Rohde & Schwarz ZNL4 User manual

R&S®ZNL/ZNLE
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
1178596602
Version 13
(;ÜÉÐ2)

This manual applies to the following vector network analyzer models:
●R&S®ZNL3, 5 kHz to 3 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.03
●R&S®ZNL4, 5 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.04
●R&S®ZNL6, 5 kHz to 6 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.06
●R&S®ZNL14, 5 kHz to 14 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.14
●R&S®ZNL20, 5 kHz to 20 GHz, 2 ports, 3.5 mm (m) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.20
●R&S®ZNLE3, 1 MHz* to 3 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.53
●R&S®ZNLE4, 1 MHz* to 4.5 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.54
●R&S®ZNLE6, 1 MHz* to 6 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.56
●R&S®ZNLE14, 1 MHz* to 14 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.64
●R&S®ZNLE18, 1 MHz* to 18 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors, order no. 1323.0012.70
* 100 kHz with R&S®ZNLE-B100 low frequency extension option
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.5966.02 | Version 13 | R&S®ZNL/ZNLE
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®ZNL is indicated as
R&S ZNL.

Contents
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3User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 13
Contents
1 Safety and Regulatory Information.................................................... 13
1.1 Safety Instructions......................................................................................................13
1.2 Labels on R&S ZNL/ZNLE.......................................................................................... 16
1.3 Korea Certification Class A........................................................................................17
2 Documentation Overview....................................................................18
2.1 Getting Started Manual...............................................................................................18
2.2 User Manuals and Help...............................................................................................18
2.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................ 18
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures................................................................................19
2.5 Basic Safety Instructions........................................................................................... 19
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures....................................................................................... 19
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).....................................19
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.......................................20
2.9 Calibration Certificate.................................................................................................20
3 What's New in Firmware Version 1.41................................................21
3.1 Firmware Version 1.41................................................................................................ 21
3.2 Firmware Version 1.40................................................................................................ 21
4 Getting Started..................................................................................... 24
4.1 Preparing for Use........................................................................................................ 24
4.1.1 Lifting and Carrying....................................................................................................... 24
4.1.2 Unpacking and Checking.............................................................................................. 24
4.1.3 Choosing the Operating Site......................................................................................... 24
4.1.4 Setting Up the R&S ZNL/ZNLE..................................................................................... 25
4.1.5 Connecting to Power.....................................................................................................27
4.1.6 Switching On or Off....................................................................................................... 30
4.1.7 Connecting to LAN........................................................................................................ 31
4.1.8 Connecting a Keyboard.................................................................................................32
4.1.9 Connecting an External Monitor....................................................................................32
4.1.10 Windows Operating System..........................................................................................34
4.1.11 Logging On....................................................................................................................36

Contents
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4.1.12 Checking the Supplied Options.....................................................................................37
4.1.13 Considerations for Test Setup....................................................................................... 38
4.2 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................39
4.2.1 Front Panel View...........................................................................................................39
4.2.2 Rear Panel View............................................................................................................46
4.3 Trying Out the Instrument.......................................................................................... 52
4.3.1 Performing Measurements............................................................................................52
4.3.2 Zooming into the Display...............................................................................................59
4.3.3 Saving Settings............................................................................................................. 60
4.3.4 Printing and Saving Results.......................................................................................... 62
4.3.5 Activating Additional Channel Setups........................................................................... 63
4.3.6 Trying Out Spectrum Mode........................................................................................... 65
4.3.7 Performing Sequential Measurements..........................................................................72
4.4 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 73
4.4.1 Understanding the Display Information (VNA Mode).................................................... 74
4.4.2 Accessing the Functionality...........................................................................................75
4.4.3 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 80
4.4.4 Touchscreen Gestures.................................................................................................. 81
4.4.5 Getting Help.................................................................................................................. 84
5 Operating Modes, Applications, Channel Setups, and Result Dis-
plays......................................................................................................85
5.1 Available Applications................................................................................................ 86
5.2 R&S MultiView............................................................................................................. 87
5.3 Defining Channel Setups............................................................................................88
5.4 Running a Sequence of Measurements.................................................................... 90
5.4.1 The Sequencer Concept............................................................................................... 90
5.4.2 Sequencer Settings.......................................................................................................93
5.4.3 How to Set Up the Sequencer.......................................................................................93
6 Data Management................................................................................ 95
6.1 Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration (Preset)....................................... 95
6.2 Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data...................... 96
6.2.1 Quick Save/Quick Recall...............................................................................................97
6.2.2 Configurable Storage and Recall.................................................................................. 99

