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ladle
IhaeN
TRS-SO
@)
ModelII
Disk
Operating
System
Reference
Manual
ADescription of
the
Operating
System:
General Information, Operator
Commands,
Technical Information
CUSTOM MANUFACTURED IN THE U.S.A. BY RADIO
SHACK
~
ADIVISION OFTANDY CORPORATION
Section 0
New
Release Update
TRSDOS
2.0
This sectionpertainsto the latestrelease
of
TRSOOS.
It
describes
important
operations
you
should
perform
before
beginning
any
specific
application. It
alsosummarizesthe
changes
and
improvements
contained
in this version
OfTRSOOS.
Before
attempting
to follow
any
operationsgiven in thissection, you
should
read
Section
1.
Fordetailson
programs
or
utilitiesmentioned, see the
specific
entryforthat
subject
(use the Index).
Important
Do
not
tryto use 1.1
or
1.2diskettes when the system is running
under
2.0;
do
not
tryto use
2.0
diskettes when the system is running
under
1.1/1.2.
Either
case
could
destroy
the information on the diskette. 1.1/1.2 diskettes
must
be
converted
to 2.0, as explainedin this section.
NewCustomers:
Ignorethe references to
TRSOOS
1.1/1.2; these are forcustomers who are
upgrading
to 2.0.
OOEL
II
TRSOOS
ImportantDiskOperations
In this section, we will outline some things you should do before you begin any
applications with TRSDOS:
1.
Initialize Some New Diskettes (FORMAT)
2. Duplicate the TRSDOS Diskette (BACKUP)
3. Make aWorking Master(PURGE)
4. Upgrade Diskettes from Previous Versions (XFERSYS)
You will need to use several TRSDOS commands and utility programs. In this
section we will list thembriefly. For details, see the full descriptions elsewhere in
this manual (use the Index).
1. Initialize SomeNew Diskettes (FORMAT)
Before any diskette can be used, it must be initialized
or'
'formatted" -the data
regions defined and labeled, and atable
of
contents
or'
'directory" created.
The FORMAT utility program performs this function. We suggest you format several
diskettes now. You cannotperform the otheroperations listed in this section until
you have done this.
StartTRSDOS as explainedin Chapter
1,
then type in acommand like this:
FORMAT
:d
where dis one
ofthe
drives in your system.
The Computerwill prompt you to mount the diskette for formatting.
If
you are formatting in drive 0, you must remove the TRSDOS disketteand insert
the disketteto be formatted.
The resultant formatted diskette will have the name TRSDOS and password
PASSWORD. Fordiskettes that will contain TRSDOS, we suggest you use these
default values.
For
your datadiskettes, use any diskette name
(ID
=name) and any
password
(pw
=password).
See FORMAT for further details.
36
VERSION 2.0 UPDATE
2. Duplicatethe TRSDOS 2.0Diskette
(BACKUP)
Use
your
factory-release
TRSDOS
diskette for one purpose only-as an
"original
master" .It should not
be
used for applications, only for creating a" working
master".
You canthen make changes to the working masterto suit various
applications.
As
an
added precaution, keep the factory-release diskette write-protected.
Note: In the
BACKUP
dialog, the term" source diskette" refers to the diskette to be
duplicated;
"destination
diskette" refers to the diskette to contain the copy
of
the
original.
UnderTRSDOS
READY,
type in the appropriate
BACKUP
command. We suggest the
following:
BACKUP
0
TO
destination
wheredestination is the drive containingthe formatted diskette which will become
a
TRSDOS
diskette.
If
destination =0,
TRSDOS
will prompt you when to swap source and destination
diskettes.
When
the backupprocess is complete, remove the original diskette. Keep it in a
safe place
and
don't
use it unless you need to recreate the working master.
3. MakeaWorkingMaster (PURGE)
The factory-release
TRSDOS
diskette contains avariety
of
non-essential files. These
non-essential files serve various purposes, including:
•Demonstration
of
programming techniques
•Modification
of
system input/outputsoftware
•Special features and functions
Now that youroriginal
TRSDOS
diskette is safely set aside, you should create one
or
more customized system diskettes to suit your needs.
For
adiscussion
of'
'full
system",
"minimum
system" ,
and'
'data" diskettes, see Disk File
Requirements later in this section.
Determine whatfiles you will need for day-to-day use. You may want to have
several different systemdiskettes-each with adifferent collection
of
system files.
If
there are some files you
don't
want
on
any
of
yourworking diskettes, you may
delete themfrom the working master. Ifthere are files you
don't
want in aparticular
application, delete them from that diskette only.
To
delete files, use the
PURGE
command.
