Megger T22/13B User manual

1
T 22/13 B
15 kV Burn Unit
USER GUIDE
Issue: A (04/2023) - EN
Article number: 128311145

2

Consultation with Megger
3
Consultation with Megger
The present user guide has been designed as an operating guide and for reference. It is
meant to answer your questions and solve your problems in as fast and easy a way as
possible. Please start with referring to this user guide should any trouble occur.
In doing so, make use of the table of contents and read the relevant paragraph with great
attention. Furthermore, check all terminals and connections of the instruments involved.
Should any question remain unanswered or should you need the help of an authorized
service station, please contact:
Megger Limited Megger Germany GmbH (Baunach)
Archcliffe Road
Kent CT17 9EN
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
E: [email protected]
Dr.-Herbert-Iann-Str. 6
D - 96148 Baunach
T: +49 / 9544 / 68 – 0
F: +49 / 9544 / 22 73
E: [email protected]
Megger Germany GmbH (Radeburg) Megger GmbH
Röderaue 41
D - 01471 Radeburg / Dresden
T: +49 / 35208 / 84 – 0
F: +49 / 35208 / 84 249
E: [email protected]
Obere Zeil 2
61440 Oberursel
T: 06171-92987-0
F: 06171-92987-19
E: [email protected]
Megger
All rights reserved. No part of this user guide may be copied by photographic or other means unless Megger
have before-hand declared their consent in writing. The information in this document is subject to change without
notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Megger. Megger cannot be made liable for technical or
printing errors or shortcomings of this user guide. Megger also disclaims all responsibility for damage resulting
directly or indirectly from the delivery, supply, or use of this matter.

Terms of Warranty
4
Terms of Warranty
Megger accept responsibility for a claim under warranty brought forward by a customer
for a product sold by Megger under the terms stated below.
Megger warrant that at the time of delivery Megger products are free from manufacturing
or material defects which might considerably reduce their value or usability. This warranty
does not apply to faults in the software supplied. During the period of warranty, Megger
agree to repair faulty parts or replace them with new parts or parts as new (with the same
usability and life as new parts) according to their choice.
This warranty does not cover wear parts, lamps, fuses, batteries and accumulators.
Megger reject all further claims under warranty, in particular those from consequential
damage. Each component and product replaced in accordance with this warranty
becomes the property of Megger.
All warranty claims versus Megger are hereby limited to a period of 12 months from the
date of delivery. Each component supplied by Megger within the context of warranty will
also be covered by this warranty for the remaining period of time but for 90 days at least.
Each measure to remedy a claim under warranty shall exclusively be carried out by
Megger or an authorized service station.
This warranty does not apply to any fault or damage caused by exposing a product to
conditions not in accordance with this specification, by storing, transporting, or using it
improperly, or having it serviced or installed by a workshop not authorized by Megger. All
responsibility is disclaimed for damage due to wear, force majeure or connection to foreign
components.
For damage resulting from a violation of their duty to repair or re-supply items, Megger
can be made liable only in case of severe negligence or intention. Any liability for slight
negligence is disclaimed.
Since some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of
consequential damage, the limitations of liability described above perhaps may not apply
to you.

Contents
5
Contents
Consultation with Megger...............................................................................................3
Terms of Warranty ...........................................................................................................4
Contents ...........................................................................................................................5
1Safety Instructions ...........................................................................................6
1.1General Notes ....................................................................................................6
1.2General Safety Instructions and Warnings.........................................................7
2Technical description ......................................................................................9
2.1System description .............................................................................................9
2.2Technical Data .................................................................................................11
2.3Display and operating elements.......................................................................12
2.4Connection elements........................................................................................13
3Commissioning ..............................................................................................14
3.1Electrical connection ........................................................................................15
4Performing measurements............................................................................18
4.1Conversion of fault resistance (Burning) ..........................................................18
4.2Perform sheath fault location............................................................................20
5Disconnecting the device from the test object ...........................................21
6Troubleshooting .............................................................................................22
7Storage, cleaning and maintenance.............................................................23