Contents
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5User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 13
6.2.3 How to Save and Load Instrument Settings................................................................104
6.3 Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings................106
6.3.1 Print and Screenshot Settings.....................................................................................106
6.3.2 How to Store or Print Screenshots of the Display....................................................... 116
7 General Instrument Setup................................................................. 119
7.1 Reference Frequency................................................................................................119
7.2 Display Settings........................................................................................................ 120
7.2.1 Display Settings.......................................................................................................... 120
7.2.2 How to Work with the Soft Front Panels......................................................................128
7.3 Language Settings.................................................................................................... 129
7.4 System Configuration Settings................................................................................129
7.4.1 Hardware Information..................................................................................................129
7.4.2 Information on Versions and Options.......................................................................... 130
7.4.3 System Messages.......................................................................................................132
7.4.4 Firmware Updates.......................................................................................................132
7.4.5 General Configuration Settings................................................................................... 134
7.4.6 Additional Interfaces....................................................................................................135
7.5 Service Functions..................................................................................................... 136
7.5.1 R&S Support Information............................................................................................ 136
7.5.2 Self-test Settings and Results..................................................................................... 138
7.5.3 Calibration Signal Display........................................................................................... 138
7.5.4 Service Functions........................................................................................................140
7.6 VNA Setup..................................................................................................................141
7.6.1 Calibration Tab............................................................................................................ 141
7.6.2 User Interface Tab.......................................................................................................143
7.6.3 Advanced Tab............................................................................................................. 145
7.6.4 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 146
7.7 Toolbar Configuration...............................................................................................147
8 Network and Remote Settings.......................................................... 149
8.1 Remote Control Interfaces and Protocols.............................................................. 149
8.1.1 LAN Interface.............................................................................................................. 150
8.1.2 GPIB Interface (IEC 625/IEEE 418 Bus Interface)......................................................154
8.2 SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments)...............................156

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8.3 VISA Libraries............................................................................................................156
8.4 Network and Remote Control Settings................................................................... 156
8.4.1 General Network Settings........................................................................................... 157
8.4.2 Remote Settings..........................................................................................................158
8.4.3 Compatibility Settings..................................................................................................161
8.4.4 LAN Settings............................................................................................................... 162
8.4.5 Remote Errors.............................................................................................................163
8.4.6 Returning to Manual Mode ("Local")........................................................................... 165
8.5 How to Set Up a Network and Remote Control...................................................... 166
8.5.1 How to Configure a Network....................................................................................... 166
8.5.2 How to Operate the Instrument Without a Network.....................................................172
8.5.3 How to Log on to the Network.....................................................................................173
8.5.4 How to Share Directories (only with Microsoft Networks)........................................... 175
8.5.5 How to Control the R&S ZNL/ZNLE via the Web Browser Interface...........................176
8.5.6 How to Deactivate the Web Browser Interface............................................................177
8.5.7 How to Set Up Remote Desktop................................................................................. 178
8.5.8 How to Start a Remote Control Session from a PC.................................................... 184
8.5.9 How to Return to Manual Operation............................................................................185
9 VNA Concepts and Features.............................................................186
9.1 Basic Concepts......................................................................................................... 186
9.1.1 Global (Persistent) Settings........................................................................................ 186
9.1.2 Channel Setups...........................................................................................................187
9.1.3 Traces, Channels and Diagrams.................................................................................187
9.1.4 Sweep Control.............................................................................................................189
9.1.5 Data Flow.................................................................................................................... 192
9.2 VNA Screen Elements...............................................................................................196
9.2.1 Display Elements of a VNA Diagram.......................................................................... 196
9.2.2 Dialogs........................................................................................................................ 207
9.2.3 Trace Formats............................................................................................................. 209
9.3 Measurement Results............................................................................................... 217
9.3.1 S-Parameters.............................................................................................................. 218
9.3.2 Reference Impedances............................................................................................... 219
9.3.3 Impedance Parameters...............................................................................................221

