Monark 839 User manual

Monark 839 User Manual
MEC3V11n
Monark Exercise AB
Sweden
Eng.edit.1

MEC3V11Rn
Edit. 1
Terminal BT2V1

CONTENTS
0. General 0:1
Warranty 0:1
Assembly Instruction 0:2
1. Introduction
Overview, How To Use This Manual 1:1
Specifications 1:2
Where To Obtain Additional Information 1:2
2. Getting Started
Final assembly 2:1
Installing optional equipment 2:1
InitialOperation 2:1
3. Testing With the 839 Ergometer
Performance Validation 3:1
CalibrationElectronics 3:2
Preparation for Testing 3:3
Heart Rate detection 3:4
Subject Supervision 3:4
ReviewingResults 3:5
4. Computer Reference
MainDisplay,KeyboardLayout 4:1
RPM display and Visual metronome/Pulse 4:1
Printer-printout 4:2
Testing-General 4:3
Menusystem,overview 4:4
ProtocolOperation Åstrand 4:6
YMCA 4:9
Bruce 4:10
Naughton 4:11
Manually: Forcereg., power reg.,
VO2reg., HR-reg. 4:12
Work test: Increment,Ramp 4:14
Createseq.programs: 4:15
System menu: 4:17
ServiceMenu: 4:18
ExternalInterface 4:20
5. Mechanical Reference
Calibration Pendulum Weight 5:1
Zero Adjustment Meter Panel 5:1
Brake Belt, Contact Surface and Brake Belt 5:2
Replacement of Brake Belt 5:2
Pendulum Weight Bearing 5:2
Chain 5:3
Crank Bearing 5:3
Replacement of the Freewheeling Sprocket 5:4
FlywheelBearing 5:5
Replacement of Crank Sensor 5:5
6. Appendix
Operation Interfaces 6:1
References 6:2

CUSTOMER SERVICES
If technical assistance is required, please contact your MONARK-dealer or
MONARK EXERCISE AB, S-780 50 VANSBRO, SWEDEN, + 46 281 594940, Fax + 46 340 71981.
MONARK EXERCISE AB, S-432 82 VARBERG, SWEDEN, + 46 340 86000, Fax + 463 40 80485.
PREFACE
Congratulations on your decision to purchase a product manufactured by Monark Exercise AB in Varberg,
Sweden. Monark has been the worlds leading manufacturer of high quality ergometer and exercise cycles for
more than 35 years.
The Monark 839 Computerised Ergometer is built on the world famous model 818 mechanical ergometer,
equipped with a microcomputer workload controller.
The perfect balance of a straight forward mechanical design and a sophisticated microcomputer assures the
owner of the complete validation of the 839´s performance.
As with all other technical products, your Monark exercise equipment needs regular maintenance. With
minimal care you will avoid unnecessary repairs and have years of dependable, trouble free performance from
your purchase.
WARRANTY
As on any quality product there may be an exceptional fault due to material or manufacture. If such a fault
should arise on your ergometer, please return to place of purchase for necessary repair.
Monark products and parts are guaranteed against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one
year from the initial date of purchase of the unit.
Please note: Monark will provide a transformer. Should you choose to utilise your own transformer, you must
assume all responsibility in the event of improper wiring which could result in burnt out electronics.
NB If the power cord from the wall outlet to the transformer is not correct and approved in the country used you
must find one that is approved for your own country.
Parts found to need replacement due to normal wear and tear, such as brake belts, are not covered. This
guarantee covers parts only, not labour costs associated with the repair.
This guarantee does not apply to cases of abuse or vandalism, nor does it extend to any injury or loss to
person or property caused directly or indirectly by any Monark products.
In the event of a defect in material or workmanship during the warranty period, Monark will repair or replace
( at its option ) the product. Monark will do so at its expense for the cost of materials but not for labour or ship-
ping.
SEE YOUR PHYSICIAN FIRST !
Before you begin exercising you should have a complete medical examination. Your physician will probably
give you a go-ahead. Even persons with serious organic disorders, including many heart attack victims, are
able to exercise under carefully prescribed conditions.
However, if you have a history of cardiorespiratory problems, or if you have reason to suspect the existence of
such a problem it’s a good idea to have an exercise, or stress electrocardiogram (ECG). It will help your physi-
cian detect any complications that might be provoked by prolonged, strenuous exertion.
In addition, if you have had any recent surgery, or muscle, joint or back problems, always consult your
physician first. 0:1

