Satel SATELLAR XT 5R User manual

MISSION-CRITICAL CONNECTIVITY
SATELLAR DIGITAL SYSTEM
PART III: RADIO UNIT / 5 W;
SATELLAR XT 5R AND XT 5RC
USER GUIDE VERSION. 1.5
RU
USER GUIDE

Copyright © 2016 Satel Oy
No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted or stored in a retrieval system in any form or by any
means without the prior written permission of Satel Oy. This document is provided in confidence and must not be
distributed to third parties without the express permission of Satel Oy.

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Contents
Important notice 6
Restrictions on use 7
Product conformity 8
Warranty and safety instructions 9
1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family 10
1.1 Mounting 14
1.2 Terms and abbreviations 14
2. Technical specifications 15
3. Typical setup 18
4. Mounting 20
4.1 Mounting of the SATELLAR XT 5R and 5RC 20
4.2 Front cover 21
5. Interfaces 22
5.1 Serial data 23

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5.1.1 RS-232 23
5.1.2 RS-485/422 interface 24
5.1.3 RS-485/422 line length 25
5.1.4 Unit load 25
5.1.5 RS-485/422 termination 25
5.1.6 RS-485/422 connection/termination examples 25
5.1.7 Failsafe RS-485/422 termination 27
5.2 Radio 28
5.3 DC supply 28
5.4 Diagnostics, monitoring, changing settings 29
5.5 LED indicators 30
5.6 Function button 31
6. Data transmission 34
6.1 Basic mode with TX priority 34
6.2 Basic mode with RX priority 36
6.3 Basic mode with repeater 37
6.4 Source routing 37
6.5 Packet routing 40
6.5.1 Radio access control 42
6.6 Data flow control in basic and source routing mode 43
6.6.1 TX delay 43
6.6.2 Handshaking 43
6.6.3 Error control 44
6.6.4 Pause length 45

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7. Settings 46
7.1 Network protocol modes 46
7.1.1 Station addresses and network ID 47
7.2 Radio settings 48
7.3 Serial connector configuration 49
7.4 Data port settings 50
7. 5 Serial data flow control 51
7.6 Packet mode radio access control 52
8. Type designation 55
9. Accessories 56
10. SATEL open source statements 57
10.1 AES Encryption 57
11. Troubleshooting 58
11.1 Error codes 58
11. 2 Connection problems 62
12. Settings selection guide 63
12.1 Modem Settings 63

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All rights to this manual are owned solely by Satel
Oy (referred to in this user guide as Satel). All
rights reserved. The copying of this manual (with-
out written permission from the owner) by print-
ing, copying, recording or by any other means,
or the full or partial translation of the manual to
any other language, including all programming
languages, using any electrical, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, manual or other methods or
devices is forbidden.
Satel reserves the right to change the technical
specifications or functions of its products, or to
discontinue the manufacture of any of its prod-
ucts or to discontinue the support of any of its
products, without any written announcement and
urges its customers to ensure that the information
at their disposal is valid.
Satel software and programs are delivered ”as
is”. The manufacturer does not grant any kind of
warranty including guarantees on suitability and
applicability to a certain application. Under no
circumstances is the manufacturer or the devel-
oper of a program responsible for any possible
damages caused by the use of a program. The
names of the programs as well as all copyrights
relating to the programs are the sole property
of Satel. Any transfer, licensing to a third party,
leasing, renting, transportation, copying, editing,
translating, modifying into another programming
language or reverse engineering for any intent is
forbidden without the written consent of Satel.
SATEL PRODUCTS HAVE NOT BEEN
DESIGNED, INTENDED NOR INSPECTED TO
BE USED IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT - RELATED
DEVICE OR SYSTEM - RELATED FUNCTION
NOR AS A PART OF ANY OTHER CRITICAL SYS-
TEM AND ARE GRANTED NO FUNCTIONAL
WARRANTY IF THEY ARE USED IN ANY OF THE
APPLICATIONS MENTIONED.
Salo, Finland 2016
Important notice