1Safety Instructions
1.1 General Notes
This user guide contains basic instructions for the commissioning and operation of the
device / system. For this reason, it is important to ensure that the user guide is always
available to the authorised and trained operator. They need to read the manual
thoroughly. The manufacturer is not liable for damage to material or humans due to non-
observance of the instructions and safety advices provided by this user guide.
Locally applying regulations have to be observed!
The following signal words and symbols are used in this user guide and on the product
itself:
Signal word /
symbol
Description
DANGER Indicates a potential hazard which will result in death or serious
injury if not avoided.
WARNING Indicates a potential hazard which may result in death or serious
injury if not avoided.
CAUTION Indicates a potential hazard which may result in moderate or
minor injury if not avoided.
NOTICE Indicates a potential hazard which may result in material damage
if not avoided.
Serves to highlight warnings and safety instructions.
As a warning label on the product it is used to draw attention to
potential hazards which have to be avoided by reading the user
guide.
Serves to highlight warnings and safety instructions that explicitly
indicate the risk of an electric shock.
Serves to highlight important information and useful tips on the
operation of the device/system. Failure to observe may lead to
unusable measurement results.
It is important to observe the generally applicable electrical regulations of the country in
which the device will be installed and operated, as well as the current national accident
prevention regulations and internal company directives (work, operating and safety
regulations).
After working on the system, it must be voltage-free and secured against reconnection as
well as having been discharged, earthed and short-circuited.
Use genuine accessories to ensure system safety and reliable operation. The use of other
parts is not permitted and invalidates the warranty.
Safety precautions
Labelling of safety
instructions
Working with products
from Megger

The system may only be installed and operated by an authorised electrician. DIN VDE
0104 (EN 50191), DIN VDE 0105 (EN 50110) and the German accident prevention
regulations (UVV) define an electrician as someone whose knowledge, experience and
familiarity with the applicable regulations enables them to recognise potential hazards.
Anyone else must be kept away!
The product meets the following security requirements of the European Council
Directives:
EMV Directive (2014/30/EC)
Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EC)
RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU)
1.2 General Safety Instructions and Warnings
The operational safety is only guaranteed if the delivered system is used as intended (see
page 9). Incorrect use may result in danger to the operator, to the system and the
connected equipment.
The thresholds listed in the technical data may not be exceeded under any circumstances.
Five safety rules
The five safety rules must always be followed when working with HV (High Voltage):
1. De-energise
2. Protect against re-energising
3. Confirm absence of voltage
4. Earth and short-circuit
5. Cover up or bar-off neighbouring energised parts
Using cardiac pacemaker / defibrillator
Physical processes during operation of high voltage may endanger
persons wearing a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator when near these
high voltage facilities.
Operating staff
Declaration of
Conformity (CE)
Intended application

Fire fighting in electrical installations
According to regulations, carbon dioxide (CO2) is required to be
used as extinguishing agent for fighting fire in electrical
installations.
Carbon dioxide is electrically non-conductive and does not leave
residues. It is safe to be used in energized facilities as long as the
minimum distances are maintained. A CO2fire extinguisher must
be always available within electrical installations.
If, contrary to the regulations, any other extinguishing agent is
used for firefighting, this can lead to damage to the electrical
installation. Megger disclaims any liability for consequential
damage. Furthermore, when using a powder extinguisher near
high-voltage installations, there is a danger that the operator of
the fire extinguisher will get an electrical shock from a voltage
flashover (due to the powder mist that occurs).
It is essential to observe the safety instruction on the
extinguishing agent.
Applicable is DIN VDE 0132.
WARNING
Dangers when working with high voltage
Working on high voltage systems and equipment – especially in non-
stationary operation – requires particular care and safety-conscious
action on the part of test personnel. VDE regulations 0104 on setting up
and operating electrical test systems, as well as EN 50191 and national
standards and regulations must be strictly adhered to.
The Burn Unit generates a dangerous voltage of up to 15 kV during
measurement operation. This is supplied to the test object via a high-
voltage cable.
The test system may not be operated without supervision.
Safety equipment must not be circumvented or put out of service.
Operation requires a minimum of two persons whereas the second
person must be able to activate the emergency switch in case of
danger.
To prevent dangerous charge accumulation, earth all metal parts in
the vicinity of the high voltage equipment.