PARTSBELOW ARE NOT ASSEMBLED.
Pedal,pair
Front support tube(with wheels) + two lock nuts
Rear support tube + two bolts + two lock nuts
Handlebar complete
Computer control unit + cable
Transformer + power cable
Chest belt incl. transmitter
HRreceiver
Tool kit:
Instructionmanual
Åstrand “Work tests with the bicycle ergometer”
Calibrationweight4 kg
ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION
Tip the cycle forward.
Note: Use the accompanying spanner.
Assemble the support tube with two bolts and two nuts.
Tip the cycle backwards.
Assemble the front support tube with two nuts onto the two bolts in the
frame
Adjust to desired saddle height position by loosening the saddle post bolt.
In order to change the inclination of the saddle, loosen the saddle clip.
NOTE: Tighten firmly.
Removethetube from the handlebar head. The tube isonlythere to secure the bike
duringtransport.
Before the handlebar stem is assembled be sure the wedge is loose. Insert
the handlebar stem into the head tube and tighten the wedge bolt firmly by
means of the lever. The handlebar stem should be inserted into the fork
tube at least 7 cm ( about 3 inches). Usually this measure is marked out.
To change the height of the handlebar, loosen the bolt lever about 5 turns.
Tap the bolt to release the expanding cone. Adjust the handlebar to the
desired position and tighten the wedge by means of the lever.
In order to change inclination of the handlebar, loosen the lever somewhat.
Adjust to desired position and tighten the handlebar firmly again by means
of the lever.
0:2

The pedal marked R ( Right ) is to be
assembled on the right hand side of the
cycle ( the chain wheel side ).
The pedal axle has a right hand thread and
must be threaded onto the crank clockwise.
Tighten firmly!
The pedal marked L ( Left ) is to be
assembled on the left hand side of the
cycle. The pedal axle has a left hand tread
and must be threaded onto the crank
counter clockwise. Tighten firmly.
Dismantle the front cover of the flywheel. Remove the
transport blocks inside. One block inserted above the
flywheel and one block under the flywheel.
Remove the tape from the flywheel.
NOTE: It is very important that all of the
plastic tape is removed. Residue of
the plastic tape may cause an
uneven operation.
Assemble the brake belt as before.
Assemble the cover again.
0:3

INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
The Monark 839 Electronic Ergometer is a complex structure of mechanical equipment under the control
of an elaborate computer system. The computer provides a fine element of control which was not possible
to obtain using strictly mechanical devices.
The mechanical component is basically the proven Model 818 ergometer, consisting of a stable, heavy
duty steel frame, a large well balanced heavy flywheel, a belt braking device, and a force measuring
pendulum assembly. Pedals and a chain drive are provided to spin the flywheel as a tension device
tightens the belt to regulate the braking force applied to the wheel. The pendulum indicates the applied
force directly on the scale located on the right side of the flywheel.
The computer system consists of one main unit and one terminal. The main unit reads in the pedal speed,
the applied force and determines the subjects heart rate by a chest transmitter or an ear plethysmograph.
Additionally, the base controller activates motor to adjust the tension of the belt, thereby regulating the ap-
plied braking force. The force may be automatically varied in response to changes in pedal speed to main-
tain a constant power workload.
The terminal( the remote or hand-held controller) communicates with the operator via a keyboard and dis-
play system. The operator instructs via a menu system the terminal to perform certain work functions
which are in turn sent to the main computer. The interaction between the computers is bidirectional, pro-
viding control instructions to the main computer and simultaneously providing speed, force, heart rate and
timing information to the terminal(hendheld).
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
The manual is divided into several sections. Initially, the section entitled “ Getting Started“ should be read
to establish some basic operating principles of the ergometer. This chapter enables the user to assemble
and check out the ergometer through some very simple procedures.
Once the user is confident in the elemental operation of the ergometer, reading should continue with
section “Testing with the 839 Ergometer “. This introduces the procedures for using the programmed
portions of the ergometer, the protocols.
Prior to reading the sections about the computer and protocols, the user should briefly read though the
portions concerned with the mechanical maintenance of the ergometer, the “ Mechanical Reference“. This
section describes periodic maintenance and repair techniques. Reading of this section is suggested so
that the user is aware of the proper maintenance philosophy at an early date, rather than after a
component failure.
Finally, the section “ Computer Reference “ should be tackled. The reader is advised to skim this section
on the first exposure due to the depth of the material presented. To avoid confusion, hands on learning is
probably the best technique after the initial reading. The reader should try depressing the keys as indicates
in the examples. The user need not to be concerned with the completion of a protocol. Learning how to
make the ergometer do what is desired is more important at this time. The proper setup of the test should
be the users focus.
Once the user feels comfortable with the basic operation of the ergometer, simple exercise should be
performed. The user should attempt to attach a chest belt during this exercise and verify that the
ergometer is under the control of the operator and that a stable heart rate is recorded. After the user
masters manual ergometer operation and is capable of instrument a subject to reliably measure heart rate,
protocol operation will be very simple. At that time, a review of the section entitled
“ Testing with the 839 Ergometer “ will prove extremely helpful.
1:1