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SATELLAR radio modem has been designed
to operate on 320-520 MHz, the exact use of
which differs from one region and/or country
to another. The user of a radio modem must
take care that the said device is not operated
without the permission of the local authorities on
frequencies other than those specifically reserved
and intended for use without a specific permit.
SATELLAR is allowed to be used in the following
countries, either on licence free channels or on
channels where the operation requires a licence.
More detailed information is available at the
local frequency management authority.
Countries: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE,
ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IL, IT, LV, LT, LX,
MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RU, SE, SI and SK.
Restrictions on use

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Product conformity
SATELLAR
Satel Oy hereby declares that SATELLAR Radio Unit (referred to in this user guide as RU) radio modem
is in compliance with the essential requirements (radio performance, electromagnetic compatibility
and electrical safety) and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Therefore the equip-
ment is labelled with the following CE-marking. The notification sign informs users that the operating
frequency range of the device is not harmonised throughout the market area, and the local spectrum
authority should be contacted before the usage of the radio modem is used.

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Warranty and safety instructions
Read these safety instructions carefully before using the product:
– The warranty will be void if the product is used in any way that is in
contradiction with the instructions given in this manual, or if the housing of
the radio modem has been opened or tampered with.
– The radio modem is only to be operated at frequencies allocated by local
authorities, and without exceeding the given maximum allowed output
power ratings. Satel and its distributors are not responsible if any products
manufactured by it are used in unlawful ways.
– The devices mentioned in this manual are to be used only according to the
instructions described in this manual. Faultless and safe operation of the
devices can be guaranteed only if the transport, storage, operation and
handling of the devices is appropriate. This also applies to the maintenance
of the products.
– To prevent damage to device, both the radio modem and any terminal device
must always be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting the serial
connection cable. It should be ascertained that different devices used have
the same ground potential. Before connecting any power cables the output
voltage of the power supply should be checked.
– It is possible to connect the device to an outdoor antenna or a cable
distribution system. In these cases, in order to conduct the possible over
voltages due to lightings to earth, the equipment should be connected
to protective earth by using the mounting screws of the device. This is a
requirement in order to be in compliance with the electrical safety regulations
(EN 60950-1).
– To be protected against all verified adverse effects the separation distance of
at least 50 cm must be maintained between the antenna of SATELLAR radio
modem and all persons.

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
SATELLAR is a new generation narrow band radio modem, which consists of separate units:
– Central unit (CU)
– Radio unit 5W (RU)
– Expansion units (XU)
Figure 1.1 SATELLAR product family:
1. SATELLAR XT 5RC with display:
Central unit (CU) with display and keypad + radio unit (RU), 5 W
2. SATELLAR XT 5RC without display:
Central unit (CU) without display and keypad + radio unit (RU), 5 W
3. SATELLAR XT 5R: Radio unit (RU), 5 W.
Using SATELLAR, customers build their own independent radio data communication network.
This document presents the specifications and the intended use of the RU. The properties of other units
are described in their own manuals. Reading them is necessary to understand the operation of the RU.
Data communication
SATELLAR operates either as a transparent radio link, essentially replacing a cable, for classic RS-232 /
RS-485 / RS-422 based protocols or as a wireless router in an IP-based network. When the RU is acting
as a router station in an IP network without any local Ethernet connection, it can be used as a standalone
device. In stations where a local Ethernet connection is needed it must be used together with a CU.
SA00057
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
1 2
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
3
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
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SA00066
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
Figure 1.2 SATELLAR XT 5R: The Radio unit (RU) is used as standalone device router station, where Ethernet is not
needed.
SA00067
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
5
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
6
Figure 1.3 SATELLAR XT 5RC with display (on down left), SATELLAR XT 5RC without display (on down right) include
RU and CU. These types are used, when a local Ethernet connection is needed.
Range
In the RU of the SATELLAR the communication range of a point to point link is typically longer than
10 km in urban conditions (some obstacles in the line of sight), and longer than 20 km in line of sight
conditions. The range can be further extended using high gain antennas and radio repeaters.
Security
Data security is often a concern when using radio communication. In the SATELLAR a 128-bit encryp-
tion on the air-interface ensures privacy in the radio network.
Flexible and expandable
The SATELLAR concept has been designed to be flexible and expandable both in terms of hardware
and software functions. This can also be seen when using the RU alone.

