Tektronix 7000 Series User manual

T eld ronix
COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE
Digitpl Accuracy
Analog Interpretation
7000 Series
Digital Plug-in
Applications
time and frequency
digital delay
amplitude
temperature
. . .more than an oscilloscope

TA BLE O F CO NT EN TS
I n tro d uctio n

. . .......... P age

3
1 Α .
Timing an d F req u ency ;
I n tro d uctio n to 7D14
Digital Counter an d
7D15 U niversal Cou
n
ter/
Timer P
l u g-ins

.....
P ages

4-7
1 Β . Timing M easurements
wit h t he 7D15

...... P ages . 8-12
1
C .
F requency M easurements
wit h t h e 7D14 and
7D15 .............. P ages 12-13
2
Α . Digital Delay ; Intro-
d uction to t h e 7D10
and 7D11 Digital
Delay U nits ........ P ages 14-15
213 .
Delay-by-Time
M eas u rements wit h
t h
e
7D11

..........
P
ages
15-18
2C . Delay- b y- E vents
wit h t he 7D10 a nd
7D11 .............. P age 18
3 Α . Am p litu d e an d
V oltage ; Introd u ction
to t h e 7D12 Α /D
Converter an d 7D13
Digital Mu ltimeter wit h
Modules-Ml, M ulti-
function M o d ule, Μ 2,
Sam p le/ H ol d M o d ule
an d Μ
3,
V
olts
Mo
d ule

...........
P
age

18
3Β . Sam p le an d H ol d an d
True RM S
M
eas
u
re-
ments
wit h t he 7D12/
Μ
2
a nd 7D12/M3

. ..... P ages 19-20
4 .

Tem p erature M eas u re-
me n ts wit h t h e7D12/M2
an d 7D13 . . . . ... . . . P age 21
Digital Ap p lication N otes,
Or d eri n g I nformation an d
B usiness R e p ly Car d

....
P ages 22-23

T h e purp ose of t h is boo k let ...
. . . is to familiarize you wit h t he Te
k -

T he oscillosco pe is α p o p u lar, time
tronix 7000 Series d igital p lug-i n units,

p roven electronic measureme n t tool . Its
and to sh ow you h ow t h ey can ma ke

ban d wi d t h , sensitivity, a n d t he inter p re-
your oscillosco p e α more versatile, ac-

ti υ ep ower in heren t in its visual d is p lay
curate an d easy to use measurement

ma
ke it
an u
nparalleled d evice for ac-
tool . T h e boo k let is d ivided - into four

q uiring an d d
is p
layi
n g electronic sig-
sectio ns : Timing a n d F re q uency M ea-

nals . Yet wit h its ma ny irre p laceable
sureme n ts, Digital Delay M easure-

qualities, t h eoscilloscope typically can-
ments, Am p lit u d e and Voltage

not compare wit hα d igital instrumen t
M easurements,

and Temperature

suc h as α DVM or αd igital counter for
M easurements, wit h α h elpful cross-

acc uracy or resolution .
in d ex of a pp lications
and d
igital p lug-

The
p lug-in com p artme n ts i n t he Te k -
i n un its .

tronix 7000 Series mainframes an d t he
Each section p rovi des α brief d escri p -

availability of crt rea
d
out,
offer
α
εοη -
tion of
t h
e
feat u res
an
do p eratio n of t h e

venient met hod of add i ng true d igital
relate d p l
u g-ins,
and
some
app
lications

measureme n t ca p a
b ility
to yo
u r oscillo-
to h elp ill u strate t h e full measureme n t

sco pe . T he Te k tronix 7000 Series
offers
p ossibilities t h at t h ese p lug-ins offer .

α f u ll com p lement of digital meas u re-
T h is b oo k let will be upd ate d p erio d ical-

me
n t p lug-ins . T h e un its i n clude α εουη -
ly wit h new applications an d ot her in-

ter, universal cou nter/timer, two d igital
formatio n
to
h el p
you
ma ke fuller use of

d
elays, multimeter, sam p le an d h old
your d igital p lug-ins .

D VM,
and
RM S voltmeter .
Incl u d ing
o
n e or more d igital p lug-ins
i n your 7000
Series oscillosco p e system
p rovi des you
wit
h
t
h e a
dd e d accuracy
and resol
u tion
of
α d igital instrume
It also o p
ens t h
e
d oor
to
α number W
measurements
t h at cannot be ma de
wit h eit h er an oscillosco p e or α
d igital
measurement instr u ment alone .

