Radio Shack TRS-8O User manual

1
R'S
~' : ., (:~ ;,. .. (,.:
CUSTOM MANUFACTURED IN U.S.A. BY RADIO SHACK, A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

Limited warranty Information
the
its
of
for
the condition and effectiveness
Software is to function, and
CUSTOMER OBLIGATION
A.
CUSTOMER assumes full responsibility that this computer hardware, (the "Equipment")
and/or software (the "Software") meets the specifications, capacity, capabilities, versatility,
and other requirements of CUSTOMER.
B. CUSTOMER assumes full responsibility for
operating environment in which the Equipment and
installation.
1.
II. RADIO SHACK LIMITED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF SALE
A.
For a per iod of ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the Radio Shack sales
ticket, RADIO SHACK warrants to the original CUSTOMER that the Equipment and the cassettes
and/or diskettes containing software programs are free from defects. This warranty is only
applicable to purchases from RADIO SHACK company-owned Computer Centers, retai 1 stores and
through RADIO SHACK franchisees and dealers. The warranty is void if the unit's case or
cabinet has been opened, or if the unit has been subjected to improper or abnormal use. If a
defect occurs during the warranty period, the defective Equipment must be returned to a Radio
Shack Computer Center, a Rad io Shack retai 1 store, partic ipating franchisee or dealer for
repair, along with a copy of the sales ticket or lease agreement. The original CUSTOMER'S sole
and exclusive remedy in the event of a defect is limited to the correction of the defect by
repair, replacement, or complete refund, at RADIO SHACK'S election and sole expense. RADIO
SHACK has no obligation to replace or repair expendable items.
B. RADIO SHACK makes no warranty as to the design, capability, capacity, or suitability
for use of the Equipment or Software. Software is licensed on an "AS IS" basis, without
warranty. CUSTOMER'S exclusive remedy, in the event of a software defect is its repair or
replacement within thirty (30) calendar days of the date of purchase upon its return to a Radio
Shack Computer Center, Radio Shack retail store, participating franchisee or dealer along with
the sales ticket.
C. Except as provided herein no employee, agent, franchisee dealer or other person is
authorized to give any warranties of any nature on behalf of RADIO SHACK.
D.
Except as provided herein, RADIO SHACK MAKES NO WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE.
F. Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the
above limitation(s) may not apply to CUSTOMER.
III. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
A. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED HEREIN, RADIO SHACK SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY TO
CUSTOMER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY WI'rH RESPECT TO ANY LIABILITY, LOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED OR
ALLEGED BE CAUSED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY BY "EQUIPMENT" OR "SOFTWARE" SOLD, LEASED, LICENSED OR
FURNISHED BY RADIO SHACK, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY INTERRUPTION OF SERVICE, LOSS OF
BUS INESS OR ANTICIPATORY PROFITS OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR OPERATION
OF THE "EQUIPMENT" OR "SOFTWARE." IN NO EVENT SHALL RADIO SHACK BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF PROFITS,
OR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY
OR IN ANY MANNER ARISING OUT OF OR CONNECTED WITH THE SALE, LEASE, USE OR ANTICIPATED USE OF
THE "EQUIPMENT" OR SOFTWARE".
NOTWITHSTANDING
THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND WARRANTIES, RADIO SHACK'S LIABILITY HEREUNDER
FOR DAMAGES INCURRED BY CUSTOMER OR OTHERS SHALL NOT EXCEED 'rHE AMOUNT PAID BY CUSTOMER FOR 'rHE
PARTICULAR "EQUIPMENT"
OR "SOFTWARE" INVOLVED.
B. RADIO SHACK shall not be liable for any damages caused by delay in delivering or
furnishing any Equipment or Software.
C. No action ar is ing our of any claimed breach of this WARRANTY or transactions under
this WARRANTY may be brought more than two (2) years after the cause of action has accrued or
more than four (4) years after the date of the Radio Shack sales ticket for the Equipment or
Software whichever first occurs.
D. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential
damages, so the above limitation(s) or exclusion(s) may not apply to CUSTOMER.
IV. RADIO SHACK SOFTWARE LICENSE
RADIO SHACK grants to CUSTOMER A non-exclusive, paid-up license to use the RADIO SHACK
application or system Software and/or the RADIO SHACK system Software (including firmware)
installed in or provided with the Equipment on one computer, subject to the following
provisions: ---
A. Except as otherwise provided in this Software License, applicable copyright laws
shall apply to the Software.
B. Title to the medium on which the Software is recorded (cassette and/or diskette) or
stored (ROM) is transferred to CUSTOMER, but not title to the Software.
C. CUS'rOMER shall not use, make, manUfacture, or reproduce copies of Software except for
use on one computer and as is specifically provided in this Software License.
D. CUSTOMER is permitted to make additional copies of the Software only for backup or
archival purposes or if additional copies are required in the operation of one computer with
the Software, but only to the extent the Software allows a backup copy to be made.
E. CUSTOMER may resell or distribute unmodified copies of the Software provided CUSTOMER
has purchased one copy of the Software for each one sold or distributed. The provisions of
this Software License shall also be applicable to third parties receiving copies of the
Software from CUSTOMER.
F. All copyright notices shall be retained on all copies of the Software.
herein shall insure to the
Software to RADIO SHACK, and
or Software licensed by RADIO
V.
APPLICABILITY OF WARRANTY
A. The terms and conditions of this WARRANTY are applicable between RADIO SHACK and
CUSTOMER to either a sale of the Equipment and/or Software License to CUSTOMER or to a
transaction whereby RADIO SHACK sells or conveys such Equipment and/or Software to a third
party for lease to CUSTOMER.
B. The limitations of liability and warranty provisions
benefit of RADIO SHACK, the owner and/or licensor of RADIO SHACK
any author or manufacturer of computer hardware or Equipment sold
SHACK.
VII. STATE LAW RIGHTS
The warranties granted herein give the original CUSTOMER specific legal rights, and the
original CUSTOMER may have other rights which vary from state to state.

