Samlexpower PST-1000-12 User manual

DC-AC Power
Inverter
Pure Sine Wave
PST-1000-12
PST-1000-24
Please read this
manual BEFORE
installing your
inverter
Owner's
Manual

2 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
OWNER'S MANUAL | Index
SECTION 1 Safety Instructions ........................................3
SECTION 2 General Information .....................................9
SECTION 3
Limiting Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ....................... 16
SECTION 4
Powering Direct / Embedded Switch Mode
Power Supplies (SMPS) ....................................................... 17
SECTION 5 Principle of Operation ............................... 19
SECTION 6 Layout........................................................ 20
SECTION 7
General Information - Battery Related................................. 21
SECTION 8 Installation ................................................. 35
SECTION 9 Operation ...................................................49
SECTION 10 Protections ............................................. 51
SECTION 11 Troubleshooting Guide ........................... 55
SECTION 12 Specications ..........................................57
SECTION 13 Warranty ..................................................59
Disclaimer of Liability
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, SAMLEX AMERICA INC.:
1. MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL OR OTHER INFORMATION
PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
2. ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSSES, DAMAGES, COSTS OR EXPENSES, WHETHER SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDI-
RECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE USE OF ANY
SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USERS RISK.
Samlex America reserves the right to revise this document and to periodically make changes to the content
hereof without obligation or organization of such revisions or changes.
Copyright Notice/Notice of Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by Samlex America Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to copy, distribute and /or modify this
document is prohibited without express written permission by Samlex America Inc.

2 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 3
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions
1.1 SAFETY SYMBOLS
The following safety symbols will be used in this manual to highlight safety
and information:
WARNING!
Indicates possibility of physical harm to the user in case of non-compliance.
!
CAUTION!
Indicates possibility of damage to the equipment in case of non-compliance.
i
INFO
Indicates useful supplemental information.
Please read these instructions before installing or operating the unit to prevent personal
injury or damage to the unit.
1.2 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS - GENERAL
1.2.1 Installation and wiring compliance
• Installation and wiring must comply with the Local and National Electrical Codes and
must be done by a certied electrician.
1.2.2 Preventing electrical shock
• Always connect the grounding connection on the unit to the appropriate grounding
system.
• Disassembly / repair should be carried out by qualied personnel only.
• Disconnect all AC and DC side connections before working on any circuits associated
with the unit. Turning the ON/OFF switch on the unit to OFF position may not entirely
remove dangerous voltages.
• Be careful when touching bare terminals of capacitors. Capacitors may retain high le-
thal voltages even after the power has been removed. Discharge the capacitors before
working on the circuits.
1.2.3 Installation environment
• The inverter should be installed indoor only in a well ventilated, cool, dry
environment.
• Do not expose to moisture, rain, snow or liquids of any type.
• To reduce the risk of overheating and re, do not obstruct the suction and discharge
openings of the cooling fan.
• To ensure proper ventilation, do not install in a low clearance compartment.
1.2.4 Preventing re and explosion hazards
• Working with the unit may produce arcs or sparks. Thus, the unit should not be used
in areas where there are ammable materials or gases requiring ignition protected

4 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions
equipment. These areas may include spaces containing gasoline-powered machinery,
fuel tanks, and battery compartments.
1.2.5 Precautions when working with batteries
• Batteries contain very corrosive diluted Sulphuric Acid as electrolyte. Precautions
should be taken to prevent contact with skin, eyes or clothing.
• Batteries generate Hydrogen and Oxygen during charging resulting in evolution of
explosive gas mixture. Care should be taken to ventilate the battery area and follow
the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Never smoke or allow a spark or ame near the batteries.
• Use caution to reduce the risk of dropping a metal tool on the battery. It could spark
or short circuit the battery or other electrical parts and could cause an explosion.
• Remove metal items like rings, bracelets and watches when working with batteries.
The batteries can produce a short circuit current high enough to weld a ring or the
like to metal and thus, cause a severe burn.
• If you need to remove a battery, always remove the ground terminal from the battery
rst. Make sure that all the accessories are off so that you do not cause a spark.
1.3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS - INVERTER RELATED
1.3.1 Preventing Paralleling of the AC Output
The AC output of the unit should never be connected directly to an Electrical Breaker
Panel / Load Centre which is also fed from the utility power / generator. Such a direct
connection may result in parallel operation of the different power sources and AC
power from the utility / generator will be fed back into the unit which will instantly
damage the output section of the unit and may also pose a re and safety hazard. If an
Electrical Breaker Panel / Load Center is fed from this unit and this panel is also required
to be fed from additional alternate AC sources, the AC power from all the AC sources
(like the utility / generator / this inverter) should rst be fed to an Automatic / Manual Se-
lector Switch and the output of the Selector Switch should be connected to the Electrical
Breaker Panel / Load Center. Samlex America, Inc. Automatic Transter Switch model No.
STS-30 is recommended for this application.
!
CAUTION!
To prevent possibility of paralleling and severe damage to the unit, never use a
simple jumper cable with a male plug on both ends to connect the AC output
of the unit to a handy wall receptacle in the home / RV.
!
ATTENTION!
Pour éviter toute possibilité de mise en parallèle et de graves dommages à
l'appareil, n'utilisez jamais un simple câble de raccordement muni d'une che
mâle aux deux extrémités pour connecter la sortie CA de l'appareil à une prise
murale pratique dans le logement / véhicule de loisir.