B rig h t Traces
L arge No Parallax
Illuminate d Graticules
E asy Dis p lay Selection
Convenient Came r a
M ountings An d
Connections
2
t u nes
400
MHz
band wi d t h wit h full
sca n overla p .
Crt R ea d out

Calibration Stan d ar d
P lug-in F
lexibility

P ic k T h e Trigger Source
T
h
e 7000
Series ... more t h an an oscillosco
p e
Th is is more true to day t h an ever . T he

W it h over 35 com
p ati b le p lug-ins to

Th e 7000-Se
r
ies com
m itment to su p e-
7000
Series continues to offer υη -

c h oose from, you can
configure α flexi-

r io r p erformance an d wide-ranging
flex-
m atched value
i n oscillosco p es-

ble sco p e pack age arou nd yo
u r digital

ib ίl ί ty m erges d igital accuracy with
s up erior
p erformance, wi d e-ra nging

app lication ; 7000-series
mai n frames

analog
i n ter p retation . Your timing,
flexibility and α
stro n g commitment to

acce p t t hree or four p lug-ins
:

f r equency, voltage,
am p lit ude, d igital
your f u ture nee ds .

"
Digital p lug-i ns . . . O p t for un
i q
ue

delay or
tempe r ature meas u r eme n t is
W it h t h is family of
eig h t oscillosco pe

an d accurate solutio ns to com p
lex

digitally r ea d out
d irectly on t h e crt .
m ai n frames, you can p ut
toget h er α

meas u rement p roblems .

Th is m ea n sα 7000-Series
Plug-in Oscil-
h ig h - p erformance
la b oratory instr u -

" V ertical am p lifiers ... Select your

losco pe offe r s yo
uan easy an d acc u -
ment p ac k age base d on your meas u re-

system b an d wi d t h , n umber of in p u t

r ate way to h and le you r digital αρρ
1 ίεα -
ment
n ee ds
.

c h an
nels, vertical sensitivity, i n p ut

t ί ons .
" Ban d wi d t hs range from 25 to 500 MHz .

im p ed ance, an d
single
or
differential
*Display mo d es incl u de normal or

in
p
uts .
t hree
ty pes
of
storage, bistable and

"
Time bases . . . C h oose swee psp
eed,
fast mes h transfer, both develo p
edby

si n gle or dual swee p , an d now d elta
ί

Te k tronix, as well as variable p
ersist-
time cap ability .
Ι

ence . T h e fast tra n sfer tech
nique,
Also,
w h ic h ma kes multimo d e storage pos-

"
Sam
p ling
and
TD R p lug-ins . . . C h oose
sible, p rovi d es t he fastest writing

single or
d u
al
c hannel sam p li ng p lus
rates available to day .

time d omain
reflectometry .
" Si ngle o r
available
beam mo d els are avail-

" Sp
ecial- p ur
p
ose p
lug-ins
. . .
Select
dual
able
; t h
edu
al beam ca p ability tea-

logic
analyzers,
an
d c u rve
tracers
.

Time
an d
F re q uency .
W it h our universal
cou nter/timer
γου
ca n visually select
coun ter start an d sto p p oints on your

Te
k tronix h as long recognize d t he con-
'

wavefor m to measure p ulse p erio d ,

venience an d ease of o p eration af-
pu lse wid t h , or more com p lex p arame-

for d edby crt readout of scale factors,
ters li ke risetime, t he time betwee n
non-

test d ates, test n umbers, an d ot h er per-
adjacent
ad j ace n t events,
or
t he fre
q uency of α

tinent test d ata . T h e d igital p lug-ins
gated burst .
Two
examples
of visually

give you t h e furt h er convenience of t h e
selecte d
meas u reme
n
ts t h at you can

spee
d , re p eatability, and p recision of
ma
ke
are t he time between t he first and

d
igital meas urements, wit h t he mea-
eig
h t
hp
ulse i n α d ata trai n or t h e width

su
rement res u lts dis p laye d on t h e crt .
of αp ulse t h
at occurs i n th e mi dd le of

Individual d igital p lug-ins p rovi de ot h er
α
co
n trol
seq uence . B ot h our cou n ters

time saving features . T he universal
p rovi d e gate d is p lays of t h eir measure-

counter/timer, for exam p le, offers fin-
ment intervals, w h ic h can be d is p laye d
ger ti p selection
of
frequen cy, p ulse
on t he crt to re d uce errors i
n trigger

perio
d , p
ulse wi d t h an dtime interval
level ad ju stments,
an d ma k e it easier

measurements . V isual d is p lay of t he
for you to see exactly
w h at measure-

gate waveforms lets you set up mea-
me n t
you are ma k ing . You can also

su rements q u ic k ly and p recisely .
ma
ke
single-s h ot meas u reme n ts wit h
both cou n
ters . You mig h t, for exam p
le,

more accuracy
measure t h e wi d t h of α noise sp i ke in α
control sequence to d
etermine t he
amo u nt of filtering nee de d in
α
circuit .

