Tektronix 314 User manual
TEKTROIXJIX
WARRANTY
Tektronix
warrants
that
this
product
is
free
from
defects
in
materials
and
workmanship.
The
warranty
period
is
one
(1)
year
from
the
date
of
shipment.
Tektronix
will,
at
its
option,
repair
or
replace
the
product
if
Tektronix
determines
it
is
defective
within
the
warranty
period
and
if
it
is
returned,
freight
prepaid,
to
a
service
center
designated
by
Tektronix.
Tektronix
is
not
obligated
to
furnish
service
under
this
warranty:
a.
to
repair
damage
resulting
from
attempts
by
personnel
other
than
Tektronix
representatives
to
install,
repair,
or
service
the
product;
b.
to
repair
damage
resulting
from
improper
use
or
from
connecting
the
product
to
incompatible
e uipment;
c.
if
personnel
other
than
Tektronix
representatives
modify
the
hardware
or
software.
There
is
no
implied
warranty
of
fitness
for
a
particular
purpose.
Te tronix
is
not
liable
for
consequential
damages.
Copyright
©
1975
Tektronix,
Inc.
All
rights
reserved.
Contents
of
this
publication
may
not
be
reproduced
i
n
any
form
without
the
written
permission
of
Tektronix,
I
nc.
Products
of
Tektronix,
Inc.
and
its
subsidiaries
are
covered
by
U.S.
and
foreign
patents
and/or
pending
patents.
TEKTRONIX,
TEK,
SCOPE-MOBILE,
and
Tektronix,
Inc.
are
registered
trademarks
of
Printed
in
U.S.A.
Specification
and
price
change
privileges
are
reserved.
070-1823-00 First
Printing
Jan
1975
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PAGE
OPERATING
INFORMATION
1
Introduction
1
Safety
Information
1
Power-Source
Requirements
2
AC
Power
Source
Selection
2
DC
Power
Source
Selection
3
FUNCTIONS
OF
CONTROLS,
CONNECTORS,
AND
INDICATORS
4
Vertical
4
Display
5
Triggering
7
Horizontal,
Calibrator,
and
Power
8
MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES
10
Triggering
the
Sweep
10
Triggering
Internally
on
the
Input
Signal
10
Triggering
from
an
External
Source
11
@
314
Operators
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
(cont)
PAGE
Internal
and
External
Sweep
11
X-Y
Displays
12
Using
External
Sweep
Voltage
12
Selecting
Sweep
Rate
and
Use
of
the
Magnifier
12
Signal
Application
to
Vertical
Input
13
How
to
Measure
Voltage
14
AC
Signals
14
Instantaneous
Voltage
Measurement
15
Voltage
Comparison
15
How
to
Measure
Time
16
Risetime
16
Delay
Time
17
How
to
Measure
Frequency
17
How
to
Measure
Phase
18
How
to
Ma e
Dual-Trace
Phase
Measurements
18
How
to
Ma e
High-Resolution
Phase
Measurements
19
How
to
Measure
Common-Mode
Rejection
19
314
Operators
Fig.
1.
Sony-Tektronix
314
Storage
Oscilloscope.
314
Operators
OPERATING
INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
NOTE
The
Sony-Tektronix
314
is
a
dual-channel,
10
MHz
portable
storage
oscilloscope.
The
de
to
10
MHz
vertical
bandwidth
provides
calibrated
deflection
factors
from
1
mV
to
10
V/graticule
div
(25
V/div,
or
greater,
uncalibrated,
with
VOLTS/DIV
VARIABLE
in
fully
counterclockwise
position).
A
delay
line
in
the
verti
cal
system
permits
observation
of
that
part
of
the
signal
which
triggers
the
sweep.
The
horizontal
deflection
system
provides
calibrated
sweep
rates
from
5
s/div
to
1
µs/div;
and
a
10X
sweep
magnifier
to
increase
the
fastest
sweep
rate
to
0.1
µs/div.
Three
sweep
modes
are
available:
AUTO,
NORM,
and
SINGLE
SWEEP.
The
trigger
circuit
provides
a
stable
display
over
the
full
vertical
bandwidth.
External
horizontal
input
provides
deflection
factors
of
20
mV
to
2
V/div
for
X-Y
operation.
The
ert
is
a
direct-view
bistable
storage
device
having
an
8
x
10
div
internal
graticule.
