults_______________________________________________________76
6.2 Error Messages _______________________________________________________76
6.2.1 Structure of an Error Message __________________________________________77
6.2.2 Error Groups________________________________________________________78
6.3 Repairing Meters ______________________________________________________83
7Maintenance ____________________________________________________________84
7.1 Meter Testing _________________________________________________________84
7.1.1 Test Mode__________________________________________________________84
7.1.2 Measuring Times ____________________________________________________84
7.1.3 Optical Test Output___________________________________________________85
7.1.4 Creep Test _________________________________________________________87
7.1.5 Starting Test Active Part_______________________________________________87
7.1.6 Starting Test Reactive Part_____________________________________________87
7.2 Changing the Battery ___________________________________________________87
8Disposal _______________________________________________________________90
9Index __________________________________________________________________91

6/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
1 Description of Unit
This chapter provides you with a brief overview of the design and function
of the ZxD400xT meters.
1.1 Field of Application
ZxD400xT meters can be used for transformer connection at all three volt-
age levels, namely on low, medium and high voltage. They are primarily
used by medium and large consumers and in the field of energy generation
and exchange.
The ZMD400xT meter is especially suitable for applications at the low volt-
age level, while the ZFD400xT meter is generally used more at the medium
and high voltage levels.
ZxD400xT meters have a comprehensive tariff structure. This extends from
seasonal tariffs to multiple energy and demand tariff rates.
The ZMD400xT and ZFD400xT meters are designed for connection to cur-
rent transformers with 5 A or 1 A rated current or as a special version for
both applications (5//1).
The ZMD400CT and ZFD400CT combimeters record active and reactive
energy consumption, the ZMD400AT and ZFD400AT active energy meters
only the active energy in three-phase four-wire or three-phase three-wire
networks (low, medium and high voltage) and from this determine the re-
quired electrical measured quantities. For this purpose they are connected
to the measuring point via current transformers and possibly also voltage
transformers:
Low voltage: ZMD400xT with current transformers
Medium voltage: ZFD400xT (sometimes also ZMD400xT) with current
and voltage transformers
High voltage: ZMD400xT (sometimes also ZFD400xT) with current
and voltage transformers
The data determined are displayed (LCD) and are also available at the op-
tical interface for data acquisition, with an appropriate communication unit
also as required via CS, RS232, RS485, modem, etc.
When equipped with transmitting contacts, the meters can also be used as
transmitting meters for telemetering. The tariff rates can be controlled inter-
nally or externally.
With a communication unit, the meters can also be used for recording
counter pulses for other physical media (e.g. water or gas volumes).
1.2 Characteristics
ZxD400xT meters have the following basic characteristics:
Recording of active, reactive and apparent energy in all four quadrants
(ZxD400CT) or recording of imported and exported active energy
(ZxD 400AT)
Tariff system with energy and demand tariff rates, stored values, load
profiles etc.
Extended functions such as monitoring functions, sliding maximum
demand, etc. (for ZxD400CT additionally power factor cosφ)

Description of Unit 7/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
Tariff control
–External
–via control inputs (ZxD400xT21 and ZxD400xT41)
–via communication interfaces using formatted commands
–Internal
–by integral time switch (ZxD400xT24 and ZxD400xT44)
–by event signals based on monitored values, such as voltage,
current, demand etc.
Display of data on a liquid crystal display (LCD)
Active and reactive power per phase and true RMS values of voltages
and currents by means of digital signal processing (DSP) chips
Accuracy: Compliance with IEC class 1 or 0.5 S and with MID accu-
racy class B or C for active energy consumption (ZxD400xT) and IEC
class 1 for reactive energy (ZxD400CT).
Exception: ZxD402CT –IEC class 0.2S for active energy and IEC
class 0.5 for reactive energy.
Flexible measuring system through parameterisation (definition of
different variables by software)
Correct measurement even with failure of individual phases or when
used in two- or single-phase networks
Wide range of measurement from starting current to maximum current
Optical interface according to IEC 62056-21 and dlms
–for direct readout of meter data
–for service functions of the meter, extension board and communica-
tion unit (e.g. parameterisation)
Inputs for recording fixed valency pulses (communication unit)
Output contacts (solid-state relays) for fixed valency pulses, control
signals and status messages
Installation aids
–Indication of phase voltages, phase angles, rotating field and
direction of energy
Storage of event information, e.g. voltage failures, exceeding of thres-
holds or error messages. Event information can be read out via the
available interfaces. Important events can be communicated to the
energy supply company as operational messages (sending of SMS
messages, control of an arrow in the display, drive for an output con-
tact, etc.).
Interfaces such as CS, RS232, RS485, modem, etc. for remote trans-
mission of data (communication unit)
Auxiliary power supply for communication with the meter if no measur-
ing voltage is present