The basic am p litu d e a ndtime interval
measurement accuracy of t h e conven-
`

Temperature . Ou r two m u ltimeter units
I N TR OD U CTIO N

also measure tem p erature . W it h α sp e-
cial voltage insulated p robe you can
measure t h e tem p erature of semicon-
ductor d evices un d er test, d o ub le check
more measureme n
t

your h eat sin k calc u lations, or q uic k ly
ca p ability

troubleshoot α d igital logic boar d .
vi de two d igital multimeters, α true RM S
voltmeter, and sam p le an d h old meas-
u rement cap ability . T he sam p
le an d
h ol d p lug-in allows you to visually se-
lect a ny p oi n t on you r waveform an d
accurately measure its voltage wit h re-
s p ect to ground , or measure t he voltage
d ifference between any two p oi n ts
on
t he waveform . W it h th is unit you can
measure voltage levels
in
core
memory
an dp ulse am p litu des i n logic
or control
icircuits .
easy to use
Digital Delay . B ot h of our d elay units

tional oscillosco p e is 3°/
ο .
Delay time
p rovi d e d elay-by-events, w h ic h allows

measurements can be ma de at accu-
you to d elay your oscilloscope's time

racies
up
to 1 % . T he 7000 Series digital
base by an ex act number of eve n ts
or

p l u g-i ns
p
rovi degreat imp
roveme n t
i
n
cloc k p ulses
.
T h is ty p e of d elay elimi-

t h is basic accuracy . T h e 7D12/M2Sam-
n ates any i nh ere n t system j itter due to

p le/ H ol d DVM, for exam p le, gives you
mec h anical fluctuations an d also allows

direct am p lit u de measurements at ac-
you to easily exami ne d ata trains bit by

curacies a pp roach ing 0 .25%, w h ile t h e
b it . Α very accurate time d elay is also

7D15 U niversal Counter measures time
available for wor k in d igital logic, ra d ar

i n tervals wit h up to 0 .0001
°/
ο accuracy .
and sonar .

T he 7D11 Digital Delay p rovi d es d elay
V oltage and Am p litu d e . W e
also p ro-

time accuracies
up to
0
.00001%
.

1 Α TI M I N GA N D
FRE Q UEN CY
The 7D14
Digital Counter an d t he 7D15
U
niversal Cou n ter/Timer give you t he
k i n d of versatility
t h at lets you solve
to d ay's
measurement p ro b lems as well
as tomorrow's
. B y combi n ing o ne of
t h ese co un ters
wit h any 7000-Series
oscillosco p e, you obtai
n greater flexi-
bility an d acc u racy t han is p ossible
wit h
eit her an oscillosco pe or α co unter
alone .
T h e cou n ter gives you digital
accu r acy an d resolution, w h ile t h e os-
cillosco p e lets
you
see w h at t he cou n -
ter is triggeri ng on . T he visual d is p lay
re d uces errors,
s p eed s up meas u re-

The 7D14 Digital Counter an d t h e 7D15 Un iversal Counter/Time r
ment time, an d allows you to ma ke α
greater variety of meas u rements . T h is
combinatio n also ma
kes p ossible t h e

T h e following section d escribes t he

counter . T he TR IG SOUR CE p ositions
u niq ue feature of oscillosco pe co
n -

p
ur p ose a
ndop
eratio
n
of some of
t
he

of
t he I NPU TS EN S (7D14) and t he Ρ - Ρ
trolle d trigger armin g . W it h trigger arm-

basic controls on t h e 7D14 an d 7D15,

S EN S (7D15) switc h es select t h is inter-
ing you can visually select specific time

to h el p you better u n dersta nd t he full

παΙ
trigger
source mo d e . T
h
is sig n al in-
i n te r vals for meas u rement wit h in α re-

measurement capab ility of t he units .

p ut met ho d re d uces circuit loa d ing and
p etitive or non-repetitive p ulse trai n .