2Technical description
2.1 System description
The powerful T 22/13 B 15 kV Burn Unit is mostly used for the conversion of high
resistance and intermittent cable faults into low resistance shunts.
This process known as „Burning“ uses the heat of an electric arc to turn the hydrocarbons
of the cable insulation at a fault point into conductive carbon. The fault resistance changes
to low-impedance values, allowing it to be used for pre-location using the pulse reflection
method and pinpointing using the twist method and the distortion-of-minimum method.
In addition to this classical application as a Burn Unit, the following methods are also
available for the T 22/13 B in combination with other devices:
Pre-location using the arc reflection method (ARM Live Burning) in combination
with a suitable coupling unit and a time domain reflectometer (TDR)
Sheath pinpointing in combination with a suitable ground fault detector
The T 22/13 B 15 kV Burn Unit is short-circuit proof and supplies constant power to the
changing fault resistance over a range of currents (constant power characteristics). The
burn-out voltage is infinitely variable. Output current and output voltage are displayed on
instruments, each with a choice of two measuring ranges. The maximum burn-out peak
current is 31 A.
A start preconditioning circuit and a discharge device are built in for safety.
The unit uses a 50 Hz high-voltage transformer which takes its primary supply from a
regulating transformer. The burn-out or charging current reaches the output via a bridge
rectifier.
In the case of low-impedance faults or operation using an energy separation filter (ESF)
the spark gap is opened and the charged capacitor is discharged into the output circuit
in relaxation oscillations, with a choke and recovery diodes providing power adjustment
to the fault. This allows the T 22/13 B 15 kV Burn Unit to achieve virtually constant
power characteristics.
In the case of very low external resistances, e.g. < 5 , overload protection prevents the
recovery diodes from overheating. The HV transformer is also protected against
overloading.
The T 22/13 B is provided by Megger either as a portable stand-alone device or as an
integrated part of a measuring system (preferably in a test van or on a pallet). While the
stand-alone device can be used completely autonomously according to the description in
this user guide and is equipped with all necessary safety devices, dependencies and
security mechanisms have to be observed when used in combination with other devices,
which can be found in the documentation of the respective measuring systems.
Application
Functional description
Product versions

The scope of delivery of the stand-alone device includes the following components:
Component Item number
Burn Unit 892477610
High-Voltage connecting cable, 2,5 m 893020630
Earthing cable, 2,5 m 893020641
Power cord, 4 m 893020631
Earth clamp 892480646
Earth connection clamp 893020642
User guide 128311145
Check the contents of the package for completeness and visible damage right after
receipt. In the case of visible damage, the device must under no circumstances be taken
into operation. If something is missing or damaged, please contact your local sales
representative.
Scope of delivery
Check contents

2.2 Technical Data
The T 22/13 B is defined by the following parameters:
Parameter Value
Power supply 230 V + 5% / - 10%, 50 Hz
(suitable transformer for connection to
120 V, 60 Hz available on demand)
Current consumption max. 16 A
Power consumption 3,5 kVA
Output voltage/no load max. 15 kV
Output current in short circuit:
without power adjustment
with power adjustment
300 mA
25 mA
Peak current 31 A
Overload protection for HV transformer
recovery diodes
leakage protection resistor
Clock circuit for Ground fault measurements
Operating system any
Dimensions 548 x 585 x 254 mm
(approx. 21½" x 23" x 10")
Weight 57 kg (approx. 126 lbs)
Ambient temperature range
in Operation
transport and storage
-25 °C to +55 °C
-40 °C to +70 °C
Relative atmospheric humidity 93 % at 30 °C

