Telwin TECNICA 190 TIG-MMA DC LIFT VRD User manual
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Cod.954422
TIG DC • MMA
(EN) INSTRUCTION MANUAL
(IT) MANUALE D’ISTRUZIONE
(FR) MANUEL D’INSTRUCTIONS
(ES) MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES
(DE) BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
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Professional TIG-DC, MMA welding machines with inverter.
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Saldatrici professionali ad inverter TIG DC, MMA.
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Postes de soudage professionnels à inverseur TIG-CC, MMA.
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Soldadoras profesionales con inverter TIG-DC, MMA.
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Professionelle Schweißmaschinen WIG-DC, MMA mit Invertertechnik.
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connected electrically may generate a dangerous accumulation of no-load
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These welding machines are a power source for arc welding operations, custom-built
for TIG (DC) LIFT and MMA welding of coated electrodes (rutile, acid, basic).
The high level of speed and calibration accuracy are particular aspects of this welding
machine (INVERTER) and guarantee top quality welding.
The inverter regulating system at the feeder line input zone (primary) also determines
a marked drop in volumes related to the transformer and levelling reactance which
makes it possible to build an extremely low volume, lightweight welding machine,
making handling and transportation much easier.
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- MMA welding kit
- TIG welding kit
- Argon bottle adapter
- Pressure reducing valve
- TIG torch
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- Welding current return cable complete with earth clamp.
ENGLISH INDEX
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2.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 5
2.2 ACCESSORIES ON REQUEST....................................................................... 5
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3.1 DATA PLATE (FIG. A)....................................................................................... 6
3.2 OTHER TECHNICAL DATA.............................................................................. 6
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4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM .......................................................................................... 6
4.1.1 LIFT strike welding machine (FIG. B)...................................................... 6
4.2 CONTROL, ADJUSTMENTAND CONNECTION DEVICES ........................... 6
4.2.1 COMPACT welding machine with LIFT strike..........................................6
4.2.1.1 Front panel (FIG. C).................................................................... 6
4.2.1.2 Rear panel (FIG. D) .................................................................... 6
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5.1 ASSEMBLY....................................................................................................... 6
5.1.1 Assembling the return cable-clamp (FIG. E) ........................................... 6
5.1.2 Assembling the welding cable-electrode holder clamp (FIG. F).............. 6
5.2 WELDING MACHINE LIFTING PROCEDURES.............................................. 6
5.3 WELDING MACHINE INSTALLATION POSITION...........................................6
5.4 CONNECTING THE MACHINE TO THE MAINS............................................. 6
5.4.1 Plug and socket....................................................................................... 6
5.5 WELDING CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS.............................................................. 6
5.5.1 TIG welding............................................................................................. 6
5.5.2 MMA welding........................................................................................... 7
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6.1 TIG WELDING.................................................................................................. 7
6.1.1 General principles ................................................................................... 7
6.1.2 Procedure (LIFT strike) ........................................................................... 7
6.2 MMA WELDING ............................................................................................... 7
6.2.1 General principles ................................................................................... 7
6.2.2 Procedure................................................................................................ 7
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7.1 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE.............................................................................. 7
7.1.1 Torch........................................................................................................ 7
7.2 EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE ............................................................... 7
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page page
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The most important data regarding use and performance of the welding machine are
summarised on the rating plate and have the following meaning:
Protection rating of the covering.
Symbol for power supply line:
1~: single phase alternating voltage;
3~: three phase alternating voltage.
Symbol S: indicates that welding operations may be carried out in environments
with heightened risk of electric shock (e.g. very close to large metallic volumes).
Symbol for welding procedure provided.
Symbol for internal structure of the welding machine.
EUROPEAN standard of reference, for safety and construction of arc welding
machines.
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technical assistance, requesting spare parts, discovering product origin).
Performance of the welding circuit:
- U: maximum no-load voltage (open welding circuit).
- I/U: current and corresponding normalised voltage that the welding machine
can supply during welding.
- X : Duty cycle: indicates the time for which the welding machine can supply
the corresponding current (same column). It is expressed as %, based on a 10
minutes cycle (e.g. 60% = 6 minutes working, 4 minutes pause, and so on).
If the usage factors (on the plate, referring to a 40°C environment) are exceeded,
the thermal safeguard will trigger (the welding machine will remain in standby
until its temperature returns within the allowed limits).
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maximum) at the corresponding arc voltage.
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- U:Alternating voltage and power supply frequency of welding machine (allowed
limit ±10%).
- IPD[ : Maximum current absorbed by the line.
- IHII : Effective current supplied.
: Size of delayed action fuses to be used to protect the power line.
Symbols referring to safety regulations, whose meaning is given in chapter 1
“General safety considerations for arc welding”.
Note: The data plate shown above is an example to give the meaning of the symbols
and numbers; the exact values of technical data for the welding machine in your
possession must be checked directly on the data plate of the welding machine itself.
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The welding machine basically consists of a combination of power and control
modules realised on circuit boards optimised to achieve maximum reliability and
reduced maintenance.
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Single-phase power line inputUHFWL¿HUJURXSSRZHUIDFWRUFRUUHFWLRQFLUFXLW3)&
if foreseen) and levelling capacitors.
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supply voltage to high frequencyAC voltage and regulates the output according to
the welding current/voltage required.
+LJK IUHTXHQF\ WUDQVIRUPHU the primary winding is powered by the voltage
converted by block 2; this adapts the voltage and current to the frequency required
by the arc welding procedure while providing galvanised insulation of the welding
circuit from the power supply line.
6HFRQGDU\UHFWL¿HUEULGJHZLWKOHYHOOLQJLQGXFWDQFH switches the voltage /AC
supplied by the secondary winding into extremely low wave DC voltage.
&RQWURODQGDGMXVWPHQWHOHFWURQLFV instantly checks the welding current value
and compares it to the value set by the operator; it also modulates the command
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:HOGLQJPDFKLQHRSHUDWLQJFRQWUROORJLF sets the welding cycles and monitors
the safety systems.
&RQWUROSDQHO to set and view operating modes and parameters.
Welding machine cooling fan.
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%XWWRQV to set operating modes and parameters.
- Primary function: MMA or TIG selection
- Secondary function (press and hold in MMA mode): Hot Start, Arc Force and,
where applicable, VRD device enabling / disabling settings.
Rapid press-and-release of the button allows users to select the parameter to be
controlled by the encoder (5) with relative value indicated on the display (3).
Press and hold the button to exit this settings procedure.
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Initial overcurrent regulator setting ((from 0-100%) with the percentage increase
compared to the preset welding current value indicated on the display. This
setting facilitates the striking of the electric arc.
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Dynamic overcurrent regulator setting ((from 0-100%) with percentage increase
compared to the preset welding current value indicated on the display. This
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piece.
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No-load voltage reduction device (ON-OFF switch) with device enabled ³YUG
21´DQGGHYLFHGLVDEOHG³YUG2))´indications on the display (3). This device
increases safety levels for operators when the welding machine is ON but not in
the welding position.
1RWH For models where programmed, 2 different settings of the maximum
available welding current can be selected.
CL.1: Setting with reduction of the maximum welding current (less power
available).
CL.2: Setting without reduction of the maximum welding current (more power
available).
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when switching on the welding machine (with closure of the main switch).
CL.1 is set initially, and it is also possible to carry out a general reset of the
parameters (res ON/OFF).
The procedure can be exited as described previously.
Operating mode and parameter settings LEDs:
D
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E
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<HOORZ/(' OFF by default, when ON this indicates that the welding machine is
blocked, (the machine is ON without generating current) after one of the following
protection devices has been triggered:
7KHUPDOUHOD\ the temperature inside the welding machine is too high. The
machine resets its standard default settings automatically. ³$/´alarm on the
display.
/LQHRYHUYROWDJHDQGXQGHUYROWDJHVDIHJXDUG the voltage is +/- 15% higher
or lower than the rated value. ³$/´alarm on the display.
:$51,1* Exceeding the above indicated overcurrent threshold can cause
serious damage to the device.
$17,67,&.SURWHFWLRQ The electrode is stuck to the material to be welded; it
can be removed manually.
The machine resets its standard default settings automatically.
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operations are in progress.
1HJDWLYHTXLFNFRQQHFWRU to connect the welding cable.
3RVLWLYHTXLFNFRQQHFWRU to connect the welding cable.
