Teledyne Lecroy LabMaster LM 10-25Zi-A User manual

Operator’s Manual
Optical Modulation Analyzer

Optical Modulation Analyzer
Operator’s Manual
August, 2016

700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977
[phone]
teledynelecroy.com
Optical Modulation Analyzer Operator’s Manual
© 2016 Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unauthorized duplication of Teledyne LeCroy documentation materials other than for internal sales and
distribution purposes is strictly prohibited. However, clients are encouraged to duplicate and distribute
Teledyne LeCroy documentation internally for their own educational purposes.
LabMaster, X-Stream, and Teledyne LeCroy are trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. Other product or
brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this
publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
927295-00 Rev A
August, 2016

Operator’s Manual
i
Contents
About This Manual.................................................................................................................iv
Definitions.................................................................................................................................iv
About Teledyne LeCroy ............................................................................................................iv
About Coherent Solutions ........................................................................................................iv
Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1
Shipped Items........................................................................................................................... 2
OMA Accessories ..................................................................................................................... 2
Coherent Receiver Features..................................................................................................... 3
LabMaster Real-Time Oscilloscope ......................................................................................... 4
Compatible Hardware............................................................................................................... 4
OMA System Architecture........................................................................................................ 5
Safety ................................................................................................................................... 7
Symbols .................................................................................................................................... 7
Oscilloscope Precautions......................................................................................................... 7
Coherent Receiver Precautions................................................................................................ 8
Operating Environment............................................................................................................. 8
Cooling ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Cleaning .................................................................................................................................... 9
Calibration................................................................................................................................. 9
Lifting and Moving.................................................................................................................... 9
Power ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Fuse Replacement.................................................................................................................. 10
Grounding ............................................................................................................................... 10
System Installation.............................................................................................................. 11
Hardware Configuration ......................................................................................................... 11
Optical Configuration ............................................................................................................. 14
Coherent Receiver LCD Control Interface.............................................................................. 20
Navigating the LCD Control Interface .................................................................................... 20
Changing Numerical Values................................................................................................... 20
Changing Numerical Units ..................................................................................................... 20
Changing Step Size ................................................................................................................ 21
Changing the Output Power ................................................................................................... 21

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Preparing for Optimal Measurements ...................................................................................22
Warm Up ................................................................................................................................. 22
Deskew Channels ................................................................................................................... 22
Adjust Signal Pre-Processing................................................................................................. 23
Using the Optical Modulation Analyzer Software...................................................................24
Starting the OMA Software .................................................................................................... 24
Acquisition Controls ............................................................................................................... 25
Optical Inputs ......................................................................................................................... 26
Electrical Inputs...................................................................................................................... 29
Signal Processing................................................................................................................... 32
Graphs..................................................................................................................................... 39
Measurements........................................................................................................................ 45
Using Custom MATLAB Scripts ............................................................................................. 50
Using X-Stream Browser ......................................................................................................51
Applying Math and Measurements to OMA Data ...................................................................52
Applying Math Functions ....................................................................................................... 52
Applying Measurements ........................................................................................................ 53
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................54
Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 54
Technical Support .................................................................................................................. 55
Returning a Product ............................................................................................................... 56
Warranty.................................................................................................................................. 57
Certifications .......................................................................................................................... 58
Appendix 1: OMA Calibration ................................................................................................61
Coherent Receiver Factory Calibrations ................................................................................ 61
Full System Factory Calibrations........................................................................................... 61
Manual Calibrations ............................................................................................................... 61
Dynamic Calibrations ............................................................................................................. 61
Appendix 2: OMA Algorithms................................................................................................62
Dispersion Compensation ...................................................................................................... 62
Polarization De-multiplexing .................................................................................................. 63
Frequency Estimation ............................................................................................................ 64
Phase Estimation ................................................................................................................... 65