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
Modulation method
Several different modulation methods are offered. If the customer requires a long-range radio connec-
tion he/she selects a low level modulation. On the contrary, if a high data rate is the primary concern
a high level modulation must be selected.
Channel width
Channel spacings 12.5, 25 and 150 kHz are supported with 5W radio unit, and those can be selected
by changing software settings – without a need to modify the hardware.
FEC (Forward Error Correction) and interleaving
To extend the radio range in a noisy environment (at the expense of the data rate) a forward error
correction algorithm (FEC) can be used. The RU offers two different code rates for forward error cor-
rection and it is used together with interleaving to minimize the effect of errors occurring in bursts.
Adjustable output power
RF output power is adjustable within steps defined at factory by manufacturer. Maximum factory set
output power can not be exceeded by customer.
NOTE: It should be noted that modulation, channel spacing, and FEC must be equal in the whole
network.
Expansion units
Due to the modular mechanical structure of SATELLAR it is possible to add hardware expansion units.
The idea is that this could be done as an update after the initial deployment. At the moment, however,
the RU does not support the update. The schedule for this will be informed later.
Related to the RU the most relevant expansion units will be:
– A serial port extender unit: a unit offering two or more serial ports, possibly
of different types (RS-232, -422, -485)
– I/O extension (for site monitoring and simple I/O control)

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
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Figure 1.4 Modular construction, mounting of the expansion unit XU

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
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Abbreviation Full Name Description
NMS Network Management System SATEL NMS is a combination of features
and firmware running in SATEL modems, a
communication protocol and external software,
together allowing the monitoring, management and
administration of radio modem networks consisting
of SATEL devices.
SATBUS SATEL Serial Bus Bus used to interconnect different SATELLAR units,
e.g. the RU and CU.
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array Supervises the board HW and operates as a gateway
between SATBUS and the MCU.
MCU Master Controller Unit Main processor of the RU, responsible for DATA
handling and control of the unit electronics.
DSP Digital Signal Processor Performs digital signal processing and radio channel
medium access tasks. Issues control commands and
monitor the operation of the radio part.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receive
Transmit
In standard use in SATELLAR.
Table 1.1 Terms and abbreviations
1.1 Mounting
SATELLAR can be mounted directly on a flat surface or to a DIN rail. When mounting on a flat surface
a two-piece mounting clip can be used. The mounting clip is delivered in the basic sales package.
DIN-rail mounting is possible either on the backside of the stack of different SATELLAR units or on the
other narrow side of each unit (the latter case so that the LED indicators remain visible for the user).
See chapter 4.
Ruggedized
SATELLAR is constructed of die-cast aluminum to withstand the abuse typical to rough industrial envi-
ronments. It operates over a wide temperature range and under severe vibration conditions to meet
the requirements of vehicular and process industry applications.
1.2 Terms and abbreviations
Here below are explained a few terms and abbreviations to help the reader of this manual in under-
standing the basic concepts of SATELLAR.

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2. Technical specifications
3
2. Technical specifications
Common radio parameters
Frequency range 5 W radio unit: 320 – 520 MHz
Tuning range MHz 45 (320 - 365/360 - 405/400 - 445/440 - 485/480 - 520 MHz)
Channel width 5 W radio unit: 12.5, 25, 150 kHz selectable by software
Carrier frequency setting Frequency programmability in 6.25 kHz steps
Carrier frequency accuracy
(over temperature)
+/-2.5 ppm
Carrier frequency long term stability +/-2.0 ppm/3 years
Latency (in transparent mode)
(25 kHz, serial port speed 19200 bits/s,
over-the-air encryption off, FEC off)
< 18 ms
Modulation methods 4-, 8- and 16-FSK
Forward error correction (FEC) Off, code rate 0.67, code rate 0.5
NOTE! FEC not available with 16-FSK modulation
Interleaving 8 x 96 bits
Over-the-air encryption AES 128 bit (CTR-mode)
Transmitter parameters
Output power
SATELLAR radio unit / 5 W 0.1…5 W adjustable by software, Steps: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5,
1, 2, 5 W
Adjacent channel power: Typically < -63 dBc (meas. method EN 300 113)
Air speed
bits/s @12.5 kHz bits/s @ 25 kHz bit/s @ 150 kHz
4-FSK 9600 19200 11520 0
8-FSK 14400 28800 1728 0 0
16-FSK 19200 38400 230400