4 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 5
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions
1.3.2 Preventing DC Input Over Voltage
It is to be ensured that the DC input voltage does not exceed 16.5 VDC for PST-1000-12
or 33.0 VDC for PST-1000-24 to prevent permanent damage to the unit. Please observe
the following precautions:
• Ensure that the maximum charging voltage of the external battery charger / alterna-
tor / solar charge controller does not exceed 16.5 VDC for PST-1000-12 or 33.0 for
PST-1000-24.
• Do not connect this unit to a battery system with a voltage higher than the rated
nominal battery input voltage of the unit.
• When using Diversion Charge Control Mode in a Charge Controller, the solar/ wind/
hydro source is directly connected to the battery bank. In this case, the Controller will
divert excess current to an external load. As the battery charges, the diversion duty
cycle will increase. When the battery is fully charged, all the source energy will ow
into the diversion load if there are no other loads. The Charge Controller will discon-
nect the diversion load if the current rating of the Controller is exceeded. Disconnec-
tion of the diversion load may damage the battery as well as the inverter or other DC
loads connected to the battery due to high voltages generated during conditions of
high winds (for wind generators), high water ow rates (for hydro generators). It is,
therefore, to be ensured that the diversion load is sized correctly to prevent the above
over voltage conditions.
• Do not use solar panel/array to directly charge the battery bank connected to the
inverter. Use appropriate Charge Controller between the solar panel/array and the
battery bank. Using solar panel/array to directly charge the battery will lead to over
voltage shutdown of the inverter and the possible damage due to battery voltage ris-
ing close to the level of the open circuit voltage of the solar panel(s) when the battery
is fully charged and is in Float stage (under this condition, the battery will be drawing
very low trickle charge current & the voltage of the unregulated solar panel/array will
rise close to its Open Circuit Voltage).
1.3.3 Preventing Reverse Polarity on the Input Side
When making battery connections on the input side, make sure that the polarity of bat-
tery connections is correct (Connect the Positive of the battery to the Positive terminal of
the unit and the Negative of the battery to the Negative terminal of the unit). If the input
is connected in reverse polarity, DC fuse(s) inside the inverter will blow and may also
cause permanent damage to the inverter.
!
CAUTION!
Damage caused by reverse polarity is not covered by warranty.
!
ATTENTION!
Les dommages causés par l'inversion de polarité ne sont pas couverts par la garantie.

6 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions
1.3.4 Use of External Fuse in DC input Circuit
Use Class-T or equivalent fuse of appropriate capacity within 7" of the battery Positive ter-
minal. This fuse is required to protect DC input cable run from damage due to short circuit
along the length of the cable. Please read instructions under Section 8 - Installation.
1.4 LES SYMBOLES DE SÉCURITÉ
Les symboles de sécurité suivants seront utilisés dans ce manuel pour souligner les
informations liées à la sécurité lors de l’installation et de l’utilisation :
MISE EN GARDE!
L'utilisateur pourrait se blesser si les consignes de sécurité ne sont pas suivies.
!
ATTENTION!
Il y a un risque de faire des dégâts à l'équipement lorsque l'utilisateur ne
suit pas les instructions.
i
INFO
Indication de l'info supplémentaire qui pourrait être utiles.
Veuillez lire ces instructions avant d'installer ou de faire fonctionner l'appareil an
de prévenir des blessures corporelles ou des dégâts à l'appareil.
1.5 CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ - GÉNÉRALES
1.5.1 Installation et Conformité du Câblage
• L’installation et le câblage doivent conformer aux Normes Électriques Locales et
Nationales; l’installation doit être faite par un(e) électricien(ne) CERTIFIÉ(E).
1.5.2 Prévention des Décharges Électriques
• Connectez toujours la connexion de terre de l'appareil au système de terre approprié.
• Seulement une personne qualiée devrait réparer ou désassembler cet appareil.
• Débranchez tous les raccordements latéraux d'entrée et de sortie avant de travailler
sur n'importe quel circuit associé au contrôleur de charge. Même si l'interrupteur
«ON/ OFF» est dans la position «off», il pourrait rester des tensions dangereuses.
• Faites attention de ne pas toucher les bornes nues des condensateurs. Elles
pourraient retenir des tensions mortelles, même quand une puissance a été
enlevée. Déchargez les condensateurs avant de travailler sur les circuits.
1.5.3 Lieu d'Installation
• Il faut situer l'onduleur à l'intérieur dans un endroit bien frais, sec, et ventilé.
• Ne pas exposez à l'humidité, la pluie, la neige ou à toutes liquides.
• An de réduire les risques de la surchauffe ou d'un incendie, ne bloquez pas les
ouvertures d'admission et d'échappement pour les ventilateurs de refroidissement.
• Pour assurer une bonne ventilation, n'installez pas l'appareil dans un comparti-
ment avec peu d’espace.