Each
graticule
div
e uals
0.25
inch.
An
enhance
mode
increases
single-sweep
writing
speed.
An
internal
1
kHz
calibrator
is
connected
internally
to
the
vertical
inputs
and
to
a
front-panel
connector.
The
314
is
operated
from
a
line
voltage
of
100,
115,
120,
200,
230,
or
240
V
ac,
48
to
440
Hz,
or
from
a
+12
or
+24
V
de
source.
The
314
automatically
reduces
the
display
intensity
level
when
sweep
speeds
of
10
ms
and
slower
are
selected.
This
reduces
the
possibility
of
accidentally
burning
the
sensitive
storage
ert
phosphor
at
slower
sweep
speeds.
When
changing
from
sweep
speed
settings
faster
than
10
ms
to
settings
of
10
ms
and
slower,
readjust
the
I TE SITY
control
setting
as
necessary
for
a
visible
display.
SAFETY
INFORMATION
The
instrument
is
designed
to
operate
from
a
single-phase
power
source
having
one
of
the
current-carrying
conductors
(the
neutral
conductor)
at
ground
(earth)
potential.
Oper
ation
from
power
sources
where
both
current-carrying
conductors
are
live
with
respect
to
ground
(such
as
phase-
to-phase
on
a
three-wire
system)
is
not
recommended
since
only
the
line
conductor
has
overcurrent
(fuse)
protection
within
the
instrument.
The
instrument
has
a
three-wire
power
cord
with
a
three-
terminal
polarized
plug
for
connection
to
the
power
source
and
safety
earth.
The
ground
(earth)
terminal
of
the
plug
is
directly
connected
to
the
instrument
frame.
For
elec
tric
shock
protection,
insert
this
plug
into
only
a
mating
outlet
with
a
safety
earth
contact.
REV.
A,
DEC.
1975
314
Operators
1
POWER-SOURCE
REQUIREMENTS
AC
Power
Source
Selection
The
instrument
may
be
operated
on
100,
115,
120,
200,
230,
or
240
V
ac,
from
48
to
440
Hz,
or
from
a
+12
or
+24
V
de
source.
The
115
to
230
V
Line-Voltage
and
Regulating
Range
Selectors
are
located
on
the
rear
panel,
as
shown
in
Fig.
2.
The
AC-DC
Selector
switch
is
located
on
the
right-side
panel,
as
shown
in
Fig.
3.
This
instrument
may
be
damaged
if
operated
with
the
Line-Voltage
and
Regulating-Range
Selector
switches
set
for
the
wrong
applied
line
voltage.
To
convert
from
one
nominal
line-voltage
range
to
the
other,
move
the
Line-Voltage
and
Regulating-Range
Selector
1823-02
Fig.
2.
Line
Voltage
and
Range
Selector
switches.
AC-DC
SELECTOR
EXTERNAL
DC
SOURCE
1823-03
Fig.
3.
AC-DC
Selector
and
DC
Power-Source
input.
2
314
Operators
switches
(see
Fig.
2)
to
indicate
the
correct
nominal
ac
line
voltage.
Be
sure
that
the
AC-DC
Selector
switch
(see
Fig.
3)
is
in
the
115
V/230
V
position.
See
Table
1
for
regula
ting
ranges.
A
115
to
230
V
adapter
may
be
re uired
for
the
power-line
cord.
The
internal
line
voltage
fuse
value
must
be
changed
when
changing
the
nominal
line
voltage
setting.
TABLE
1
Regulating-Range
Selector
Position
Nominal
Regulating
Range
115
V
230
V
LO
100
V
±10
V
200
V
±20
V
M
115
V
±11.5
V
230
V
±23
V
HI
120
V
±12
V
240
V
±24
V
WARNING
Dangerous
potentials
exist
at
several
points
through
out
the
interior
of
this
instrument.
Refer
to
the
314
Service
manual
for
precautions
and
procedures
con
cerning
cabinet
removal,
fuse
replacement,
and
nomi
nal
line
voltage
selection.
Only
qualified
service
personnel
should
attempt
fuse
replacement
or
other
interna!
maintenance
procedures.
DC
Power
Source
Selection
Move
the
AC-DC
Selector
switch
(see
Fig.
3)
to
the
appro
priate
DC
position
(11
V
—
14
V
or
22
V
—
28
V).