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All welding machines described in this manual must be lifted using the built-in handle.
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Before installing the welding machine, check there are no obstacles blocking the
cooling air input and output zones (fan powered forced ventilation); also check that
no conductive dust, corrosive fumes, humidity etc. can be sucked into the machine.
Make sure there is at least 250mm clearance space surrounding the welding machine.
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- Before making any electrical connections, check that the data on the welding
machine rating plate corresponds to the power supply current and frequency
available in the installation zone.
- The welding machine must only be connected to a power supply system with a
grounded neutral conductor.
- Use differential switches to ensure protection against indirect contact as follows:
- Type A ( ) for single-phase machines;
- In order to meet all EN 61000-3-11 (Flicker) Standard requirements, it is
recommended to connect the welding machine to the power supply interface
sockets that guarantee impedance of less than Zmax = 0.25 ohm (single phase).
- The welding machine does not meet IEC/EN 61000-3-12 Standard requirements
(models without PFC).
If it is connected to a public power grid, the installer or user is responsible for
checking that the welding machine can be safely connected (if in doubt, contact the
relative electricity board).
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- The single phase welding machines with absorbed current lower or equal to 16A are
VXSSOLHGZLWKDSRZHUFDEOH¿WWHGZLWKDQRUPDOLVHGSOXJ37$?9
- The single phase welding machines with absorbed current higher than 16A are
supplied with a power cable to be connected to a suitable normalised plug (2P+T).
8VHDPDLQVVRFNHW¿WWHGZLWKDIXVHRUFLUFXLWEUHDNHUWKHUHODWLYHHDUWKOXJPXVW
be connected to the power supply protective ground wire (yellow-green).
- Table 1 7$% shows the recommended delayed fuse sizes, in amps, for the main
supply, which have been chosen according to the maximum rated current output
from the welding machine, and to the nominal power supply voltage
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Table 1 7$% lists the recommended welding cable values (in mm2) according to the
max rated current output of the welding machine.
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- Insert the current power cable into the quick connect terminal (-). Connect the torch
gas pipe to the cylinder.
&RQQHFWLQJWKHZHOGLQJFXUUHQWUHWXUQFDEOH
- To be connected to the piece being welded or to the metal workbench on which it is
SRVLWLRQHGDVFORVHDVSRVVLEOHWRWKHMRLQWWKDWLVEHLQJPDGH
This cable is to be connected to the terminal with the (+) symbol.
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- Screw the pressure reducing valve to the gas bottle valve divided, where necessary,
E\DVSHFL¿FUHGXFHUVXSSOLHGDVDQDFFHVVRU\
- Connect the gas delivery pipe to the reducer valve and tighten the supplied clamp.
/RRVHQWKHSUHVVXUHUHGXFHUYDOYHDGMXVWHUULQJQXWEHIRUHRSHQLQJWKHJDVERWWOH
valve.
2SHQWKHERWWOHDQGUHJXODWHWKHJDVÀRZOPLQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVWDQGDUGUDWLQJV
seen in the table 7$%; this pressure reducer ring nut can also be used to tweak
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- 7 -
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Almost all coated electrodes must be connected to the generator’s positive pole (+),
except acid coated electrodes, which must to be connected to the negative pole (-).
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Fit a special clamp to the terminal which tightens the bare section of the electrode.
This cable must be connected to the terminal with the (+) symbol.
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To be connected to the piece being welded or to the metal workbench on which it is
SRVLWLRQHGDVFORVHDVSRVVLEOHWRWKHMRLQWWKDWLVEHLQJPDGH
This cable must be connected to the terminal with the (-) symbol.
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TIG welding is a welding procedure that exploits the heat generated by the electric
arc which is struck and maintained between a non-consumable electrode (Tungsten)
and the piece to be welded. The Tungsten electrode is supported by a torch which is
able to deliver welding current and protect the electrode and the weld pool against
DWPRVSKHULFR[LGDWLRQXVLQJDQLQHUWJDVÀRZQRUPDOO\$UJRQ$UVXSSOLHGYLD
a ceramic nozzle ),**.
TIG welding is suitable for all low-alloy and high-alloy carbon steels and to heavy
metals, copper, nickel, titanium and relative alloys.
Electrodes with 2% cerium content (grey coloured strip) are generally used for TIG DC
welding with a (-) pole electrode.
It is essential to sharpen the Tungsten electrode axially on a grinding wheel, see ),*
H,making sure that the tipisperfectly concentric to preventarcdeviation. It is important
to ensure grinding is performed lengthwise along the electrode. This operation must
be repeated periodically according to the use, wear and tear of the electrode, or when
the same has been accidentally contaminated, oxidised or used incorrectly.
To achieve good welding results, it is essential to use the exact electrode diameter and
current, as indicated in the table 7$%.
The ceramic nozzle will normally protrude from the electrode by 2-3mm, and may
reach 8 mm for corner welding operations.
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VSHFL¿FDOO\SUHSDUHGWKLQGLDPHWHUVXSWRDSSUR[PP),*,.
When dealing with thicker materials, it is necessary to use suitably sized sticks made
of the same base material, and ensure the edges are prepared properly ),*/. To
achieve good welding results, it is important to ensure all pieces are perfectly clean,
with no sign of oxide, oil, grease, solvents etc.
3URFHGXUH/,)7VWULNH
8VHWKHNQREWRDGMXVWWKHZHOGLQJFXUUHQWWRWKHUHTXLUHG UDWHDGMXVWWKLVYDOXH
during welding processes to adapt to the actual heat transfer required.
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The electric arc strike involves the to-and-fro stroke of the Tungsten electrode on the
piece to be welded. This strike procedure causes less electro-irradiated disturbance
and reduces Tungsten inclusions and wear of the electrode to a minimum; rest
the electrode tip on the piece using a very light amount of pressure, then raise
the electrode by 2-3 mm with a slight delay to strike the arc. At the beginning, the
welding machine delivers a IBASE current; after a few seconds the set welding current
will be delivered.
- To interrupt welding operations, quickly raise the electrode away from the piece.
00$:(/',1*
*HQHUDOSULQFLSOHV
- It is essential to follow the recommendations provided by the manufacturer on the
electrode packaging which indicates the correct electrode polarity and relative rated
current.
- Welding current is regulated to suit the diameter of the electrode being used and the
type of soldering to be performed; an example of the currents used for the various
electrode diameters can be seen below:
Electrode (mm) :HOGLQJFXUUHQW$
0LQ 0D[
1.6 25 50
24080
2.5 60 110
3.2 80 160
4 120 200
5 150 250
- One can see that for the same diameter electrode, high levels of current will be
XVHGIRUÀDWZHOGLQJZKLOVWORZHUFXUUHQWOHYHOVZLOOEHXVHGIRUYHUWLFDORURYHUKHDG
welding.
7KHPHFKDQLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHZHOGHGMRLQWDUHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHLQWHQVLW\
of the selected current and also other welding parameters such as the length of the
arc, the operating speed and position, the diameter and quality of the electrodes
(to ensure correct conservation, use special packaging or containers to store and
protect the electrodes against humidity).
- Welding characteristics also depend on the Arc Force value (dynamic behaviour)
of the welding machine. This parameter can be set via the control panel (where
applicable), or using a 2 potentiometer remote control.
- Note that high Arc Force values provide deeper penetration and allow welding to
be performed in any position, typically using basic electrodes; low Arc Force values
provide a smoother arc without spraying, typically using rutile electrodes.
7KH ZHOGLQJ PDFKLQH LV DOVR ¿WWHG ZLWK +RW 6WDUW DQG $QWL 6WLFN GHYLFHV ZKLFK
guarantee easy start procedures and prevent the electrode from sticking to the
piece.
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- Hold the mask IN FRONT OF THE FACE, then lightly scratch the electrode tip on
the piece to be welded as if you were trying to strike a match; this is the correct way
of striking the arc: where applicable, enable the VRD device and the arc strike will be
achieved using quick to-and-fro strokes of the electrode on the piece to be welded.
WARNING: DO NOT TAP the electrode against the piece; this can damage the
FRDWLQJDQGPDNHLWGLI¿FXOWWRVWULNHWKHDUF
- A soon as the arc is struck, try to maintain a distance from the piece which is
equivalent to the diameter of the electrode being used, and try to maintain this
distance as constant as possible during the welding operations; remember that the
angle of the electrode as it moves forwards should be about 20-30 degrees.