SPECIFICATIONS
Construction: Stable, heavy duty steel frame
Large, well balanced flywheel
Brake power 0-1400 W at 200 RPM
Comfortable saddle with adjustable height
Handlebars adjustable in height and distance from seat
Wheel for easy transport
Computer: Computer system 8MHz
High visibility backlit display
Multi-colour RPM pacing bar graph display
Visual metronome or heart rate
Heart rate maximum limit alarm
Serialcommuncationport: 300 - 38400 baud
Preprogrammed protocols: Åstrand, YMCA, Bruce, Naughton,
Incremental, Ramp.
HR-training
Measuredguantities:
Distance: meters, miles
Energy: kcal
Heart rate: beats/minute(bpm)
Force: newtons(N)
Power: Watts (W), kpm/min or VO2 ml/min/kg
Time: min, sec
Weight: kilogram(kg),pounds(lb)
Electrical: Voltage 24 VDC or 18 VAC.
Transformer to wall outlet. 100 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 15 W.
Note: The transformer must be approved by your national electrial authorities.
Dimentions: Length: 1120 mm (44´´)
Width: 530 mm (21´´)
Height, at handlebar: 650-1135 mm (30´´- 45 ´´)
Height at saddle: 800-1120 mm (31.5´´- 44´´)
Wegiht: 55 kg (112 lbs)
WHERE TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The user may require more information concerning several areas of the ergometer usage. This manual
was intended to instruct the reader primarily in the operationof the ergometer. Reference are made to re-
lated topics in the discussions concerning the testing procedures and the protocol operation sections.
The following readings may provide some greater insight to ergometer based testing without confusing the
reader with extremely technical medical terms. Both texts were written specifically to provide basic under-
standing of the testing methodology and results. Attention is paid to details concerning program setup and
management.
Golding LA, Myers CR, Sinning WE, The y´s way to physical fitness“, YMCA of the USA, Rosemont, IL,
1982.
Astrand P-O, “Work Tests with the Bicycle Ergometer“, Monark AB, Varberg, Sweden.
For more technical details, see the section entitled “Appendix: Reference“
1:2