2.3 Display and operating elements
The following operating and display elements are located on the front panel of the
T 22/13 B:
Element Description
1 Adjustment of regulating transformer
2 Adjustment of spark gap
3 Voltmeter 0...20 kV
4 Switch for voltmeter, measuring range 5 kV / 20 kV
5 Ammeter 0...30 A
6 Switch for ammeter, measuring range 0,3 A / 30 A
7 Switch for clocking
8 "HV On" indicator lamp
9 "HV On" button
10 Mains control lamp
11 Mains switch
12 Control fuse Si3 T1A
13 Main fuse Si2 F20A
14 Main fuse Si3 F20A
15 Indicator lamp for malfunctions

2.4 Connection elements
The following connection and fuse elements are located on the back of the T 22/13 B:
Element Description
16 Terminal for protective ground
17 --- not in use anymore ---
(short circuit plug has to be plugged in at all times)
18 Mains socket
19 Safety switch (shutdown when HV plug is removed)
20 HV socket

3Commissioning
WARNING
General safety instructions for set-up and commissioning
The safety guidelines for the operation of mobile testing systems
often differ from one network operator to another and are frequently
subject to national regulations (such as the German BGI 5191).
Before the measurement session, find out what the applicable
guidelines are and follow the rules set out therein precisely, in respect
of the organisation of work and the commissioning of the mobile test
system.
Select a location that is sufficient for the weight and size of the
system and which ensures that it stands securely.
When setting up or connecting the device, make sure that it does not
impair the functional capability of any other systems or components.
If other systems and components have to be modified, be sure to
reverse these measures once the work has been completed. Always
take the special requirements of these systems and components into
account and only carry out work on them after consulting and
obtaining approval from whoever is in charge of them.
In the event of large differences in temperature between the storage
and installation locations (cold to warm) condensation may form on
components carrying high voltage (condensation effect). To avoid any
risk of damage to people and devices caused by voltage flashovers,
the system must not be operated when in this condition. It should
rather be left in the new environment to acclimatise for approximately
one hour before putting it into operation.

3.1 Electrical connection
This section describes exclusively the electrical connection of a stand-alone
device.
When installed in a test van, the device is already permanently connected to
the mains supply, the grounding system and the HV path of the test van.
Detailed instructions on how to connect the test van electrically can be found
in the accompanying user guide.
When using the stand-alone device in combination with other devices (such
as an energy separation filter or a reflectometer), the connection details can
be found in the enclosed documentation or requested from the sales partner.
WARNING
Safety instructions for the electrical connection
The system may only be connected to de-energized equipment. The
general safety instructions and, in particular, the five safety rules (see
page 7) must always be followed prior to connection to the test
object.
Follow the specified connection sequence.
All the cables at the measuring point that are out of operation and are
not to be tested must be shorted and earthed.
Because the amount of voltage applied to the test object poses a
danger in the event of contact, the prohibition zone around live parts
as defined in DIN EN 50191 (VDE 0104) must be cordoned off in a
way that it cannot be breached.
The ends of the cables must be shielded to ensure that contact is not
possible. When doing so, be sure to take all branches of the cables
into account.
The device should never be operated without the earthing cable
being connected. The earthing cable establishes the connection
between the device and protective earth and ensures that the device
is touch-proof. Earthing provided through the earth contact of the
mains connection is not sufficient. An earthing tester can be used to
check the protective earthing. Unless reliable earthing can be
guaranteed, the entire measurement setup must be considered live.
In this case, follow the instructions of the sections related to live
working in EN 50110-1. When working under these operating
conditions, insulating protective gloves of class 1 (or higher)
according to EN 60903 have to be worn!