Connect
the
DC
Input
connectors
(+
and
—
)
to
the
d
c
power
source.
REV.
B,
MAR.
1977
314
Operators
3
FUNCTIONS
OF
CONTROLS,
CONNECTORS,
AND
INDICATORS
VERTICAL
CH
1
VOLTS/DIV
(charcoal
gray
nob).
Selects
cali
brated
deflection
factors
from
1
mV/div
to
10
V/div
in
a
1-2-5
se uence.
GND(middle
position).
Grounds
vertical
ampli
fier
input.
DC(in
position).
Presents
all
components
of
in
put
signal
to
the
vertical
amplifier.
Accuracy:
Within
3%
over
calibrated
range.
CH
2
VOLTS/DIV
(silver
gray
nob).
Selects
cali
brated
deflection
factors
from
1
mV/div
to
10
V/div
in
a
1
-2-5
se uence.
Accuracy:
Within
3%
over
calibrated
range.
(T)
CH
1
and
CH
2
VARIABLE
(CAL).
Provides
uncali
brated
variable
deflection
factors
between
calibrated
ranges.
Extends
uncalibrated
range
to
25
V/div.
(jT)
CH
1
and
CH
2
POSITION.
Vertically
positions
the
display.
CH
1
and
CH
2
Input
Coupling
Switch
and
Indicator.
AC(out
position).
Blocks
d
c
component
of
in
put
signal.
Low
fre uency
—
3
dB
point
is
about
10
Hz.
CH
2
INVERT.
Button
pushed
in
inverts
channel
2
input
signal
(inverts
display).
Fig.
4.
Front
panel.
4
314
Operators
CH
1
and
CH
2
VERT
INPUT.
Signal
input
connec
tor
for
channels
1
and
2.
Chassis
Ground.
Provides
a
common-signal
ground
return
to
the
signal
source.
Operating
the
314
un
grounded
on
+12
V
or
+24
V
d
c
isolates
the
instrument
from
ground-loop
currents
and
conducted
radio
fre
uency
interference
(rfi).
However,
this
ungrounded
operation
permits
the
instrument
case
to
rise
to
the
signal
source
potential.
DISPLAY
(jP)
FOCUS,
INTENSITY.
Adjust
for
a
sharp,
bright
display.
CHOP.
Displays
signals
from
both
channels
simul
taneously
(dual
trace).
Display
is
switched
between
channels
at
a
100
kHz
rate.
See
NOTE
following
ALT.
ALT.
Signals
from
both
vertical
channels
are
displayed
alternately
(dual
trace).
Display
is
switched
after
each
sweep.
See
NOTE.
NOTE
When
both
CHOP
and
ALT
buttons
are
pushed
in,
display
is
the
algebraic
sum
of
the
vertical
channel
input
signals.
Fig.
5.
Side
panel.
Fig.
6.
Front
panel.
314
Operators
5
CH
1.
Selects
channel
1
vertical
input
for
display.
Channel
1
is
the
triggering
signal.
See
NOTE
follow
ing
CH
2.
CH
2.
Selects
channel
2
vertical
input
for
display.
Channel
2
is
the
triggering
signal.
See
NOTE.
VIEWING
TIME.
Adjusts
the
viewing
time
from
about
1
s
after
end
of
sweep
to
about
5
s
after
end
of
sweep.
INTEGRATE.
Permits
charge
to
build
up
on
target
before
the
display
is
stored.
For
repetitive
signals,
parts
of
which
are
too
fast
to
store
normally.
NOTE
When
CH
1
and
CH
2
buttons
are
pushed
in
to
display
both
channel
1
and
channel
2,
signal
generates
an
interna!
composite
trigger
signal.
STORE.
Instrument
is
in
storage
mode
with
button
pushed
in,
and
in
non-store
mode
with
button
out.
ENHANCE.
Increases
single-sweep
writing
speed.
AUTO
ERASE.
Erases
stored
display
after
each
sweep
when
both
AUTO
and
NORM
buttons
are
pushed
in.
ERASE.
Erases
the
stored
display.
ENHANCE
LEVEL.
Adjusts
the
single-sweep
stored
writing
speed.
Fig.
7.
Front
panel.
6
314
Operators
EXT
BLANK.
Input
connector
for
external
crt
blank
ing
signal.
TRIGGERING
AC.