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Appendix 3: OMA Measurement Definitions.......................................................................... 66
I and Q Bias Offset.................................................................................................................. 66
IQ Offset.................................................................................................................................. 67
IQ Quadrature Error................................................................................................................. 67
IQ Skew ................................................................................................................................... 68
IQ RF Imbalance ..................................................................................................................... 69
Error Vector Magnitude .......................................................................................................... 70
Magnitude Error...................................................................................................................... 71
PMD......................................................................................................................................... 71
PDL.......................................................................................................................................... 72
XY Skew .................................................................................................................................. 72
Q-Factor .................................................................................................................................. 72
BER Estimate.......................................................................................................................... 72
Appendix 4: Reference Symbols and Encodings ................................................................... 73

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About This Manual
This manual covers procedures for setting up and configuring a Teledyne LeCroy Optical Modulation
Analyzer (OMA) system. Complete procedures for using the oscilloscope functions of the OMA can be
found in the LabMaster 10 Zi-A Operator’s Manual shipped with the OMA and available for free from:
teledynelecroy.com/support/techlib/
Definitions
The OMA system shown throughout this manual is based on an OMA configuration using X-Stream™
v. 8.1.x.x. Your user interface may look slightly different than that shown here, but the functionality
described is the same.
As OMA functionality can be added to existing LabMaster systems, there is potential variation among the
components that make up an OMA system. The terms below should be understood to mean the following
wherever they appear:
OMA: System combining one LabMaster control module, one coherent receiver, and one or more
LabMaster acquisition modules.
Control module: The MCM-Zi-A or another compatible control module (MCM-Zi, 9CZi-A).
Acquisition module: The LabMaster 10-25Zi-A , LabMaster 10-36Zi-A, LabMaster 10-65Zi-A, or one of the
compatible acquisition modules listed on page 4.
Coherent receiver: Teledyne LeCroy IQS25, IQS42 or IQS70, or Coherent Solutions IQScope-RT.
OMA Software: The Optical LinQ™ optical modulation analysis software (v. 8.0.x.x or higher)
Firmware: The X-Stream oscilloscope software.
About Teledyne LeCroy
Teledyne LeCroy is a leading manufacturer of advanced test instruments that measure, analyze, and
verify complex electronic signals. The Company offers high-performance oscilloscopes and protocol test
solutions used by electronic design engineers in a wide range of applications and end markets. Teledyne
LeCroy is based in Chestnut Ridge, N.Y. For more information, visit Teledyne LeCroy's website at:
teledynelecroy.com
About Coherent Solutions
OMA systems feature a coherent receiver designed by Coherent Solutions Ltd. Coherent Solutions is a
leading photonics technology company specializing in R&D equipment in the fields of coherent
communication technologies and short laser pulse characterization. Coherent Solutions offers a
complete range of test and measurement solutions from signal generation to complex optical modulation
format signal characterization. Coherent Solutions is based in Auckland, New Zealand. For more
information, visit Coherent Solutions’ website at:
www.coherent-solutions.com

Operator’s Manual
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Introduction
The Optical Modulation Analyzer (OMA) system combines the Teledyne LeCroy-Coherent Solutions
coherent receiver with the LabMaster 10 Zi-A real-time oscilloscope. Taking advantage of the LabMaster’s
high bandwidth and long acquisition memory, the coherent receiver enables high-speed and accurate
characterization of complex optical modulations.
Optical Modulation Analyzer hardware
The fully integrated Optical LinQ™ software provides intuitive, touch screen control of the OMA system,
measurements designed for optical analysis, and powerful signal visualization capabilities.
Optical Modulation Analyzer Optical LinQ software

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Shipped Items
Check that the following items have been included with your shipment. Contact Teledyne LeCroy
immediately if any are missing.
System Item Quantity
All
MCM Zi-A Master Control Module 1
Polarization Maintaining Patch Cord 1
USB Type A to Type B Cable 1
Operator’s Manual 1
25 GBaud LM 10-25Zi-A Acquisition Module 1
IQS25 Coherent Receiver 1
36 GBaud LM 10-36Zi-A Acquisition Module 1
IQS42 Coherent Receiver 1
56 GBaud LM 10-65Zi-A Acquisition Module 1 / 2*
IQS70 Coherent Receiver 1
* Depending on desired number of high-bandwidth polarizations.
OMA Accessories
The following may be purchased separately for an OMA system. Contact your regional sales
representative.
Item PN Quantity
Receiver Rackmount Kit
(for use with standard 19-inch rack)
IQS-RACKMOUNT 1
Standard RF Cables (for < 50 GHz inputs)IQSCABLES-SBW 4
High-bandwidth RF Cables
(for ≥50 GHz inputs)
IQSCABLES-HBW 4