GETTING STARTED
Monark 839 Final Assembly Instructions
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO ASSEMBLING THE ERGOMETER!
Assemble the supporting legs, pedals, saddle and handlebar as specified under
“Assembly Instruction”.
Remember to remove the transport tape on the pendulum.
INSTALLING OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
The839 Electronic Ergometer interfaces to several optional devices.Aparallelinterfacedprinter may be
attached to provide written reports. A terminal may be used to control the ergometer.
A computer may be connected to communicate with the ergometer under programmed control and
monitorthe subjects performance.
Formore information regarding external control units se chapter “External TecknicalReference”.
The terminal or the computer attaches both via a serial cable to the 9 pin interface connector located on the
frontoftheergometer.Attach a printer if availabletotheparallel port on the front.
The ergometer need not be turned off prior to connection of the external components, although removing
the power from all devices may prevent erroneous data transfer between equipment during
interconnection. Caution must be exercised in the connection of various types of equipment from different
manufactures to avoid electrical hazards and physical damage. The user must be certain that the
instrument connector and the cable are designed for the intended purpose. Serious injury to the user and/
or equipment may result if inappropriate connections are attempted.
Attach the cable to the appropriate connector. Turn on both pieces of equipment if not already powered.
If the instrument is a terminal or printer, the system may need to be setup. Verify that the System setup
have been set to enable automatic printout. If it has been disabled, no output will reach the device until it
has been enabled. Also, the baud rate selected by the interface cable must match that of the device. See
“Command Interface“ for details. If the device is a printer, proper paper loading and unit selection must be
completed prior to operation ( refer to printer instruction manual).
The automatic printout length is a preset to eleven inch pages for standard fanfold or zee-fold paper. At the
top of the each page, a header designating the columns is printed. The abbreviations are discussed in the
“External Interface“ section 4.6.
The time period between the printing of each line may be set as desired, from 0 (continuous output) to
255 seconds in one second increments. The standard setting is 15 seconds between printouts. This pro-
vides reasonable documentation while not wasting large quantities of paper.
INITIAL OPERATION
Although all 839 ergometers are 100% calibrated at the factory, the user may wish to verify this by
performing the mechanical calibration of the pendulum weight. See section “Mechanical Reference, Cali-
bration of Pendelum Weight”.
Apply power to the ergometer by first connecting the cable from the transformer to the ergometer at the
front connector labelled “ 24VAC/18VAC“. Then plug the transformer into the wall outlet.
Turn the power switch to on position. A green LED indicates power to the 839.
Perform the electrical calibration as specified in section “Testing with the 839 Ergometer,
CalibrationElectronics”.
Test ride the ergometer. The 839 Electronic Ergometer is now fully functional and ready.
2:1

TESTING WITH THE 839 ERGOMETER
PERFORMANCE VALIDATION
The 839 is a mechanically weighted and braked ergometer, making performance validation a simple pro-
cedure. The work performed on the ergometer is the product of the weight lifted times the numbers of
revolutions (factored). Validation includes both mechanical and electronic procedures. If the ergometer
fails to pass any section of the validation, proceed to the calibration and/or service menu
(99 in the main menu).
Inspection of all mechanical components is suggested after any repair, component service.
Once per year, the following validation should be performed.
Pendulum Weight:
1. Remove the cover from the flywheel.
2. Loosen the brake belt at the balancing spring.
3. Wait until the flywheel is not moving any longer.
4. The pendulum weight index should be aligned with “0“ on the scale.
5. Attach the calibration weight to the point at which the spring was attached.
6. The known weight should match the value on the scale. If not see section “Calibration of Pendulum
Weight “.
7. Reattach the tension belt.
8. Reassemble the cover.
Proceedtothevalidation to complete.
Validation
The following procedure will assure the user that the ergometer is performing properly on a daily basis.
The test exercises the mechanical braking, pedalling and speed detecting systems as well as the compu-
ter regulation and sensing capability of the mechanical system.
Additionally, if a calibrated ECG simulator is available, it may be used to verify the heart rate measuring
system. Whether the simulator is used or not, the heart rate system may be validated by simply taking a
pulse point rate measurement at the neck for example. While a patient is at rest and has been prepared
for chest belt electrodes or an ear sensor, the pulse indicator flashes once per pulse beat. The displayed
rate, should agree with the manually detected pulse rate. If not, check the patient electrode connection and
skin preparation prior to requesting service.
Force:
From main menu go to any start display with newtons (N).
1. With the pendulum at zero, the display should read “ 0“.
2. Movethependelumweightto the 4 kp position and the display should read “39“ Newtons.
3. Decrease the position of the weight by steps of 1 kp. The display should read correctly at all positions.
NB: After this check the brake belt will be somewhat loose and because of this it will take a few seconds
before normal workload is obtained the first time the ergometer is used.
Power:
Power calculation
1 RPM = 6 m on the flywheel brake surface.
50 rpm = 300 m
2 kp force makes 2 x 300 = 600 kpm/min
100 rpm = 600 m
1 kp force makes 1 x 600 = 600 kpm/min
3:1