- At the end of the welding seam, move the electrode tip backwards slightly, above the
FUDWHUDQG¿OOLWLQQRZTXLFNO\OLIWWKHHOHFWURGHIURPWKHZHOGSRROWRH[WLQJXLVKWKH
arc (Examples of welding seams - ),*0).
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- Do not put the torch or its cable on hot pieces; this would cause the insulating
materials to melt, making the torch unusable after a very short time.
- Make regular checks on the gas pipe and connector seals.
- Accurately couple the electrode holder clamp, the gas diffusor calibrated with the
diameter of the selected electrode in order to prevent overheating, poor diffusion of
the gas and relative malfunctions.
- Before every use, check the state of wear and the correct assembly of the terminal
parts of the torch: nozzle, electrode, electrode holder clamp, gas diffusor.
(;75$25',1$5<0$,17(1$1&(
(;75$25',1$5< 0$,17(1$1&( 0867 21/< %( &$55,(' 287 %<
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,6 6:,7&+(' 2))$1' ',6&211(&7(' )520 7+( 0$,1 32:(5 6833/<
287/(7
,IFKHFNVDUHPDGHLQVLGHWKHZHOGLQJPDFKLQHZKLOHLWLVOLYHWKLVPD\FDXVH
VHULRXVHOHFWULFVKRFNGXHWRGLUHFWFRQWDFWZLWKOLYHSDUWVDQGRULQMXU\GXHWR
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- Periodically, and in any case with a frequency in keeping with the utilisation and with
the environment’s dust conditions, inspect the inside of the welding machine and
remove the dust deposited on the electronic boards with a very soft brush or with
appropriate solvents.
- At the same time make sure the electrical connections are tight and check the wiring
for damage to the insulation.
- At the end of these operations re-assemble the panels of the welding machine and
screw the fastening screws right down.
- Never, ever carry out welding operations while the welding machine is open.
- After having carried out maintenance or repairs, restore the connections and wiring
as they were before, making sure they do not come into contact with moving parts or
parts that can reach high temperatures. Tie all the wires as they were before, being
careful to keep the high voltage connections of the primary transformer separate
from the low voltage ones of the secondary transformer.
Use all the original washers and screws when closing the casing.
7528%/(6+227,1*
IN CASE OF UNSATISFACTORY FUNCTIONING, BEFORE SERVICING MACHINE
OR REQUESTING ASSISTANCE, CARRY OUT THE FOLLOWING CHECK:
- Check that the welding current is correct for the diamter and electrode type in use.
- Check that when general switch is ON the relative lamp is ON. If this is not the case
then the problem is located on the mains (cables, plugs, outlets, fuses, etc.).
- Check that the yellow led (ie. thermal protection interruption- either over or
undervoltage or short circuit) is not lit.
- Check that the nominal intermittance ratio is correct. In case there is a thermal
protection interruption, wait for the machine to cool down, check that the fan is
working properly.
- Check the mains voltage: if the value is too high or too low the welding machine will
be stopped.
- Check that there is no short-circuit at the output of the machine: if this is the case
eliminate the incovenience.
- Check that all connections of the welding circuit are correct, particularly that the
work clamp is well attached to the workpiece, with no interferring material or
surface-coverings (ie. Paint).
- Protective gas must be of appropriate type (Argon 99.5%) and quantity.
- 8 -
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ITALIANO INDICE
6,&85(==$*(1(5$/(3(5/$6$/'$785$$'$5&2
,1752'8=,21(('(6&5,=,21(*(1(5$/(
2.1 INTRODUZIONE.............................................................................................. 8
2.2 ACCESSORI A RICHIESTA.............................................................................. 8
'$7,7(&1,&,
3.1 TARGA DATI (FIG. A)....................................................................................... 9
3.2 ALTRI DATI TECNICI ....................................................................................... 9
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4.1 SCHEMA A BLOCCHI ..................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 Saldatrice con innesco LIFT (FIG. B)......................................................9
4.2 DISPOSITIVI DI CONTROLLO, REGOLAZIONE E CONNESSIONE ............. 9
4.2.1 Saldatrice COMPATTA con innesco LIFT................................................ 9
4.2.1.1 Pannello anteriore (FIG. C)......................................................... 9
4.2.1.2 Pannello posteriore (FIG. D)....................................................... 9
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5.1 ASSEMBLAGGIO............................................................................................. 9
5.1.1 Assemblaggio cavo di ritorno-pinza (FIG. E)........................................... 9
5.1.2 Assemblaggio cavo di saldatura-pinza portaelettrodo (FIG. F)............... 9
5.2 MODALITÀ DI SOLLEVAMENTO DELLASALDATRICE.................................9
5.3 UBICAZIONE DELLA SALDATRICE................................................................9
5.4 COLLEGAMENTO ALLA RETE........................................................................ 9
5.4.1 Spina e presa..........................................................................................9
5.5 CONNESSIONI DEL CIRCUITO DI SALDATURA........................................... 9
5.5.1 Saldatura TIG.......................................................................................... 9
5.5.2 Saldatura MMA......................................................................................10
6$/'$785$'(6&5,=,21('(/352&(',0(172
6.1 SALDATURA TIG ........................................................................................... 10
6.1.1 Principi generali..................................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Procedimento (innesco LIFT)................................................................10
6.2 SALDATURA MMA......................................................................................... 10
6.2.1 Principi generali..................................................................................... 10
6.2.2 Procedimento........................................................................................ 10
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7.1 MANUTENZIONE ORDINARIA...................................................................... 10
7.1.1 Torcia..................................................................................................... 10
7.2 MANUTENZIONE STRAORDINARIA............................................................ 10
5,&(5&$*8$67,
pag. pag.
- 9 -
- Cavo di ritorno corrente di saldatura completo di morsetto di massa.
'$7,7(&1,&,
7$5*$'$7,),*$
I principali dati relativi all’impiego e alle prestazioni della saldatrice sono riassunti nella
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Grado di protezione dell’involucro.
Simbolo della linea di alimentazione:
1~: tensione alternata monofase;
3~: tensione alternata trifase.
Simbolo S: indica che possono essere eseguite operazioni di saldatura in un
ambiente con rischio accresciuto di shock elettrico (es. in stretta vicinanza di
grandi masse metalliche).
Simbolo del procedimento di saldatura previsto.
Simbolo della struttura interna della saldatrice.
Norma EUROPEA di riferimento per la sicurezza e la costruzione delle saldatrici
ad arco.
1XPHUR GL PDWULFROD SHU O¶LGHQWL¿FD]LRQH GHOOD VDOGDWULFH LQGLVSHQVDELOH SHU
assistenza tecnica, richiesta ricambi, ricerca origine del prodotto).
Prestazioni del circuito di saldatura:
- U: tensione massima a vuoto.
- I/U: Corrente e tensione corrispondente normalizzata che possono venire
erogate dalla saldatrice durante la saldatura.
- X : Rapporto d’intermittenza: indica il tempo durante il quale la saldatrice può
erogare la corrente corrispondente (stessa colonna). Si esprime in %, sulla base
di un ciclo di 10 minuti (es. 60% = 6 minuti di lavoro, 4 minuti sosta e così via).
Nel caso i fattori d’utilizzo (riferiti a 40°C ambiente) vengano superati, si
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E\¿QFKpODVXDWHPSHUDWXUDQRQULHQWUDQHLOLPLWLDPPHVVL
- A/V-A/V : Indica la gamma di regolazione della corrente di saldatura (minimo -
massimo) alla corrispondente tensione d’arco.
Dati caratteristici della linea di alimentazione:
- U: Tensione alternata e frequenza di alimentazione della saldatrice(limiti
ammessi ±10%):
- IPD[ : Corrente massima assorbita dalla linea.
- IHII : Corrente effettiva di alimentazione.
: Valore dei fusibili ad azionamento ritardato da prevedere per la protezione
della linea.
6LPEROL ULIHULWL D QRUPH GL VLFXUH]]D LO FXL VLJQL¿FDWR q ULSRUWDWR QHO FDSLWROR
“Sicurezza generale per la saldatura ad arco”.
1RWD/¶HVHPSLRGLWDUJDULSRUWDWRqLQGLFDWLYRGHOVLJQL¿FDWRGHLVLPEROLHGHOOHFLIUH
i valori esatti dei dati tecnici della saldatrice devono essere rilevati direttamente sulla
targa della saldatrice stessa.