Operator’s Manual
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Coherent Receiver Features
1. X Pol I RF output
2. X Pol Q RF output
3. LCD control interface screen
4. Control dial for LCD control interface
5. Y Pol I RF output
6. Y Pol Q RF output
7. Laser On/Off
8. Power On/Off
9. Built-in laser output PM FC/PM
10. Reference LO input PM FC/PC
11. Modulated optical signal input FC/PC
12. USB connection to MCM-Zi-A
13. Mains power isolation switch
14. AC power inlet
(~100 - 240 V; 50/60 Hz; 20W max.)

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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LabMaster Real-Time Oscilloscope
See the LabMaster 10 Zi-A Operator’s Manual included with your MCM-Zi-A unit for a description of the
LabMaster hardware features.
Compatible Hardware
Coherent receiver, oscilloscope modules, and software may be purchased independently and combined to
form an OMA system, although system performance may not equal that of a complete Teledyne LeCroy
OMA system. The following hardware has been tested to be compatible with each other and the
Optical LinQ OMA software.
Coherent Receivers
Coherent Solutions IQScope-RT
Master Control Modules
•LabMaster MCM-Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 9CZi-A
Acquisition Modules
•LabMaster 10-20Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-25Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-30Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-36Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-50Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-60Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-65Zi/Zi-A
•LabMaster 10-100Zi-A (36 GHz polarizations only)
•LabMaster 913SZi-A
•LabMaster 916SZi-A
•LabMaster 920SZi-A
•LabMaster 930SZi-A
•LabMaster 945SZi-A

Operator’s Manual
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OMA System Architecture
A modulated optical signal is input to the coherent receiver along with a Local Oscillator (LO). The
coherent receiver also outputs a laser which can be used as a source for the LO. The output LO can be
controlled from the coherent receiver’s LCD interface as well as from the OMA software.
The coherent receiver converts the optical input into four electrical signals labeled XI, XQ, YI, and YQ
which are then input to the LabMaster acquisition module.
The Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) in the LabMaster perform the front-end sampling and present
this data to the OpticalLinQ OMA software for analysis:
•The first step in this process is receiver calibration and correction, which must be performed every
time an acquisition session is to be started.
•The next stage in the process is a set of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms which form
the core of the OMA functionality. The DSP operates in three stages: Dispersion Compensation,
Polarization De-multiplexing and Carrier Recovery.Details of these operations will be provided
later in the document.
The output of the DSP kernel is fed to the various visualizers such as Constellations, Trajectories,
Eye Diagrams and Masks.
In addition to this, a range of measurements are also provided for complete signal characterization.

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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OMA system architecture with an emphasis on signal flow through the various components

Operator’s Manual
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Safety
To maintain the OMA in a correct and safe condition, observe generally accepted safety procedures in
addition to the precautions specified in this section. The overall safety of any system incorporating this
product is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.
Symbols
These symbols appear on the instrument or in documentation to alert you to important safety concerns:
CAUTION of potential damage to instrument, or WARNING of potential bodily injury. Refer to the
accompanying information.
Do not proceed until the information is fully understood and
conditions are met.
CAUTION, risk of electric shock or burn.
Laser safety WARNING.
CAUTION, contains parts/assemblies susceptible to damage by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
Measurement ground connection.
Safety (protective) ground connection.
Alternating current.
Standby power (front of instrument).
Power On (rear Power switch); connected to AC mains.
Power Off (rear Power switch); disconnected from AC mains.
Oscilloscope Precautions
Comply with the following instructions to avoid personal injury or damage to your equipment.
Maintain ground. This product is grounded through the power cord grounding conductor. To avoid
electric shock, connect only to a grounded mating outlet.
Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect/disconnect probes, test leads, or cables while they are
connected to a live voltage source.
Use indoors only within the specified operating environment. Do not use in wet or explosive atmospheres.
Do not operate with suspected failures. Do not use the product if any part is damaged. Obviously
incorrect measurement behaviors (such as failure to calibrate) might indicate impairment due to
hazardous live electrical quantities. Cease operation immediately and sequester the instrument from
inadvertent use.
Observe all terminal ratings. Do not apply a voltage to any input that exceeds its maximum rating. Refer
to the front of the instrument for maximum input ratings.