6 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 7
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions
1.5.4 Prévention des Risques d’Incendie et d'Explosion
• L'utilisation de l'appareil pourrait produire des arcs électriques ou des étincelles.
Par conséquent, il ne devrait pas être utilisé dans les endroits où il y a des maté-
riaux ou gaz nécessitant des équipements ignifuges, par exemple, des espaces
contenant des machines alimentées par essence, des réservoirs d'essence ou, des
compartiments à batterie.
1.5.5 Précautions à Prendre en Travaillant avec des Batteries
• Les batteries contiennent de l’acide sulfurique, électrolyte corrosif. Certains
précautions doivent être prises an d’empêcher tout contact avec la peau, les
yeux ou les vêtements.
• Lorsque les batteries sont rechargées, elle produisent de l'oxygène et de
l'hydrogène, ceci émet un mélange de gaz explosif. Ventilez à fond la zone
de la batterie et, suivez les recommandations du fabricant pour l'emploi de la
batterie.
• Ne jamais fumer ni mettre une amme à proximité des batteries.
• Soyez prudent, réduisez toute risque de chute d'objets métalliques sur la bat-
terie, ce qui pourrait provoquer des étincelles, ou court-circuiter la batterie et
les autres pièces électriques, et causer une explosion.
• Retirez tous vos objets métalliques: bagues, bracelets, montres, etc. lorsque vous
travaillez avec les batteries. Les batteries pourraient produire un court-circuit
assez puissant pour souder des objets causant une brûlure grave.
• Si vous devez enlever la batterie, retirez toujours la borne négative (de terre) de
la batterie en premier. Assurez que tous les accessoires soient éteints, pour ne
pas provoquer des étincelles.
1.6 CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ - POUR L'ONDULEUR
1.6.1 Empêcher la Sortie CA de Se Mettre en Parallèle
La sortie CA de l'appareil ne devrait jamais être branchée directement à un tab-
leau électrique qui est aussi alimenté par la puissance d'un service public / d'un
générateur. Une connexion pareille pourrait résulter dans un fonctionnement
en parallèle de ces derniers et, la puissance CA produite par un service public /
générateur serait alimentée à l'appareil causant des dégats à la section de sortie,
et engendrant une risque d'incendie ou de faire mal. Si le tableau électrique
est alimenté par l'appareil et une puissance CA supplémentaire est requise, la
puissance CA des sources comme le service public / générateur / onduleur devrait
être envoyée en premier, à un sélecteur; la sortie du sélecteur devrait être liée
au tableau électrique. Samlex Amérique, Inc. modèle de commutateur transter
automatique n ° STS-30 est recommandé pour cette application.
!
ATTENTION!
An de d'éviter la possibilité que l'appareil se met en parallèle ou devient
fortement endommagé, n'utilisez pas un câble de raccordement pour lier la
sortie CA de l'appareil à un réceptacle mural commode dans la maison/le VR.

8 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
1.6.2 Prévention d'une Surtension de l'Entrée CC
II faut assurer que la tension d'entrée CC de cet appareil n'excede pas une tension de 16,5 VCC
pour PST-1000-12 ou 33.0 VCC pour PST-1000-24 affin d'empêcher des dégâts permanents à
l'appareil. Veuillez suivre les consignes suivantes:
• Assurez que la tension de chargement maximale du chargeur de batterie/
l'alternateur/ contrôleur de charge externe n'excède pas une tension de 16,5 VCC
pour PST-1000-12 ou 33.0 VCC pour PST-1000-24.
• Ne pas connecter cet appareil à un système de batterie avec une tension supérieure à
la tension nominale d'entrée de la batterie de l'appareil.
• Lorsque vous utilisez le mode de contrôle de charge de détournement dans un
contrôleur de charge, la source solaire / éolienne / hydroélectrique est directe-
ment connectée au groupe de batteries. Dans ce cas, le contrôleur détournera le
surplus de courant vers une charge externe. Au fur et à mesure que la batterie se
charge, le cycle de réacheminement augmente. Lorsque la batterie est complète-
ment chargée, toute l'énergie de la source ira dans la charge de déviation s'il n'y a
pas d'autres charges. Le contrôleur de charge déconnectera la charge de déviation
si le courant nominal du contrôleur est dépassé. La déconnexion de la charge de
dérivation peut endommager la batterie, ainsi que l'onduleur ou d'autres charges
CC connectées à la batterie, en raison des tensions élevées générées par vent fort
(pour les éoliennes) et des débits d'eau importants (pour les centrales hydroélectr-
iques). Il faut donc s'assurer que la charge de dérivation est correctement dimen-
sionnée pour éviter les conditions de surtension ci-dessus.
• N'utilisez pas de panneaux solaires pour charger directement le groupe de
batteries connecté à l'onduleur. Utilisez le contrôleur de charge approprié entre le
panneau / générateur solaire et le groupe de batteries. L'utilisation d'un panneau
solaire pour charger directement la batterie entraînera un arrêt de surtension de
l'onduleur et des dommages éventuels dus à une montée de la tension de la bat-
terie proche du niveau de la tension de circuit ouvert du ou des panneaux solaires
lorsque la batterie est complètement chargée et est en phase de otteur.
1.6.3 Prévention de Polarités Inversées sur le Côté d'Entrée
Quand vous faites des connexions à la batterie du côté d'entrée, veuillez assurer
que les polarités sont mises du bon côté (Liez le Positif de la batterie à la borne
Positive de l'appareil et le Négatif de la batterie à la borne Négative de l'appareil). Si
les polarités de l'entrée sont mises à l'envers, le(s) fusible(s) CC dans l'onduleur va
s'exploser et pourrait causer des dégâts permanents à l'onduleur.
!
ATTENTION!
Des dégâts causés par un inversement des polarités ne sont pas couverts
par la garantie.
1.6.4 L'utilisation de fusible externe dans le circuit d'entrée CC
Utilisez Classe-T ou le fusible équivalent de capacités appropriées dans les 7 pouces
de la borne positive de la batterie. Ce fusible est nécessaire pour protéger le câble
CC d'entrée des dommages dus à un court-circuit le long de la longueur du câble.
S’il vous plaît lisez les instructions vertu de l'article 8 - Installation.
SECTION 1 | Safety Instructions

