Leica DM IRM User manual

Leica
DM IRM
Inverted Research Microscope
for Material Testing
Instructions

Issued in 1998 by:
Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH
Ernst-Leitz-Straße
D-35578 Wetzlar (Germany)
Responsible for contents:
MQM Marketing, Product Management Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone] or 22 55
e-mail [e-mail]

4
Copyrights
All rights to this documentation and the software
it describes are owned by Leica Microsystems
Wetzlar GmbH. Copying of text and illustrations –
in full or in part – by printing, photostat, microfilm
or other techniques, including electronic systems,
is only permitted subject to the express written
consent of Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH.
The information contained in the following docu-
mentation represents the latest stage of techno-
logy and knowledge. We have composed the
texts and illustrations with great care. However,
as it is impossible to eliminate the risk of error
completely, we cannot accept any kind of liabili-
ty for the correctness of the contents of this
manual. Nevertheless, we are always grateful to
be notified of any errors.
The information in this manual may be altered
without prior notice.

5
Contents
1 Important notes
on this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Intended application,
short description, technical data
of the microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–8
3 Assembly
3.1 Unpacking, installation site,
safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–11
3.2 Assembling the lamp mount,
mirror housing, lamphousing,
illumination telescope
. . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13
3.3 Assembling and changing
the incident light lamps . . . . . . . . . . . 14–18
3.4 Assembling the x/y stage . . . . . . . . . 19–20
3.5
Assembling the tubes
and eyepieces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–23
3.6 Inserting the objectives . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.7 Inserting reflectors and
fluorescence filter cubes . . . . . . . . . . 25–26
3.8 Inserting the ICR prism
turret and ICR prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.9 Inserting the polarisers
and analysers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28–29
3.10 Assembling the transmitted
light illumination column and
the condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–35
4 Start-up and
operation
4.1 Coaxial coarse
and fine focusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–37
4.2 Observation tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–39
4.3 Tube module 1x, magnification
changer 1x, 1.5x (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.4 Lateral photo/TV exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.5 Optical outfits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42–46
4.6 Eyepiece graticules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–49
4.7 Switching on and adjusting
the 12V 100W halogen lamp . . . . . . . 50
4.8 Centring the 12V 100W, Hg 50W,
Hg 100W and Xe 75W . . . . . . . . . . . . 51–53
4.9 Centring the aperture and
field diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.10 Using light filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–56
4.11 Examinations in incident light
brightfield, bright- and
darkfield, polarisation contrast,
interference contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–61
4.12 Examinations in incident
light fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.13 Examinations in transmitted light . . . 63–64
4.14 Length measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5 Accessories
5.1 Working with the
slide overlay device and
macro device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66–68
5.2 Connecting TV cameras and
photomicro equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 69–70
6 Care and maintenance,
wearing and spare parts . . . . . . . . . . 71–72
7 Conformity declaration . . . . . . . . . . . 73

6
This manual is divided into 7 main chapters:
1 Important notes
2 Description and technical data of the micro-
scope
3 Assembly of the microscope
4 Start-up and operation
5 Accessories
6 Care and maintenance
7 Conformity declaration
There are 6 basic variants of the Leica DMIRM
microscope, which can be configured individual-
ly.
Information on equipping the microscope further
can be found in this manual or the supplied
”Optics“ data sheet.
Some accessories such as photomicrography
have their own separate manuals.
This manual is an integral part of the product and
must be read carefully before you start using the
microscope.
Text symbols and their meaning:
Special safety information is indi-
cated by the symbol on the left
and is given a grey background.
As for e.g. mechanical and electrical
hazards, laser, UV light, heat, danger
of explosion
Warning of hot surface
Explanatory note
Caution! Operation errors can dam-
age the microscope and/or its acces-
sories
Not part of all configurations/
option
Numbers with an arrow, e.g. -> p. 20
refer to a particular page in this
manual.
Numbers in brackets, e.g. (1.2) refer
to illustrations, in this example Fig. 1,
item 2.
1 Important notes on this manual
(1.2)
→ S. 20
*