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Use only power cords shipped with the instrument and certified for the country of use.
Keep product surfaces clean and dry.
Do not remove the covers or inside parts. Refer all maintenance to qualified personnel.
Coherent Receiver Precautions
Invisible Laser Radiation
WARNING
Exercise laser safety precautions.
The coherent receiver contains a Class 1M laser, λ:1500
to 1650 nm, P
out maximum < 50 mW. Do not view the laser output directly with optical
instruments such as magnifiers or microscopes.
Electrical Connections
WARNING
Exercise
electro-static discharge precautions. The instrument contains static-sensitive
components. When making RF connections, always wear a grounding wrist strap.
CAUTION
A
lways hold on to the cable or component while tightening the hex nut to prevent the
center pin from twisting inside the female connector
when making RF connections.
Use a torque wrench
to control the tightening pressure on all RF connections.
Optical Connections
WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active
. Care must be taken to
ensure that any connected
light sources and the instrument have been turned off before
inspecting the end face(s) of the instrument or any optical patch cords connected to the
instrument. Never look directly into a live fiber, and wear eye protection at all times.
CAUTION
A
lways clean the optical connectorsand ensure the facet is free from dirt or impurities
when making optical connections
.
Check the connector type
. Optical connectors used in the coherent receiver are FC/PC
type, unless stated otherwise.
Do not connect FC/APC type connectors directly to
coherent receivers designed for FC/PC
type
.
Doing so will result in damaging the connector. A convertor patch cord can be used in
case FC/APC connectors need to be used.
Operating Environment
Temperature: 5 to 40° C
Humidity: Maximum RH 80 % for temperatures up to 31° C,
decreasing linearly to 50% RH at 40° C
Altitude: Up to 3,000 m at or below 30° C

Operator’s Manual
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Cooling
The LabMaster relies on forced air cooling with internal fans and vents. Take care to avoid restricting the
airflow to any part. In a bench top configuration, leave a minimum 15 cm (6 inch) gap around the sides
and rear. The feet provide adequate bottom clearance. Observe spacing indicated in cart mount and
rackmount instructions.
CAUTION
Do not
block cooling vents. Always keep the area beneath the instrument clear of paper
and other items.
Cleaning
Clean only the exterior of the instrument using a soft cloth moistened with water or an alcohol solution.
Do not use harsh chemicals or abrasive elements. Under no circumstances submerge the instrument or
allow moisture to penetrate it.
CAUTION
Unplug
the power cord from the AC inlet before cleaning to avoid electric shock.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to clean internal parts
. Refer to qualified service personnel.
See “Clean Optical Fiber” and “Clean Optical Bulkhead Connector” for optical cleaning instructions.
Calibration
The oscilloscope and the coherent receiver are calibrated at the factory prior to being shipped. The
recommended calibration interval for both is one year.
CAUTION
Calibration should be performed by qualified personnel only
.
Schedule an annual factory calibration as part of your regular maintenance. Extended warranty,
calibration, and upgrade plans are available for purchase. Contact your Teledyne LeCroy sales
representative or [e-mail] to purchase a service plan.
The LabMaster software includes both automatic and user-initiated deskew calibration functions.
Lifting and Moving
Components housed in the OC910 oscilloscope cart may be moved from place to place as a unit. If
components must be removed from the cart or other mounting, disconnect all cables from the units and
move components separately.
CAUTION
Seek assistance
when lifting and moving heavy OMA components.