OPERATOR'S MANUAL INTRODUCTION
----------- TRS-BO ® ----------
TRS-8.0 MODEL 16 OPERATOR'S MANUAL
READ ME FIRST!
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1

SERVICE POLICY
Radio Shack's nationwide network of service facilities provides quick,
conveniE~nt, and reI iable repair services for all of its computer
products, in most instances. Warranty service will be performed in
accordance with Radio Shack's Limited Warranty. Non-warranty service
will be provided at reasonable parts and labor costs.
Because of the sensitivity of computer equipment, and the problems which
can result from improper servicing, the following limitations also apply
to the services offered by Radio Shack:
1. If any of the warranty seals on any Radio Shack computer products are
broken, Radio Shack reserves the right to refuse to service the equipment
or to void any remaining warranty on the equipment.
2. If any Radio Shack computer equipment has been modified so that it is
not within manufacturer's specifications, including, but not limited to,
thE~ installation of any non-Radio Shack parts, components, or replacement
boards, then Radio Shack reserves the right to refuse to service the
equipment, void any remaining warranty, remove and replace any non-Radio
Shack part found in the equipment, and perform Whatever modifications are
necessary to return the equipment to original factory manufacturer's
specifications.
3. The cost for the labor and parts required to return the Radio Shack
computer equipment to original manufacturer's specifications will be
charged to the customer in addition to the normal repair charge.
warning: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It
has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when
operated. in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user
at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be
required to correct the interference.
TRSDOST.M·Operating System: Copyright 1989 Tandy Corporation. All Rights
ReserVE:!d.
TRSDOS T.M:....
n
Operating System: Copyright 1982 Tandy Corporation. All
Rights Reserved.
TRSDOST'~16 Operating System: Copyright 1982 Ryan-McFarland Corporation.
All Rights Reserved. Licensed to Tandy Corporation.
BASIC Software: Copyright 1989 Microsoft. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed to Tandy corporation.
EDIT16 Software: Copyright 1982 Ryan-McFarland Corporation. All Rights
Reserved. Licensed to Tandy Corporation.
ASM16 Software: Copyright 1982 Ryan-McFarland Corporation. All Rights
Reserved. Licensed to Tandy Corporation.
LINK16 Software: Copyright 1982 Ryan-McFarland Corporation. All Rights
Reservl~~d. Licensed to Tandy Corporation.
TRS-8~~ Model 16 Operator's Read Me First Manual: Copyright 1982 Tandy
Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Reproduction or use without express wr i tten permission from Tandy Corporation,
of any portion of this manual is prohibited. While reasonable efforts have
been taken in the preparation of this manual to assure its accuracy, Tandy
Corporation assumes no liability resulting from any errors or omissions in this
manual, or from the use of the information obtained herein.