CALIBRATION ELECTRONICS
Calibration is necessary to match the mechanics of the ergometer to the electronics of the computer.
The following steps are required to recalibrate the electronics to the pendulum scale.
1. Check at the bottom of the flywheel that the brake belt is loose. If not move the pendulum up to 3 kp
and hold it for a few seconds. Move the pendulum to the zero position again. Check that the brake belt is
loose.
2. Align the force scale with zero marker on the pendulum. Refer to section “Meter Board Zero Adjustment” for
details.
3. Press key 5in the main menu (Calibration) and follow the display instructions.
a) Hold the pendulumat 0-positionandwait forone “beep”.
a)Hold the pendulum at 2 kp-position and wait for one “beep”.
a)Hold the pendulum at 4 kp-position and wait for one “beep”.
b) Move the pendulum to the 6kp position as told in the display. Hold it in position and wait for two “beeps”
short after each other.
c)Lowerthependulumtotherestingposition(0-marking).
Calibrationis done.
The calibration coefficient which has been calculated by the computer is stored in the continuous memory.
Wheneverpowerisappliedtotheergometer,the latest calibration value is restored to maintain memory. A new
calibrationreplaces previousvalues.
Generally, it is not necessary to recalibrate the ergometer often. The coefficient is maintained even when
power is removed and the physical orientation of the frame, within the limits of normal riding, has no effect on
theelectrical calibration. Recalibration should be preformed following anyservice,componentreplacement,or
transportofthe unit or after setting to default intheservice menu(99).
A daily validation of the pendulum force sensor should be preformed. If the procedure reveals an error,
recalibration may be necessary.
Check of the electronic calibration can be done as follows.
From main menu go to any of the test displays shoeing newtons (N).
Movethe pendulum to 4 kp(39N).
This position shall now be read in the display. If not perform a new calibration.
NB! After this check the brake belt will be loose, which means that the first time the ergometer is used
after calibration it it will take a few seconds before normal workload is obtained.
3:2

PREPARATION FOR TESTING
The versatility of the 839 Electronic Ergometer enable it to be utilised in a variety of testing environments.
The precision and reproducibility of measurements made with the ergometer in conjunction with the ease
of testing, allow it to be employed in clinical exercise stress facilities, corporate fitness programs and
health clubs. The backgrounds of both the individuals being tested and those administering the test may
be vastly different in these widely varying testing situations.
In general, whether in a clinical laboratory or a health club, the subject may be exercised quite strenuously,
depending on workloads which have been selected. As a precaution, it may be advisable, prior to
beginning an exercise protocol, that each subject consult with a physician.
Before testing, the operator should review the entire protocol operation with the subject, explaining the
work which will be required and the duration of the procedure. A system of communicating fatigue, chest
pain or other abnormal physical response to the exercise should be discussed.
The subject should not engage in heavy physical activity for several hours prior to testing to establish
maximum oxygen consumption. In addition, all testing and exercise protocols should be performed a
reasonable time after meals. The subject should also refrain from smoking within an hour of the testing
period.
The subject should not be prepared for riding the ergometer, including the selection of proper clothing
which neither interferes with the physical activity nor endangers the health of the subject. The subject may
need some general education concerning the pedalling of the ergometer. The saddle and the handlebars
should be adjusted for comfort and proper mechanical distance. The saddle height should be set so that
when the ball of the subject’s foot is placed on the pedal, there is a slight bend at the knee with the pedal
in the lowest position.
The operation of the speed metronome and over/under display should be reviewed. The maintenance of
the proper speed should be practised at a low workload.
Finally, the chest belt should be applied and monitored to check for proper heart rate operation.
The baseline heart rate may also be of assistance in determining the nervousness of the subject.
The subject should exhibit a relatively stable resting heart rate prior to starting the protocol.
3:3