F ollowing t h is General O p eratio n sec-

p rovi des p re-conditioni ng of t h e in p ut
Cou
n ter/oscillosco p e measurement

tion is α series
of
detaile d ap plications,

signal .
systems h ave p rove d
invaluable
to
e n-

w h ic h illustrate
t
he measureme
n t
of

Trigger
level p reset is also available on
gi neers and d esigners
in d igital elec-

both
time an d frequency
p
arameters

both units .
W it h t he 7D14, t he p reset
tronics, com p uter electronics, in d ustrial

suc h as wi d t h , p erio d , p ro pagation d e-

level can be
set wit h α front- p anel,
controls,

communications

an d ma n y

lay, frequency, etc . E ach app lication

screw d
river
a
d ju stment . Wh en t he 7D15
ot h er fiel ds .

i n cl ud es an e q u i p ment setu p illustra-

T R IGG ER
LEVEL co n trols are set to
B ot h t he 7D14 an d 7D15 measure fre-

tio n and α coo k boo k ty ped escri p tio n
PRESET, t h e unit
automatically triggers
q u ency an d eve n ts, ma k i ng t h em i n-

of t h e p ro p er control settings .

at t h e 0 volt level . In t h is p osition you
valuable tools w h en wor k ing wit h C W

can also set t h e trigger level exter n
ally
or fre q ue n cy b urst signals . T h e 7D14

eneral
et
eration

(see t h e following d iscussion) .
g
p
measures fre q uency d irectly to 525
MH z ; t he 7D15 measures fre q uency up
to 225 MH z .

Triggering . Th e trigger selectivity of
t
h e
T he 7D15 can also p rovi d e you wit h

7D14 an d 7D15 contributes g r eatly to
timing measurements wit hαhigh d e-

the measu r ement flexibility of t h ese
gree of accuracy (0 .5 pp m) an d resolu-

units . B ot h units p rovi de oscillosco pe
tion . Α sim p le touch of α button selects

ty pe
trigger co n trols, w h ic h allow t h e
t h e measurement re q uired, suc h as

choice of AC or DC cou p ling, + or -
period, pu lse
w
i d t h , or time i n te r val .

slo p e, i n ter n al or exter n al trigger
U sing t he d elaye d swee p of your time

source, an d ad j ustable trigger level .
b ase, you can externally arm t h e trigger

These controls are located
in
t he green
circuits w h ic h allows you to visually

sh
ade dareas of eac
h p
lug-i n . Το obtain

Trigger L evel J ac k s . Th e 7 D
15 provides
select t h e ti m e interval you wantmea-

α
trigger signal, t h e signal to be mea-

two front- p a n el
T
R IG
LEVEL
jack s . T h e
sured . Now you cansee if you are false

sured is generally in pu
t
directly into t he

voltage t h at a pp ears at t h ese j acks is
triggeri n g on n oise or even measuring

counter t hroug hα front p anel signal in-

p
ro p ortio n al to t h e act u al voltage levels
t h
e
wrong
time inte r val .

p u t connector . W it h t he counter in α

at w h ic h t h e trigger circuits ( Α
and
Β )
h orizontal p lug-in com p artment, h ow-

have
b
ee n set to trigger . Table 1 lists
ever, you can ro u te α sig n al from α ver-

the actual trigger level ranges of t he
tical am p lifier p lug-in internally
t
hroug h
trigger circ u
its for t h e t h ree p ositio n s
t he oscillosco pe mainframe
to
t
h e

of
t
h eΡ - ΡS EN S co n trols an d t he
corres p on ding out pu ts at t he TR IO
LEVEL j acks . N ote t h at for all t h ree trig-
ger level ranges, t he out p ut of t he T R IG
LEVEL j ac ks is from -0 .5 V
to
+0 .5 V .

F or t h e 5 V and 50 V ra n ges,
t he TR
IG

cou nter to ma ke h
ig
h ly accurate mea-

F ig . 1 sh ows an exam
p
le of
t h e mea-
LEVEL outp ut is t hus p ro p ortio n al to

sureme n ts on selecte d p ortio ns of α

surement of t h e time betwee n two non-
h
e
actual trigger level voltage . U si ng α

re p etitive or non-repetitive pulse trai n .

ad j ace n t p ulses, u sing trigger arming .
VM to monitor t h e voltage at on e of

F
ew ot
h
er cou n ters offer t h is feature .