OPERATOR'S MANUAL INTRODUCTION
----------TRS-BO ® ----------
INTRODUCTION
Your TRS-8~ Model 16 or Enhanced Model II Microcomputer is
two computers in one. Two microprocessors -- the MC68~~~
and the Z-8~A -- enable you to use the Computer with either
Model 16 or Model II programs. And with Radio Shack's large
selection of peripherals you can expand your system to •
include printers, hard disks, graphics options, and more.
USING THIS MANUAL
This manual contains all the essential information you
to get started. It shows how to operate the Model 16,
a program, and use some of the more helpful commands.
also explains some terms you need to know.
need
load
It
Since this is a "getting-started" manual, it does not
describe all the optional features available with each
command. For complete information on the command, refer to
the programming manuals.
For a summary of the getting started information, see the
tables on the next page.
<KEY>
This illustration appears when there are
special instructions for hard disk owners only.
This notation represents a key you must press.
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3

MODEL 16 DISKS
HARD DISKS
Modes of Operation:
floppy disk control
(press <REPEAT> <BREAK> on start-up)
hard disk control (automatic)
Write-Protection:
illuminating PROTECT button invokes
write-protection:
Primary Drive:
floppy disk control -- Drive !if
hard disk control -- Drive 4
by
notch
sing
Write-Protection:
cove .
cane
Primary
Drive !if
FLOPPY
Types
doub
MODEL 16 OPERATING SYSTEMS
TO 1
not applicable
at "READY" with TRSDOS-16
in primary drive, press RESET
at "READY" enter:
BACKUP !if TO !if
single-sided diskettes only
at "READY" with TRSDOS-II
in primary drive, press RESET
and <HOLD> before date
must transfer to TRSDOS-II.
at "T II Ready" enter:
FCOPY TO destination
Examp PY 1 TO 4 {ALL)
at "READY" enter:
FORMAT fif
at "READY" enter:
FORMAT drive
Example......--roRMAT 1
(must format first)
not applicable
not allowed
at "Ready", enter:
BOOT16 TRSDOS16/SYS
at "Ready" enter
FORMAT drive
Example......--roRMAT 1
at "Ready" enter MOVE
source TO destination
Example: MOVE 1 to 4 {ALL)
at "Ready" enter:
BACKUP source TO
de s ti ni:ltI'Oi1
Example: BACKUP !if TO 1
single- and double-sided
diskettes, and hard disks
not allowed
at "Ready" with TRSDOS
in Drive fif, press RESET
(if hard disk, press
<REPEAT><BREAK»
(formatting is automatic)
TRSooS-II TRSDOS ---r
__ O_P_E_RA __ T_I_N_G_S_Y_S_T_E_M 1 __ O_P_E_R_A_T_I_N_G_S_YS_T_E_M /
Model
II Model I!
(Z8!if code) (Z8!if code)
-1----1----.-[
with TRSDOS-II in primary with TRSOOS in primary
drive, press <HOLD>, then drive, enter date and time
enter date and time
CALL}
1
is automatic)
a't "Ready", press RESE'f
and <HOLD> before date
not applicable
TaSDOS-I!
TRSDOS-16

1"""'"' ..
r" ..
OPERATOR'S MANUAL INTRODUCTION
---------- TRS-BO ® ----------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1/ Start-up
For the Enhanced A Model II
For the New Model 16
2/ About Your Disks
Types of Disks
write-Protection
3/ Using Disk Programs
Types of Programs
Loading a Program
Swapping Diskettes
Formatting a Data Disk
4/ Making BACKUP Copies Of Diskettes
Backing up aTRSDOS-16 or TRSDOS-II Diskette
Backing up a TRSDOS Diskette
5/ Maintenance
Disk Maintenance
Avoiding Static Electricity and Power-Line
Interference
6/ Error Messages
7/ Add-ons
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5

OPERNrOR'S MANUAL
---------- TRS-BO ®
SECTION 1: START-UP
START-UP
This section shows how to get started operating your computer
system. It is divided into two parts:
Start-Up/ For the Enhanced a Model II. Read
this if you purchased a 16-Bit Enhancement
Kit to upgrade your Model II to a Model 16.
Start-Up/ For the New Model 16. Read this if you
purchased a new Model 16.
This manual calls the two computers the "Enhanced Model II"
and the "New Model 16" only when there are differences between
them. Otherwise, "Model 16" refers to both.
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7

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
----------- TRS-BO ®
START-UP/
FOR THE ENHANCED MODEL II
WHAT YOU NEED •••
The Model II Enhancement Kit contains:
START-UP
Model 16 Owner's Manual
Model 16 Systems Diskette (inside the Model 16
Owner's Manual)
Assembler-16 Programming Package Manual
Supplement to the Model II Owner's Manual
IF YOU HAVE BEEN USING A HARD DISK •••
Make sure you are now using TRSDOS-II, the new hard disk
operating system. The Enhanced Model II will not operate
under TRSDOS-HD, the old operating system.
To determine what your hard disk operating system is,
start-up the Computer. If TRSDOS-HD appears, you need to
re-initialize the hard disk to TRSDOS-II.
You should have already received a TRSDOS-II Initialization
Diskette for the Hard Disk in the mail. It comes with
instructions on how to SAVE your files before
re-initializing. It is very important that you follow these
instructions or else you could lose all the information on
your hard disk.
HOW IS THE ENHANCED MODEL II DIFFERENT?
You
can still use the Enhanced Model II in the same way you
used the Model II. The programs will work the same.
The enhancement is that you can also use the Model II as a
Model 16. This manual describes how.
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8