8/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
1.3 Type Designation
Type designation
ZMD
4
10
C
T
44
4207
S3
Network Type
ZFD
ZMD
3-phase 3 wire network (F-circuit)
3-phase 4 wire network (M-circuit)
Connection Type
4
Transformer operated
Accuracy Class
10
05
02
Active energy class 1 (IEC), B (MID)
Active energy class 0.5 (IEC), C (MID)
Active energy class 0.2 (IEC)
Measured Quantities
C
A
Active and reactive energy
Active energy
Construction
T
With exchangeable communication units
Tariffication
21
24
41
44
Energy rates, external rate control via control inputs
Energy rates, internal rate control via time switch
(additionally possible via control inputs)
Energy and demand rates, external rate control via control inputs
Energy and demand rates, internal rate control via time switch
(additionally possible via control inputs)
All versions with 3 control inputs and 2 output contacts
Additional functions
000x
060x
240x
420x
045x
046x
No extension board
6 outputs
2 control inputs, 4 outputs
4 control inputs, 2 outputs
4 outputs, auxiliary power supply 100–240 VAC/DC
4 outputs, auxiliary power supply 12–24 VDC
xxx0
xxx2
xxx7
xxx9
no additional functions
DC-magnet-detection
load profile
DC-magnet-detection and load profile
Series 3
As the communication unit is a device on its own, it is not part of the
meter’s type designation. The customer can exchange it at any time without
opening the certification seal. Each communication unit has its own user
manual.

Description of Unit 9/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
The hardware version is defined with a series designation. The first hard-
ware generation (Series 1) does not have a series designation.
The type designation on the nameplate ends with the series designation S2
for the 2nd hardware generation (Series 2). An attached suffix points out
that the meter is equipped with certain non-standard features, e.g. S2s
represents a Series 2 meter with symmetrical terminal layout.
S3 represents the newest hardware generation.
The meter’s firmware version, which determines certain meter characteris-
tics, can be displayed on the LCD e.g. as part of the rolling display (depen-
ding on parameterisation) and can be read out in the following two ways:
meter data readout (depending on parameterisation)
meter identification readout (see section 5.7 "Data Readout")
Some executions of ZMD400CT/CR meters are available with accuracy
class 0.2S. These meters fulfill the IEC accuracy class 0.2S for active ener-
gy and class 0.5 for reactive energy. For details see the corresponding
datasheet.
1.4 Block Schematic Diagram
This chapter provides an overview of the function of ZxD400xT meters
based on a block schematic diagram.
Fig. 1.1 Block schematic diagram ZMD400xT
The ZxD400AT active energy meters record the imported and exported
active energy consumption, while the ZxD400CT combimeters record the
active and reactive energy consumption in all four quadrants.
The ZxD400xT meters can be fitted with modular communication interfaces
in a communication unit, which can be exchanged or used in the field as
required.
Series designation
Firmware version
Class 0.2

10/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
The main meter inputs are:
Connections of phase voltages (U1, U2, U3), phase currents (I1, I2, I3)
and neutral conductor N
–for processing in the measuring system
–for the three-phase power supply to the meter and voltage monitor
Control inputs Ut(3 fixed, plus up to 4 others on extension board) for:
–Changeover of energy and demand tariff rates
–Resetting
–Demand inhibition
–Synchronizing
Opto-couplers protect the internal circuitry from interference, which
could otherwise enter via the control inputs.
Keys
–for display control (display keys, optical interface)
–for resetting or service functions (reset key)
Pulse inputs for connection of external pulse transmitters (only for
meters equipped with a communication unit)
The meter has the following outputs:
LCD display with display keys for local reading of billing data (single 8-
digit display with additional information, such as energy direction, type
of energy, presence of phase voltages and identification number)
Optical test outputs (red, 1 in active energy meters, 2 in combimeters)
Alert LED (red) to indicate alerts on the front face of the meter
Static relay with freely parameterised signal assignment (2 fixed, plus
up to 6 others on the extension board)
Optical interface for automatic local data acquisition by a suitable
acquisition unit (handheld terminal)
Communication interfaces of various kinds in the communication unit
(see also section 1.7 "Communication")
The input circuits (voltage dividers and current transformers) record voltage
and current in the individual phases. Analogue-digital converters digitise
these values and feed them as instantaneous digital values via calibration
stages to a signal processor.
The signal processor determines the following measured quantities from
the instantaneous digital values of voltage and current for each phase and
forms their mean value over one second:
Active power per phase
Reactive power per phase (combimeters ZxD400CT only)
Phase voltages
Phase currents
Network (mains) frequency
Phase angles
Inputs
Outputs
Measuring system
Signal processing

