Tektronix 314 User manual

TEKTROIXJIX

WARRANTY
Tektronix warrants that this product is free from defects in materials and workmanship. The
warranty period is one (1) year from the date of shipment. Tektronix will, at its option, repair or
replace the product if Tektronix determines it is defective within the warranty period and if it is
returned, freight prepaid, to a service center designated by Tektronix.
Tektronix is not obligated to furnish service under this warranty:
a. to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix
representatives to install, repair, or service the product;
b. to repair damage resulting from improper use or from connecting the product to
incompatible e uipment;
c. if personnel other than Tektronix representatives modify the hardware or software.
There is no implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. Te tronix is not liable for
consequential damages.
Copyright © 1975 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication
may not be reproduced i n any form without the written permission of Tektronix, I nc.
Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its subsidiaries are covered by U.S. and foreign
patents and/or pending patents.
TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and
Tektronix, Inc.
are registered trademarks of
Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change privileges are reserved.
070-1823-00 First
Printing Jan 1975

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
OPERATING INFORMATION 1
Introduction 1
Safety Information 1
Power-Source Requirements 2
AC Power Source Selection 2
DC Power Source Selection 3
FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS, CONNECTORS,
AND INDICATORS 4
Vertical 4
Display 5
Triggering 7
Horizontal, Calibrator, and Power 8
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 10
Triggering the Sweep 10
Triggering Internally on the Input Signal 10
Triggering from an External Source 11
@ 314 Operators

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont)
PAGE
Internal and External Sweep 11
X-Y Displays 12
Using External Sweep Voltage 12
Selecting Sweep Rate and Use of the Magnifier 12
Signal Application to Vertical Input 13
How to Measure Voltage 14
AC Signals 14
Instantaneous Voltage Measurement 15
Voltage Comparison 15
How to Measure Time 16
Risetime 16
Delay Time 17
How to Measure Frequency 17
How to Measure Phase 18
How to Ma e Dual-Trace Phase Measurements 18
How to Ma e High-Resolution Phase Measurements 19
How to Measure Common-Mode Rejection 19
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont)
PAGE
How to Use External Blan ing (Z-Axis or Intensity Modulation) 20
How to Store a Display 21
Using Enhanced Mode 22
Integrated Fast-Rise Waveforms 22
Care of Storage CRT 23
Some Common Operational Errors 23
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Fig. 1. Sony-Tektronix 314 Storage Oscilloscope.
314 Operators

OPERATING INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
NOTE
The Sony-Tektronix 314 is a dual-channel, 10 MHz portable
storage oscilloscope.
The de to 10 MHz vertical bandwidth provides calibrated
deflection factors from 1 mV to 10 V/graticule div (25 V/div,
or greater, uncalibrated, with VOLTS/DIV VARIABLE in
fully counterclockwise position). A delay line in the verti 
cal system permits observation of that part of the signal
which triggers the sweep.
The horizontal deflection system provides calibrated sweep
rates from 5 s/div to 1 µs/div; and a 10X sweep magnifier to
increase the fastest sweep rate to 0.1 µs/div. Three sweep
modes are available: AUTO, NORM, and SINGLE SWEEP.
The trigger circuit provides a stable display over the full
vertical bandwidth.
External horizontal input provides deflection factors of
20 mV to 2 V/div for X-Y operation.
The ert is a direct-view bistable storage device having an
8 x 10 div internal graticule. Each graticule div e uals 0.25
inch. An enhance mode increases single-sweep writing speed.
An internal 1 kHz calibrator is connected internally to the
vertical inputs and to a front-panel connector.
The 314 is operated from a line voltage of 100, 115, 120,
200, 230, or 240 V ac, 48 to 440 Hz, or from a +12 or
+24 V de source.
The 314 automatically reduces the display intensity
level when sweep speeds of 10 ms and slower are
selected. This reduces the possibility of accidentally
burning the sensitive storage ert phosphor at slower
sweep speeds.
When changing from sweep speed settings faster than
10 ms to settings of 10 ms and slower, readjust the
I TE SITY control setting as necessary for a visible
display.
SAFETY INFORMATION
The instrument is designed to operate from a single-phase
power source having one of the current-carrying conductors
(the neutral conductor) at ground (earth) potential. Oper 
ation from power sources where both current-carrying
conductors are live with respect to ground (such as phase-
to-phase on a three-wire system) is not recommended since
only the line conductor has overcurrent (fuse) protection
within the instrument.
The instrument has a three-wire power cord with a three-
terminal polarized plug for connection to the power source
and safety earth. The ground (earth) terminal of the plug
is directly connected to the instrument frame. For elec 
tric shock protection, insert this plug into only a mating
outlet with a safety earth contact.
REV. A, DEC. 1975
314 Operators 1