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
;----------- TRS-BO ®
STAJRT·-UP /
FOR THE NEW MODEL 16
WHAT YOU NEED ...
START-UP
Carefully unpack the Computer system and make sure you have
the following items.
Display Console
Cord
Built-in Cable
You should also have these programming manuals:
Owner's Manual
Owner's Manual/Model II Mode (called "Model II Manual"
from now on)
Assembler-16 Programming Package Manual.
Supplement to the Model II Manual (inside the Model
II Manual)
At the front of your manuals you'll find these two
diskettes:
Model 16 Systems Diskette
Thinline TRSDOS 2.~b Diskette
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9

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
----------- TRS-BO ®
START-UP
If you purchased a hard disk, you'll also need:
----------
~
Hard Disk Owner's
Manual
TRSDOS-II
Initialization Diskette
for the Hard Disk
Save the packing materials in case you ever need to
transport your system.
INSTALLING THE NEW MODEL 16
1. Place the display console where you'll be using the
Computer. position it close to a grounded, 12~ VAC,
three-prong outlet (or use a grounded power strip such
as Radio Shack's Plug-In Power Strip).
Make sure it won't be plugged into an AC power line that
also powers heavy equipment, copiers, or office machines
with defective switches.
2. Plug the cable from the front of the display
console into the jack on the right rear of the keyboard.
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l~

OPERATOR'S MANUAL START-UP
----------- TRS·BO ® ----------
3. Plug one end of the power cord into the back of the
display console. Plug the other end directly into a
grounded, 12~ VAC, three-prong outlet or grounded
power strip.
Warning: If you incorrectly connect and ground
the Computer, you're exposing yourself to the danger
of electrical shock as well as endangering your
Computer and data.
If you have a hard disk, it must be installed by Radio Shack
service technicians.
If you have any other Radio Shack equipment (such as a
printer or modem), follow the installation instructions in
the manual(s) supplied with them. This figure shows where
to connect them to the Model 16:
~
SK EXPANSION . PARALLEL PRINTER SERIAL CHANNELS
~ :.~e ~ A~
?S;E;~f;::U~~ etifDT?jJe ~
(l)~,::.:-_----=-,::==---L.e ARCNET 0 B~
POWER'
~IID Dulle
An illustration of the connected Model 16 is on the next
page.
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11

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
START-UP
-----------TRS-BO ® ----------
Drive 0
Display
Console-
Power
Drive
Latchee.
---Keyboard
Reset Switch
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12

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
,----------- TRS-BO ®
OPERM~ ING THE NEW MODEL 16
START-UP
Turning ON the Computer
1. Make sure all floppy disk drives are empty and all
equipment is turned OFF.
~ ~~I~e07D;~~eP~~m~I~s~a~~ ~~~~
may be lost or destroyed. Then turn
on any secondary hard disk drives.
Allow them to warm up for one minute
before going on to Step 2. (See your
hard disk manual for an illustration
of the primary and secondary drives.)
2. Flip up the power switch on your display console.
~ ~~~~)ac~~~~~i ~~~~e~~:p~~~~t~~~
by simultaneously pressing <REPEAT> and
before the screen becomes white.
of a hard
now. Do this
<BREAK>
INSERT DISKETTE should appear on the screen within a
few moments. If it doesn't, make sure the Computer
is installed properly, flip up the RESET switch, and
rE~peat step 2.
3. Turn ON any peripheral equipment (such as a printer
or floppy disk expansion unit).
4. If necessary, adjust the brightness and contrast
controls in the recessed area at the bottom left of the
display console.
\ [ G-,-~ _----------=======__
L
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13

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
START-UP
----------- TRS-BO ® ------------
Inserting a Floppy Diskette
5. Make sure the Drive ~ latch is in the vertical position.
Drive 1
Drive 0
.-----Drive Latch
6. Carefully insert the Model 16 Systems Diskette into
Drive ~, with the label facing the display.
7. Gently push the diskette into the slot until it locks into
place. (Don't force it.)
8. Rotate the drive latch clockwise until it locks into a
horizontal position. After a few seconds, the start-up
message on the next page will appear on the display.
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14