37
MODEL
II
TRSDOS
PURGE
UNWANTED
FILES
FILES
NOT
NEEDED FOR
THIS
APPLICATION
SPECIAL
APPLICATIONS
SYSTEM
STEPS FOR
CREATING
AWORKING MASTER IBI
AND
ASPECIAL
APPLICATION
DISKETTE
lei
Here are the files included on the factory release TRSDOS 2.0 Diskette:
SYSTEM/SYS
This file is required
on
all TRSDOS diskettes. Do not purge
it
if
you wish to use the
diskette in drive
O.
SYSRES/SYS
This file
is
required
on
all full system diskettes, but not on minimum systems. (To
find definitions, use the Index.)
If
you want to use the diskette to start TRSDOS, do
not
purge
this file.
BACKUP, PATCH, XFERSYS, FORMAT, TERMINAL,
MEMTEST, BASIC
These important systemfiles should be kept on your working master. The purpose
of
each file is listed elsewhere in this manual (see entries in the Index). After you
understand the purpose
of
each file, you may elect to delete any
or
all
of
them for
specialized purposes.
38
VERSION 2.0 UPDATE
SYSTEM64and SYSTEM32
Only
one
of
these
two
is needed in yoursystem.
If
you have a
64K
RAM
system, keep
SYSTEM64
and delete
SYSTEM32;
if
you have a
32K
RAM
system, keep
SYSTEM32
and
delete
SYSTEM64.
We
will referto the remaining file as SYSTEMnn.
nn
==
32
or
64, depending on
which one you kept.
SYSTEMnn
contains the high-memory routines for:
HOST,
SPOOL,
SETCOM
and all
serial110,
DO
and
DEBUG.
You should keep this file on your working master.
If
you
have an application which will notrequire any
of
the above-listed capabilities, you
may delete it.
HERZ50, LPII, PRTBKSP
Theseare Do-files
which
allow you to make specific changes
or'
'patches" to
systemfiles.
See
HERZ50,
LPn
and
PRTBKSP
for descriptions.
If
you
don't
need to
make any
of
these changes, you may delete these files from yourworking master.
Or
if
you do
need
to make them, delete them after they are used.
DOCOMnn, BASCOMnn, COMSUBnn, EXDATMnn,
DATMnn
(nn
=32 or64)
These are demonstration programs androutines. Seethe descriptions elsewhere in
this manual (use the Index).
For
each
file, there is a
32K
RAM
and a
64K
RAM
version. You should keep the
version that matches
your
system's
RAM
size and deletethe other.
These files are for demonstration and incidental purposes only. You may delete any
or
all
of
them
from
your
working master, depending upon your needs.
(Programmers should study
how
they work, to gain insights into techniques for
using
TRSDOS.)
4. UpgradeDiskettesfrom Previous Versions
(XFERSYS)
This section applies onlyto customers who have been using aprevious version
of
TRSDOS.
New
customers may skip it.
All diskettes
~
,'system" and" data',- must be converted before they can be
used underTRSDOS 2.0.
The
XFERSYS
utility program does this for you. Attempts to
use un-converted 1.2 diskettes under2.0 may destroy the information on the
diskettes.
See
XFERSYS
for the
proper
procedures to upgrading adiskette. Follow them
carefully!
39
MODEL
II
TRSDOS
DiskFile Requirements
There are three general configurations
of
diskettes that may be used in the
TRSDOS
system:
•Full
system
-
The
factory release copy
of
TRSDOS
for use in drive
o.
•
Minimum
system
-
May
be used in drive 0afterinitialization.
•Data-
May
only be used in drives
1,2
and 3.
"Full
System"
This is adiskette which
can
be usedto start
('
'bootstrap'
')
the operatingsystem and
performall the library commands, utilities, and supervisorcalls. The factory
release copy ofTRSDOS is afull system.
Thefull systemcontains many files which will not be needed for day-to-day
applications-
but which may
come
in handy every now and then. Forthis reason,
you should always keep yourfactory release version
ofTRSDOS
intact, and use a
backupcopy as aworking master.
Whyand
How
of
FullSystemDiskettes
If
you have aDiskExpansion Unit, you will probably find it mostconvenient to
have aFull SystemDiskette in drive 0at all times. This will give you access to all
of
the utilities and systemfunctions without adisk swapbeing necessary.
For
most
applications, there is still plenty
of
roomleft on afull system diskette for program
storageand for small to medium sized data files. Largerdatafiles may be stored on
datadiskettes in the Disk Expansion Unit.
Itis faster, by the way, to
put
differentfiles or programs being accessed at the same
time on different drives since, in most cases, the drive seek time will be reduced.
On
each
drive, the read/write head will usually be closerto the desired location
of
thefile
~urrently
being accessed. Using
CREATE
before building the datafile will
help insure thatthe file will be stored in alarge block
of
contiguous storage on
diskette. This will also help speed up disk accesses.