Description of Unit 11/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
For signal utilisation in the various registers, the microprocessor scans the
measured quantities every second to determine the following values:
Active energy (sum and individual phases, separated according to en-
ergy direction, if required in the combimeters ZxD400CT also assigned
to the 4 quadrants)
Reactive energy (only for combimeters ZxD400CT, sum and individual
phases, separated according to energy direction, assigned to the 4
quadrants)
Apparent energy (only for combimeters ZxD400CT, sum and individual
phases, separated according to energy direction)
Power factor cosφ (only for combimeters ZxD400CT, individual phases
and mean value)
Phase voltages
Phase currents and neutral current
Direction of rotating field
Total harmonic distortions of active energy, voltage and current
Energy losses (line losses and transformer losses)
Tariff control is performed:
Externally via control inputs (3 fixed, plus up to 4 others on the exten-
sion board)
Externally via communication interfaces using formatted commands
Internally by time switch and calendar clock
By event signals based on threshold values of the monitoring functions
The following registers are available for evaluation of the individual
measured values:
32 for energy rates
27 for total energy
10 for running mean demand values
24 for demand rates
2 for power factors cosφ (combimeters ZxD400CT only)
up to 41 diagnostic registers
others for values of voltage and current, network frequency and phase
angles
A non-volatile flash memory serves to record data profiles and also con-
tains the configuration and parameterisation data of the meter and secures
the billing data against loss due to voltage failures.
Signal utilisation
Tariff control
Data preparation for
billing
Memory

12/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
The supply voltages for the meter electronics are obtained from the three-
phase network, whereby the phase voltage can vary over the entire voltage
range without the supply voltage having to be adjusted. A voltage monitor
ensures correct operation and reliable data recovery in the event of a
power failure and correct restarting when the voltage is restored.
For medium or high-voltage applications in particular, the measuring volt-
age can be switched off. Since the meter normally obtains its supply from
the measuring voltage, it is also switched off and cannot be read. The aux-
iliary power supply connected in parallel with the normal power supply en-
sures operation of the meter free from interruption, so that it can be read at
any time. The auxiliary power supply is situated on an extension board.
The extension board is fitted inside the meter and is secured by the certifi-
cation seals. It cannot be exchanged. It can have the following components:
up to 4 control inputs in combination with
up to 6 output contacts (solid-state relays)
an auxiliary power supply
The communication unit for fitting only in the ZxD400xT meters is a com-
plete unit in its own case. If present, it is situated behind the front door, and
is therefore secured by a utility seal and can be exchanged or inserted in
the field if necessary. It contains:
Communication interfaces as required for remote readout of the meter
(e.g. CS, RS232, RS485, modem)
2 signal inputs (S0 interfaces) for processing external pulse transmit-
ters
1.5 Measuring System
Fig. 1.2 Block schematic diagram of measuring system
1.5.1 Input Signals
The meter has the analogue current values I1, I2 and I3 and analogue volt-
age values U1, U2 and U3 available as input signals.
Fig. 1.3 Type of measurement ZMD400xT
Since the ZMD400xT measures the individual phases mutually independ-
ently with one measuring element each, it can record the sum of the three
phases, the individual phases themselves, the phase angle between volt-
age and current as well as the angle between voltages U1–U2 and U1–U3.
Power supply
Auxiliary power
supply
Extension board
Communication unit
ZMD400xT