In t h is case, both t h e ch a nn el Α an dΒ
th ese j ack s, you can set t h e res p ective

Since t h e counter is being use d in an

trigger controls are set to trigger on t he
trigger circuit to trigger on an exact

oscillosco p e, t h e delayed swee p gate,

50% level of t h e p ositive-going slo pe
voltage level . For exam p le, if you want

whic h
is
read ily availa b le from t h e time

of
α p ulse . T he d elayed swee p gate of
to set t he Α TR IGG ER LEVEL to trigger

base, ma k es αvery co nvenien t exter n al

the oscilloscope is used as t he arming
on t he +2 .5 V level of t he Α i np ut sig-

armi ng signal for t he co u nter . T h e d e-

gate,
and
m u st be connecte d to b ot h
ηαΙ , t hen measure + 0 .25 V wit hα DVM

laye d swee p gate
is p articularly u sef u l,

the Α ARM and t he Β A RM co nn ectors .
at Α TR IG LEVEL OU T PU T . T h is also

beca u se b ot h t h e wid
t
h a
nd t he ti m e

Usi ng t h e oscillosco pe Delay Time ΜυΙ -
mea ns t h at younee d to be
on
t h e 1 Ρ - Ρ

p
ositio n ( d elay) of t h is gate can
b
e
con-

ti p lier
a
nd th
e
Β swee p Time/Divisio n
SEN S

range . T h is feature
is
h el p ful

trolle d wit h t h e time base Time/ Division

controls, t h edelayed swee p gate can
w hen
trying to measure α p arameter li
ke

co n trols and t he Delay Time M ulti p lier

be ad j usted to select t h e sp ecific p ulses
risetime or p ulse wi d t h , w here trigger

co n trol, res p ectively . T he gate also cor-

to
b e measure d .
level is critical,

res p o
nds to t he i n tensifie d zone t h at is

N ote t h at w hen using trigger arming,
Ρ -
Ρ

T r igge r L evel

TR IG LEVEL
Th e arming sig n als are in p ut i n to t h e

tells t h e trigger circuits w h en t h ey
7D15 t h ro u g h th e ΑA R M an d Β AR M
s h o u l d begin loo k i ng
for
t h
e selecte d
0 .1

-
0 .5
ν
to + 0 .5
ν

- 0 .5
ν
to + 0 .5
ν
start and sto p meas u rement points .
-5 ν to +5 ν

-0 .5V to +0 .5V

co nnecto
r s . An arming gate am p litu de
. T he
10

-5 ο ν t ο +50V

- ο .5 ν to + ο .5 ν

of greater t h an 0 .5
V ( αh ig h ) arms

setti n gs of t he trigger controls d eter-
chann el Α and an am
p litu d e of less t han
mine t h e exact trigger p
oi n ts and t hus
0 .2 V ( α low) arms c
h
a
nn
el
Β . Wh en

the
measure m ent interval .
S EN S R ange Outp ut
table 1
TR IGG ER
LEVEL
R A NG ES

seen on t he C R T in t he Α Intensified By

t he arming gate does not affect t he ac-
Β swee p mode
.

c uracy of t he measureme n t . It merely
ch a n nel Α is arme d , t h e counter starts
--

---

counting as soon as t he cha n nel Α trig
Wh en one of t he T R IGG ER LEVEL con-

ger con
d itions are met ; w h en chan nel
trols is set to PRE SE T, t he trigger cir-

Β is arme d , t h e counter sto ps cou n ting
cu it au tomatically triggers on t he 0 V

as soon as
t he ch annel Β trigger cond i-
10
level
of
t h e signal .
In
t he PRE SET p osi-

tions are met
.
tion, h owever, you can also set t he trig-
ger level exter n ally, by i npu ti ng α volt-

Ι

Ι
age level t hroug h t he resp ective T R IG

Ι

Ι

Ι
LEVEL j ack .
As
w it h t h
e
outp ut
voltage

C h Α Trigger

Ι C h Β Trigge r
of
t he TR
IG
LEVEL j
ack
,
t he
i
n p ut
volt-

Ί

FIL
age range of t h e j ac ks is also -0 .5 V

P u
lse Train
to +0 .5
V .
T h e setti ng of t h e Ρ - ΡS EN S

Ι

Ι
F1
switc h agai n sets t he trigger level
ra n ge, an d you in p ut α voltage t h at is

Ι

Ι

Ι

Ι
p ro p ortio n al to t he d esire d trigger level

Delaye d Swee p
Gate
voltage . F or exam p le, if α +15 V trigger

Ap
p
lie d to
bot
h

Ι
level is d esire d , set t h e Ρ - ΡS
EN S
switc h

Α
ARM a nd Β ARM

Ι

Ι
to 10 V (t he 50 volt ra
n ge) an d apply α

Ι

Ι

Ι
DC voltage of +0 .15 V
to
t he
T R IG
LEVEL j ac k .