$/75,'$7,7(&1,&,
6$/'$75,&( YHGLWDEHOOD7$%
725&,$ YHGLWDEHOOD7$%
,OSHVRGHOODVDOGDWULFHqULSRUWDWRLQWDEHOOD7$%
'(6&5,=,21('(//$6$/'$75,&(
6&+(0$$%/2&&+,
/D VDOGDWULFH q FRVWLWXLWD HVVHQ]LDOPHQWH GD PRGXOL GL SRWHQ]D H GL FRQWUROOR
UHDOL]]DWLVXFLUFXLWLVWDPSDWLHGRWWLPL]]DWLSHURWWHQHUHPDVVLPDDI¿GDELOLWjHULGRWWD
manutenzione.
6DOGDWULFHFRQLQQHVFR/,)7),*%
,QJUHVVR linea di alimentazione monofase, gruppo raddrizzatore, circuito di
correzione del fattore di potenza (PFC ove previsto) e condensatori di livellamento.
3RQWHVZLWFKLQJDWUDQVLVWRUV,*%7HGULYHUV commuta la tensione di linea
raddrizzata in tensione alternata ad alta frequenza ed effettua la regolazione della
potenza in funzione della corrente/tensione di saldatura richiesta.
7UDVIRUPDWRUHDGDOWDIUHTXHQ]D l'avvolgimento primario viene alimentato con la
tensioneconvertita dal blocco 2; esso halafunzione di adattare tensione ecorrente
ai valori necessari al procedimento di saldatura ad arco e contemporaneamente di
isolare galvanicamente il circuito di saldatura dalla linea di alimentazione.
3RQWHUDGGUL]]DWRUHVHFRQGDULRFRQLQGXWWDQ]DGLOLYHOODPHQWR commuta la
tensione / corrente alternata fornita dall'avvolgimento secondario in corrente /
tensione continua a bassissima ondulazione.
(OHWWURQLFDGLFRQWUROORHUHJROD]LRQH controlla istantaneamente il valore della
corrente di saldatura e lo confronta con il valore impostato dall'operatore; modula
gli impulsi di comando dei drivers degli IGBT che effettuano la regolazione.
/RJLFD GL FRQWUROOR GHO IXQ]LRQDPHQWR GHOOD VDOGDWULFH imposta i cicli di
saldatura, supervisiona i sistemi di sicurezza.
3DQQHOOR GL LPSRVWD]LRQH e visualizzazione dei parametri e dei modi di
funzionamento.
9HQWLODWRUH di raffreddamento della saldatrice.
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6DOGDWULFH&203$77$FRQLQQHVFR/,)7
3DQQHOORDQWHULRUH),*&
3XOVDQWHVHOH]LRQH modi e parametri di funzionamento:
- prima funzione: selezione MMA o TIG.
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Start, Arc Force e ove previsto attivazione / disattivazione dispositivo VRD.
La rapida pressione del pulsante consente di selezionare il parametro da
regolare mediante l’encoder (5) con indicazione sul display (3) del relativo
valore.
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prolungata del pulsante.
+RW6WDUWVXGLVSOD\³KRW;;´
Parametro di regolazione della sovracorrente iniziale (regolazione 0-100%)
con indicazione sul display dell’incremento percentuale rispetto il valore della
corrente di saldatura preselezionata. Questa regolazione facilita l’innesco
dell’arco elettrico.
$UF)RUFHVXGLVSOD\³DUF;;´
Parametro di regolazione della sovracorrente dinamica (regolazione 0-100%)
con indicazione sul display dell’incremento percentuale rispetto il valore della
FRUUHQWHGLVDOGDWXUDSUHVHOH]LRQDWD4XHVWDUHJROD]LRQHPLJOLRUDODÀXLGLWjGHOOD
saldatura ed evita l’incollamento dell’elettrodo al pezzo.
95'VXGLVSOD\³YUG;;´
Dispositivo di riduzione della tensione d’uscita a vuoto (selezione on-off) con
indicazione sul display (3) dispositivo attivo ³YUG21´HGLVSRVLWLYRQRQDWWLYR
³YUG2))´. Questo dispositivo aumenta la sicurezza dell’operatore quando la
VDOGDWULFHqDFFHVDPDQRQLQFRQGL]LRQHGLVDOGDWXUD
1RWD3HULPRGHOOLRYHqSUHYLVWRqSRVVLELOHVFHJOLHUHWUDGLYHUVHFDOLEUD]LRQL
della massima corrente di saldatura disponibile.
CL.1: Calibrazione con riduzione della massima corrente di saldatura (minore
potenza disponibile).
CL.2: Calibrazione senza riduzione della massima corrente di saldatura
(maggiore potenza disponibile).
$WDOHVSHFL¿FDIXQ]LRQHqSRVVLELOH DFFHGHUHWHQHQGRSUHPXWRLOSXOVDQWHGL
selezione durante l’accensione della saldatrice (con chiusura interruttore
generale).
,Q RULJLQH ULVXOWD VHOH]LRQDWD OD &/ q LQROWUH SRVVLELOH HIIHWWXDUH LO UHVHW
generale dei parametri (res ON/OFF).
/¶XVFLWDGDOODSURFHGXUDVLHIIHWWXDLQPRGRDQDORJRDTXDQWRJLjGHVFULWWR
/HGVLPSRVWD]LRQH modi e parametri di funzionamento:
D
OHG¿VVRVHOH]LRQHPRGDOLWj00$
OHGODPSHJJLDQWH regolazione Arc Force, Hot Start, VRD (se previsto).
E
OHG¿VVRVHOH]LRQHPRGDOLWj7,*
'LVSOD\DOIDQXPHULFR
/HGJLDOOR normalmente spento, quando acceso indica il blocco della saldatrice
(la macchina rimane accesa senza erogare corrente) per l’intervento di una delle
seguenti protezioni:
3URWH]LRQHWHUPLFDDOOLQWHUQRGHOODVDOGDWULFHVLqUDJJLXQWDXQDWHPSHUDWXUD
HFFHVVLYD ,O ULSULVWLQR GHOOD QRUPDOH IXQ]LRQDOLWj q DXWRPDWLFR $OODUPH VX
display ³$/´.
3URWH]LRQHSHUVRYUDHVRWWRWHQVLRQHGLOLQHDODWHQVLRQHqIXRULGDOUDQJH
+/- 15% rispetto al valore di targa. Allarme su display ³$/´.
$77(1=,21(6XSHUDUHLOOLPLWHGLWHQVLRQHVXSHULRUHVRSUDFLWDWRGDQQHJJHUj
seriamente il dispositivo.
3URWH]LRQH $17, 67,&. OHOHWWURGR VL q LQFROODWR DO PDWHULDOH GD VDOGDUH q
possibile la rimozione manuale.
,OULSULVWLQRGHOODQRUPDOLWjqDXWRPDWLFR
(QFRGHU per la regolazione dei parametri di saldatura; permette la regolazione
anche durante la saldatura.
3UHVDUDSLGDQHJDWLYD per connettere cavo di saldatura.
3UHVDUDSLGDSRVLWLYD per connettere cavo di saldatura.
3DQQHOORSRVWHULRUH),*'
&DYRGLDOLPHQWD]LRQH 2p + ( ).
,QWHUUXWWRUHJHQHUDOH O/OFF - I/ON (luminoso).
,167$//$=,21(
$77(1=,21((6(*8,5(7877(/(23(5$=,21,',,167$//$=,21(
ED ALLACCIAMENTI ELETTRICI CON LA SALDATRICE RIGOROSAMENTE
63(17$(6&2//(*$7$'$//$5(7(',$/,0(17$=,21(
GLI ALLACCIAMENTI ELETTRICI DEVONO ESSERE ESEGUITI
(6&/86,9$0(17('$3(5621$/((63(572248$/,),&$72
$66(0%/$**,2
$VVHPEODJJLRFDYRGLULWRUQRSLQ]D),*(
$VVHPEODJJLRFDYRGLVDOGDWXUDSLQ]DSRUWDHOHWWURGR),*)
02'$/,7¬',62//(9$0(172'(//$6$/'$75,&(
Tutte le saldatrici descritte in questo manuale devono essere sollevate utilizzando la
maniglia.