Description of Unit 13/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
Fig. 1.4 Type of measurement ZFD400xT
The ZFD400xT with Aron circuit records with its two measuring elements
the phase currents I1 or I3, together with the corresponding voltage U12 or
U32. It cannot therefore construct any actual single-phase values. In addi-
tion, the phase angles between voltage and current always have an addi-
tional angle of 30° and are therefore not representative.
High resistance voltage dividers reduce the voltages U1, U2 and U3 (58 to
240 V) applied to the meter to a proportionate amount of a few mV (UU) for
further processing.
Internal current transformers reduce the input currents I1, I2 and I3 to the
meter (0 to 10 A) for further processing. The secondary currents of these
current transformers develop voltages proportional to the input currents
across resistors, also of a few mV (UI).
1.5.2 Signal Processor
Fig. 1.5 Principle of signal processor
ZxD400AT active energy meters do not measure reactive energy.
The analogue signals Ux and Ix are digitised in Sigma-Delta converters
(analogue-digital converters with highest resolution) with a sample rate of
1.6 kHz and then filtered. A following calibration stage compensates for the
natural errors of the voltage divider or current transformer, so that no fur-
ther adjustment is necessary in the subsequent processing.
Calibrated digital instantaneous values of voltage (u) and current (i) for all
three phases are then available as intermediate values for the formation of
the required values in the signal processor.
The instantaneous value of active power p is produced by multiplying the
instantaneous values of voltage u and current i (the active component cor-
ZFD400xT
Voltage input
Current input
Digitizing
Calculation of active
power

14/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
responds to the product of voltage component with the current component
parallel to the voltage). Thereby the harmonics up to 1 kHz are measured
correctly.
U
I
IP
IQ
P = U I cosj
..
Calculation per phase of
j
Fig. 1.6 Active power calculation
If the meter is parameterised to calculate instantaneous power as signed
values, the following values of power are available:
Active P: + in QI and QIV, - in QII and QIII
Reactive P: + in QI and QII, - in QIII and QIV
There are two possibilities to calculate the instantaneous value of reactive
power (ZxD400Cx combimeters only):
measured:
For the instantaneous value of reactive power q the instantaneous value of
voltage u must be rotated by 90° before multiplication (the reactive
component is the product of the voltage component with the current
component vertical to the voltage). Thereby no harmonics are measured
since only the fundamental wave is rotated through 90°.
U
I
IP
IQ
Q = U I sinj
..
Calculation per phase of
j
Fig. 1.7 Reactive power calculation (method: measured)
Calculated vectorial (not recommended):
The instantaneous value of reactive power is calculated using the values of
active power and apparent power.
The reactive power is the square root of the square value of apparent
power minus the square value of active power. This method includes the
harmonics.
  
The square values of voltage and current are obtained by multiplying the
instantaneous values of voltage and current by themselves. From these
values the signal processor forms the corresponding single-phase RMS
values URMS and IRMS.
The network frequency can be calculated from the time measured between
two zero passages (change from negative to positive value of voltage U1).
The times between zero passage of the phase voltage U1 and those of the
other phase voltages U2 and U3 serves to determine the phase angle be-
tween the voltages and of the rotating field.
Instantaneous power
with sign
Calculation of reactive
power
URMS, IRMS calculation
Time measurement

Description of Unit 15/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
U1 U2 U3
1 : TU1-U2
2 : TU1-U3
3 : T (fn)
123
Time measurement
for rotating field,
frequency, phase angle
U1-U1
Fig. 1.8 Time measurement
The phase angle between voltage and current is determined by the times
between zero passage of the phase voltage U1 and those of the phase cur-
rents I1, I2 and I3.
For further processing of the individual signal the signal processor gener-
ates mean values over one second, which the following microprocessor
scans at intervals of one second.
1.5.3 Measured Quantities
Measured quantity
ZMD300
ZMD400
ZFD400
Active energy in quadrant I
A (QI)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy in quadrant II
A (QII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy in quadrant III
A (QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy in quadrant IV
A (QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy import
+A (QI+QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy export
–A (QII+QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy, absolute value
+A+-A
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy, absolute value
+A--A
Sum / Phases
Sum
Active energy import summation
Σ+A
Sum
Sum
Acitve energy export summation
Σ-A
Sum
Sum
Reactive energy in quadrant I
R (QI)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy in quadrant II
R (QII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy in quadrant III
R (QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy in quadrant IV
R (QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy import
+R (QI+QII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy export
–R (QIII+QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy import
+R (QI+QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy export
–R (QII+QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy, combined
R (QI+QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy, combined
R (QII+QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy, absolute value
+R+-R
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy, absolute value
+R--R
Sum / Phases
Sum
Reactive energy import
summation
Σ+R
Sum
Sum
Reacitve energy export
summation
Σ-R
Sum
Sum
Mean value formation