Fig. 1 Leica DM IRM inverted microscope
1Lamphousing 106Z with Hg 100W lamp, 2Mirrorhousing for 2
lamphousings, 33-plate x/y stage 247 x 230 mm, adjustment
range x–y 60 x 40 mm with coaxial drive, 4Aperture diaphragm
adjustment, 5Aperture diaphragm centration screws, 6Field
diaphragm adjustment, 7Field diaphragm centering buttons,
8Quintuple objective nosepiece, non-interchangeable, with
M32 x 0.75 mm objective thread, 9ICR prism dial, 10 Reflector
dial, 11 Coaxial coarse and fine drive, 12 Lateral TV port,
13 Mains switch for integrated 12V 100 W switch mode power
supply, 14 Brightness adjustment of 12V 100 W lamp, 15 Trino-
cular tube HCI 3T 22, 45° viewing angle, 16 Switch lever for split-
ting light beam 100%/100 % or 50%/50%, 17 Adapter tube for
photo/TV connection, 18 Analyser slot
2 Intended application, short description
and technical data of the microscope
7
Fig. 2 Leica DM IRM inverted microscope
1Lamphousing 107 for left-handed operation, 2Collector
adjustment for lamp centration, 3Lamp centration screws,
4Lamp mount for 1 lamphousing, 5Switch lever for light filters,
63-plate x/y stage 247 x 230 mm, x–y adjustment range 60 x 40
mm with coaxial drive, 7Switch lever for lateral TV port, 80% TV
or 100% TV, 8Tube lens module 1x or magnification changer 1x,
1.5x, 9Quintuple objective nosepiece, non-interchangeable
with M32 x 0.75 mm objective thread, 10 Coaxial coarse and fine
drive, 11 Binocular tube HCI B 22 with 45° viewing angle,
12 Clamp screw for changing and securing the tube, 13 Incident
light polariser slot, 14 HC PLAN 10x/22 eyepieces
1 2 3
4
7
9
10
18
11 1314
12
16
15
17 14
643
32
1
11
12
1398
7
5
6
8
5
10
Intended application:
The Leica DM IRM is designed for metallographi-
cal test laboratories for material control and
research of opaque and transparent industrial
materials.

8
For indoor use only
Ambient temperature: 10°C–36°C
Relative humidity: 0–80% up to 30°C
Integrated power supply
Mains voltage: 90–250V
Frequency: 50–60 Hz
Power consumption: max. 160W
Fuses: T 4 A
Overvoltage category: II
Contamination class: 2
The following variants of the Leica DM IRM
microscope are available:
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x HC
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–20%vis/80%TV Order no. 571004
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x HC
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–100%TV Order no. 571005
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x, 1.5x HC
(magnification changer)
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–20%vis/80%TV Order no. 571006
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x, 1.5x HC
(magnification changer)
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–100%TV Order no. 571007
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x, 1.5x, B
(magnification changer with Bertrand lens)
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–20%vis/80%TV Order no. 571008
Leica DMIRM with tube optics oo/1x, 1.5x B
(magnification changer with Bertrand lens)
with lateral photo/TV exit
100% vis–100%TV Order no. 571009
Fig. 3 Back view of microscope
1Lamphousing mount, 212V 100 W socket, 3Mains socket,
4Potential equalisation socket, 5Cover for transmitted light
arm
Fig. 4 Side view of microscope
1Switch rod for lateral photo/TV port 100% vis/20 % vis–80%
photo/TV or 100% vis/100 % photo/TV, 2Adjustment wheel for
tube lens 1x, 1.5 x Bertrand lens
5
1
234
2
1