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2. Technical specifications
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Receiver parameters
Sensitivity / dBm
Channel spacing / modulation BER
10E-3 10E-6 SNR* (minimum)
25 kHz / 19200 bps (4-FSK) -116 -112 20
12.5 kHz / 9600 bps (4-FSK) -119 -115 20
150 kHz / 115200 bps (4-FSK) -104 -97 20
25 kHz / 28800 bps (8-FSK) -109 -105 26
12.5 kHz / 14400 bps (8-FSK) -112 -106 26
150 kHz / 172800 bps (8-FSK) -96 -89 26
25 kHz / 38400 bps (16-FSK) -102 -98 32
12.5 kHz / 19200 bps (16-FSK) -105 -98 32
150 kHz / 230400 bps (16-FSK) -88 -82 32
* SNR = Detector Signal to Noise Ratio
Common parameters
Power consumption
SATELLAR radio unit / 5 W 17.9 W, 5 W transmission (TX mode)
7.3 W, 100 mW transmission (TX mode)
2.8 W, reception (RX mode)
Start time (from power off) < 2.5 s
Interfaces – power 2-pin plug with screw flange, pitch 3.5 mm, type Phoenix Contact
MC 1,5/2-GF-3,5 THT, code 1937318
Interfaces – DTE RS-232/422/485 (TIA-574), D9 female
Up to 57,6 kbps
Interfaces – RF TNC female, 50 ohm
Temperature ranges -25 - +55 °C, complies with the standards
-30 - +75 °C, functional
-40 - +85 °C, storage
Humidity < 95 % @ 25 °C, non-condensing
Vibration At least 10 – 500 Hz/5g without degradation in data transfer capability
Shock resistivity Dropping height 1 m, all directions
IP rating IP 52
DC input range 10.6 ... 30 V
Mechanical dimensions H × W × D
SATELLAR radio unit / 5 W 130 × 55.5 × 76.5 mm

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2. Technical specifications
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Mounting DIN rail (side or back), two-piece mounting clip, or directly on flat
surface
Weight
SATELLAR radio unit / 5 W 680 g
Cooling
SATELLAR radio unit / 5 W Convection cooling assisted by fan at extreme temperatures
Standards compliance
Radio requirements EN 300 113-1, -2, EN 302 561
EMC
- radio unit
- central unit
EN 301 489-1, -5
IEC 61000-6-2, IEC 61000-6-4
Safety EN 60950-1
RoHS 2002/95/EC, 2002/96/EU, 2011/65/EU
Table 2.1 Technical specifications of SATELLAR radio unit

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3. Typical setup
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3. Typical setup
The figure below shows a typical setup when transferring data through the RU. When using the RU
together with the CU, the recommended minimum distance between antenna and the CU is 2 m in
order to avoid degradation of the receiver sensitivity due to radiated interference from the CU.
Figure 3.1 Transferring data through the RU, cabling
1.
RF cable
with TNC
male
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
RF
10.6-30
VDC
RS-485/
RS-232
2.
3.
Data cable
with D9
male
connector
Data
terminal
equipment
Power
supply
10.6-30VDC
15 W
SA00033
min
2 m
+ -
RU
CU
SATELLAR XT 5R
Radio unit only

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3. Typical setup
3
If the user wants to change/view settings the Data terminal equipment needs to be replaced by a PC.
The role of the port must then be changed to accept NMS messages. This can be done by press-
ing the function button that is located below the RU LED indicators. The functionality of the button is
described in chapter 5.5. When the type of the DTE interface is the standard RS-232, the port can also
be configured so that it is possible to use the Data terminal equipment and PC simultaneously (see
chapter 7.4 for details).
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
Function button
SA00034
Figure 3.2 Location of the Function button

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4. Mounting
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4. Mounting
4.1 Mounting of the SATELLAR XT 5R and 5RC
The SATELLAR XT 5R and 5RC can be mounted as follows:
– On a DIN-rail using SATELLAR specific DIN rail adapters (two pieces needed) connected
at the other edge or at the bottom of the unit.
– NOTE! The DIN rail adapters have to be ordered separately.
Please contact manufacturer to get more information regarding mounting of the units.
NOTE!
1. The equipment must be installed in restricted access location due to high
touch temperatures of metal enclosure.
2. The screen of coaxial antenna cable must be grounded to protect from over
voltages from outdoor antenna.