The working masterthat you create will be afull system diskette. The original
masteris also afull system diskette and both should be kept that way.
40
/~-"
VERSION 2.0 UPDATE
"Minimum
System"
This is adiskette which cannot be used to startTRSDOS, but may be used after the
systemis fully initialized. This diskette contains the minimum amount
of
system
files required for TRSDOS operationafter initialization.
You may want to create aminimum system diskette for use in special applications
where space in drive 0is at apremium. You may use PURGE
or
XFERSYS to create a
minimum system.
Whyand
How
of
MinimumSystem Diskettes
If
you
don't
have aDiskExpansion Unit, but still need extradisk space for storage
oflarge
data
or
programfiles, you may
~eed
to create minimum system diskettes
for use. This kind
of
diskette has the minimumoperating system programs on it for
processing, but may not be used for resetting orstarting up. These diskettes may
only be used in drive 0afteryou have reset or started using afull system diskette.
The minimum systemdiskette will contain the following system programs:
SYSTEM/SYS
SYSTEMnn
(nn
=32 for 32K machines, 64 for 64K machines)
Note:
If
you do not planto use
DO,
HOST, SPOOL, DEBUG, orserial I/O during the
execution
of
yourapplication, you will not need SYSTEM 64 orSYSTEM 32 on your
minimumsystem diskette.
The technique for using aminimum systemdiskette
is
as follows:
1.
Initialize using yourworking master (which must be afull system diskette).
2. Remove this diskette from drive 0and replace with the minimum system
diskette that you have created.
3. Now you may startrunning yourapplication which should be on the minimum
systemdiskette.
If
your application requires more than one diskette for the storage
of
files or
programs, then eachdiskette used (with yourone-drive system) should be a
minimumsystem. Yourapplication should be written such that you only have files
openon the diskette that is currently in drive 0, and that when you need to swap
diskettes to get data (orprograms) from anotherminimum system diskette, that you
close the openfiles, then do the swap, then open the file(s) that you need from the
otherdiskette.
You may also use minimum system diskettes in amulti-drive setup, but keep in
mind that you must start
or
reset with afull system diskette in all cases.
ToCreateaMinimumSystemDiskette
There are two ways to create aminimumsystem disk. The first
is
to start with a
copy
of
eitheryour working master or any otherfull system disk and, from this,
purge
off
all
of
the modules except SYSTEM/SYS and SYSTEM64 (orSYSTEM32). The
41
MODEL
II
TRSDOS
other way to create aminimumdiskette is
to
use XFERSYS with the MIN option. This
will purge
off
all
of
the unnecessary modules and will also purge
off
SYSTEM64
(and/or
SYSTEM
32).
If
you plan to use
DO,
HOST, serial
110,
DEBUG,
or
SPOOL in
yourapplication, then you should use
the'
'manual" method using PURGE.
"Data"
This is adiskette which does not have the minimum system file requirement, and
therefore may only be used in the external drives
(1,2
and
3).
Such diskettes have a
maximum
of
space available for user files.
Whyand
How
of
Data Diskettes
If
you have aDiskExpansion Unit, and you plan to run applications
or
programs
that require large datafiles, you will want to have available as much disk space as
possiblefor the storage
of
the file(s)
or
program(s). In this case, you will not need
any
of
the operating systemprograms on such adiskette. While this kind
of
diskette
may notbe used atany time in drive
0,
it will have the maximum space available for
data or
program
storage. Anemptydata diskette is created by
FORMAT.
You may
copy
or
write data
or
program files onto this kind
of
diskette
in
large, contiguous
blocks for fast accessing later.
42
VERSION 2.0 UPDATE
Changesto TRSDOS
NewLibrary Commands
These are described fully in the new pages for Section
2.
Library
Command
ANALYZE
DUAL
ECHO
HELP
HOST
MOVE
PRINT
~
RECEIVE
RESET
SCREEN
SPOOL
STATUS
T
Function
Gives diskette allocation information organized
by track
Duplicatesoutput to video and line printer
Beginsecho
of
keyboard input to display
Helps with TRSDOS command syntax
Allows keyboard input from and video output to a
remote terminal via the serial interface
Copies multiplefiles and re-organizes adiskette
Prints any file in text format
Inputs Intel hex format data into RAM from the serial
interface
Resets TRSDOS (like pressing the RESET switch)
Copies Video Display screen contents to the printer
Saves printeroutputin adisk file for laterprinting; also
allows printing
of
spool file while otheroperations are
mprogress
Displayscurrent top
of
usermemory and on/offstatus
of
various TRSDOS functions
Advances printerto top
of
form
43