16/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
Measured quantity
ZMD300
ZMD400
ZFD400
Apparent energy import
+S (QI+QIV)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Apparent energy export
-S (QII+QIII)
Sum / Phases
Sum
Phase voltages (RMS)
U1, U2, U3
U12, U32
Phase currents (RMS)
I1, I2, I3
I1, I3
Neutral current
I0
yes
no
Network frequency
fn
yes
yes
Phase angle between voltages
jU
U1-U2 / U1-U3*
U12-U32 **
Phase angle between voltage and
current
jU-I
U1-I1, U1-I2,
U1-I3 *
or
U1-I1, U2-I2,
U3-I3
U12-I1, U12-
I3 **
Power factor
PF
Sum / Phases
Sum
Direction of rotating field
yes
yes
THD of active energy import
+THDA
Sum
Sum
THD of active energy export
-THDA
Sum
Sum
THD of active energy (percent)
THDA[%]
Sum
Sum
THD of phase voltages (absolute)
THDU
Sum / Phases
Sum
THD of voltage (percent)
THDU[%]
Sum
Sum
THD of phase currents (absolute)
THDI
Sum / Phases
Sum
THD of current (percent)
THDI[%]
Sum
Sum
Line (copper) losses of active
energy
OLA
Sum
Sum
Transformer (iron) losses of active
energy
NLA
Sum
Sum
Voltage square hours
U2h
Sum
Sum
Ampere square hours
I2h
Sum
Sum
1.5.4 Formation of Measured Quantities
By scanning the mean values of active power P, and in combimeters also
reactive power Q every second, energy components are produced (Ws or
vars) at fixed intervals (every second) and with varying energy magnitudes
or demand. These energy components are scaled by the microprocessor
corresponding to the meter constant and are then available as measured
quantities for selection of the measured values. The measured values are
fed directly to the following registers to record the energy and the maximum
demand (in combimeters also of minimum power factor).
The active energy in the individual phases ±A1, ±A2 and ±A3 are formed
directly from the mean values of active power P1, P2 and P3.
Active energy

Description of Unit 17/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
By summating the mean values of active energy A1, A2 and A3 the micro-
processor calculates the total active energy import +A or the total active
energy export -A.
Measured quantities
Mean values
per second
A1±
3±A
2±A
+A (Import)
-A (Export)
å
Fig. 1.9 Total active energy
The reactive energy values of the individual phases ±R1, ±R2 and ±R3 are
obtained in the combimeters directly from the mean values of reactive
power Q1, Q2 and Q3.
By summating the mean values of reactive energy R1, R2 and R3, the
microprocessor calculates the total positive reactive energy +R or the total
negative reactive energy -R.
Measured quantities
Mean values
per second
R1±
3±R
2±R
+R
-R
å
Fig. 1.10 Total reactive energy
The microprocessor can allocate the reactive energy to the 4 quadrants in
the combimeters from the signs of R and A:
Reactive energy in 1st quadrant: +Ri
Reactive energy in 2nd quadrant: +Rc
Reactive energy in 3rd quadrant: –Ri
Reactive energy in 4th quadrant: –Rc
In the same way it can allocate the reactive energy of the individual phases
to the 4 quadrants.
+R
+ kWh
- kWh
-R
+Ri+Rc
-Rc-Ri
+A ImportExport -A
- kvarh - kvarh
+ kvarh+ kvarh
Quadrant II Quadrant I
Quadrant IVQuadrant III
Fig. 1.11 4-quadrant measurement
The quadrants are numbered from top right as 1st quadrant (+A/+Ri) anti-
clockwise to the 4th quadrant (+A/–Rc) at bottom right.
Reactive energy