POWER-SOURCE REQUIREMENTS
AC Power Source Selection
The instrument may be operated on 100, 115, 120, 200,
230, or 240 V ac, from 48 to 440 Hz, or from a +12 or +24
V de source.
The 115 to 230 V Line-Voltage and Regulating Range
Selectors are located on the rear panel, as shown in Fig. 2.
The AC-DC Selector switch is located on the right-side
panel, as shown in Fig. 3.
This instrument may be damaged if operated
with the Line-Voltage and Regulating-Range
Selector switches set for the wrong applied
line voltage.
To convert from one nominal line-voltage range to the other,
move the Line-Voltage and Regulating-Range Selector
1823-02
Fig. 2. Line Voltage and Range Selector switches.
AC-DC
SELECTOR
EXTERNAL
DC SOURCE
1823-03
Fig. 3. AC-DC Selector and DC Power-Source input.
2
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switches (see Fig. 2) to indicate the correct nominal ac line
voltage. Be sure that the AC-DC Selector switch (see Fig.
3) is in the 115 V/230 V position. See Table 1 for regula 
ting ranges. A 115 to 230 V adapter may be re uired for
the power-line cord.
The internal line voltage fuse value must be changed
when changing the nominal line voltage setting.
TABLE 1
Regulating-Range
Selector Position
Nominal Regulating Range
115 V
230 V
LO 100 V ±10 V
200 V ±20 V
M 115 V ±11.5 V
230 V ±23 V
HI 120 V ±12 V
240 V ±24 V
WARNING
Dangerous potentials exist at several points through 
out the interior of this instrument. Refer to the 314
Service manual for precautions and procedures con 
cerning cabinet removal, fuse replacement, and nomi 
nal line voltage selection. Only qualified service
personnel should attempt fuse replacement or other
interna! maintenance procedures.
DC Power Source Selection
Move the AC-DC Selector switch (see Fig. 3) to the appro 
priate DC position (11 V — 14 V or 22 V — 28 V). Connect
the DC Input connectors (+ and — ) to the d c power source.
REV. B, MAR. 1977
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FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND INDICATORS
VERTICAL
CH 1 VOLTS/DIV (charcoal gray nob). Selects cali 
brated deflection factors from 1 mV/div to 10 V/div
in a 1-2-5 se uence.
GND(middle position). Grounds vertical ampli 
fier input.
DC(in position). Presents all components of in 
put signal to the vertical amplifier.
Accuracy: Within 3% over calibrated range.
CH 2 VOLTS/DIV (silver gray nob). Selects cali 
brated deflection factors from 1 mV/div to 10 V/div
in a 1 -2-5 se uence.
Accuracy: Within 3% over calibrated range.
(T) CH 1 and CH 2 VARIABLE (CAL). Provides uncali 
brated variable deflection factors between calibrated
ranges. Extends uncalibrated range to 25 V/div.
(jT) CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION. Vertically positions the
display.
CH 1 and CH 2 Input Coupling Switch and Indicator.
AC(out position). Blocks d c component of in 
put signal. Low fre uency — 3 dB point is about
10 Hz.
CH 2 INVERT. Button pushed in inverts channel 2
input signal (inverts display).
Fig. 4. Front panel.
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314 Operators