Pseudo Gate (Actual

Ι

Ι

Ι
Time Interval

Ι

Ι
M easu r ed )

Ι j
. TRIG

Ι Ι

Ι
Ι
LEVEL ,¬ ~

Ι

ι

ι

ι
Β
ARM
Selective Trigger
A r mi n g . A n ot h er use-
ΜυΙ feature
of t
h
e 7D15 is t he ability to
m

xternally arm t h
e co u nte r trigger cir
cuits . Th is gives you external control
of
t
he measurement interval, b ut more
im p ortant, it allows you to use t he
C h Α is Armed

Ch B is
Armed
Cou n t sta r ts a n d slo p e

Co u nt sto ps a nd slo p e
Fig . 1 M easuring t he time int e rval betweentwo
non-adjacent
pu l ses usi
n g tr igge r
225 MH z UNIV ER
armi n g .
G0 U ΝΤΕ R / ΤΙ Μ
1

_

-
___,
5

0
4
f`
- 1 -11,
_ .
{ . .
trigger con d itions of c h annel Β .
E xternally Gate d F reque n cy M eas u re-
t h ea b
ility
to
exter nally gate t he cou nter

Th e resolution
you select also d eter-
for frequency meas u re m ents . B yd is-

mines t he
maximum time i n terval you
p layi ng t h is gating waveform along wit h ca n measure wit h out
overflowi ng t he 8
t he
signal b eing measure d , you h ave

d igit C RT rea dout
. For exam p le, if α
t he uni
que ability
to
meas u re fre qu ency

resolution of 10 ns is
selecte d (10 ns
and co u
nt events wit h in non-repetitive

cloc k rate and Χ 1
measurement aver-
signals, li
ke gated b
ursts
. As wit h time

aging), t he lo n gest time
interval t h at
interval measureme
n
ts, t h ed
elaye d can b e measure d before overflow
oc-
F ig . 2 . Crt display of time interval mea-

swee p gate from t he oscillosco pe pro-

curs is .99999999 second . T he selecte d
surement . Intensifie d zone indi-

vides α convenient gating signal .

resol u tio n d
etermines t he units of t he
cates p osition of ar m
i
n g gate .

least significa
n t d igit of t h e d is p lay . F or
α longer time
interval, you must select
less resolution
. T h is is p rovi d ing t h at
you care about
t h e most significant
d igit of t he
measureme n t . If you are
merely trying to resolve αsmall time
dif-
ference, and d o not
care about t he
actual time interval, you ca
n overflow
t h e counter and still obtain t h e
maxi-
mum resolution d esire d .
Counter Gate Dis p lays . B ot h
t
he
7D14
an d t he 7D15 p rovi d e t h e capa b ility of
displaying their internal m eas
u
re m en t
inte r val gates, which in d icate t he ac-
t u
al points of
α measu r eme n t . As is
sh ow
n in F ig . 2, t h ese gates are d iffer-
ent from t he
external
or
arming gates .
T h e counter gate d is p lays
h
el p to re-
d uce errors, s peed set up time, and
p rovi d e you wit h greater trigger selec-

Selectable
R esolution an d Accuracy .
tivity .

M easu r e m ent ave r agi ng a nd selectable
Wh en t h e
7D14 a n d 7D15 are in vertical

cloc k rates on t h e 7D15 allow you to
mainframe com p artme n ts,

t h e

gated

se l ect t h e amo u nt of resolution and t he
d is p lays are obtained
by p ressing t h e

maximum acc u racy possib l e for α par-
a pp ro p riate mainframe
chan nel selec-

tic u lar ti m e meas u r ement . Th is feat u re
tion switc h . In αh
orizontal com p art-

also h el p s you p revent readout over-
me n t, α cable m u
st b
e
connecte d from

flow w hen measuring long time inter-
eit h er t he MO N ITO R conn ector
(7D14)

vals .
or t he DIS PL AY E D W A VEF O RM OU
T-

T he C L OC K p us hb uttons set
t hebasic
PU T connector (7D15) to o ne channel

resolution of t he co u nter .
T he 7D15's
of
α vertical am p lifier . Wh en t h e cou n -

fastest cloc k rate is 10 ns, w h ic h is t h e
ter gate is d is p laye
d
(see
F ig . 2), you

maximum resolution
p ossi b le for α
ca n see t he
sig n
al
b eing measure d
si n gle sh ot time
measurement . Wh en
along wit h t h e actual interval
i n wh
ic
h

measuring re p etitive
signals, resolution
t he measurement is being ta
ken
.
T h
e

can b e increased using
measureme n t
arming gate is ge n erally n ot
d isplaye d .