8%,&$=,21('(//$6$/'$75,&(
Individuare il luogo d'installazione della saldatrice in modo che non vi siano ostacoli
in corrispondenza della apertura d'ingresso e d'uscita dell'aria di raffreddamento
(circolazione forzata tramite ventilatore); accertarsi nel contempo che non vengano
DVSLUDWHSROYHULFRQGXWWLYHYDSRULFRUURVLYLXPLGLWjHWF
Mantenere almeno 250mm di spazio libero attorno alla saldatrice.
$77(1=,21( 3RVL]LRQDUH OD VDOGDWULFH VX GL XQD VXSHU¿FH SLDQD GL
SRUWDWDDGHJXDWDDOSHVRSHUHYLWDUQHLOULEDOWDPHQWRRVSRVWDPHQWLSHULFRORVL
&2//(*$0(172$//$5(7(
3ULPD GL HIIHWWXDUH TXDOVLDVL FROOHJDPHQWR HOHWWULFR YHUL¿FDUH FKH L GDWL GL WDUJD
della saldatrice corrispondano alla tensione e frequenza di rete disponibili nel luogo
d'installazione.
- La saldatrice deve essere collegata esclusivamente ad un sistema di alimentazione
con conduttore di neutro collegato a terra.
- Per garantire la protezione contro il contatto indiretto usare interuttori differenziali
del tipo:
- Tipo A ( ) per macchine monofasi;
$O¿QHGLVRGGLVIDUHLUHTXLVLWLGHOOD1RUPD(1)OLFNHUVLFRQVLJOLDLO
collegamento della saldatrice ai punti di interfaccia della rete di alimentazione che
presentano un'impedenza minore di Zmax = 0.25 ohm (monofase).
- La saldatrice non rientra nei requisiti della norma IEC/EN 61000-3-12 (modelli
sprovvisti di PFC).
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GHOO¶LQVWDOODWRUHRGHOO¶XWLOL]]DWRUHYHUL¿FDUHFKHODVDOGDWULFHSRVVDHVVHUHFRQQHVVD
(se necessario, consultare il gestore della rete di distribuzione).
6SLQDHSUHVD
- Le saldatrici monofasi con corrente assorbita inferiore o uguale a 16A sono dotate
DOO¶RULJLQHGLFDYRGLDOLPHQWD]LRQHFRQVSLQDQRUPDOL]]DWD37$?9
- Le saldatrici monofasi con corrente assorbita superiore a 16A sono dotate di cavo di
alimentazione da collegare ad una spina normalizzata (2P+T) di portata adeguata.
Predisporre una presa di rete dotata di fusibile o interruttore automatico; l'apposito
terminale di terra deve essere collegato al conduttore di terra (giallo-verde) della
linea di alimentazione.
- La tabella 1 7$% riporta i valori consigliati in ampere dei fusibili ritardati di linea
scelti in base alla max. corrente nominale erogata dalla saldatrice, e alla tensione
nominale di alimentazione.
&211(66,21,'(/&,5&8,72',6$/'$785$
$77(1=,21( 35,0$ ', (6(*8,5( , 6(*8(17, &2//(*$0(17,
ACCERTARSI CHE LA SALDATRICE SIA SPENTA E SCOLLEGATA DALLA RETE
',$/,0(17$=,21(
La Tabella 7$% riporta i valori consigliati per i cavi di saldatura (in mm2) in base
alla massima corrente erogata dalla saldatrice.
6DOGDWXUD7,*
Collegamento torcia
- Inserire il cavo portacorrente nell'apposito morsetto rapido (-). Collegare il tubo gas
della torcia alla bombola.
- 10 -
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9DFROOHJDWRDOSH]]RGDVDOGDUHRDOEDQFRPHWDOOLFRVX FXLqDSSRJJLDWRLOSL
vicino possibile al giunto in esecuzione.
Questo cavo va collegato al morsetto con il simbolo (+).
Collegamento alla bombola gas
- Avvitare il riduttore di pressione alla valvola della bombola gas interponendo, se
necessario, la riduzione apposita fornita come accessorio.
- Collegare il tubo di entrata del gas al riduttore e serrare la fascetta in dotazione.
- Allentare la ghiera di regolazione del riduttore di pressione prima di aprire la valvola
della bombola.
$SULUH OD ERPEROD H UHJRODUH OD TXDQWLWj GL JDV OPLQ VHFRQGR L GDWL RULHQWDWLYL
d'impiego, vedi tabella 7$%HYHQWXDOLDJJLXVWDPHQWLGHOOHIÀXVVRJDVSRWUDQQR
essere eseguiti durante la saldatura agendo sempre sulla ghiera del riduttore di
SUHVVLRQH9HUL¿FDUHODWHQXWDGLWXED]LRQLHUDFFRUGL
$77(1=,21(&KLXGHUHVHPSUHODYDOYRODGHOODERPERODJDVD¿QHODYRUR
6DOGDWXUD00$
/DTXDVLWRWDOLWjGHJOLHOHWWURGLULYHVWLWLYDFROOHJDWDDOSRORSRVLWLYRGHOJHQHUDWRUH
eccezionalmente al polo negativo (-) per elettrodi con rivestimento acido.
&ROOHJDPHQWRFDYRGLVDOGDWXUDSLQ]DSRUWDHOHWWURGR
Porta sul terminale un speciale morsetto che serve a serrare la parte scoperta
dell’elettrodo.
Questo cavo va collegato al morsetto con il simbolo (+).
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9DFROOHJDWRDOSH]]RGDVDOGDUHRDOEDQFRPHWDOOLFRVXFXLqDSSRJJLDWRLOSLYLFLQR
possibile al giunto in esecuzione.
Questo cavo va collegato al morsetto con il simbolo (-).
6$/'$785$'(6&5,=,21('(/352&(',0(172
6$/'$785$7,*
3ULQFLSLJHQHUDOL
/DVDOGDWXUD7,*qXQSURFHGLPHQWRGLVDOGDWXUDFKHVIUXWWDLOFDORUHSURGRWWRGDOODUFR
elettrico che viene innescato, e mantenuto, tra un elettrodo infusibile (Tungsteno)
HGLOSH]]RGDVDOGDUH/HOHWWURGRGL7XQJVWHQRqVRVWHQXWRGDXQDWRUFLDDGDWWDD
trasmettervi la corrente di saldatura e proteggere l'elettrodo stesso ed il bagno di
VDOGDWXUDGDOORVVLGD]LRQHDWPRVIHULFDPHGLDQWHXQÀXVVRGLJDVLQHUWHQRUPDOPHQWH
Argon: Ar 99.5%) che fuoriesce dall'ugello ceramico ),**.
/DVDOGDWXUD7,*'&qDGDWWDDWXWWLJOLDFFLDLDOFDUERQLREDVVROHJDWLHDOWROHJDWLHDL
metalli pesanti rame, nichel, titanio e loro leghe.
3HUODVDOGDWXUDLQ7,*'&FRQHOHWWURGRDOSRORqJHQHUDOPHQWHXVDWROHOHWWURGR
con il 2% di Cerio (banda colorata grigia).
E' necessario appuntire assialmente l'elettrodo di Tungsteno alla mola, vedi ),*
H, avendo cura che la punta sia perfettamente concentrica onde evitare deviazioni
dell'arco. E' importante effettuare la molatura nel senso della lunghezza dell'elettrodo.
7DOH RSHUD]LRQH DQGUj ULSHWXWDSHULRGLFDPHQWHLQIXQ]LRQHGHOOLPSLHJRHGHOOXVXUD
dell'elettrodo oppure quando lo stesso sia stato accidentalmente contaminato,
ossidato oppure impiegato non correttamente.
E' indispensabile per una buona saldatura impiegare l'esatto diametro di elettrodo con
l'esatta corrente, vedi tabella 7$%.
/DVSRUJHQ]DQRUPDOHGHOOHOHWWURGRGDOOXJHOORFHUDPLFRqGLPPHSXzUDJJLXQJHUH
8mm per saldature ad angolo.
La saldatura avviene per fusione dei lembi del giunto. Per spessori sottili
RSSRUWXQDPHQWHSUHSDUDWL¿QRDPPFDQRQVHUYHPDWHULDOHGDSSRUWR),*,.
Per spessori superiori sono necessarie bacchette della stessa composizione del
materiale base e di diametro opportuno, con preparazione adeguata deilembi ),*/.
E' opportuno, per una buona riuscita della saldatura, che i pezzi siano accuratamente
puliti ed esenti da ossido, oli, grassi, solventi, etc.