9
3.1 Unpacking, installation site, assembly
tools, safety information
Unpacking:
Please compare the delivery carefully with the
packing note, delivery note or invoice.
We strongly recommend that you keep a copy of
these documents with the manual, so that you
have information on the time and scope of the
delivery later when ordering more equipment or
when the microscope is serviced.
Make sure that no small parts are left in the
packing material.
Some of our packing material has symbols indi-
cating environment-friendly recycling.
n.b.!
When lifting the microscope out of the packaging
do not touch any movable, mechanical compo-
nents.
When putting the microscope on the desk and
adjusting its position, make sure not to damage
the sensitive damping feet on the underneath of
the microscope.
n.b.!
Do not connect microscope and peripherals
to mains yet (see section 3.2, Assembly)
Installation site
Make sure that the workplace is free from oil and
chemical fumes. Vibrations, direct sunlight and
major temperature fluctuations should be avoi-
ded. For ergonomic microscopy we recommend
a stable desk (about 70–80 cm high) and a com-
fortable, adjustable chair.
Assembly tools
Installation and assembly of the microscope
should preferably be carried out together with a
member of Leica sales or service staff.
Only a few ordinary screwdrivers are required for
assembly, and these are supplied with the
microscope.
3 Assembling the microscope
Fig. 5 Assembly tools
1Cross-tip screwdriver*, 2Hexagonal screwdriver, 3mm,
3Centring keys, 2mm*, 4Centring keys, 1.5 mm*, 5Allen key,
3mm*, 6Allen key, 2.5mm* (short version)
1
23
4
56

10
Safety information
This instrument of safety class 1 has been built
and tested according to EN 61 010-1/IEC 1010-1
safety standards for electrical measurement,
control and laboratory equipment.
n.b.:
To keep the microscope in this safe condition,
it is essential to note the advice and warnings
given in this manual.
The mains plug must only be inserted into a
grounded outlet.
If an extension cord is used, it must be grounded
as well. Any interruption of the ground connector
inside or outside the microscope or disconnec-
ting the ground connector can render the micro-
scope potentially dangerous. Intentional sever-
ance is forbidden!
n.b.:
Using the ground connection, any accesso-
ries connected to the microscope which have
their own and/or a different power supply can
be given the same ground conductor poten-
tial. Please consult our servicing personnel if
you intend to connect units without a ground
conductor.
Make sure that only fuses of the specified type
and rating are used as replacements. It is forbid-
den to use mended fuses or to short-circuit the
fuse holder.
n.b.:
The instruments and accessories described in
this manual have been safety-tested and
checked for possible hazards.
Before modifying the instrument in any way or
combining it with non-Leica products not
dealt with in this manual, it is essential to con-
sult the Leica agency for your area or the main
factory in Wetzlar!
Any unauthorized alteration to the micro-
scope or use for which it was not intended will
automatically terminate any warranty claim.

11
n.b.:
The electric accessories of the microscope
are not waterproof. If water gets inside them,
it may cause electrical shock.
Do not put the microscope and its accessories
near a water tap or anywhere else where
water may get inside them.
n.b.:
Before changing fuses or lamps, always turn
the mains switch off and disconnect the mains
cable.
n.b.:
Protect the microscope from major tempera-
ture fluctuations. These may lead to conden-
sation which can damage the electric and
optical components.
n.b.:
Avoid skin contact when using immersion oil!
Ask the supplier for a safety information
sheet!

12
3.2 Assembling the lamp mount, mirror housing,
lamphousing, illumination telescope
1 Insert the lamp mount or the mirror housing in
the back panel and screw down with Allen
screws. Make sure the guide pin of the lamp
mount (7.1) engages in the back panel of the
microscope (6.2).
2 Put lamphousing 107/2, 107, 106Z onto the lamp
mount and screw down with the fixing screw
(9).
3 If you are using gas discharge lamps in
connection with fluorescence techniques we
recommend you use the illumination telescope
(8.4). This is inserted between the lamp mount
and the lamphousing 106Z and magnifies the
image of the focal point of the lamp by the fac-
tor 2x in the entrance pupil of the objective.
This results in substantially higher illumination
intensity for fluorescence.
3 Plug the lamp plug into the socket on the
microscope stand (6.3).
4 Insert a 50 mm light filter in each of the 2 filter
slots on the lamphousing mount (7.4)
4 Connect the mains cable to the mains socket in
the microscope stand.
Fig. 6 Back view of microscope
1Space for assembling a lamphousing or mirrorhousing, 2Hole
for guide pin, 3Socket for lamp plug, 4Mains socket, 5Poten-
tial equalisation
Fig. 7 Lamp mount
1Guide pin, 2Lateral lamphousing mount, 3Ring screw for
mounting to microscope, 42 spaces for light filters, 5Fixing
screws (Allen screws)
1
5
4
3
2
5
4
2
3
1