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9.3.4 Admittance Parameters...............................................................................................224
9.3.5 Wave Quantities and Ratios........................................................................................225
9.3.6 Unbalance-Balance Conversion..................................................................................227
9.3.7 Stability Factors...........................................................................................................230
9.3.8 Delay, Aperture, Electrical Length...............................................................................230
9.4 Operations on Traces............................................................................................... 231
9.4.1 Limit Check................................................................................................................. 231
9.4.2 Trace Files...................................................................................................................238
9.4.3 Memory-Mapped Trace Data Transfer........................................................................ 247
9.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 248
9.5.1 Calibration Types........................................................................................................ 249
9.5.2 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits................................................................. 253
9.5.3 Calibration Pool...........................................................................................................259
9.5.4 Calibration Labels....................................................................................................... 260
9.5.5 Automatic Calibration.................................................................................................. 260
9.5.6 Parallel Calibration of Multiple Channels.................................................................... 265
9.6 Offset Parameters and De-/Embedding.................................................................. 265
9.6.1 Offset Parameters....................................................................................................... 265
9.6.2 Embedding and Deembedding....................................................................................271
9.7 Optional Extensions and Accessories....................................................................281
9.7.1 Time Domain Analysis.................................................................................................282
9.7.2 Distance-to-Fault Measurements................................................................................ 288
9.7.3 Spectrum Analyzer Function....................................................................................... 289
9.7.4 Additional Removable PC Board with SSD.................................................................290
9.7.5 Extended Power Range.............................................................................................. 290
9.7.6 Receiver Step Attenuators.......................................................................................... 291
9.7.7 Lower Start Frequency for R&S ZNLE........................................................................ 291
9.7.8 OCXO Frequency Reference...................................................................................... 292
9.7.9 Additional Interfaces....................................................................................................292
9.7.10 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................292
9.7.11 Broadband Limiter.......................................................................................................293
9.7.12 DC Power Supply 12/24 V.......................................................................................... 293
9.7.13 Internal Li-Ion Batteries............................................................................................... 293

Contents
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8User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 13
10 VNA GUI Reference............................................................................294
10.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 294
10.2 Stimulus Softtool...................................................................................................... 295
10.2.1 Stimulus Tab................................................................................................................296
10.2.2 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 297
10.2.3 Time Domain X-Axis Tab.............................................................................................299
10.3 Scale Softtool............................................................................................................ 300
10.3.1 Scale Values Tab.........................................................................................................301
10.3.2 Scale Coupling Tab..................................................................................................... 303
10.3.3 Zoom Tab.................................................................................................................... 304
10.4 Bw Avg Power Softtool.............................................................................................306
10.4.1 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 306
10.4.2 Bandwidth Tab.............................................................................................................307
10.4.3 Average Tab................................................................................................................ 308
10.5 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 309
10.5.1 Sweep Params Tab..................................................................................................... 309
10.5.2 Sweep Type Tab..........................................................................................................312
10.5.3 Trigger Tab.................................................................................................................. 322
10.5.4 Sweep Control Tab......................................................................................................327
10.6 Trace Softtool............................................................................................................ 330
10.6.1 Traces Tab...................................................................................................................330
10.6.2 Mem............................................................................................................................ 335
10.6.3 All Mem All Data Tab...................................................................................................337
10.6.4 Math Tab..................................................................................................................... 339
10.6.5 Time Domain Tab........................................................................................................ 344
10.6.6 Time Gate Tab.............................................................................................................349
10.6.7 Distance to Fault Tab.................................................................................................. 351
10.6.8 Trace Statistics Tab..................................................................................................... 359
10.6.9 Smooth Shift Hold Tab................................................................................................ 363
10.6.10 Infinite Averaging Tab..................................................................................................367
10.6.11 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................367
10.7 Meas Softtool.............................................................................................................375
10.7.1 S-Params Tab............................................................................................................. 376