3URFHGLPHQWRLQQHVFR/,)7
- Regolare la corrente di saldatura al valore desiderato per mezzo della manopola;
adeguare eventualmente durante la saldatura al reale apporto termico necessario.
9HUL¿FDUHLOFRUUHWWRHIÀXVVRGHOJDV
L’accensione dell’arco elettrico avviene con il contatto e l'allontanamento
GHOOHOHWWURGR GL WXQJVWHQR GDO SH]]R GD VDOGDUH 7DOH PRGDOLWj GL LQQHVFR FDXVD
meno disturbi elettro-irradiati e riduce al minimo le inclusioni di tungsteno e l’usura
dell’elettrodo, appoggiare la punta dell'elettrodo sul pezzo, con leggera pressione
e sollevare l'elettrodo di 2-3mm con qualche istante di ritardo, ottenendo così
l'innesco dell'arco. La saldatrice inizialmente eroga una corrente IBASE dopo qualche
LVWDQWHYHUUjHURJDWDODFRUUHQWHGLVDOGDWXUDLPSRVWDWD
- Per interrompere la saldatura sollevare rapidamente l’elettrodo dal pezzo.
6$/'$785$00$
3ULQFLSLJHQHUDOL
- E' indispensabile, rifarsi alle indicazioni del fabbricante riportate sulla confezione
GHJOLHOHWWURGLXWLOL]]DWLLQGLFDQWLODFRUUHWWDSRODULWjGHOOHOHWWURGRHODUHODWLYDFRUUHQWH
ottimale.
- La corrente di saldatura va regolata in funzione del diametro dell'elettrodo utilizzato
ed al tipo di giunto che si desidera eseguire; a titolo indicativo le correnti utilizzabili
per i vari diametri di elettrodo sono:
Elettrodo (mm) Corrente di saldatura (A)
0LQ 0D[
1.6 25 50
24080
2.5 60 110
3.2 80 160
4 120 200
5 150 250
6LRVVHUYLFKHDSDULWjGLGLDPHWURGHOO¶HOHWWURGRYDORULHOHYDWLGLFRUUHQWHVDUDQQR
utilizzati per saldature in piano, mentre per saldature in verticale o sopratesta
GRYUDQQRHVVHUHXWLOL]]DWHFRUUHQWLSLEDVVH
- Le caratteristiche meccaniche del giunto saldato sono determinate, oltre che
GDOO¶LQWHQVLWj GL FRUUHQWH VFHOWD GDJOL DOWUL SDUDPHWUL GL VDOGDWXUD TXDOL OXQJKH]]D
GHOO¶DUFRYHORFLWjHSRVL]LRQHGLHVHFX]LRQHGLDPHWURHTXDOLWjGHJOLHOHWWURGLSHU
XQD FRUUHWWD FRQVHUYD]LRQH PDQWHQHUH JOL HOHWWURGL DO ULSDUR GDOO¶XPLGLWj SURWHWWL
dalle apposite confezioni o contenitori).
- Le caratteristiche della saldatura dipendono anche dal valore di Arc Force
FRPSRUWDPHQWR GLQDPLFR GHOOD VDOGDWULFH 7DOH SDUDPHWUR q LPSRVWDELOH
RYH SUHYLVWR GD SDQQHOOR RSSXUH q LPSRVWDELOH FRQ FRPDQGR D GLVWDQ]D D
potenziometri.
- Si osservi che valori alti di Arc Force danno maggior penetrazione e permettono la
saldatura in qualsiasi posizione tipicamente con elettrodi basici, valori bassi di Arc
)RUFHSHUPHWWRQRXQDUFRSLPRUELGRHSULYRGLVSUX]]LWLSLFDPHQWHFRQHOHWWURGL
rutili.
/D VDOGDWULFH q LQROWUH HTXLSDJJLDWD GL GLVSRVLWLYL +RW 6WDUW H $QWL 6WLFN FKH
garantiscono rispettivamente partenze facili e assenza di incollamento dell’elettrodo
al pezzo.
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2.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................11
2.2 ACCESSOIRES SUR DEMANDE..................................................................12
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3.1 PLAQUETTE INFORMATIONS (FIG. A)........................................................ 12
3.2 AUTRES INFORMATIONS TECHNIQUES.................................................... 12
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4.1 SCHÉMA BLOCS .......................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Poste de soudage avec amorçage LIFT (FIG. B).................................. 12
4.2 DISPOSITIFS DE CONTRÔLE, RÉGLAGE ET CONNEXION ...................... 12
4.2.1 Poste de soudage COMPACT avec amorçage LIFT............................. 12
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5.1 ASSEMBLAGE............................................................................................... 12
5.1.1 Assemblage du câble de retour-pince (FIG. E)..................................... 12
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5.2 MODALITÉ DE SOULÈVEMENT DU POSTE DE SOUDAGE....................... 12
5.3 EMPLACEMENT DU POSTE DE SOUDAGE................................................ 12
5.4 BRANCHEMENT AU RÉSEAU...................................................................... 12
5.4.1 Fiche et prise......................................................................................... 12
5.5 CONNEXIONS DU CIRCUIT DE SOUDAGE................................................. 13
5.5.1 Soudage TIG......................................................................................... 13
5.5.2 Soudage MMA.......................................................................................13
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6.2 SOUDAGE MMA............................................................................................ 13
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7.1.1 Torche.................................................................................................... 13
7.2 ENTRETIEN EXTRAORDINAIRE.................................................................. 13
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pag. pag.
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2.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................... 15
2.2 ACCESORIOS OPCIONALES ....................................................................... 16
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4.1 ESQUEMA DE BLOQUES ............................................................................16
4.1.1 Soldadora con cebado LIFT (FIGURAB).............................................. 16
4.2 DISPOSITIVOS DE CONTROL, REGULACIÓN Y CONEXIÓN.................... 16
4.2.1 Soldadora COMPACTA con cebado LIFT............................................. 16
4.2.1.1 Panel delantero (FIGURA C) ....................................................16
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5.2 MODALIDAD DE LEVANTAMIENTO DE LA SOLDADORA........................... 16
5.3 UBICACIÓN DE LA SOLDADORA................................................................. 16
5.4 CONEXIÓN A LA RED ................................................................................... 16
5.4.1 Enchufe y toma de corriente ................................................................. 16
5.5 CONEXIONES DEL CIRCUITO DE SOLDADURA........................................ 17
5.5.1 Soldadura TIG....................................................................................... 17
5.5.2 Soldadura MMA.....................................................................................17
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6.1 SOLDADURA TIG .......................................................................................... 17
6.1.1 Principios generales..............................................................................17
6.1.2 Procedimiento (cebado LIFT) ............................................................... 17
6.2 SOLDADURA MMA........................................................................................ 17
6.2.1 Principios generales..............................................................................17
6.2.2 Procedimiento ....................................................................................... 17
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7.1 MANTENIMIENTO ORDINARIO.................................................................... 17
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PRECAUCIONES SUPLEMENTARIAS
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para determinar si existe un riesgo y pueda adoptar medidas de protección
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revestidos (rutilos, ácidos, básicos).
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Laregulación consistema“inverter” enlaentrada delalínea de alimentación(primario)
además determina una reducción drástica de volumen, tanto del transformador
como de la reactancia de nivelación, permitiendo la construcción de una soldadora
de volumen y peso extremadamente reducidos, exaltando sus capacidades de
maniobrabilidad y transportabilidad.
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- kit soldadura MMA.
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- Reductor de presión.
- Antorcha TIG.
0iVFDUDDXWRRVFXUDQWHFRQ¿OWUR¿MRRDMXVWDEOH
- Cable de retorno de la corriente de soldadura completo con borne de masa.
'$7267e&1,&26
&+$3$'('$726),*$
Los principales datos relativos al empleo y a las prestaciones de la soldadora se
UHVXPHQHQODFKDSDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRQHOVLJXLHQWHVLJQL¿FDGR
Grado de protección del envoltorio.
Símbolo de la línea de alimentación:
1~: tensión alterna monofásica;
3~: tensión alterna trifásica.
Símbolo S: indica que pueden efectuarse operaciones de soldadura en un
DPELHQWHFRQULHVJRDXPHQWDGRGHGHVFDUJDHOpFWULFDHMHPSORFHUFDGHJUDQGHV
masas metálicas).
Símbolo del procedimiento de soldadura previsto.