13
Fig. 9 Lamphousing 106Z L
1Collector adjustment, 2Vertical lamp adjustment, 3Horizon-
tal lamp adjustment, 4Dovetail ring mount, 5Reflector adjust-
ment (not visible)
Fig. 8 Mirror housing and illumination telescope
1Mirror switching lever, 2Lateral lamphousing mount with
fixing screw, 3Back lamphousing mount with Allen screw,
4Illumination telescope for gas discharge lamps
23
4
1
5
➝
2
3
1
4

14
3.3
Assembling and exchanging the incident
light lamps
Exchanging the 12V 100W halogen lamp:
Disconnect the lamp and lamphousing from the
power supply.
Pull out the mains plug.
Lamphousing 107L
Slacken the fixing screw on the cover and lift off
the cover (10a.4).
Move the collector (10a.2) to the front and pull the
defect 12V 100W lamp out of the base towards
the front (10b.1)
Caution, hot surface!
Without removing its protective cover, put a new
lamp into the base, without tilting, as far as it will
go.
n.b. Leave the protective cover on the lamp until
it is in position.
Avoid making finger marks or wipe off immedia-
tely.
Close the lamphousing.
Fig. 10b Lamphousing 107 L, opened
1Mount with halogen lamp, 2Collector, 3Screw hole for cover
Fig. 10a Lamphousing 107 L
1Dovetail ring mount, 2Collector adjustment, 3Lamp adjust-
ment, horizontal and vertical, 4Cover fixing screws
3
4
21
3
2
1

15
Fig. 12 12V 100 W lamphousing with halogen lamp
Fig. 11 Lamphousing 106Z L
1Lid, flipped up, 2Collector, 312V 100 W halogen lamp or gas
discharge lamp in holder, 4, 9 Lid screw holes, 5Reflector,
6, 8 Screws for x-y adjustment of reflector, 10 Screws for fixing
the lamp holder, 11 Cut-out plug socket
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
910 1011
Lamphousing 106Z L*
Slacken the fixing screw on the lid (11.4, 9).
Pull the cut-out plug slightly out of the socket
(11.11) and flip up lid (11.1).
Move the collector to the front and lift the defect
lamp out of the base (11.2, 11.3, 14.1).
For convenience, the lamp holder can be re-
moved from the lamphousing as well. To do this,
slacken the fixing screws on the lamp holder
(11.10) and pull out the lamp holder (12).
Caution, hot surface!
Without removing its protective cover, put a new
lamp into the base, without tilting, as far as it will
go.
n.b. It is important to leave the protective cover
on the lamp until it is in position.
Avoid making finger marks or wipe off immedia-
tely.
Close the lamphousing.