CH 1 and CH 2 VERT INPUT. Signal input connec 
tor for channels 1 and 2.
Chassis Ground. Provides a common-signal ground
return to the signal source. Operating the 314 un 
grounded on +12 V or +24 V d c isolates the instrument
from ground-loop currents and conducted radio fre 
uency interference (rfi). However, this ungrounded
operation permits the instrument case to rise to the
signal source potential.
DISPLAY
(jP) FOCUS, INTENSITY. Adjust for a sharp, bright
display.
CHOP. Displays signals from both channels simul 
taneously (dual trace). Display is switched between
channels at a 100 kHz rate. See NOTE following ALT.
ALT. Signals from both vertical channels are displayed
alternately (dual trace). Display is switched after
each sweep. See NOTE.
NOTE
When both CHOP and ALT buttons are pushed
in, display is the algebraic sum of the vertical 
channel input signals.
Fig. 5. Side panel. Fig. 6. Front panel.
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CH 1. Selects channel 1 vertical input for display.
Channel 1 is the triggering signal. See NOTE follow 
ing CH 2.
CH 2. Selects channel 2 vertical input for display.
Channel 2 is the triggering signal. See NOTE.
VIEWING TIME. Adjusts the viewing time from about
1 s after end of sweep to about 5 s after end of sweep.
INTEGRATE. Permits charge to build up on target
before the display is stored. For repetitive signals,
parts of which are too fast to store normally.
NOTE
When CH 1 and CH 2 buttons are pushed in to
display both channel 1 and channel 2, signal
generates an interna! composite trigger signal.
STORE. Instrument is in storage mode with button
pushed in, and in non-store mode with button out.
ENHANCE. Increases single-sweep writing speed.
AUTO ERASE. Erases stored display after each sweep
when both AUTO and NORM buttons are pushed in.
ERASE. Erases the stored display.
ENHANCE LEVEL. Adjusts the single-sweep stored
writing speed.
Fig. 7. Front panel.
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EXT BLANK. Input connector for external crt blank 
ing signal.
TRIGGERING
AC. Rejects d c components and attenuates triggering
signals below about 50 Hz. See NOTE following AC
LF REJ.
AC LF REJ. Rejects d c and attenuates triggering sig 
nals below about 50 kHz. Accepts triggering signals
between 50 kHz and 10 MHz.
NOTE
With AC and AC LF REJ buttons pushed in
(EXT DC), accepts all triggering signals from d c
to 10 MHz.
INT. Obtains triggering signal from vertical deflection
system (CH 1 or CH 2, or both) when button is pushed
in. Obtains triggering signal from EXT TRIG OR
HORIZ INPUT connector (right-side panel) when
button is out.
LEVEL. Selects the amplitude of the signal on which
the sweep is triggered.
Fig. 8. Rear panel.
Fig. 9. Front panel.
REV. A, AUG. 1975
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SLOPE. Selects the slope of the signal on which trig 
gering occurs; positive going (+) or negative going ( — ).
26) External Trigger Attenuator-Line Trigger Selector. In
the 10X position, an external signal connected to EXT
TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT is attenuated by a factor of
10. In the 1X position, the external signal is not
attenuated. In the LINE position, a sample of the ac
power line is used as triggering signal.
HORIZONTAL, CALIBRATOR, AND POWER
TIME/DIV. Selects calibrated sweep rates from 5 s to
1 µs/div, in a 1-2-5 se uence.
Accuracy, calibrated ranges: Unmagnified, 5 s/
div to 0.5 s/div, within 4%, over center 8 div and
within 5% over any 2 div interval with 8 center
div; 0.2 s/div to 1 µs, within 3%, over center 8
div and within 4% over any 2 div interval within
center 8 div.
EXT TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT. BNC connector for
applying either an external triggering signal or an ex 
ternal horizontal signal.
Fig. 10. Side panel.
Fig. 11. Front panel.
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Accuracy, calibrated ranges: Magnified, 0.5 s/
div to 50 ms/div, within 5% over center 8 div,
and within 6% over any 2 div interval within
center 8 div; 20 ms/div to 0.5 µs/div, within 4%
over center 8 div, and within 5% over any 2 div
interval within center 8 div; 0.2 µs and 0.1 µs/
div, within 5% over center 8 graticule divisions.
Within 6% over any 2 division interval within
center 8 divisions, excluding first and last 2
divisions of magnified sweep.
(29) CAL. Varies time/div between calibrated steps. Range,
at least 2.5X. Uncalibrated sweep rate is extended to
12.5 s/div.
(30) SWEEP MAG. Sweep is unmagnified in X1 position.
In X10 position, the horizontal gain increases by a
factor of 10 (sweep expands from graticule center).
X10 magnifier extends fastest displayed sweep rate
to 0.1 µs/div.
(3 1 ) Horizontal POSITION. Positions the display horizon 
tally.
(32) AUTO. Sweep free runs in the absense of a triggering
signal. See NOTE following NORM.
(3 3 ) NORM. Sweep generator re uires a triggering signal
to generate a sweep.
NOTE
With AUTO and ORM buttons in, sweep runs
once on the first triggering event after RESET
button is pressed.
(34) READY. Lights when single sweep has been reset and
waiting for a triggering signal to start the sweep gene 
rator.
( 3 5) RESET. When pressed, single sweep function is armed;
READY indicator lights.
(36) .5 V CAL OUT. Provides a 0.5 V s uare-wave calibra 
tor signal.
( 3 7) LOW LINE. Lights when instrument is on. Flashes
when power supply goes out of regulation due to low
source voltage.
REV. A, AUG. 1975
314 Operators
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MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
The following procedure describes a few operational tech 
ni ues and measurements that can be made or used with the
314.
TRIGGERING THE SWEEP
The 314 sweep can be triggered from an internal or external
source. Internal triggering is used for most applications in 
volving time, fre uency, and amplitude measurements. At
least 0.3 div of deflection is re uired to trigger the sweep.
After selecting the triggering source, the method of coupling
must be determined. Fre uency limitations or ranges of the
coupling methods are described under Function of Controls
and Connectors. Use AC LF REJ (ac low-fre uency reject)
to improve trigger stability when a trigger signal above 50
kHz contains low-fre uency components that interfere with
triggering. Use dc coupling for the external trigger if a very
low fre uency is the triggering source.
Either manual (NORM) or automatic triggering (AUTO)
mode can be used with a choice of triggering on the (+)
positive-going or ( — ) negative-going slope of the triggering
signal. For most applications, automatic triggering is used
because a sweep is generated even when a trigger signal is
absent.
In AUTO mode, the displayed signal locks to the trigger
rate when a trigger signal is present to produce a stable dis
play. AUTO mode covers a wide amplitude range and
permits rapid observation of many signals and fre uencies.
Manual (NORM) triggering is used when the exact trigger 
ing point is important, or for triggering on signal fre uen 
cies below about 30 Hz. Manual triggering can also be used
to trigger on single-shot or random events. Triggering
occurs in manual operation when the signal amplitude pas 
ses through a reference level set by the LEVEL control.
Changing the trigger signal amplitude or LEVEL control
setting affects the sweep start.
Triggering Internally on the Input Signal
a. Press INT and AC buttons in. Set LEVEL control to
midrange and SLOPE switch to +. Press AUTO button in.
b. Connect a low-fre uency, sine-wave signal to CH 1 VERT
INPUT connector (right-side panel). Press CH 1 button in.
c. Set CH 1 VOLTS/DIV to .1. Adjust Sine-Wave Genera 
tor output for approximately 4 div of vertical display.
10
314 Operators