Contents
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10.7.2 Ratios Tab................................................................................................................... 383
10.7.3 Wave Tab.................................................................................................................... 386
10.7.4 Z←Sij Tab....................................................................................................................388
10.7.5 Y←Sij Tab................................................................................................................... 390
10.7.6 Y-Z-Params Tab.......................................................................................................... 392
10.7.7 Stability Tab.................................................................................................................394
10.8 Format Softtool......................................................................................................... 395
10.9 Display Lines Softtool.............................................................................................. 401
10.9.1 Diagram Tab................................................................................................................402
10.9.2 Split Tab...................................................................................................................... 405
10.9.3 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 407
10.9.4 Limit Test Tab...............................................................................................................411
10.9.5 Ripple Test Tab............................................................................................................419
10.9.6 Circle Test Tab.............................................................................................................424
10.9.7 Display Circle Tab....................................................................................................... 427
10.9.8 Horiz. Line Tab............................................................................................................ 428
10.10 Marker Settings Softtool...........................................................................................429
10.10.1 Markers Tab................................................................................................................ 429
10.10.2 Marker Props Tab........................................................................................................432
10.10.3 Set by Marker Tab....................................................................................................... 434
10.10.4 Info Field Tab...............................................................................................................436
10.10.5 Marker Coupling Tab................................................................................................... 436
10.11 Marker Search Softtool.............................................................................................438
10.11.1 Peak Tab..................................................................................................................... 438
10.11.2 Multiple Peak Tab........................................................................................................443
10.11.3 Target Search Tab.......................................................................................................445
10.11.4 Bandfilter Tab.............................................................................................................. 447
10.12 Cal Softtool................................................................................................................ 452
10.12.1 Create a User Calibration............................................................................................452
10.12.2 Manage Calibration Devices....................................................................................... 467
10.12.3 Manage User Calibrations...........................................................................................479
10.13 Channel Softtool....................................................................................................... 483
10.13.1 Channels Tab.............................................................................................................. 483

Contents
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10User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 13
10.13.2 Mode Tab.................................................................................................................... 487
10.13.3 Channel Bits Tab......................................................................................................... 489
10.14 Offset Embed Softtool.............................................................................................. 490
10.14.1 Offset Embed Dock Widget.........................................................................................490
10.14.2 Offset Tab....................................................................................................................499
10.14.3 One Way Loss Tab...................................................................................................... 505
10.14.4 Single Ended Tab........................................................................................................ 507
10.14.5 Port Sets Tab...............................................................................................................510
10.14.6 Balanced Tab.............................................................................................................. 512
10.14.7 Ground Loop Tab........................................................................................................ 515
10.14.8 Differential Match Tab..................................................................................................517
10.14.9 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 519
11 Command Reference......................................................................... 520
11.1 Conventions Used in SCPI Command Descriptions..............................................520
11.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 521
11.3 Common Instrument Commands............................................................................ 525
11.3.1 Commands for Remote Instrument Operation............................................................ 525
11.3.2 Selecting the Operating Mode and Application...........................................................526
11.3.3 Managing Settings and Results.................................................................................. 533
11.3.4 Configuring the R&S ZNL/ZNLE................................................................................. 558
11.4 VNA Remote Control Basics.................................................................................... 576
11.4.1 Block Data Format...................................................................................................... 576
11.4.2 Basic Remote Control Concepts.................................................................................576
11.4.3 The IECWIN Tool........................................................................................................ 580
11.4.4 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 581
11.5 VNA Command Reference........................................................................................595
11.5.1 Special Terms and Notation........................................................................................ 595
11.5.2 SCPI Command Reference.........................................................................................597
11.5.3 R&S ZVR/ZVABT Compatible Commands..................................................................935
11.6 VNA Programming Examples.................................................................................. 957
11.6.1 Basic Tasks................................................................................................................. 957
11.6.2 Condensed Programming Examples.......................................................................... 966
11.7 List of commands..................................................................................................... 987