8 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 9
SECTION 2 | General Information
2.1. DEFINITIONS
The following denitions are used in this manual for explaining various electrical
concepts, specications and operations:
Peak Value: It is the maximum value of electrical parameter like voltage / current.
RMS (Root Mean Square) Value: It is a statistical average value of a quantity that varies
in value with respect to time. For example, a pure sine wave that alternates between
peak values of Positive 169.68V and Negative 169.68V has an RMS value of 120 VAC.
Also, for a pure sine wave, the RMS value = Peak value ÷ 1.414.
Voltage (V), Volts: It is denoted by “V” and the unit is “Volts”. It is the electrical force
that drives electrical current (I) when connected to a load. It can be DC (Direct Current
– ow in one direction only) or AC (Alternating Current – direction of ow changes peri-
odically). The AC value shown in the specications is the RMS (Root Mean Square) value.
Current (I), Amps, A: It is denoted by “I” and the unit is Amperes – shown as “A”. It is
the ow of electrons through a conductor when a voltage (V) is applied across it.
Frequency (F), Hz: It is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per
unit time. For example, cycles per second (or Hertz) in a sinusoidal voltage.
Efciency, (η): This is the ratio of Power Output ÷ Power Input.
Phase Angle, (φ): It is denoted by “φ” and species the angle in degrees by which the
current vector leads or lags the voltage vector in a sinusoidal voltage. In a purely induc-
tive load, the current vector lags the voltage vector by Phase Angle (φ) = 90°. In a purely
capacitive load, the current vector leads the voltage vector by Phase Angle, (φ) = 90°. In
a purely resistive load, the current vector is in phase with the voltage vector and hence,
the Phase Angle, (φ) = 0°. In a load consisting of a combination of resistances, induct-
ances and capacitances, the Phase Angle (φ) of the net current vector will be > 0° < 90°
and may lag or lead the voltage vector.
Resistance (R), Ohm, Ω:It is the property of a conductor that opposes the ow of cur-
rent when a voltage is applied across it. In a resistance, the current is in phase with the
voltage. It is denoted by "R" and its unit is "Ohm" - also denoted as "Ω".
Inductive Reactance (XL), Capacitive Reactance (XC) and Reactance (X): Reactance is the
opposition of a circuit element to a change of electric current or voltage due to that
element's inductance or capacitance. Inductive Reactance (XL) is the property of a coil
of wire in resisting any change of electric current through the coil. It is proportional to
frequency and inductance and causes the current vector to lag the voltage vector by
Phase Angle (φ) = 90°. Capacitive reactance (XC) is the property of capacitive elements to
oppose changes in voltage. XCis inversely proportional to the frequency and capacitance
and causes the current vector to lead the voltage vector by Phase Angle (φ) = 90°. The
unit of both XLand XCis "Ohm" - also denoted as "Ω". The effects of inductive reac-