d. Set TIME/DIV switch to .2 ms and Sine-Wave Generator
fre uency to 1 kHz.
e. Turn 314 LEVEL control through its range and note
that the triggering point on the displayed signal changes.
Note that the triggering occurs on the positive-going slope
of the displayed signal.
f. Set SLOPE switch to — . Note that triggering occurs on
the negative-going slope of the displayed signal. Turn
LEVEL control to either extreme position and note that
the triggering point reaches either a peak or a valley, and
that the sweep is no longer triggered (free runs).
g. Press NORM button in.
h. Turn LEVEL control throughout its range and note that
when the sweep is not triggered, the signal is not displayed.
When the sweep is triggered the LEVEL control sets the
point at which triggering occurs.
Triggering from an External Source
a. Connect the Sine-Wave Generator signal through a tee
connector to CH 1 VERT INPUT connector and to the EXT
TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT connector on the right-side panel.
b. Set EXT ATTEN switch (side panel) to X10 and set
INT button to the out (EXT/LINE) position.
c. Set SLOPE switch to + and LEVEL control to midrange.
d. Press AUTO button in.
e. Set CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to .5.
f. Adjust Sine-Wave Generator for a 4 div vertical display
(200 mV, p-p) into EXT TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT connec 
tor.
g. Turn LEVEL control and note that the sweep is triggered
on the positive-going slope.
h. If manual triggering is desired, press NORM button in
and check triggering as in part h.
i. Set SLOPE switch to — and check triggering as in part h.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SWEEP
As with triggering, most applications call for operation using
internal sweep. The internal sweep rate is set by the TIME/
DIV switch, which permits accurate time and fre uency
measurements when the TIME/DIV VARIABLE control is
in the calibrated (CAL) position.
External sweep or horizontal deflection for the 314 can be
used for X-Y displays or for mating the oscilloscope to a
314 Operators
11