HEART RATE: ELECTRODE-BELT AND EAR PLETHYSMOGRAPH
The subject’s heart rate can be monitored by chest belt telemetry system or by an ear clip which measures
heart rate by light transmission through the ear. Only the system with chest belt electrodes is standard
equipment. The ear sensor system is an option.
Telemetry system (chest belt with transmitter)
The chest belt should be secured at a comfortable tension around the mid section, just below the breasts.
Moistentheelectrodesbeforeuse.Heartratemonitoring,free from artifact, requires good electrode contacts
and adequate skin preparation. Prior to placing the electrodes, the subjects skin, at the electrodes sites,
should be cleaned with one of the commercial skin prep solution. After the chest belt is placed the heart
rate will be displayed and the heart will verify each beat. If the RPM bar is set to show optical heart beat in
the middle section this will also verify each heart beat.
NOTE! Elektromagnetic waves can interfere the telemetry system. Cellular phones are not allowed
to be used near the bike during test.
If the ergometer is to be used without chestbelt note that max heart alarm should be set in off position so
that external noise not can cause a random max pulse or higher. This switch is in on position by default. If
the heart rate exceeds the maximum level set, the alarm will sound and the ergometer braking force will
decrease until the heart rate drops below the alarm level.
Ear Plethysmograph (ear clip sensor)
(Notstandard equipment. Can be baught as an option part.no 9303-93 + 9339-64)
The ear plethysmograph was designed for those applications in which heart rate is desired for simple
monitoring purposes. The technique may provide excellent heart rates for some individuals while others
mayfailto indicate at rest or after moderate exercise,dependingon peripheral circulatory function, room
temperature, smoking and many other variables. Basically, if the pulse display is in agreement with neck
pulse point throughout the session, the heart rate is valid.
The device plugs into the connector at the handlebar stem. Once plugged in, a small IR ( infrared) light is
illuminated in the ear clip. The opposite side contains a light sensitive cell. The device is then placed on the
eartomeasurechange in light transmission resulting from pulsating blood flow.
The placement of the ear clip is very subjective and should be chosen to maximise signal and consistency,
while also maintaining subject comfort. A good place is generally on the fleshy portion of the ear lobe on
individuals with detached lower lobes. Others seem to favour the upper portion of the ear. Trial and error
will determine the best location for each individual subject.
When proper function a green LED on the connector box is blinking in the same rate as the heart.
SUBJECT SUPERVISION
The ergometer performs automated tests virtually by itself, requiring minimal intervention by the operator.
This allows the operator to pay careful attention to the subject without distraction. The response to the
exercise protocol an be accurately estimated and appropriate action to assist the subject, if necessary,
may be given. The rider is subjected to considerable exercise in certain advanced protocol stages. The
effect on the subject should not be underestimated.
During the testing, the general appearance and heart rate may be the most crucial factors to monitor. The
testing should be stopped immediately if the subject reports chest pain, difficulty breathing, etc. A system
of prompt medical attention should be set up prior to testing, in case of emergency.
3:4

