Teledyne 514 User manual

Teledyne Analytical Instruments
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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
MODEL 514
NDIR
ANALYZER
P/NM63700
08/06/99
ECO#99-0323
HIGHLY TOXIC AND OR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES MAY BE PRESENT IN THIS MONITORING
SYSTEM.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT MAY BE REQUIRED WHEN SERVICING THIS SYSTEM.
HAZARDOUSVOLTAGESEXISTONCERTAINCOMPONENTSINTERNALLYWHICHMAYPERSISTFOR
A TIME EVEN AFTER THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND DISCONNECTED.
ONLYAUTHORIZEDPERSONNELSHOULDCONDUCTMAINTENANCEAND/ORSERVICING.BEFORE
CONDUCTING ANY MAINTENANCE OR SERVICING CONSULT WITH AUTHORIZED SUPERVISOR/
MANAGER.
DANGER

Teledyne Analytical Instruments
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Copyright © 1999 Teledyne Analytical Instruments
All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language or com-
puter language in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be elec-
tronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
consent of Teledyne Analytical Instruments, 16830 Chestnut Street, City of Industry, CA
91749-1580.
Warranty
This equipment is sold subject to the mutual agreement that it is warranted by us
free from defects of material and of construction, and that our liability shall be limited to
replacing or repairing at our factory (without charge, except for transportation), or at
customer plant at our option, any material or construction in which defects become
apparent within one year from the date of sale, except in cases where quotations or
acknowledgements provide for a shorter period. Components manufactured by others
bear the warranty of their manufacturer. This warranty does not cover defects caused by
wear, accident, misuse, or neglect. We assume no liability for direct or indirect damages
of any kind and the purchaser by the acceptance of the equipment will assume all
liability for any damage which may result from its use or misuse.
We reserve the right to employ any suitable material in the manufacture of our
apparatus, and to make any alterations in the dimensions, shape or weight of any parts,
in so far as such alterations do not adversely affect our warranty.
Important Notice
This instrument is intended to be used a tool to gather valuable data. The informa-
tion provided by the instrument may assist the user in eliminating potential hazards
caused by the process that the instrument is intended to monitor; however, it is essential
that all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the
process being measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all
instrumentation related to it.
The safety of personnel is ultimately the responsibility of those who control
process conditions. While this instrument may be able to provide early warning of
imminent danger, it has no control over process conditions, and can be misused. In
particular, any alarm or control system installed must be tested and understood, both as
they operate and as they can be defeated. Any safeguards required such as locks, labels,
or redundancy must be provided by the user or specifically requested of Teledyne.
The purchaser must be aware of the hazardous conditions inherent in the
process(es) he uses. He is responsible for training his personnel, for providing hazard
warning methods and instrumentation per the appropriate standards, and for ensuring
that hazard warning devices and instrumentation are maintained and operated properly.
TAI, the manufacturer of this instrument, cannot accept responsibility for condi-
tions beyond its knowledge and control. No statement expressed or implied by this
document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to
be construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process
conditions.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Method of Analysis............................................................1-1
1.2 Modules (Condulets) .........................................................1-2
1.2.1 Source Module .......................................................1-5
1.2.2 Sample Module ..................................................1-5
1.2.3 Power Module ..................................................1-5
1.2.4 Detector Module ..................................................1-5
1.2.5 Local Meter Readout ..............................................1-6
1.2.6 Control Module ..................................................1-6
1.3 Typical Applications..........................................................1-6
2.0 Operational Theory
2.1 Circuit Description.............................................................2-2
2.1.1 Source Module ....................................................2-2
2.1.2 Sample Module ..................................................2-3
2.1.3 Power Module ..................................................2-4
2.1.4 Detector Module ..................................................2-8
2.1.5 Control Module ..................................................2-10
3.0 Installation
3.1 Location ............................................................................3-1
3.2 Sample Saction Installation...............................................3-1
3.2.1 Filtering ..................................................................3-1
3.2.2 Effluent Return........................................................3-2
3.2.3 Flow Control ...........................................................3-2
3.2.4 Selector Manifold....................................................3-3
3.2.5 Automatic Zero Operation.......................................3-3
3.3 Electrical Installation .........................................................3-3
3.3.1 Power Check..........................................................3-3
3.4 Analysis Unit .....................................................................3-5
3.5 Optical Alignement............................................................3-6
4.0 Operations
4.1 Control Functions ..............................................................4-1
4.1.1 General Purpose Version: Analysis Section...........4-1
4.1.2 General Purpose Version: Controle Module...........4-2
4.1.3 Explosion-Proof Version: Control Module ..............4-3