Rejects
d
c
components
and
attenuates
triggering
signals
below
about
50
Hz.
See
NOTE
following
AC
LF
REJ.
AC
LF
REJ.
Rejects
d
c
and
attenuates
triggering
sig
nals
below
about
50
kHz.
Accepts
triggering
signals
between
50
kHz
and
10
MHz.
NOTE
With
AC
and
AC
LF
REJ
buttons
pushed
in
(EXT
DC),
accepts
all
triggering
signals
from
d
c
to
10
MHz.
INT.
Obtains
triggering
signal
from
vertical
deflection
system
(CH
1
or
CH
2,
or
both)
when
button
is
pushed
in.
Obtains
triggering
signal
from
EXT
TRIG
OR
HORIZ
INPUT
connector
(right-side
panel)
when
button
is
out.
LEVEL.
Selects
the
amplitude
of
the
signal
on
which
the
sweep
is
triggered.
Fig.
8.
Rear
panel.
Fig.
9.
Front
panel.
REV.
A,
AUG.
1975
314
Operators
7
SLOPE.
Selects
the
slope
of
the
signal
on
which
trig
gering
occurs;
positive
going
(+)
or
negative
going
(
—
).
26)
External
Trigger
Attenuator-Line
Trigger
Selector.
In
the
10X
position,
an
external
signal
connected
to
EXT
TRIG
OR
HORIZ
INPUT
is
attenuated
by
a
factor
of
10.
In
the
1X
position,
the
external
signal
is
not
attenuated.
In
the
LINE
position,
a
sample
of
the
ac
power
line
is
used
as
triggering
signal.
HORIZONTAL,
CALIBRATOR,
AND
POWER
TIME/DIV.
Selects
calibrated
sweep
rates
from
5
s
to
1
µs/div,
in
a
1-2-5
se uence.
Accuracy,
calibrated
ranges:
Unmagnified,
5
s/
div
to
0.5
s/div,
within
4%,
over
center
8
div
and
within
5%
over
any
2
div
interval
with
8
center
div;
0.2
s/div
to
1
µs,
within
3%,
over
center
8
div
and
within
4%
over
any
2
div
interval
within
center
8
div.
EXT
TRIG
OR
HORIZ
INPUT.
BNC
connector
for
applying
either
an
external
triggering
signal
or
an
ex
ternal
horizontal
signal.
Fig.
10.
Side
panel.
Fig.
11.
Front
panel.
8
314
Operators
Accuracy,
calibrated
ranges:
Magnified,
0.5
s/
div
to
50
ms/div,
within
5%
over
center
8
div,
and
within
6%
over
any
2
div
interval
within
center
8
div;
20
ms/div
to
0.5
µs/div,
within
4%
over
center
8
div,
and
within
5%
over
any
2
div
interval
within
center
8
div;
0.2
µs
and
0.1
µs/
div,
within
5%
over
center
8
graticule
divisions.
Within
6%
over
any
2
division
interval
within
center
8
divisions,
excluding
first
and
last
2
divisions
of
magnified
sweep.
(29)
CAL.
Varies
time/div
between
calibrated
steps.
Range,
at
least
2.5X.
Uncalibrated
sweep
rate
is
extended
to
12.5
s/div.
(30)
SWEEP
MAG.
Sweep
is
unmagnified
in
X1
position.
In
X10
position,
the
horizontal
gain
increases
by
a
factor
of
10
(sweep
expands
from
graticule
center).
X10
magnifier
extends
fastest
displayed
sweep
rate
to
0.1
µs/div.
(3
1
)
Horizontal
POSITION.
Positions
the
display
horizon
tally.
(32)
AUTO.
Sweep
free
runs
in
the
absense
of
a
triggering
signal.
See
NOTE
following
NORM.
(3
3
)
NORM.
Sweep
generator
re uires
a
triggering
signal
to
generate
a
sweep.
NOTE
With
AUTO
and
ORM
buttons
in,
sweep
runs
once
on
the
first
triggering
event
after
RESET
button
is
pressed.
(34)
READY.
Lights
when
single
sweep
has
been
reset
and
waiting
for
a
triggering
signal
to
start
the
sweep
gene
rator.
(
3
5)
RESET.
When
pressed,
single
sweep
function
is
armed;
READY
indicator
lights.
(36)
.5
V
CAL
OUT.
Provides
a
0.5
V
s uare-wave
calibra
tor
signal.