Símbolo de la estructura interna de la soldadora.
Norma EUROPEAde referencia para la seguridad y la fabricación de las máquinas
para soldadura por arco.
1~PHURGHPDWUtFXODSDUDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODVROGDGRUDLQGLVSHQVDEOHSDUDOD
DVLVWHQFLDWpFQLFDVROLFLWXGGHUHFDPELRE~VTXHGDGHORULJHQGHOSURGXFWR
Prestaciones del circuito de soldadura:
- U: tensión máxima en vacío.
- I/U: Corriente y tensión correspondiente normalizada que pueden ser
distribuidas por la soldadora durante la soldadura.
- X : Relación de intermitencia: indica el tiempo durante el cual la soldadora
puede distribuir la corriente correspondiente (misma columna). Se expresa en
VREUHODEDVHGHXQFLFORGHPLQXWRVSRUHMHPSOR PLQXWRVGH
WUDEDMRPLQXWRVSDUDGD\DVtVXFHVLYDPHQWH
En el caso que los factores de utilización sean superados (de chapa, referidos
D & DPELHQWH VH SURGXFLUi OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ GH OD SURWHFFLyQ WpUPLFD OD
soldadora permanece en stand-by hasta que su temperatura entra dentro de los
límites admitidos).
- A/V-A/V : Indica la gama de regulación de la corriente de soldadura (mínimo -
máximo) a la correspondiente tensión de arco.
Datos de las características de la línea de alimentación:
- U: Tensión alterna y frecuencia de alimentación de la soldadora /límites
admitidos ±10%).
- IPD[ : Corriente máxima absorbida por la línea.
- IHII : Corriente efectiva de alimentación.
: Valor de los fusibles de accionamiento retardado a preparar para la
protección de la línea.
6tPERORVUHIHULGRVDQRUPDVGHVHJXULGDGFX\RVLJQL¿FDGRVHLQGLFDHQHOFDStWXOR
1 ”Seguridad general para la soldadura por arco”.
1RWD(OHMHPSORGHFKDSDLQFOXLGRHVXQDLQGLFDFLyQGHOVLJQL¿FDGRGHORVVtPERORV\
GHODVFLIUDVORVYDORUHVH[DFWRVGHORVGDWRVWpFQLFRVGHODVROGDGRUDHQVXSRVHVLyQ
deben controlarse directamente en la chapa de la misma soldadora.
27526'$7267e&1,&26
62/'$'25$ YHDWDEOD7$%
623/(7( YHDWDEOD7$%
(OSHVRGHODVROGDGRUDVHLQGLFDHQODWDEOD7$%
'(6&5,3&,Ï1'(/$62/'$'25$
(648(0$'(%/248(6
La soldadora está constituida esencialmente por módulos de potencia y de control
UHDOL]DGRVHQFLUFXLWRVLPSUHVRV\RSWLPL]DGRVSDUDREWHQHUXQDPi[LPD¿DELOLGDG\
un mantenimiento reducido.
6ROGDGRUDFRQFHEDGR/,)7),*85$%
(QWUDGD OtQHD GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ PRQRIiVLFD JUXSR UHFWL¿FDGRU FLUFXLWR GH
corrección del factor de potencia (PFC si está presente) y condensadores de
nivelación.
3XHQWHVZLWFKLQJGHWUDQVLVWRUHV,*%7\GULYHUV conmuta la tensión de línea
UHFWL¿FDGDHQWHQVLyQDOWHUQDGDGHDOWDIUHFXHQFLD\HIHFW~DODUHJXODFLyQGHOD
potencia en función de la corriente/tensión de soldadura pedida.
7UDQVIRUPDGRU GH DOWD IUHFXHQFLD el bobinado primario se alimenta con
OD WHQVLyQ FRQYHUWLGD GHO EORTXH pVWH WLHQH OD IXQFLyQ GH DGDSWDU WHQVLyQ \
corriente a los valores necesarios al procedimiento de soldadura de arco y,
contemporáneamente, de aislar galvánicamente el circuito de soldadura de la
línea de alimentación.
3XHQWH UHFWL¿FDGRU VHFXQGDULR FRQ LQGXFWDQFLD GH QLYHODFLyQ conmuta la
tensión/corriente alterna suministrada por el bobinado secundario en corriente/
WHQVLyQFRQWLQXDDEDMtVLPDRQGXODFLyQ
(OHFWUyQLFDGHFRQWURO\UHJXODFLyQ controla instantáneamente el valor de la
FRUULHQWH GH VROGDGXUD \ OR FRPSDUD FRQ HO YDORU FRQ¿JXUDGR SRU HO RSHUDGRU
modula los impulsos de control de los drivers de los IGBT que realizan la
regulación.
/yJLFDGHFRQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODVROGDGRUDFRQ¿JXUDORVFLFORVGH
soldadura; supervisa los sistemas de seguridad.
3DQHO GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ y visualización de los parámetros y de los modos de
funcionamiento.
9HQWLODGRU de refrigeración de la soldadora.
',6326,7,926'(&21752/5(*8/$&,Ï1<&21(;,Ï1
6ROGDGRUD&203$&7$FRQFHEDGR/,)7
3DQHOGHODQWHUR),*85$&
3XOVDGRUGHVHOHFFLyQ modos y parámetros de funcionamiento:
- primera función: selecciona MMA o TIG.
- segunda función (presión prolongada en modalidad MMA): regulación Hot Start,
Arc Force y donde previsto activación/desactivación del dispositivo VRD.
La presión rápida del pulsador permite seleccionar el parámetro que hay que
UHJXODU D WUDYpV GHO HQFRGHU FRQ OD LQGLFDFLyQ HQ HO GLVSOD\ GHO YDORU
correspondiente.
Para salir de este procedimiento de regulación, es necesaria la presión
prolongada del pulsador.
+RW6WDUWHQHOGLVSOD\³KRW;;´
Parámetro de regulación de la sobrecorriente inicial (regulación 0-100%) con
LQGLFDFLyQHQHOGLVSOD\GHOLQFUHPHQWRHQSRUFHQWDMHFRQUHVSHFWRDOYDORUGH
la corriente de soldadura preseleccionada. Esta regulación facilita el cebado del
DUFRHOpFWULFR
$UF)RUFHHQHOGLVSOD\³DUF;;´
Parámetro de regulación de la sobrecorriente dinámica (regulación 0-100%) con
LQGLFDFLyQHQHOGLVSOD\GHOLQFUHPHQWRHQSRUFHQWDMHFRQUHVSHFWRDOYDORUGHOD
FRUULHQWHGHVROGDGXUDSUHVHOHFFLRQDGD(VWDUHJXODFLyQPHMRUDODÀXLGH]GHOD
soldadura y evita el encolado del electrodo en la pieza.
95'HQHOGLVSOD\³YUG;;´
Dispositivo de reducción de la tensión de salida en vacío (selección on-off)
con indicación en el display (3); dispositivo activo ³YUG21´\GLVSRVLWLYRQR
DFWLYR³YUG2))´. Este dispositivo aumenta la seguridad del operador cuando
la soldadora se encuentra encendida, pero no en condición de soldadura.
1RWD Para los modelos en que se ha previsto, es posible escoger entre 2
calibraciones diferentes de la corriente máxima de soldadura disponible.
CL.1: Calibración con reducción de la corriente de soldadura máxima (potencia
menor disponible).
CL.2: Calibración sin reducción de la corriente máxima de soldadura (mayor de
la potencia disponible).
$HVWDIXQFLyQHVSHFt¿DHVSRVLEOHDFFHGHUPDQWHQLHQGRDSUHWDGRHOSXOVDGRU
de selección durante el encendido de la soldadora (con cierre del interruptor
general).
En origen resulta seleccionada la CL.1 además es posible realizar el reset
general de los parámetros (res ON/OFF).
La salida del procedimiento se realiza de forma análoga a lo que ya se ha
descrito.
/HGVGHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQ de los modos y de los parámetros de funcionamiento:
D
OHG¿MR selección de la modalidad MMA.
OHGGHVWHOODQWHregulación Arc Force, Hot Start, VRD (si previsto).
E
OHG¿MR selección modalidad TIG.
'LVSOD\DOIDQXPpULFR
/HGDPDULOORnormalmente apagado; cuando se encuentra encendido indica el
bloqueo de la soldadora (la máquina queda encendida sin generar corriente) por
la intervención de una de las protecciones siguientes.