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4.2 Start-up..............................................................................4-4
4.2.1 Preliminary Inspection ............................................4-4
4.2.2 Pre-Start-up Electrical Checkout ............................4-5
4.2.3 Power On Observation ...........................................4-5
4.3 Calibration.........................................................................4-6
5.0 Maintenance & Troubleshooting
5.1 Replacement of Sample Cell Optics .................................5-2
5.2 Replacement of Filter Wheel Optics..................................5-2
5.3 Replacement of Source Lamp Assembly ..........................5-3
5.4 Replacement of Filter Position Sensor..............................5-4
5.5 Replacement of Preamplifier Circuitr Card........................5-4
5.6 Re-screening of Lens ..................................................5-5
5.7 Troubleshooting ..................................................5-5
Appendix
Specifications ....................................................................A.1
Application Data ................................................................A.2
Recommended Spare Parts List .......................................A.3
Drawing List ......................................................................A.4

1–1
Introduction 1.0
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1.0 Introduction
The Model 514 Photometric Analyzer measures the concentration of
one component in a mixture of liquids or gases continuously by measuring
the radiation absorbed in selected bands in the near infrared (NIR) spectral
region.Mostliquidsorgaseshavingacharacteristicabsorptionspectrumin
this region can be measured with the analyzer. When we refer to the NIR
regionwe mean that portionof the electromagnetic energyspectrumfrom
1.0 to 2.8µ. This range can be extended to somewhat longer wavelengths
using special detectors. Most organic and some inorganic compounds can be
analyzed in the NIR region.
For example, the 514 is used to analyze parts per million (PPM) or the
percentage concentration of water in a variety of compounds (see Typical
Applications). The analyzer can also be used to measure the concentration of
one organic compound in the presence of another organic compound.
1.1 Method of Analysis
The 514 contains an optical system consisting of a quartz iodine source
lampforNIRenergy emission, collimating lens, sample cellanddetector.
Isolatororlight beam tubes filledwithnitrogen gas interconnect the source
and sample, and sample and detector modules. In front of the detector is a
motor-drivenfilterwheelcontainingtwoopticalinterference-typefilters,
located 180° from each other. These filters, designated the reference and
measuringfilters, are alternately and continuouslyrotated in and out ofthe
optical path. The sample flows continuously through the sample cell absorb-
ing energy at various wavelengths throughout the NIR spectrum. The wave-
lengthsandintensitiesofabsorptionpeaks throughout the spectrum are
characteristicofthespecificcompoundsthatarepresentinthesample.
In any photometric analysis, there is always the component that we are
interested in analyzing, and background components that we are not inter-
ested in measuring. Both the component of interest and the background
component may have complex NIR absorption spectra.

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1–2
1.0 Introduction
The quantitative measurement of a compound using the 514 is based on
Beer’s Law, which states that the intensity of a beam of monochromatic
radiationtransmittedthroughasampledecreasesexponentiallyasthe con-
centrationoftheabsorbingsampleincreases.
Toapproximatemonochromaticradiation,aspecificwavelengthis
isolatedbytheuseofthe interference-typefilters.Thefiltersallowtransmis-
sion of NIR over a narrow band pass region of the NIR spectra and com-
pletely block all other wavelengths. Proper selection of the measuring and
referencefilterwavelengthsallowstheaccurateisolationandmeasurement
ofthe component of interest.
The use of two filters allows cancellation of energy changes due to
turbidity, dirty sample cell windows, and aging of the source and electronic
components.
The center band pass of the measuring filter is selected to transmit
energy in a narrow region where the component of interest absorbs strongly
in comparison with background absorbance. The center band pass of the
reference filter is selected to transmit energy in a band pass region where the
background absorption of NIR energy is equivalent to that seen by the
measuring filter. The reference filter is also selected to be in a region where
thecomponentofinterest has minimal absorption of energy.
The optical beam is converted from steady state to pulsed energy by the
rotation of the filters in the optical path. The measuring and reference pulses
of radiation strike a detector which converts the pulses of radiation into
electricalpulseswhicharethenamplified.Signalprocessinginvolves
convertingtheelectricalsignalstologarithmicsignals,andthencomparing
the measuring to the reference logarithmic signals in order to give a readout
representingtheconcentrationofthecomponent of interest in the sample.
1.2 Modules (Condulets)
Physical layout of the analyzer is shown in Figures 1-1 and 1-2. The
control module is usually located apart from the analysis unit in a control
room. The explosion-proof version has the control and analysis units
mountedin one weather-resistant NEMA-12enclosuresuitable for outdoor
installation.
Theanalysis section isdesigned for hazardous areainstallation. Hous-
ings are rated for use in Class I, Div. I, Group D hazardous environments.