(
3
7)
LOW
LINE.
Lights
when
instrument
is
on.
Flashes
when
power
supply
goes
out
of
regulation
due
to
low
source
voltage.
REV.
A,
AUG.
1975
314
Operators
9
MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES
The
following
procedure
describes
a
few
operational
tech
ni ues
and
measurements
that
can
be
made
or
used
with
the
314.
TRIGGERING
THE
SWEEP
The
314
sweep
can
be
triggered
from
an
internal
or
external
source.
Internal
triggering
is
used
for
most
applications
in
volving
time,
fre uency,
and
amplitude
measurements.
At
least
0.3
div
of
deflection
is
re uired
to
trigger
the
sweep.
After
selecting
the
triggering
source,
the
method
of
coupling
must
be
determined.
Fre uency
limitations
or
ranges
of
the
coupling
methods
are
described
under
Function
of
Controls
and
Connectors.
Use
AC
LF
REJ
(ac
low-fre uency
reject)
to
improve
trigger
stability
when
a
trigger
signal
above
50
kHz
contains
low-fre uency
components
that
interfere
with
triggering.
Use
dc
coupling
for
the
external
trigger
if
a
very
low
fre uency
is
the
triggering
source.
Either
manual
(NORM)
or
automatic
triggering
(AUTO)
mode
can
be
used
with
a
choice
of
triggering
on
the
(+)
positive-going
or
(
—
)
negative-going
slope
of
the
triggering
signal.
For
most
applications,
automatic
triggering
is
used
because
a
sweep
is
generated
even
when
a
trigger
signal
is
absent.
In
AUTO
mode,
the
displayed
signal
locks
to
the
trigger
rate
when
a
trigger
signal
is
present
to
produce
a
stable
dis
play.
AUTO
mode
covers
a
wide
amplitude
range
and
permits
rapid
observation
of
many
signals
and
fre uencies.
Manual
(NORM)
triggering
is
used
when
the
exact
trigger
ing
point
is
important,
or
for
triggering
on
signal
fre uen
cies
below
about
30
Hz.
Manual
triggering
can
also
be
used
to
trigger
on
single-shot
or
random
events.
Triggering
occurs
in
manual
operation
when
the
signal
amplitude
pas
ses
through
a
reference
level
set
by
the
LEVEL
control.
Changing
the
trigger
signal
amplitude
or
LEVEL
control
setting
affects
the
sweep
start.
Triggering
Internally
on
the
Input
Signal
a.
Press
INT
and
AC
buttons
in.
Set
LEVEL
control
to
midrange
and
SLOPE
switch
to
+.
Press
AUTO
button
in.
b.
Connect
a
low-fre uency,
sine-wave
signal
to
CH
1
VERT
INPUT
connector
(right-side
panel).
Press
CH
1
button
in.
c.
Set
CH
1
VOLTS/DIV
to
.1.
Adjust
Sine-Wave
Genera
tor
output
for
approximately
4
div
of
vertical
display.
10
314
Operators
d.
Set
TIME/DIV
switch
to
.2
ms
and
Sine-Wave
Generator
fre uency
to
1
kHz.
e.
Turn
314
LEVEL
control
through
its
range
and
note
that
the
triggering
point
on
the
displayed
signal
changes.
Note
that
the
triggering
occurs
on
the
positive-going
slope
of
the
displayed
signal.
f.
Set
SLOPE
switch
to
—
.
Note
that
triggering
occurs
on
the
negative-going
slope
of
the
displayed
signal.
Turn
LEVEL
control
to
either
extreme
position
and
note
that
the
triggering
point
reaches
either
a
peak
or
a
valley,
and
that
the
sweep
is
no
longer
triggered
(free
runs).
g.
Press
NORM
button
in.
h.
Turn
LEVEL
control
throughout
its
range
and
note
that
when
the
sweep
is
not
triggered,
the
signal
is
not
displayed.
When
the
sweep
is
triggered
the
LEVEL
control
sets
the
point
at
which
triggering
occurs.
Triggering
from
an
External
Source
a.
Connect
the
Sine-Wave
Generator
signal
through
a
tee
connector
to
CH
1
VERT
INPUT
connector
and
to
the
EXT
TRIG
OR
HORIZ
INPUT
connector
on
the
right-side
panel.
b.