averaging . M easurement
averaging is α
H owever, if t h e delayed swee p gate is

statistical met h o d of increasing
resol u -
being used for trigger arming, its wi d t h tion w h ic h i n volves ma k ing α number
an d p osition are i n dicate d b y t he inten-

of measurements an d averaging t he re-
sified zone on t h e d is p lay .

su lts . W hen measuri ng p erio d , for ex-
T he 7D15 p rovi d es t h ree ty pes of gates .

am p
le, wit h th e Χ 1000 AVER G push but-
T
he
T RUEGAT E is t he act u al gate

ton p resse d , t he cou n ter measures t he
waveform ge
n erate d eac h time t he

time for 1000 cycles an d d ivi des t he
counter ta k es α measurement . It ty p i-

result by 1000 to
obtai n th e time of o ne
cally h as αlow re p rate a nd is
difficult

p
erio d . F igs . 3, 4, an d 5 s h ow grap h s of
to u se, beca use it is d e p en d ent on t he

resolution vs . p erio d , resol u tion vs . time
setti ng of t he DIS PL AY TIME control
.

i n terval, an d resolution vs . fre q uency
T he PS EU DO GAT E is α h
ig
h re p etition

for t he various setti ngs of t he C L OC K
re p lica of t he T RUEGAT E , and is t he

an
d AVER G p us h butto n s . N ote t h at for
most useful of t h ese two . T he PS EU DO

perio d meas u rements, resolution is in-
GAT E h as α h ig h er re p rate, because it

creased 1000 times from t he Χ 1 to t he
is generate d eac h time t h e trigger an d
arming con d itio ns are met . Α t h ir d dis-
p lay, C HΒ , is α con d itione d signal t h at
6
is d erive d from t he 7D15's C
HΒ trigger

Χ 1000 AVER G setting . F or time interval
meas urements, t he maximum resolution
is increase d from 10 ns to 2 ns (for t he
10 ns
cloc
k
rate)-an
increase in reso~
ments . B ot h t h e 7D14 and 7D15 p rovide

Ιυ
t ίοη
of
5 times .
Accuracy is d efine d as t he ratio (in p er-
cen t) of t h e worst case error for α mea-
su rement to t he actual measurement,
an d is α
fu n ction of resolutio n and t h e
accuracy of t he crystal controlle d cloc k
oscillator .
As F igs . 3, 4, an d 5 ill u strate,
accuracy te nds
to
i n crease wit h i n-
creases in t he p erio d , time interval, or
freq
u ency being measure d . T h e 7D15
cloc k oscillator h as an acc
u racy
of 0 .5
p pm, w h ic h p rovi des time measurement
accuracies of up to 0 .0001% on
long
time i n tervals-muc
h greater t h an t h e
1 % accuracy of an oscillosco pe
.

:
.

r

. i . . .-
. . .

. .

.
.
.ι

.
the signal
being measured, you have
, ., , _ _ _,
. . -

non-repetitive
nals, like gated
bursts . As with time
interval measurements, the delayed
.
display
.

-
sweep gate

.

-
oscilloscope
. .
Intensified

.

.

.-

.
nvenient gating signal .
cates position of arming gate .
is generate d eac h time t h e trigger an d
armin g conditions are met . Α t h ir d dis-
play, C HΒ , is α con d itio n ed signal t h at
6
is d erive d from t he 7D15's C
HΒ trigger
circ u it . It is useful for setting up t
he
trigger con d itions of chan nel Β .
Counter Gate Dis p lays .
B
ot h
t he 7D14
and t he 7D15 p rovi d e t h e ca p ability of
displaying t h ei r internal m eas u rement
interva l gates, w h ic h indicate t h e ac-
tua l points of α meas ure m ent . As is
sh own in F ig . 2, t h ese gates are d iffer-
ent from
t
he
exter n al or arming gates .
T h e counter gate d
is p
lays
h
el
p
to
re-
duce errors, s peed set up
time,
and
provi d e you wit h greater trigger selec-

Selectable Resolution
an d Accuracy .
tivity .