18/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
The apparent energy is calculated in the combimeters in two ways:
by vectorial addition of the active and reactive energy of the individual
phases
by multiplying the rms values of voltage and current of the individual
phases
The method of calculation can be parameterised (only one possible in each
case).
From the mean values A1, A2 and A3 and R1, R2 and R3 the microproc-
essor calculates the apparent energy of the individual phases ±S1, ±S2
and ±S3 as well as the total apparent energy ±S.
Measured quantities
Mean values
per second
1±A
3±A
2±A
+S (Import)
-S (Export)
å
R1±
3±R
2±R å
(A1 + A2 + A3) + (R1 + R2 + R3)
22
å
Fig. 1.12 Total apparent energy according to calculation method 1
Only fundamental wave considered for reactive energy
Only the fundamental wave is considered for the calculation of the reactive
energy share; possible harmonics are not taken into account.
From the mean values U1rms, U2rms, U3rms and I1rms, I2rms, I3rms the micro-
processor calculates by multiplication the apparent power of the individual
phases ±VA1, ±VA2 and ±VA3 and summates these for the total apparent
power ±VA.
Measured quantities
Mean values
per second
1rms I
+S (Import)
-S (Export)
å
å
1rms U
1 U1
rms rms
I
2rms I
å
2rms U
2 U2
rms rms
I
3rms I
å
3rms U
3 U3
rms rms
I
ò
ò
ò
Fig. 1.13 Total apparent power according to calculation method 2 (ZxD400Cx
combimeters only)
Apparent energy
Calculation method 1
(vectorial addition)
Calculation method 2
(from rms values)

Description of Unit 19/93
D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual © Landis+Gyr AG
Harmonics considered for reactive energy
As RMS values are used for the calculation of the apparent energy with cal-
culation method 2, not only the fundamental wave but also the harmonics
are taken into account. Therefore, if harmonics are present, the measured
values are greater than those of calculation method 1.
The values of two measurement quantities (incl. pulse inputs EX1 and EX2)
can be added. The added quantities must be of the same energy type
(active, reactive or apparent). The sum is stored in a total energy register.
The power factor cosφ is calculated in combimeters as follows:
The meter uses the method of calculation employed for calculating the
apparent power.
The rms values of the voltages U1rms, U2rms and U3rms are obtained from
the mean values of the squares of the voltages by extracting the root and
directly from these the phase voltages U1, U2 and U3.
The rms values of the currents I1rms, I2rms and I3rms are obtained from the
mean values of the squares of the currents by extracting the root and di-
rectly from these the phase currents I1, I2 and I3.
The signal processor calculates the instantaneous neutral current i0 by
adding the instantaneous phase currents i1, i2 and i3.
Fig. 1.14 Neutral current I0
The signal processor calculates the network frequency fnby forming the
reciprocal from the time tU1-U1 between two zero passages of voltage U1.
The signal processor calculates the phase angles between voltages U1-U2
and U1-U3 from the times tU1-U1, tU1-U2 and tU1-U3 between zero passages of
the various voltages.
The signal processor calculates the phase angle between voltage U1 and
current per phase from the times tU1-I1, tU1-I2 and tU1-I3 between zero pas-
sages of the voltage U1 and the phase currents.
2 forms of representation are available for displaying the phase angle.
These can be selected by parameterisation.
Case 1: All voltage and current angles are displayed clockwise with refer-
ence to the voltage in phase 1. The values of the angles are always posi-
tive and can be from 0 to 360°.
Summation channels
Power factor cosφ
Phase voltages
Phase currents
Neutral current
Network frequency
Phase angles

20/93 Description of Unit
© Landis+Gyr AG D000030110 d –E650 Series 3 (ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT) –User Manual
Fig. 1.15 Phase angle case 1
Case 2: The voltage angles are displayed as in case 1. The angles of the
currents are displayed, however, with reference to the associated phase
voltage and can have values between -180° and +180°.
Fig. 1.16 Phase angle case 2
The direction of the rotating field is calculated by the microprocessor based
on the phase angle of the 3 voltages. If the direction of rotation corres-
ponds to that specified by the parameterisation, the phase voltage indica-
tions L1, L2 and L3 are continuously lit. Otherwise they flash every second.
The measuring system produces information about the total harmonic dis-
tortion of the active energy.
For that purpose, the voltages are fed through notch filters, which remove
the fundamental wave.
+THDA+A +THD = +A - (+A )
A fundamental
-THDA
-A -THD = -A - (-A
A fundamental)
Fig. 1.17 Calculation of total harmonic distortion
In addition, the following absolute and relative THD values available:
THD of active energy (relative to the nominal active energy)
THD of phase voltages (absolute)
THD of voltage (relative to the nominal voltage)
THD of phase currents (absolute)
THD of phase current (relative to the nominal current)
Direction of rotating
field
Total harmonic
distortion