10 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
SECTION 2 | General Information
tance XLto cause the current to lag the voltage by 90° and that of the capacitive reac-
tance XCto cause the current to lead the voltage by 90° are exactly opposite and the net
effect is a tendency to cancel each other. Hence, in a circuit containing both inductances
and capacitances, the net Reactance (X) will be equal to the difference between the
values of the inductive and capacitive reactances. The net Reactance (X) will be inductive
if XL> XCand capacitive if XC> XL.
Impedance, Z: It is the vectorial sum of Resistance and Reactance vectors in a circuit.
Active Power (P), Watts: It is denoted as “P” and the unit is “Watt”. It is the power that
is consumed in the resistive elements of the load. A load will require additional Reactive
Power for powering the inductive and capacitive elements. The effective power required
would be the Apparent Power that is a vectorial sum of the Active and Reactive Powers.
Reactive Power (Q), VAR: Is denoted as “Q” and the unit is VAR. Over a cycle, this power
is alternatively stored and returned by the inductive and capacitive elements of the load.
It is not consumed by the inductive and capacitive elements in the load but a certain
value travels from the AC source to these elements in the (+) half cycle of the sinusoidal
voltage (Positive value) and the same value is returned back to the AC source in the (-)
half cycle of the sinusoidal voltage (Negative value). Hence, when averaged over a span
of one cycle, the net value of this power is 0. However, on an instantaneous basis, this
power has to be provided by the AC source. Hence, the inverter, AC wiring and over cur-
rent protection devices have to be sized based on the combined effect of the Active and
Reactive Powers that is called the Apparent Power.
Apparent (S) Power, VA: This power, denoted by "S", is the vectorial sum of the Active
Power in Watts and the Reactive Power in “VAR”. In magnitude, it is equal to the RMS
value of voltage “V” X the RMS value of current “A”. The Unit is VA. Please note that
Apparent Power VA is more than the Active Power in Watts. Hence, the inverter, AC wir-
ing and over current protection devices have to be sized based on the Apparent Power.
Maximum Continuous Running AC Power Rating: This rating may be specied as “Active
Power” in Watts (W) or “Apparent Power” in Volt Amps (VA). It is normally specied in
“Active Power (P)” in Watts for Resistive type of loads that have Power Factor =1. Reac-
tive types of loads will draw higher value of “Apparent Power” that is the sum of “Ac-
tive and Reactive Powers”. Thus, AC power source should be sized based on the higher
“Apparent Power” Rating in (VA) for all Reactive Types of AC loads. If the AC power
source is sized based on the lower “Active Power” Rating in Watts (W), the AC power
source may be subjected to overload conditions when powering Reactive Type of loads.
Starting Surge Power Rating: During start up, certain loads require considerably higher surge
of power for short duration (lasting from tens of millisecs to few seconds) as compared to their
Maximum Continuous Running Power Rating. Some examples of such loads are given below:
• Electric Motors: At the moment when an electric motor is powered ON, the rotor is
stationary (equivalent to being “Locked”), there is no “Back EMF” and the windings
draw a very heavy surge of starting current (Amperes) called “Locked Rotor Am-

10 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 11
peres” (LRA) due to low DC resistance of the windings. For example, in motor driven
loads like Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Compressors and in Well Pumps (using
Pressure Tank), the Starting Surge Current / LRA may be as high as 10 times its rated
Full Load Amps (FLA) / Maximum Continuous Running Power Rating. The value and
duration of the Starting Surge Current / LRA of the motor depends upon the wind-
ing design of the motor and the inertia / resistance to movement of mechanical load
being driven by the motor. As the motor speed rises to its rated RPM, “Back EMF”
proportional to the RPM is generated in the windings and the current draw reduces
proportionately till it draws the running FLA / Maximum Continuous Running Power
Rating at the rated RPM.
• Transformers (e.g. Isolation Transformers, Step-up / Step-down Transformers, Power
Transformer in Microwave Oven etc.): At the moment when AC power is supplied to a trans-
former, the transformer draws very heavy surge of “Magnetization Inrush Current” for a few
millisecs that can reach up to 10 times the Maximum Continuous Rating of the Transformer.
• Devices like Infrared Quartz Halogen Heaters (also used in Laser Printers) / Quartz
Halogen Lights / Incandescent Light Bulbs using Tungsten heating elements: Tungsten
has a very high Positive Temperature Coefcient of Resistance i.e. it has lower resist-
ance when cold and higher resistance when hot. As Tungsten heating element will be
cold at the time of powering ON, its resistance will be low and hence, the device will
draw very heavy surge of current with consequent very heavy surge of power with a
value of up to 8 times the Maximum Continuous Running AC Power.
• AC to DC Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS): This type of power supply is used as
stand-alone power supply or as front end in all electronic devices powered from Util-
ity / Grid e.g. in audio/video/ computing devices and battery chargers (Please see Sec-
tion 4 for more details on SMPS). When this power supply is switched ON, its internal
input side capacitors start charging resulting in very high surge of Inrush Current for a
few millisecs (Please see Fig 4.1). This surge of inrush current / power may reach up to
15 times the Continuous Maximum Running Power Rating. The surge of inrush current
/ power will, however, be limited by the Surge Power Rating of the AC source.
Power Factor, (PF): It is denoted by “PF” and is equal to the ratio of the Active Power
(P) in Watts to the Apparent Power (S) in VA. The maximum value is 1 for resistive types
of loads where the Active Power (P) in Watts = the Apparent Power (S) in VA. It is 0 for
purely inductive or purely capacitive loads. Practically, the loads will be a combination of
resistive, inductive and capacitive elements and hence, its value will be > 0 <1. Normally
it ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 e.g. (i) AC motors (0.4 to 0.8), (ii) Transformers (0.8) (iii) AC to
DC Switch Mode Power Supplies (0.5 to 0.6) etc.
Load: Electrical appliance or device to which an electrical voltage is fed.
Linear Load: A load that draws sinusoidal current when a sinusoidal voltage is fed to it.
Examples are, incandescent lamp, heater, electric motor, etc.
Non-Linear Load: A load that does not draw a sinusoidal current when a sinusoidal volt-
age is fed to it. For example, non-power factor corrected Switched Mode Power Supplies
(SMPS) used in computers, audio video equipment, battery chargers, etc.
SECTION 2 | General Information