16
3.3
Assembling and exchanging the incident
light lamps
Assembling and exchanging Hg and Xe lamps
Power units
Hg and Xe lamps are powered by separate power
units.
Please make sure to read the special manuals for
these power units.
n.b. It is extremely important to
heed the following advice!
Always disconnect the power unit from the
mains before assembling the lamphousing
106Z.
Wait for the lamphousing to cool down for at
least 15 minutes as otherwise it may explode.
Never touch glass parts of the burner with your
bare hands as finger perspiration burns in.
Wipe off any finger perspiration and dirt with
a clean cloth.
Adjust the lamps immediately after ignition
(see page 53).
Never look directly into the light path (risk of
glare)
Always wear the supplied gloves and face
mask when assembling Xe burners (risk of
explosion).
Type Average life span
Hg ultra high pressure lamp 50W (A.C.) 100 h
Xe high pressure lamp 75W (D.C.) 400 h
Hg ultra high pressure lamp 100W (D.C.) 200 h
Hg ultra high pressure lamp 100W (D.C., type 103 W/2) 300 h
Avoid switching on and off frequently, as this
greatly reduces the life of the lamp.
Hot Hg lamps do not ignite again until they
have cooled down.
It is best to keep a record of the number of
hours a lamp has been in use (hour counter in
the power unit) and compare it with the manu-
facturer’s specifications.
Spent burners become discoloured and
should be exchanged before the specified life
expectancy has expired.
Ensure that lamphousing is adequately venti-
lated. Never block the air vents with paper, etc
(fire risk).
Dispose of spent burners in an environment-
friendly way.
Lamphousing 106Z L
Besides the halogen lamp, the following gas
discharge lamps can be used, which each re-
quire different lamp mounts (13) and power units:

n.b.!
1. the lettering is upright after insertion (diffe-
rent diameters of the metal base for the Hg 100
and Xe 75 burners ensure that these are
always inserted the right way up).
n.b.!
2. if the bulb has a seal point (13.2), the burner
is turned so that this point will be at the side,
not in the light path.
n.b.!
The Hg 50W lamp is correctly fitted when:
1. The type name stamp on the lower lamp
base is visible. It must be readable, i.e. not
upside down.
2. the upper base is labelled with the letters
- UP-.
17
Fig. 13 Lamp holders for gas discharge lamps
1Upper clamp, 2Seal point of the burner, 3Lower clamp,
4, 6 Drill holes for fixing the lamp holder, 5Sockets for cut-out
plug, 7Protective cover
Hg 50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Xe 75
1
3
7
1
3
Hg 100
The LH 106Z L is opened by undoing the fixing
screws on the lid (11.4, 9).
Pull the cut-out plug slightly out of its socket and
flip up lid (11.11, 11.1)
Always insert the burner so that
Hg 100
With ignition
module

18
Fig. 14 Lamphousing 106Z L with Hg 100W lamp
1Collector focusing, 2Lamp adjustment, vertical, 3Lamp
adjustment, horizontal, 4Lamp holder Hg 100W, 5Reflector
adjustment (not visible)
Put the upper pin of the burner between the
clamps of the flexible power supply and clamp
with screw (13.1).
Unscrew the stud (13.3) in the holder slightly, in-
sert the lower end of the metal base and retighten
the stud.
Make sure that the lamp base and the power unit
have the same number. If the lamp base is ma-
rked L1, for example, L1 must also be set on the
power unit to make full use of the lamp and not to
shorten its life.
Move the collector to the front position with the
focusing knob (14.1).
n.b.!
Remove the protective covering from the
burner (13.7).
Put the lamp holder with burner inserted into the
lamphousing and secure with the screws
(11.10).Try moving the collector (14.1): it must not
touch the power lead. When closing the lamp-
housing, make sure that the pins of the cut-out
plug engage in the sockets (11.11). Retighten the
screws of the lid. Push the cut-out plug in as far
as it will go.
Attach the lamphousing to the microscope and
connect to the power unit (compare mains volt-
age!)
n.b.!
Adjust the burner immediately after ignition.
To exchange the collector on the lamphousing
106Z:
Move the collector (11.2) to the rearmost position
with the focusing knob (14.1). Pull the focusing
knob of the collector outwards (the lamp is not
inserted) and remove the collector.
2
5
3
4
1