The subject may also show difficulty in regulating the speed of the ergometer. The power will be properly
regulated regardless of the speed, assuming that the protocol work type is not force and that the speed is
maintained above the pedal low setting (default is 30 RPM).
In addition , some subjects may become sensitive to the display on the handheld remote controller. If this
is suspected, the controller may be removed from its cradle and located out of view. Similarly, the pulse
LED may disturb the subject and may be disabled.
REVIEWING RESULTS
The maximum oxygen uptake is the standard measurement of cardiopulmonary fitness. Dependent on the
linear relationship between work and oxygen uptake and between work and heart rate, the heart rate
response to work may be used to estimate the oxygen consumption. If the maximum heart rate is
considered, the maximum oxygen consumption may be determined.
The YMCA and Astrand protocols estimate the maximum oxygen consumption, based on a submaximal
workload while all others report the oxygen consumption required by the final workload. The Bruce and
Naughton protocols require that the subject exercise at a workload level for a minimum of one minute to
establish the oxygen consumption; If less than one minute is observed, The previous workload value is
used.
The estimated maximum oxygen consumption derived from some of the ergometer tests is subject to the
error of the “ age related predicted maximum heart rate“. Although there is a definite and linear relationship
between work and oxygen uptake, there are some differences in actual oxygen uptake based on individual
work efficiency. Subject who are less familiar with bicycle exercise and those individuals who are less fit,
are more likely be less efficient than those who ride bicycles frequently.
It should be noted that these results are estimates or predictions of maximal response and have a greater
chance of being in error than if the individual were tested to their actual maximum value. Interpretation
should therefore be made more carefully with an understanding of the possibility of errors in the
methodology.
A relative fitness index can be obtained from the following tables :
Fitness Rating Index - Males Fitness Rating Index - Females
Maximum Oxygen Consumption Maximum Oxygen Consumption
ml/kg/min ml/kg/min
Rating vs. Age Ranges Rating vs. Age Ranges
- 36 yrs. 36 - 45 yrs. 45 - yrs - 36 yrs. 36 - 45 yrs. 45 - yrs.
Excellent 54 53 43 Excellent 55 49 46
Good 49 45 38 Good 45 43 38
AboveAv. 46 39 34 AboveAv. 39 37 32
Average 36 33 30 Average 34 33 27
BelowAv. 32 29 27 BelowAv. 30 29 24
Fair 28 25 24 Fair 26 26 20
Poor 24 23 20 Poor 20 22 18
See also table 7 in “ Work tests with the Bicycle Ergometer“ by P O Astrand ( reference 6.3.8.)
3:5

COMPUTER REFERENCE
TERMINAL
MAIN DISPLAY (on the terminal)
See also Menu System Overview.
KEYBOARD LAYOUT
Used keys:
Key 1 - 9: menu chice and numeric input
Arrow key up/down: scroll function
Dot key: decimal input
Del.key: delete function
Enter: enters input
Special function during fixed protocols:
Key 9: increase step on force/power level
Key 6: decrease step on force/power level
Key 3: start/stop program
Key 7 8 9: increase level
Key 4 5 6: decrease level
RPM DISPLAY and VISUAL Metronome/Pulse (on the bike)
METRONOME (the two green LED bars in the middle)
flashes once per pedal stroke preset rate.
The two green LED bars in the middle can also be set to show pulse.
Makes then one flash for every heart beat.
Pedal frequency compared to metronome rate is always shown.
Underspeed: Pedal speed is lower than desired metronome
rate.
2, 4, 8, 16 or more depending which LED bar
that indicates.
Overspeed: Pedalspeed is greaterthandesired metronome
rate.
2, 4, 8, 16 or more depending which LED bar
that indicates.
ERGOMETER CONTINUOUS MEMORY
To ease operation of the ergo meter, several “variables” are stored in “nonvolatile memory” . These vari-
ables are restored to normal memory each time power is applied to the ergometer.
4:1
1 Fitness test
2 Man./Work test
3 Seq. programs
4 Analog control

4:2
PRINTER REPORT
If a parallel printer (DOS compatible) is connected to the Ergometer a hard copy test report may be obtained,
documenting the protocol progress at preset time intervals. At the end of a fixed protocol, a calculation is pre-
pared.
NOTE:
Theautoprintoutfunction must be enabled for the printer to operate outside fixed protocols.
Tochange the time interval between successive printouts, see System menu.
SampleReport:
Monark Ergometer 839E. Åstrand - report:1 Page: 1
Name: .......................................................................
Test: ........................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
Sign: .......................................................................
Age: 43 years Weight: 82.0 kg Sex: Male
Max.Heart Rate(bpm):177
Time RPM BPM N kcal km/h km Ref.
00:30 64 82 4.0 1.0 23.1 0.2 1500 kpm/min
01:00 64 107 38.0 8.0 23.1 0.4 1500 kpm/min
01:30 57 127 43.0 16.0 20.4 0.6 1500 kpm/min
02:00 53 139 46.0 25.0 19.1 0.8 1500 kpm/min
02:30 52 143 47.0 33.0 18.7 1.0 1500 kpm/min
03:00 53 151 48.0 41.0 19.1 1.1 1500 kpm/min
03:30 53 150 46.0 50.0 19.1 1.3 1500 kpm/min
04:00 51 153 48.0 58.0 18.3 1.4 1500 kpm/min
04:30 52 154 48.0 67.0 19.8 1.6 1500 kpm/min
05:00 53 155 46.0 75.0 19.0 1.7 1500 kpm/min
05:30 54 157 46.0 83.0 19.5 1.8 1500 kpm/min
06:00 57 156 43.0 92.0 20.4 2.0 1500 kpm/min
Measured heart rate (BPM) : 156
Calculated maximum V02: Max: 49.4 ml/kg/min 4.05 l/min