12 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
Resistive Load: A device or appliance that consists of pure resistance (like lament lamps,
cook tops, toaster, coffee maker etc.) and draws only Active Power (Watts) from the
inverter. The inverter can be sized based on the Active Power rating (Watts) of resistive
type of loads without creating overload (except for resistive type of loads with Tungsten
based heating element like in Incandescent Light Bulbs, Quartz Halogen Lights and Quartz
Halogen Infrared Heaters. These require higher starting surge power due to lower resist-
ance value when the heating element is cold).
Reactive Load: A device or appliance that consists of a combination of resistive,
inductive and capacitive elements (like motor driven tools, refrigeration compressors,
microwaves, computers, audio/ video etc.). The Power Factor of this type of load is <1 e.g.
AC motors (PF=0.4 to 0.8), Transformers (PF=0.8), AC to DC Switch Mode Power Supplies
(PF=0.5 to 0.6) etc. These devices require Apparent Power (VA) from the AC power
source. The Apparent Power is a vectorial sum of Active Power (Watts) and Reactive
Power (VAR). The AC power source has to be sized based on the higher Apparent Power
(VA) and also based on the Starting Surge Power.
2.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
TIME
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Modied Sine
Wave sits at
ZERO for some
time and then
rises or falls
VPEAK = 169.68V
Modied Sine Wave
Sine Wave
Pure Sine Wave
crosses Zero Volt
instantaneously
VPEAK = 140 to 160V
VRMS = 120 VAC
VOLTS (+)VOLTS (–)
16.66 ms
Fig. 2.1: Pure and Modied Sine Waveforms for 120 VAC, 60 Hz
The output waveform of the Samlex PST series inverters is a Pure Sine Wave like the
waveform of Utility / Grid Power. Please see Sine Wave represented in the Fig. 2.1 that
also shows Modied Sine Waveform for comparison.
In a Sine Wave, the voltage rises and falls smoothly with a smoothly changing phase
angle and also changes its polarity instantly when it crosses 0 Volts. In a Modied Sine
Wave, the voltage rises and falls abruptly, the phase angle also changes abruptly and
it sits at zero V for some time before changing its polarity. Thus, any device that uses a
control circuitry that senses the phase (for voltage / speed control) or instantaneous zero
SECTION 2 | General Information

12 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 13
SECTION 2 | General Information
voltage crossing (for timing control) will not work properly from a voltage that has a
Modied Sine Waveform.
Also, as the Modied Sine Wave is a form of Square Wave, it is comprised of multiple
Sine Waves of odd harmonics (multiples) of the fundamental frequency of the Modied
Sine Wave. For example, a 60 Hz Modied Sine Wave will consist of Sine Waves with
odd harmonic frequencies of 3rd (180 Hz), 5th (300 Hz), 7th (420 Hz) and so on. The high
frequency harmonic content in a Modied Sine Wave produces enhanced radio interfer-
ence, higher heating effect in inductive loads like microwaves and motor driven devices
like hand tools, refrigeration / air-conditioning compressors, pumps etc. The higher
frequency harmonics also produce overloading effect in low frequency capacitors due to
lowering of their capacitive reactance by the higher harmonic frequencies. These capaci-
tors are used in ballasts for uorescent lighting for Power Factor improvement and in
single-phase induction motors as Start and Run Capacitors. Thus, Modied and Square
Wave inverters may shut down due to overload when powering these devices.
2.3 ADVANTAGES OF PURE SINE WAVE INVERTERS
• The output waveform is a Sine Wave with very low harmonic distortion and cleaner
power like Utility / Grid supplied electricity.
• Inductive loads like microwaves, motors, transformers etc. run faster, quieter
and cooler.
• More suitable for powering uorescent lighting xtures containing Power Factor
Improvement Capacitors and single phase motors containing Start and Run Capacitors
• Reduces audible and electrical noise in fans, uorescent lights, audio ampliers, TV,
fax and answering machines, etc.
• Does not contribute to the possibility of crashes in computers, weird print outs and
glitches in monitors.
2.4 SOME EXAMPLES OF DEVICES THAT MAY NOT WORK PROPERLY WITH
MODIFIED SINE WAVE AND MAY ALSO GET DAMAGED ARE GIVEN BELOW:
• Laser printers, photocopiers, and magneto-optical hard drives.
• Built-in clocks in devices such as clock radios, alarm clocks, coffee makers, bread-mak-
ers, VCR, microwave ovens etc. may not keep time correctly.
• Output voltage control devices like dimmers, ceiling fan / motor speed control may
not work properly (dimming / speed control may not function).
• Sewing machines with speed / microprocessor control.
• Transformer-less capacitive input powered devices like (i) Razors, ashlights, night-
lights, smoke detectors etc. (ii) Some re-chargers for battery packs used in hand power
tools. These may get damaged. Please check with the manufacturer of these types of
devices for suitability.
• Devices that use radio frequency signals carried by the AC distribution wiring.