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Power
LabMaster power ratings vary by model. If you are using LabMaster components other than those
shipped as part of an OMA system, see the product datasheet at teledynelecroy.com for power ratings.
Component
AC Power Source*
Max. Consumption
(all accessories installed)
Standby Consumption
MCM-Zi-A
100 to 240 VAC (±10%) at
50/60 Hz (± 10%)
≤ 450 watts (450 VA) 5 W
LM 10-36Zi-A
LM 10-25Zi-A
100 to 240 VAC (±10%) at
50/60 Hz (± 10%)
≤ 1225 watts (1225 VA) 12 W
LM 10-65Zi-A
100 to 240 VAC (±10%) at
50/60 Hz (± 10%)
≤ 1275 watts (1275 VA) 12 W
IQS25, IQS40, IQS70
110 to 240 (±10%) VAC at
50/60 Hz (±10%)
≤ 20 watts (20 VA) 0 W
* The system automatically adapts to line voltage; manual voltage selection is not required.
Fuse Replacement
The coherent receiver is equipped with a user-replaceable AC mains fuse.
CAUTION
Unplug the power cord
before inspecting or replacing the fuse to avoid electric shock.
1. Open the black fuse holder (located at the rear of the instrument next to the mains inlet) using a small,
flat-bladed screw driver.
2. Remove the old fuse and replace it with a new 5 X 20 mm T rated 1.0 A/250 V fuse.
3. Replace the fuse holder.
Grounding
The MCM-Zi-A Master Control Module is provided with a 10A/250V rated grounded cord set containing a
molded three-terminal polarized plug with a standard IEC-60320 (Type C13) connector.
The LM 10-36Zi-A, LM 10-25Zi-A and LM 10-65Zi-A acquisition modules are provided with a 16A/250V or
15A/125V rated grounded cord set containing a molded three-terminal polarized plug and a specific IEC-
60320 (Type C19) connector.
The IQS25, IQS42 and IQS70 coherent receivers are provided with a 10A/250V rated grounded cord set
containing a molded three-terminal polarized plug and an IEC-60320 (Type C13) connector.
The power cords mate to a compatible AC power inlet on the back of the instruments for line voltage and
safety ground connections. The AC inlet ground is connected directly to the frame of the instrument. For
adequate protection again electric shock, connect to a mating outlet with a safety ground contact.
WARNING
To maintain ground, use only t
he power cord provided with each component. Interrupting
the protective conductor inside/outside the oscilloscope or disconnecting the safety
ground terminal creates a hazardous situation. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Operator’s Manual
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System Installation
Hardware Configuration
The OMA has been designed to accommodate your preferred system configuration, whether that is a
bench-top or rack-mount arrangement. The dimensions and layout of the panel elements ensure user
friendly integration.
WARNING
OMA
components are heavy. Do not attempt these installation procedures without
assistance.
Standard Bench-Top Configuration
The depth of the coherent receiver case has been
designed to provide solid support for the MCM-Zi-A.
Place the coherent receiver on top of the acquisition
module, then place the control module on top of the
coherent receiver.
Go on to make the power, USB, and other cable
connections on the backs of the units before making the
RF and optical cable connections on the front.

Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Rackmount Configuration
The OMA may also be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack.
CAUTION
Remove all cables attached to the
instruments before attempting to mount the
units within the rack.
YOU PROVIDE
•Optional OMA rackmount kit (IQS-RACKMOUNT) and
optional LabMaster rackmount kits (MCM-Zi-
RACKMOUNT and LM10Zi-ACQMOD-RACKMOUNT).
•Phillips screwdriver.
•At least four (4) fasteners to attach the coherent receiver
to the rack. Consult the rack manufacturer’s
documentation to ensure the correct fasteners are used.
STEPS
1. Fasten the mounting brackets (supplied with the
rackmount kit) to the threaded holes located at the
front of both sides of the coherent receiver. Ensure all
four screws of both brackets are securely fastened.
2. With assistance, position the coherent receiver within
the instrument rack.
IMPORTANT: Ensure sufficient room to mount the
other units around the receiver. This varies depending on the number of acquisition modules.
3. With the coherent receiver held in position, securely
attach the mounting brackets to the instrument rack
using the fasteners specified by your rack
manufacturer.
4. Follow the instructions included with the LM 10 Zi
rackmount kit to install the control module and the
acquisition module in the rack.
5. Go on to make the power, USB, and other cable
connections on the backs of the units before making the RF and optical cable connections on the
front.