1–3
Introduction 1.0
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Figure 1-1. Model 514 Photometric Analyzer (with General-Purpose Control Unit)

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1.0 Introduction
Figure 1-2. Model 514 Photometric Analyzer (with Explosion-Proof Control Unit)

1–5
Introduction 1.0
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1.2.1 Source Module
The source module or condulet houses the quartz iodine source lamp,
collimating lens/lens holder, and transformer. The 115 VAC power to the
sourcetransformerisderiveddirectlyfromthelinevoltageregulatingtrans-
formerinstalledinthepower module.
1.2.2 SampleModule
The insulated sample module has sample inlet and outlet lines con-
structed of 1/8" O.D. 316SS tubing. The sample is routed through a
preheater, through the sample cell, then drained from the outlet port. A
thermistor-controlledpreheaterandcompartmentspaceheaterarepowered
fromtemperaturecontrollerslocatedinthepowermodule. A thermal cutout
switchpreventstemperature“runaway”.
Thesample cell, whichis configured foreach particular application,is
provided with sapphire windows to admit NIR radiation.
1.2.3 Power Module
Thepower module contains aline voltage regulating transformer(with
capacitor)andthreetemperaturecontrollercircuitcards.
Eachofthe controllers incorporates abridgecircuitcontaining a ther-
mistorlocatedinthevolume/compartmenttobecontrolled.Bridgeimbalance
producesanerror signal, resulting inoperationof the final control element
(heater)torestore bridge balance, and controllingthetemperatureto within a
fairlynarrowproportionalband.
Control functions for the analysis section are located on the power
module(see Figure 4-1).
1.2.4 DetectorModule
As noted above, the detector is a part of the optical system (see Figure
2-1). The detector cell is mounted within a hermetically sealed block with a
quartz window through which the optical energy enters. The assembled cell
block,togetherwiththepreamplifiersubassembly,filterwheel,andfilter
positionsensor,arecontainedwithinatemperature-controlledcompartment
Inadditiontotheheatedopticalcompartment,thedetectormodule
contains the chopper motor, power transformer, and six circuit cards whose
function is described in section 2. 2. 4, Detector Module.

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1.0 Introduction
1.2.5 Local Meter Readout
Foranalyzerconfigurations having aremotelylocatedcontrolmodule,
the local meter is used to read the reference and measuring peak heights, or
thevoltageoutputfromthebufferamplifierbeforevoltage-to-currentconver-
sion.
When the control module is integral with the analysis section, i. e., the
explosion-proofconfiguration, the meteris connected to theoutput of the
control module in order to display the concentration of the component of
interestaswellasthepreviouslymentionedinformation.
1.2.6 Control Module
In the explosion-proof version, the calibration meter is used as an all
purpose readout; in this case, there is some modification in the switching at
both the control module and power module.
In addition to control switching, adjustment (zero and span), and read-
out components, the control module has provisions for five circuit cards: an
automaticzero/extendedvoltageamplifier,E-to-Iconverter,I-to-Econverter,
powersupply, and alarm comparator.The alarm comparator circuitcard
incorporatestwocircuitswithjumpersthatpermitsettingthealarm(s)for
high,low, high/low, high/high, andlow/lowsettings. Setpoint adjustments
areperformedwithpotentiometers on the module frontpanel.
1.3 TypicalApplications
WATER MONITORING
Background Typical Range
Acids,including: 0–4000 PPM
Acetic
Formic
Sulfuric
Acetaldehyde 0–1000 PPM
Air 0–2%
Alcohols,including: 0–400 ppm
Butanol
Ethanol
Isopropanol
Methanol
Alkanes,including: 0–500 ppm
Heptane
Hexane