14 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
SECTION 2 | General Information
• Some new furnaces with microprocessor control / Oil burner primary controls.
• High intensity discharge (HID) lamps like Metal Halide Lamps. These may get dam-
aged. Please check with the manufacturer of these types of devices for suitability.
• Some uorescent lamps / light xtures that have Power Factor Correction Capacitors.
The inverter may shut down indicating overload.
• Induction Cooktops
2.5 POWER RATING OF INVERTERS
i
INFO
For proper understanding of explanations given below, please refer to deni-
tions of Active / Reactive / Apparent / Continuous / Surge Powers, Power Factor,
and Resistive / Reactive Loads at Section 2.1 under “DEFINITIONS”.
The power rating of inverters is specied as follows:
• Maximum Continuous Running Power Rating
• Surge Power Rating to accommodate high, short duration surge of power required
during start up of certain AC appliances and devices.
Please read details of the above two types of power ratings in Section 2.1 under
“DEFINITIONS”
i
INFO
The manufacturers’ specication for power rating of AC appliances and devices
indicates only the Maximum Continuous Running Power Rating. The high,
short duration surge of power required during start up of some specic types
of devices has to be determined by actual testing or by checking with the
manufacturer. This may not be possible in all cases and hence, can be guessed
at best, based on some general Rules of Thumb.
Table 2.1 provides a list of some common AC appliances / devices that require high,
short duration surge of power during start up. An “Inverter Sizing Factor” has been
recommended against each which is a Multiplication Factor to be applied to the Rated
Continuous Running Power Rating of the AC appliance / device to arrive at the Rated
Continuous Running Power Rating of the inverter.

14 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 15
SECTION 2 | General Information
TABLE 2.1: INVERTER SIZING FACTOR
Type of Device or Appliance
Inverter
Sizing Factor
(See note 1)
Air Conditioner / Refrigerator / Freezer (Compressor based) 5
Air Compressor 4
Sump Pump / Well Pump / Submersible Pump 3
Dishwasher / Clothes Washer 3
Microwave (where rated output power is the cooking power) 2
Furnace Fan 3
Industrial Motor 3
Portable Kerosene / Diesel Fuel Heater 3
Circular Saw / Bench Grinder 3
Incandescent / Halogen / Quartz Lamps 3
Ceramic/ Positive Temperature Coefcient (PTC) type of heaters 5
Laser Printer / Other Devices using Infrared Quartz Halogen Heaters 4
Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS): no Power Factor correction 2
Photographic Strobe / Flash Lights 4 (See Note 2)
NOTES FOR TABLE 2.1
1. Multiply the Rated Continuous Running Power Rating of the appliance / device by the
recommended Sizing Factor to arrive at the Rated Continuous Running Power Rating
of the inverter.
2. For photographic strobe / ash unit, the Surge Power Rating of the inverter should be
> 4 times the Watt Sec rating of photographic strobe / ash unit.

16 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
3.1 EMI AND FCC COMPLIANCE
These inverters contain internal switching devices that generate conducted and radiated
electromagnetic interference (EMI). The EMI is unintentional and cannot be entirely
eliminated. The magnitude of EMI is, however, limited by circuit design to acceptable
levels as per limits laid down in North American FCC Standard FCC Part 15(B), Class B.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interfer-
ence when the equipment is operated in a residential environment. These inverters can
conduct and radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
3.2 REDUCING EMI THROUGH PROPER INSTALLATION
The effects of EMI will also depend upon a number of factors external to the inverter
like proximity of the inverter to the EMI receptors, types and quality of connecting wires
and cables etc. EMI due to factors external to the inverter may be reduced as follows:
3.2.1 EMI due to factors external to the inverter may be reduced as follows:
- Ensure that the inverter is rmly grounded to the ground system of the building or
the vehicle
- Locate the inverter as far away from the EMI receptors like radio, audio and video
devices as possible
- Keep the DC side wires between the battery and the inverter as short as possible.
- Do NOT keep the battery wires far apart. Keep them taped together to reduce
their inductance and induced voltages. This reduces ripple in the battery wires and
improves performance and efciency.
- Shield the DC side wires with metal sheathing / copper foil / braiding:
- Use coaxial shielded cable for all antenna inputs (instead of 300 ohm twin leads)
- Use high quality shielded cables to attach audio and video devices to one another
- Limit operation of other high power loads when operating audio / video equipment
SECTION 3 | Limiting Electro-Magnetic
Interference (EMI)

16 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 17
SECTION 4 | Powering Direct / Embedded Switch
Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
4.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES (SMPS)
Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are extensively used to convert the incoming AC
power into various voltages like 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 24V etc. that are used to power vari-
ous devices and circuits used in electronic equipment like battery chargers, computers,
audio and video devices, radios etc. SMPS use large capacitors in their input section for
ltration. When the power supply is rst turned on, there is a very large inrush current
drawn by the power supply as the input capacitors are charged (The capacitors act almost
like a short circuit at the instant the power is turned on). The inrush current at turn-on
is several to tens of times larger than the rated RMS input current and lasts for a few
milliseconds. An example of the input voltage versus input current waveforms is given in
Fig. 4.1. It will be seen that the initial input current pulse just after turn-on is > 15 times
larger than the steady state RMS current. The inrush dissipates in around 2 or 3 cycles i.e.
in around 33 to 50 milliseconds for 60 Hz sine wave.
Further, due to the presence of high value of input lter capacitors, the current drawn
by an SMPS (With no Power Factor correction) is not sinusoidal but non-linear as shown
in Fig 4.2. The steady state input current of SMPS is a train of non-linear pulses instead
of a sinusoidal wave. These pulses are two to four milliseconds duration each with a very
high Crest Factor of around 3 (Crest Factor = Peak value ÷ RMS value).
Many SMPS units incorporate “Inrush Current Limiting”. The most common method is
the NTC (Negative Temperature Coefcient) resistor. The NTC resistor has a high resist-
ance when cold and a low resistance when hot. The NTC resistor is placed in series with
the input to the power supply. The cold resistance limits the input current as the input
capacitors charge up. The input current heats up the NTC and the resistance drops
during normal operation. However, if the power supply is quickly turned off and back
on, the NTC resistor will be hot so its low resistance state will not prevent an inrush
current event.
The inverter should, therefore, be sized adequately to withstand the high inrush current
and the high Crest Factor of the current drawn by the SMPS. Normally, inverters have
short duration Surge Power Rating of 2 times their Maximum Continuous Power Rating.
Hence, it is recommended that for purposes of sizing the inverter to accommodate
Crest Factor of 3, the Maximum Continuous Power Rating of the inverter should be > 2
times the Maximum Continuous Power Rating of the SMPS. For example, an SMPS rated
at 100 Watts should be powered from an inverter that has Maximum Continuous Power
Rating of > 200 Watts.