swept-fre uency device such as a Spectrum Analyzer. The
external horizontal sensitivity ranges from approximately
20 mV/div (with 1X attenuation and Horizontal Magnifica 
tion on) to 2 V/div (with 10X attenuation and Horizontal
Magnifier off).
The TIME/DIV VARIABLE control provides an additional
10:1 range with which exact adjustment or calibration of
horizontal deflection can be made.
X-Y Displays
One signal (vertical input) viewed with respect to another
(external horizontal input) displays patterns that show
phase and fre uency relationships.
a. Set TIME/DIV switch to X1, EXT HORIZ. Press AC
button in and set I NT button to the out position if the sig 
nal has a de component. Press AC and LF REJ buttons in
(EXT DC) if the signal fre uency is 30 Hz or less (within
the input fre uency limitations).
b. Set the ATTEN switch (X1-X10 on side panel) to the
appropriate position for the voltage level of the external
horizontal signal.
c. Set VOLTS/DIV switch to an appropriate position for
the vertical signal voltage.
d. Apply both X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) signals to
their respective input connectors and observe the display.
NOTE
The vertical and horizontal amplifier character 
istics must be considered in X-Y operation be 
cause of bandwidth and input impedance dif 
ferences. To determine phase difference, apply
the same signal to both inputs and calculate
the difference.
Using External Sweep Voltage
a. Perform the steps under X-Y Displays.
b. Calibrate the horizontal sweep for fre uency per div by
adjusting the TIME/DIV VARIABLE control.
SELECTING SWEEP RATE
AND
USE OF THE MAGNIFIER
The sweep rate depends on the desired observation or
measurement to be made. For fre uency measurements,
several cycles or events are usually displayed and the time
12
314 Operators
REV. A, AUG. 1975

of 1 cycle or the time between 2 or more events is measu 
red (see Fre uency Measurements). A portion of 1 cycle,
or a full cycle is usually displayed when measuring or ob 
serving small portions of a wave train (such as risetime,
pulse duration, and aberrations). When part of a wave
train or waveform that occurs later than the sweep trigger
are to be examined, the X10 position of the SWEEP MAG
switch can be used to expand the center portion of the dis 
play. The effective sweep rate for the expanded portion is
decreased by a factor of 10; therefore, timing measurements
must be divided by 10. Portions of the display to be expand 
ed should be centered with the POSITION control before
switching to the X10 position.
SIGNAL APPLICATION TO VERTICAL INPUT
For most applications, the P6049B, or similar probe, should
be used as an interface between the signal source and the
oscilloscope vertical input. The probe increases the input
resistance of the oscilloscope system to about 10 MΩ and
decreases the effective capacitive loading to about 13.5 pF.
The higher the impedance ratio between the input to the
oscilloscope system and the signal source, the less the cir 
cuit under test is loaded, and the more accurate the measure 
ment. Because of circuit loading considerations, all
measurements should be made at low impedance points in
the circuit being tested.
NOTE
To insure that measurements are accurate, al 
ways compensate the probe before using. To
compensate the probe, touch the probe tip to
the .5 V CAL OUT connector on the 314 front
panel and adjust the compensation for the
best front-corner response to the square wave
signal (set VOLTS/DIV switch to 10m and
TIME/DIV switch to 1 ms).
For applications in which the source, such as the output of
a signal generator, is a coaxial connector, use a coaxial cable
between the oscilloscope and the signal source. In this
application, loading is not a problem; however, to preserve
signal fidelity, the cable impedance should e ual the source
impedance and the cable should be terminated in its charac 
teristic impedance at the oscilloscope input.
Use a common-ground return between the signal source and
the oscilloscope. When a probe is used, connect the shortest
possible ground lead near the signal source to avoid a long
signal path to ground.
WA RNING I
If the 314 is powered from an external de source
(not connected to an ac power source) provide
314 Operators
13

a ground return to earth to prevent the instru 
ment case from rising to the signai source poten 
tial to become a potential safety hazard. Connect
the grounding lead to the chassis ground connec 
tor on the 314 side panel.
HOW TO MEASURE VOLTAGE
If a coaxial cable is used, terminate the cable in its charac 
teristic impedance at the oscilloscope input.
Compensate the probe, if used, before connecting to the
signal source.
AC Signals
a. Set Input Coupling switch to GND (both switches in the
middle position) and VOLTS/DIV switch to an appropriate
setting. Vertical deflection factor e uals the product of the
VOLTS/DIV switch setting and the probe or signal trans 
porting lead attenuation factor. Connect the signal source
to a VERT INPUT connector and set Input Coupling switch
to AC.
b. Set TIME/DIV switch for desired deflection factor and
press appropriate CH 1 or CH 2 button. Adjust LEVEL
control for a triggered display. Position display within the
graticule area for measurement.
c. Measure peak-to-peak, or peak-to-trough amplitude of
the display, or waveform, in graticule div. See Figure 12.
Voltage (peak-to-peak) = measured amplitude in div, multi 
plied by the deflection factor (VOLTS/DIV switch setting
times probe attenuation factor).
POSITION TO
CENTER
VERTICAL LINE
VOLTS VERTICAL VOLTS/DIV PROBE
PEAK TO = DEFLECTION X SETTING x ATTENUATION
PEAK (DIVISIONS) FACTOR
1823-12
Fig. 12. Measuring peak-to-peak voltage.
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314 Operators