PROTOCOL OPERATION
A protocol operation cycles the ergometer through a predefined workload sequence, automatically. The
protocol may be designed to alter the workload according to time or a physiological response such as
heart rate. Several of the protocols may be modified or customized by the user to suit specific needs.
The programmed sequence of workload may be set to provide a varying workload. The rate of change of
the workload may be specifically set in some protocols. Still other protocols may exercise the subject to a
maximum (or submaximal) effort to determine an index of fitness (oxygen consumption).
A protocol may terminate based on the passage of time or the satisfaction of a specific physiological con-
ditions such as a “steady state” heart rate. For details, refer to the specific protocol operation description.
At the conclusion of a protocol, a summery is printed, if the optional external printer is installed. This report
includes various identification data: the protocol name , the subjects age, weight, sex. In addition, test re-
sults are printed, including the predicted maximum heart rate, the actual steady state heart rate, the maxi-
mum workload and the “V02 max”. The V02 maximum is expressed both as a total body usage in l/minute
and per kg of body weight in ml/kg/minute. If a printer is not available, only the V02 max data, both in l/min
and ml/kg/min are displayed. The interpretation and meaning of the V02 max data is specific to the design
of the particular protocol. Certain protocols are simply programmed exercise and therefore are not de-
signed to measure V02. Please refer to the specific protocol description prior to attaching any significance
to the reported value.
The computer controller for the 839 Ergometer can preform different protocols in addition to strict manual
operation. Four protocols have been preset and 2 are partly preset . Several preprogrammed protocols
measure oxygen consumption at steady state: the Astrand, using a single workload, the YMCA, using
multiple branching workloads (“YMCAs Way to Physical Fitness” bicycle test) and the Bruce and
Naughton, using multiple increasing workloads (treadmill protocols adapted to bicycles ergometry). Addi-
tional preprogrammed protocols, not designed to measure V02, provide timed increasing workloads (ramp
and incremental) and a heart rate training program in which a target heart rate is set and the ergometer
attempts to maintain the target rate by varying the applied workload accordingly.
All protocol operations enable the heart alarm feature. The alarm value is preset to 220 - age. During the
test setup procedure, the maximum heart rate may be changed depending on the subjects exercise
prescription or other constraints.
If the heart rate exceeds the alarm value, a beeping tone will be heard until the heart rate falls below the
alarm point or the alarm is disabled. When the alarm sounds, the workload is removed, automatically, to
prevent overstressing the subject.
The alarm feature may be disabled, particularly if the protocol does not require monitoring of the subject’s
heart rate. If heart rate is not being monitored, start the protocol and then disable the alarm.
The automatic protocol attempt to exercise the subject at specific oxygen consumption levels. The
ergometer achieves this by producing a braking force which, in normal individuals, requires the consump-
tion of the desired volume of oxygen. Note that most protocols express the V02 in ml/kg/min, therefore,
the total V02 required is calculated using the subjects weight and subsequently converted to a power
workload. The table below shows the nominal work equivalent to various oxygen consumption rates.
Work load Oxygen uptake
(kpm/min) (L/min)
300 0.9
600 1.5
900 2.1
1200 2.8
1500 3.5
1800 4.2
2100 5.0
2400 5.7
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