18 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
SECTION 4 | Powering Direct / Embedded Switch
Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Input voltage
Inrush current
Peak inrush
current Rated steady state
input RMS current
NOTE: Voltage
and current scales
are dierent
Fig 4.1: Inrush current in an SMPS
TIME
Peak Current
RMS Current
Non-linear
Input Current
Pulse
Input Sine
Wave Voltage
Crest Factor = Peak Current = 3
RMS Current
Voltage (+)Voltage (–) Current (+)Current (–)
NOTE: Voltage
and current scales
are dierent
Fig. 4.2: High Crest Factor of current drawn by SMPS

18 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 19
SECTION 5 | Principle of Operation
5.1 GENERAL
This inverter converts 12/24 VDC battery voltage to AC voltage with an RMS (Root Mean
Square) value of 120 VAC, 60 Hz RMS.
5.2 PURE SINE WAVE OUTPUT WAVEFORM
The waveform of the AC voltage is a pure Sine Waveform that is same as the waveform
of Grid / Utility power (Supplementary information on pure Sine Waveform and its advan-
tages are discussed in Sections 2.2 to 2.4).
Fig. 5.1 below species the characteristics of 120 VAC, 60 Hz pure Sine Waveform. The
instantaneous value and polarity of the voltage varies cyclically with respect to time. For
example, in one cycle in a 120 VAC, 60 Hz system, it slowly rises in the Positive direction
from 0V to a peak Positive value “Vpeak” = + 169.68V, slowly drops to 0V, changes the
polarity to Negative direction and slowly increases in the Negative direction to a peak
Negative value “Vpeak” = - 169.68V and then slowly drops back to 0V. There are 60 such
cycles in 1 sec. Cycles per second is called the “Frequency” and is also termed “Hertz (Hz)”.
The Time Period of 1 Cycle is 16.66 ms.
TIME
0V
Peak Negative Voltage
- VPEAK = - 169.68V
VRMS = 120 VAC
Peak Positive Voltage
+ VPEAK = + 169.68V
Voltage (+)Voltage (–)
16.66 ms
Fig. 5.1: 120 VAC, 60 Hz Pure Sine Waveform
5.3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
12/24 VDC to 120 VAC conversion takes place in two stages. In the rst stage, 12/24 VDC
of the battery is converted to a high voltage DC using high frequency switching and
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. In the second stage, the high voltage DC is
converted to 120 VAC, 60 Hz sine wave AC again using PWM technique. This is done by
using a special wave shaping technique where the high voltage DC is switched at a high
frequency and the pulse width of this switching is modulated with respect to a refer-
ence sine wave.

20 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
6.1 LAYOUT
Layout of the unit is shown in Fig 6.1 below
Legend
1. Two Position Rocker Switch
• ON − Push top end to switch ON locally
• 0 OFF − Center to switch OFF locally
2. Green LED - Power ON
3. Red LED - Overload
4. Red LED - Over Temperature
5. NEMA5-20R Self Monitoring GFCI Duplex Outlets (Refer to Section 8.5.2)
5A. Reset Button
5B. Test Button
5C. Dual Color (Green/Red) Status LED for GFCI
6A. Ventilation slots at the bottom for air suction for cooling fan
6B. Cooling Fan Opening for air discharge
7. Grounding Lug: Wire hole diameter: 5/16”
Set screw: • 5/16” x 24 TPI
• 3/8” long ; Slotted Head
8. Negative (-) DC Input Terminal
9. Positive (+) DC Input Terminal
10. Modular Jack (6P6C) for RC-15A Remote Control (optional)
1
10
PST-1000-12/PST-1000-24 (Front)
PST-1000-12/PST-1000-24 (Back)
2
3
4TEST MONTHLY
TEST MENSUET
FOLLOW DIRECTIONS
SUIVEZ INSTRUCTION
5A 5B
5
5C
120 VAC / 60Hz
600W POWER INVERTER
6B
7
8 9
6A
Wire hole diameter: 7/16”
Set screw: • 5/16” x 24 TPI
• 1/2” long ; Slotted Head
RESET
RESET
TEST
TEST
NEG –
WARNING:
Reverse polarity will damage the unit.
AVERTISSEMENT :
Inversion de polarité peut endommager l’unité.
NEG – POS +
Fig. 6.1: Layout of PST-1000-12 & PST-1000-24
SECTION 6 | Layout