19
3.4 Assembling the 3-plate x/y stage no. 19
The 3-plate x/y stage no. 19, size 247x230mm,
adjustment range x-y 60x40mm, is delivered in
separate packaging and assembled as follows:
1. Screw the 3 Allen screws (15.2, 15.3) out of the
stage support surfaces and wipe any remains
of packaging or dust, etc. from the stage with
a clean cloth.
2. Align the stage with the x-y drive (15.1) at the
front right and lay it so that its undersurface
rests on the stage support surfaces.
3. Align the drill holes in the stage over those in
the support surface.
If the drill holes are covered, please adjust the
upper stage plate with the x-y stage drive.
4. Screw down the stage with Allen screws.
To assemble the square insert plate (16.1):
1. Insert the corner of the insert plate that is
marked red (16.2) at an angle from above into
the corner of the stage that is also marked red
and is fitted with a spring (15.4).
n.b.:
Only press the spring at the side!
Do not press the square insert plate (16.1)
onto the spring from above, as the insert will
not be aligned plane-parallel to the stage and
can be bent.
2. Drill holes (17.2) for attaching small biological
specimen clips (not part of delivery)
Fig. 15 3-plate x/y stage no. 19 without inserts
1Stage drive, 2Rear fixing holes, 3Front fixing hole (not visi-
ble, concealed by stage plate), 4Corner with red dot and spring
Fig. 16 3-plate x/y stage no. 19 with inserts
1Square insert plate, 150 x 150 mm, 2Corner of the insert plate
marked with red dot
1
3
2
4
2
1
2

20
3. Screw the large clip for metallographic sam-
ples into the M4 thread hole (17.4).
4. Allen screws (17.3) for plane-parallel align-
ment.
n.b.:
Do not adjust these Allen screws. They are only
for adjustment in the factory.
5. Insert the round stage inserts with a steel
ring, inner hole of 20 mm, 30mm and 40mm
diameter (18.1) into the mount.
The round stage inserts are equipped with a
screw-in handle (18.2) to facilitate changing
and rotating the inserts (rotation e.g. for ori-
entation of a sample).
Please handle the round stage inserts (18)
with care. The thin inner steel rings (18.1)
should not be subjected to any pressure or
dropped.
Rough treatment can cause deformation .
Simple stage plate*
The simple stage plate (19) is assembled in exa-
ctly the same way.
Fig. 17 Stage inserts with accessories
1Square insert plate, 150 x 150 mm, 2Drill holes for small spe-
cimen clips (not part of standard delivery), 3Allen screws for
plane-parallel alignment (for factory adjustment only), 4Large
specimen clamp for metallographic objects
Fig. 18 Round stage inserts
1Steel ring with inner hole of 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 2Grip but-
ton, can be screwed off
Fig. 19 Simple stage plate
1
2
3
3
4
3
2
1

21
3.5 Assembling the tubes:
HCI B 22
Binocular tube with 45°viewing angle
Field of view index up to 22
Eyepiece diameter 30mm for HC PLAN 10x/20 or
22 eyepieces
Interpupillary distance setting: 55–75 mm
HCI 3T 22
Trinocular tube, 45°viewing angle
Light path: 100% vis
50% - 50%
100% photo
Field of view index up to 22
Eyepiece diameter 30 mm for HC PLAN 10x/20 or
22 eyepieces
Interpupillary distance setting: 55–75 mm
HCI BV 22
Ergo binocular tube with 15°–50°viewing angle
Field of view index up to 22
Eyepiece diameter 30mm for HC PLAN 10x/20 or
22 eyepieces
Interpupillary distance setting: 55–75 mm
Using a hexagonal screwdriver, slacken the
clamp screw (20.1, 21.1, 22.1) on the side of the
tube change mount on the stand and remove the
black cap.
Mount the tube so that the guide pin snaps in
position and the Siedentopf binocular element
(20.3, 21.3, 22.3) points upwards as a V shape.
Retighten the clamp screw. Hold on to the tube
until the clamp screw is tightened as otherwise it
might fall off.
Insert the eyepieces into the tube ports as far as
the stops.
Insert the eyepiece with adjustable eyelens into
the right-hand port, where it is easier to handle.
Fig. 20 HCI B 22
1Clamp screw, 2Tube port, 3Siedentopf binocular element
Fig. 21 HCI 3T 22
1Clamp screw, 2Tube port, 3Siedentopf binocular element,
4Photo/TV port, 5Beamsplitter switch rod
2
3
2
3
1
1
5
4