M easu r e m ent ave r agi ng a nd selecta b le
Wh en t h e
7D14 a n d 7D15 are in vertical

cloc k rates on t h e 7D15 allow you to
mainframe com p artments,

t h e

gated

select t he a m ount of resolutio n an d th e
d is p lays
are obtained by p ressing t h e

maxim
u
m acc uracy possible fo r α par-
a pp ro p riate mai n
frame chan nel selec-

ticula r time meas ur eme n t . Th is feat u re
tio n switc h . In αh
orizo n tal com p art-

also h el p s you p revent readout over-
me n t, α ca b le
m u st b
e
connecte d from

flow w hen measuring long time inter-
eit h er t he MO N ITO R conn ector
(7D14)

vals .
or t he DIS PL AY E D W A VEF O RM OU
T-

T he C L OC K p us h buttons set
t hebasic
PU T connector (7D15) to o
nechannel

resolution of t he counter
. T he 7D15's
of
α vertical am p lifier . Wh en t h e cou n -

fastest cloc k rate is 10 ns, w h ic h is t h e
ter gate is d is p laye
d (see F ig . 2), you

maximum
resolution p ossible for α
ca n see t he
signal being measure d
single sh ot
time measurement . Wh e n
along wit h t he actual
i n
terval
in w h
ic
h
measuring re p etitive
signals, resolution
t he meas u rement is being ta
ken . T he

can be increased using
measurement
arming gate is generally
not d isplaye d .

averagi ng .
M
eas u
rement averaging is α
H owever, if t h e delayed swee p gate is

statistical met h o d of
increasing resolu-
bei n g use d for trigger arming, its wi d t h tion w h ic h involves ma k ing α number
an d p osition are i n dicate d b y t he inten-

of measurements an d averaging t he re-
sifie d zone on t h e d is p lay .

sults . W hen measuri ng p erio d , for
ex-
T he 7D15 p rovides t h ree ty pes of gates .

am p le, wit h th e Χ 1000 AVER G push but-
T he T RUEGAT E is t he actua l gate

ton
p resse d , t he cou n ter meas u res t he
waveform
ge n erated eac h time t he

time for 1000 cycles an d d ivi d es t he
co u nter ta k es α measurement . It ty p i-

result by
1000
to
obtain t h e time of one
cally h as αlow re p rate and is
difficult

perio d . F igs . 3, 4, an d 5 s h ow graphs of
to use, b ecause it is d e p en d ent on t
he

resolution vs . p eriod, resolution vs .
time
setti ng of t h e DIS PL AY TIME
control .

i n terval, an d resolution vs . fre q uency
T he PS EU DO GAT E is α h
ig
h re p etition

for t he various settings of t he C L OC K
re p lica of t he T RUEGAT E , an d is t he

an
d AVER G p us h butto n s . N ote t h at for
most useful of t h ese two . T he PS EU DO

perio d meas u rements, resolution is in-
GAT E h as α h ig h er re p rate, because it

crease d 1000 times from t he Χ 1 to t he
Χ 1000 AVER G setting . F or time interval
meas urements, t he maximum resolutio n
is increase d from 10 ns to 2 ns (for t he
10 ns cloc k
rate)-an
increase in reso~
lution
of
5 times .
T he resolution
you select also deter-
mines t he
maximum time interval you
can measure wit
h out overflowing t he 8
d igit C RT reado
u t . F or exam p le, if α
resolution of 10 ns
is selecte d (10 ns
cloc k rate a nd Χ 1
measurement aver-
aging), t he lo n gest time
interval t hat
can be measured before
overflow oc-
curs is .99999999 secon d . T he selecte d
resolution
d etermines t he un its of t he
least sig n
ificant d igit of t h e d is p lay . F or
α longer time
interval, you m u st select
less resolution
. T h is is p rovi d ing t h at
you care about
t he most significant
d igit of t he meas
u reme n t . If you are
merely trying to resolve αsmall time d
if-
fere n ce, and do
not care about t h e
actual time interval, youca
n overflow
t h e co u nter and still obtain t
h
e
maxi-
mum resolution d esire d .
Accuracy is d efine d as t he ratio (in p er-
cent) of t h e worst case error for α mea-
s u rement to t he actual measurement,
a n d is α fun ctio n of resol u tio n and t he
accuracy of t he crystal co n trolle d cloc k
oscillator . As F igs . 3, 4, an d 5 illustrate, *

Ι
accuracy te nds
to
i n crease wit h in-
creases in t he p erio d , time interval, or
freq
u ency being measure d . T h e 7D15
cloc k oscillator h as an
accuracy
of 0 .5
pp m, w h ic h p rovi des time measurement
accuracies of up to 0 .0001% on
long
time intervals-muc
h greater t h a n t h e
1 % accuracy of an oscillosco pe
.

F ig . 3 . R esolutio n vs . P erio d Interval
F ig . 4 . R
esolution vs . Time Interval
F ig .
5 . R esolution vs . Fre q
uency
CLOCK - ιπα
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