Set
EXT
ATTEN
switch
(side
panel)
to
X10
and
set
INT
button
to
the
out
(EXT/LINE)
position.
c.
Set
SLOPE
switch
to
+
and
LEVEL
control
to
midrange.
d.
Press
AUTO
button
in.
e.
Set
CH
1
VOLTS/DIV
switch
to
.5.
f.
Adjust
Sine-Wave
Generator
for
a
4
div
vertical
display
(200
mV,
p-p)
into
EXT
TRIG
OR
HORIZ
INPUT
connec
tor.
g.
Turn
LEVEL
control
and
note
that
the
sweep
is
triggered
on
the
positive-going
slope.
h.
If
manual
triggering
is
desired,
press
NORM
button
in
and
check
triggering
as
in
part
h.
i.
Set
SLOPE
switch
to
—
and
check
triggering
as
in
part
h.
INTERNAL
AND
EXTERNAL
SWEEP
As
with
triggering,
most
applications
call
for
operation
using
internal
sweep.
The
internal
sweep
rate
is
set
by
the
TIME/
DIV
switch,
which
permits
accurate
time
and
fre uency
measurements
when
the
TIME/DIV
VARIABLE
control
is
in
the
calibrated
(CAL)
position.
External
sweep
or
horizontal
deflection
for
the
314
can
be
used
for
X-Y
displays
or
for
mating
the
oscilloscope
to
a
314
Operators
11
swept-fre uency
device
such
as
a
Spectrum
Analyzer.
The
external
horizontal
sensitivity
ranges
from
approximately
20
mV/div
(with
1X
attenuation
and
Horizontal
Magnifica
tion
on)
to
2
V/div
(with
10X
attenuation
and
Horizontal
Magnifier
off).
The
TIME/DIV
VARIABLE
control
provides
an
additional
10:1
range
with
which
exact
adjustment
or
calibration
of
horizontal
deflection
can
be
made.
X-Y
Displays
One
signal
(vertical
input)
viewed
with
respect
to
another
(external
horizontal
input)
displays
patterns
that
show
phase
and
fre uency
relationships.
a.
Set
TIME/DIV
switch
to
X1,
EXT
HORIZ.
Press
AC
button
in
and
set
I
NT
button
to
the
out
position
if
the
sig
nal
has
a
de
component.
Press
AC
and
LF
REJ
buttons
in
(EXT
DC)
if
the
signal
fre uency
is
30
Hz
or
less
(within
the
input
fre uency
limitations).
b.
Set
the
ATTEN
switch
(X1-X10
on
side
panel)
to
the
appropriate
position
for
the
voltage
level
of
the
external
horizontal
signal.
c.
Set
VOLTS/DIV
switch
to
an
appropriate
position
for
the
vertical
signal
voltage.
d.
Apply
both
X
(horizontal)
and
Y
(vertical)
signals
to
their
respective
input
connectors
and
observe
the
display.
NOTE
The
vertical
and
horizontal
amplifier
character
istics
must
be
considered
in
X-Y
operation
be
cause
of
bandwidth
and
input
impedance
dif
ferences.
To
determine
phase
difference,
apply
the
same
signal
to
both
inputs
and
calculate
the
difference.
Using
External
Sweep
Voltage
a.
Perform
the
steps
under
X-Y
Displays.
b.
Calibrate
the
horizontal
sweep
for
fre uency
per
div
by
adjusting
the
TIME/DIV
VARIABLE
control.
SELECTING
SWEEP
RATE
AND
USE
OF
THE
MAGNIFIER
The
sweep
rate
depends
on
the
desired
observation
or
measurement
to
be
made.
For
fre uency
measurements,
several
cycles
or
events
are
usually
displayed
and
the
time
12
314
Operators
REV.
A,
AUG.
1975
of
1
cycle
or
the
time
between
2
or
more
events
is
measu
red
(see
Fre uency
Measurements).
A
portion
of
1
cycle,
or
a
full
cycle
is
usually
displayed
when
measuring
or
ob
serving
small
portions
of
a
wave
train
(such
as
risetime,
pulse
duration,
and
aberrations).
When
part
of
a
wave
train
or
waveform
that
occurs
later
than
the
sweep
trigger
are
to
be
examined,
the
X10
position
of
the
SWEEP
MAG
switch
can
be
used
to
expand
the
center
portion
of
the
dis
play.