OPERATOR'S MANUAL START-UP
-----------TRS-eO ® -----------
If, instead of the above start-up message:
') . 6
· an error message appears, see Sectlon ,
"Error Messages"
· the message NOT A SYSTEM DISKETTE message appears,
you are not using the Model 16 Systems Diskette.
· nothing appears (within 3~ seconds), you probably
inserted the diskette incorrectly. Remove it
and go back to step 2.
Removing a Floppy Diskette
9. Make sure the drive light is off.
Drive Light
OFF
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15

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
START-UP
----------- TRS-BO ® ----------
l~. Rotate the drive latch counterclockwise until it is
in the vertical position. The diskette will pop
partially out of the drive.
11. Carefully remove the diskette from the drive, making
sure its shiny surface doesn't touch anything.
Put it back into its storage envelope.
Turning Off the Computer
12. Make sure all the drives are empty.
13. If you have any peripheral equipment (other than hard
disk drives), turn it OFF.
~ Turn OFF all secondary hard disk drives first,
~ to prevent loss of data. Then turn OFF the
primary hard disk drive (Drive 4).
14. Turn OFF the display console power switch.
ERROR MESSAGES
Whenever you type a command incorrectly or try to use it in
the wrong way, the Computer will notify you with an error
message. If the error occurred simply because you mistyped
the command, try typing it again.
If you still get the error, refer to Section 6, "Error
Messages". It contains a description of the causes and
appropriate action for each error.
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16

OPERATOR'S MANUAL ABOUT YOUR DISKS
----------- TRS-BO ® -----------
SECTION 2: ABOUT YOUR DISKS
computers can store information in two ways:
temporarily, in memory <turning the Computer off
erases memory)
· permanently, in a storage device.
Disks are one of the best storage devices available because
of the way they can organize and index information.
TYPES OF DISKS
There are two types of disks:
· floppy diskettes -- all Model 16's can use these
· hard disks -- you must have a hard disk drive to use
these (Radio Shack Catalog Number 26-415~)
This manual uses the term "disk" to refer to both types of
disks.
Floppy Diskettes
Floppy diskettes are a convenient, inexpen-
sive type of disk. The term "floppy" means
the diskette will bend if mishandled.
Caring for floppy diskettes is discussed
later in this manual.
There are two types of floppy diskettes:
. single-sided
. double-sided
Do Not Touch
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17

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
----------- TRS-BO ®
ABOUT YOUR DISKS
Single-sided diskettes can store around 5~~,~~~ bytes of
information. Both New Model 16's and Enhanced Model II's can
use them.
Double-sided diskettes can store twice as much information
because they use both sides. Only New Model 16's can use
them. Enhanced Model II's cannot.
You can tell whether the diskette is single- or double-sided
by either:
. the label (all new Radio Shack diskettes are labeled
single- or double-sided. If it's an older diskette,
it's single-sided), or
. the sector hole (note that it is somewhat off-center
on double-sided diskettes):
Sector
_ilII..----- Hole -----..Jiii
single-sided
Hard Disks
Unlike floppy diskettes, hard
disks cannot be removed from
their drives. Hard disks are
sturdier, faster, and will store
more the 8,~~~,~~~ bytes of
information.
double-sided
If you have a hard disk, you will want to transfer your Model
16 Systems Diskette to your primary hard disk drive. If you
do not have a hard disk, skip this and go to
"Write-Protection", on the last page of this section.
®
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18

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
,---------- TRS-BO ®
Copying the Model 16 Systems Diskette
to Hard Disk
ABOUT YOUR DISKS
To
copy the Model 16 Systems Diskette to the hard disk, follow
these steps:
1. Make sure all the disk drives are empty.
2. Turn on the Computer. This time, operate under
hard disk control. Do not press <REPEAT> <BREAK>. The
TRSDOS-II start-up message will appear.
If the start-up message does not appear, the hard disk
probably hasn't been initialized yet. See your Hard Disk
Owner's Manual for instructions.
3. Insert your Model 16 Systems Diskette in Drive ,.
4. If the hard disk's red PROTECT light is on, press it to
turn it off.
5. At the bottom of the screen is the message:
Enter Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
Enter today's date. For example:
'8/19/1982 <ENTER>
This message then appears:
Enter Time (HH.MM.SS)
Simply press <ENTER>
After a few seconds, this message appears:
TRSDOS-II Ready
(If TRSDOS-HD Ready appears instead, you are using the
wrong hard disk operating system. See Section 1 in this
manual for further instructions.)
6. Type:
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19