The following figure shows the simplified connection diagram: Connection diagram
230 V, 50 Hz
Connection type for Fault conversion
Connection type for sheath fault location
Prohibited zone and test area according
to DIN EN 50191 (VDE 0104)

To connect the T 22/13 B to the test object, proceed as follows:
Step Action
1 Connect the device's protective earth connection to a suitable point on the
protective earth system (station earth or other suitable foundation earth
electrodes).
2 Insert the supplied earth probe into the ground as close as possible to the
device and connect the earth probe to the auxiliary earth connection via the
red reference earth cable .
3 If you want to perform a fault
conversion on a phase-shield-fault,
…
If you want to perform a sheath fault
location, …
… connect the shield of the HV
connection cable to the earthed shield
of the test object (system earth).
Connect the internal conductor of the
HV connection cable to the phase
conductor of the test object.
… connect the shield of the HV
connection cable to the earth rail of
the cable system to be tested (system
earth).
Connect the internal conductor of the
HV connection cable to the shield of
the test object.
The earthing of the shield must be
removed at both ends of the cable.
4 Connect the supplied power cord to the device's power receptacle and to a
power socket.
Procedure

4Performing measurements
If the T 22/13 B is operated in combination with other devices or as part of a test van, it
has to be ensured before starting the measurement that the necessary safety
requirements are met and that all devices involved are set to the correct operating mode.
If the conversion of the fault resistance is to be followed live on a TDR, first there must be
a reference image recorded with it, then the recording of the fault trace must be started.
Detailed information on how to proceed can be found in the user guides of
the involved devices or the test van.
4.1 Conversion of fault resistance (Burning)
To conduct a conversion of the fault resistance perform the following steps:
Step Action
1 Turn mains switch on.
Result: Green mains control lamp is on.
2 Turn regulating transformer and spark gap as far anticlockwise as it
will go.
3 At the start, the switch for ammeter may be set to 0,3 A in order to be
able to better perceive the onset of the burning process.
When opening the spark gap (see step 8), at the latest, the switch for
ammeter must be set to 30 A, as the output current of the Burn Unit is not
displayed in the 0.3 range with an open spark gap.
4 Press the "HV On" button .
Result: The indicator lamp "HV On" is on.
5 Increase the voltage by slowly turning the regulating transformer
clockwise, while observing the voltmeter .
CAUTION
When burning on low-voltage cables, the voltmeters has to be
observed particularly closely. Under certain conditions, the
change of the fault can lead to a ramp-up of the voltage. This
could result in values that exceed the maximum permissible
cable voltage. In this case, a shutdown should be carried out
immediately via the mains switch .
As the T 22/13 B 15 kV Burn Unit is equipped with a peak
voltmeter, even transient voltage peaks are displayed so that
risks to the cable can be avoided.
6 Increase the voltage until a voltage flashover occurs at the fault position.
Result: At the moment of the flashover, the output current increases abruptly
while the displayed output voltage decreases visibly.
Prepare devices
involved
Procedure

Step Action
7 Wait until the cable fault is burned down and no significant voltage is visible.
CAUTION
Premature opening of the spark gap can lead to excess
voltages (doubling of voltage by travelling waves).
8 Slowly open the spark gap until continuous flashovers (100 Hz rate) can
be heard.
Now, at the latest, the switch for the ammeter has to be set to 30 A.
9 As soon as the displayed current value no longer increases, stop the burning
process by turning and as far anticlockwise as possible.
10 Switch of the device via the mains switch .
Result: The measuring circuit is automatically discharged.

4.2 Perform sheath fault location
To locate a sheath fault, proceed as follows:
Step Action
1 Turn mains switch on.
Result: Green mains control lamp is on.
2 Turn regulating transformer and spark gap as far anticlockwise as it
will go.
3 Ensure, that the switch is not set on clocking.
4 Set the switch for ammeter to 0,3 A.
5 Press the "HV On" button .
Result: The indicator lamp "HV On" is on.
6 Increase the voltage to the admissable value or until sufficient current flows
by slowly turning the regulating transformer clockwise.
7 Set the switch to clocking.
8 Locate the sheath fault using an earth fault locator (e.g. ESG NT2).
Detailed instructions on how to operate the earth fault locator can
be found in the corresponding user guide.
9 Switch of the device via the mains switch .
Result: The measuring circuit is automatically discharged.
Procedure