The
effective
sweep
rate
for
the
expanded
portion
is
decreased
by
a
factor
of
10;
therefore,
timing
measurements
must
be
divided
by
10.
Portions
of
the
display
to
be
expand
ed
should
be
centered
with
the
POSITION
control
before
switching
to
the
X10
position.
SIGNAL
APPLICATION
TO
VERTICAL
INPUT
For
most
applications,
the
P6049B,
or
similar
probe,
should
be
used
as
an
interface
between
the
signal
source
and
the
oscilloscope
vertical
input.
The
probe
increases
the
input
resistance
of
the
oscilloscope
system
to
about
10
MΩ
and
decreases
the
effective
capacitive
loading
to
about
13.5
pF.
The
higher
the
impedance
ratio
between
the
input
to
the
oscilloscope
system
and
the
signal
source,
the
less
the
cir
cuit
under
test
is
loaded,
and
the
more
accurate
the
measure
ment.
Because
of
circuit
loading
considerations,
all
measurements
should
be
made
at
low
impedance
points
in
the
circuit
being
tested.
NOTE
To
insure
that
measurements
are
accurate,
al
ways
compensate
the
probe
before
using.
To
compensate
the
probe,
touch
the
probe
tip
to
the
.5
V
CAL
OUT
connector
on
the
314
front
panel
and
adjust
the
compensation
for
the
best
front-corner
response
to
the
square
wave
signal
(set
VOLTS/DIV
switch
to
10m
and
TIME/DIV
switch
to
1
ms).
For
applications
in
which
the
source,
such
as
the
output
of
a
signal
generator,
is
a
coaxial
connector,
use
a
coaxial
cable
between
the
oscilloscope
and
the
signal
source.
In
this
application,
loading
is
not
a
problem;
however,
to
preserve
signal
fidelity,
the
cable
impedance
should
e ual
the
source
impedance
and
the
cable
should
be
terminated
in
its
charac
teristic
impedance
at
the
oscilloscope
input.
Use
a
common-ground
return
between
the
signal
source
and
the
oscilloscope.
When
a
probe
is
used,
connect
the
shortest
possible
ground
lead
near
the
signal
source
to
avoid
a
long
signal
path
to
ground.
WA
RNING
I
If
the
314
is
powered
from
an
external
de
source
(not
connected
to
an
ac
power
source)
provide
314
Operators
13
a
ground
return
to
earth
to
prevent
the
instru
ment
case
from
rising
to
the
signai
source
poten
tial
to
become
a
potential
safety
hazard.
Connect
the
grounding
lead
to
the
chassis
ground
connec
tor
on
the
314
side
panel.
HOW
TO
MEASURE
VOLTAGE
If
a
coaxial
cable
is
used,
terminate
the
cable
in
its
charac
teristic
impedance
at
the
oscilloscope
input.
Compensate
the
probe,
if
used,
before
connecting
to
the
signal
source.
AC
Signals
a.
Set
Input
Coupling
switch
to
GND
(both
switches
in
the
middle
position)
and
VOLTS/DIV
switch
to
an
appropriate
setting.
Vertical
deflection
factor
e uals
the
product
of
the
VOLTS/DIV
switch
setting
and
the
probe
or
signal
trans
porting
lead
attenuation
factor.
Connect
the
signal
source
to
a
VERT
INPUT
connector
and
set
Input
Coupling
switch
to
AC.
b.
Set
TIME/DIV
switch
for
desired
deflection
factor
and
press
appropriate
CH
1
or
CH
2
button.
Adjust
LEVEL
control
for
a
triggered
display.
Position
display
within
the
graticule
area
for
measurement.
c.
Measure
peak-to-peak,
or
peak-to-trough
amplitude
of
the
display,
or
waveform,
in
graticule
div.
See
Figure
12.
Voltage
(peak-to-peak)
=
measured
amplitude
in
div,
multi
plied
by
the
deflection
factor
(VOLTS/DIV
switch
setting
times
probe
attenuation
factor).
POSITION
TO
CENTER
VERTICAL
LINE
VOLTS
VERTICAL
VOLTS/DIV
PROBE
PEAK
TO
=
DEFLECTION
X
SETTING
x
ATTENUATION
PEAK
(DIVISIONS)
FACTOR
1823-12
Fig.
12.
Measuring
peak-to-peak
voltage.
14
314
Operators
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