3URWHFFLyQ WpUPLFD en el interior de la soldadora se ha alcanzado una
temperatura excesiva. El restablecimiento del funcionamiento normal es
automático. Alarma en el display ³$/´.
3URWHFFLyQSDUDVREUHWHQVLyQ\VXEWHQVLyQGHOtQHD la tensión se encuentra
fuera del intervalo +/-15% con respecto al valor indicado en la placa. Alarma en
el display ³$/´.
$7(1&,Ï1 Superar el antedicho límite de tensión superior daña seriamente el
dispositivo.
3URWHFFLyQ$17,67,&. el electrodo se ha encolado al material que tiene que
soldarse, es posible la remoción manual.
El restablecimiento de la normalidad es automático.
(QFRGHU para la regulación de los parámetros de soldadura; permite la regulación
WDPELpQGXUDQWHODVROGDGXUD
7RPDUiSLGDQHJDWLYD para conectar el cable de soldadura.
7RPDUiSLGDSRVLWLYD para conectar el cable de soldadura.
3DQHOWUDVHUR),*85$'
&DEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ 2 fases + ( ).
,QWHUUXSWRUJHQHUDO O/OFF - I/ON (luminoso).
,167$/$&,Ï1
£$7(1&,Ï1(-(&87$572'$6/$623(5$&,21(6'(,167$/$&,Ï1
< &21(;,21(6 (/e&75,&$6 &21 /$ 62/'$'25$ 5,*8526$0(17(
$3$*$'$<'(6&21(&7$'$'(/$5(''($/,0(17$&,Ï1
LAS CONEXIONES ELÉCTRICAS DEBEN SER EJECUTADAS EXCLUSIVAMENTE
3253(5621$/(;3(5722&$3$&,7$'2
0217$-(
0RQWDMHGHOFDEOHGHUHWRUQRGHODSLQ]D),*85$(
0RQWDMHGHOFDEOHGHVROGDGXUDSLQ]DSRUWDHOHFWURGR),*85$)
02'$/,'$''(/(9$17$0,(172'(/$62/'$'25$
Todas las soldadoras que se describen en el presente manual tienen que levantarse
utilizando la manilla.
8%,&$&,Ï1'(/$62/'$'25$
,GHQWL¿FDUHOOXJDUGHLQVWDODFLyQGHODVROGDGRUDFRQHO¿QGHTXHQRKD\DREVWiFXORV
en correspondencia de la abertura de entrada y de salida del aire de refrigeración
(circulación forzada mediante ventilador); al mismo tiempo, comprobar que no se
aspiren polvos conductivos, vapores corrosivos, humedad, etc..
Mantener por lo menos 250 mm de espacio libre alrededor de la soldadora. .
£$7(1&,Ï1 3RVLFLRQDU OD VROGDGRUD HQ XQD VXSHU¿FLH SODQD
GH FDSDFLGDG GH FDUJD DGHFXDGD SDUD HO SHVR SDUD HYLWDU VX YXHOFR R
GHVSOD]DPLHQWRVSHOLJURVRV
&21(;,Ï1$/$5('
$QWHVGHUHDOL]DUFXDOTXLHUFRQH[LyQHOpFWULFDFRPSUREDUTXHORVGDWRVGHSODFD
de la soldadora correspondan a la tensión y a la frecuencia de red disponibles en el
lugar de instalación.
- La soldadora debe conectarse exclusivamente a un sistema de alimentación con
conductor de neutro conectado a tierra.
- Para garantizar la protección contra el contacto indirecto, utilizar interruptores
diferenciales del tipo:
- Tipo A ( ) para máquinas monofásicas;
&RQHO¿QGHFXPSOLUORVUHTXLVLWRVGHOD1RUPD(1)OLFNHUVHDFRQVHMD
la conexión de la soldadora a los puntos de interfaz de la red de alimentación que
presentan una impedancia menor de Zmáx = 0.25 ohmios (monofásica).
- La soldadora no cumple los requisitos de la norma IEC/EN 61000-3-12 (modelos sin
PFC).
Si la misma se conecta a una red de alimentación pública, es responsabilidad
del instalador o del usuario comprobar que la soldadora pueda conectarse (si
necesario, consultar el gestor de la red de distribución).
(QFKXIH\WRPDGHFRUULHQWH
- Las soldadoras monofásica con corriente absorbida inferior o igual a 16A se han
equipado en el origen con un cable de alimentación con enchufe normalizado
(2P+T) 16A/250 V.
- Las soldadoras monofásicas con corriente absorbida superior a 16A se han
equipadocon cabledealimentación que hayque conectar aun enchufe normalizado
(2P+T) de capacidad adecuada. Preparar una toma de corriente de red equipada
con fusible o interruptor automático; el terminal de tierra correspondiente debe
conectarse al conductor de tierra (amarillo-verde) de la línea de alimentación.
- La tabla 1 (7$%/$ FRQWLHQH ORV YDORUHV DFRQVHMDGRV HQ DPSHULRV GH ORV
fusibles retrasados de línea elegidos en función de la corriente máxima nominal
- 17 -
VXPLQLVWUDGDSRUODVROGDGRUD\GHODWHQVLyQQRPLQDOGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHOpFWULFD
&21(;,21(6'(/&,5&8,72'(62/'$'85$
¡$7(1&,Ï1 $17(6 '( 5($/,=$5 /$6 6,*8,(17(6 &21(;,21(6
&20352%$5 48( /$ 62/'$'25$ 6( (1&8(175( $3$*$'$ <
'(6&21(&7$'$'(/$5(''($/,0(17$&,Ï1(/e&75,&$
La Tabla (7$%/$FRQWLHQHORVYDORUHVDFRQVHMDGRVSDUDORVFDEOHVGHVROGDGXUD
(en mm2), en función de la corriente máxima generada por la soldadora.
6ROGDGXUD7,*
&RQH[LyQGHODDQWRUFKD
- Introducir el cable portacorriente en el borne rápido correspondiente (-).Conectar el
tubo gas de la antorcha a la bombona.
Conexión del cable de retorno de la corriente de soldadura
- Tiene que conectarse a la pieza que debe soldarse o al banco metálico en que se
KDDSR\DGRORPiVFHUFDSRVLEOHGHODMXQWDHQHMHFXFLyQ
Este cable tiene que conectarse al borne con el símbolo (+).
Conexión a la bombona del gas
- Atornillar el reductor de presión a la válvula de la bombona del gas interponiendo,
VLQHFHVDULRODUHGXFFLyQHVSHFt¿FDHQWUHJDGDFRPRDFFHVRULR
- Conectar el tubo de entrada del gas al reductor y apretar la abrazadera entregada.
$ÀRMDUODYLURODGHUHJXODFLyQGHOUHGXFWRUGHSUHVLyQDQWHVGHDEULUODYiOYXODGHOD
bombona.
- Abrir la bombona y regular la cantidad de gas (l/min) en función de los datos
LQGLFDWLYRVGHHPSOHRYpDVHODWDEOD7$%/$ORVSRVLEOHVDMXVWHVGHODVDOLGD
GHJDVSRGUiQHMHFXWDUVHGXUDQWHODVROGDGXUDVLHPSUHDFWXDQGRHQODYLURODGHO
reductor de presión. Controlar la retención de tuberías y racores.
£$7(1&,Ï16LHPSUHFHUUDUODYiOYXODGHODERPERQDGHOJDVDODWHUPLQDFLyQ
GHOWUDEDMR
6ROGDGXUD00$
La casi totalidad de los electrodos revestidos tiene que conectarse al polo positivo
(+) del generador, y excepcionalmente al polo negativo (-), para electrodos con
revestimiento ácido.
&RQH[LyQGHOFDEOHGHVROGDGXUDSLQ]DSRUWDHOHFWURGR
Tiene en el terminal un borne especial que sirve para apretar la parte descubierta del
electrodo.
Este cable tiene que conectarse al borne con el símbolo (+).
Conexión del cable de retorno de la corriente de soldadura
Tiene que conectarse a la pieza que debe soldarse o al banco metálico en que se ha
DSR\DGRORPiVFHUFDSRVLEOHGHODMXQWDHQHMHFXFLyQ
Este cable tiene que conectarse al borne con el símbolo (-).
62/'$'85$'(6&5,3&,Ï1'(/352&(',0,(172
62/'$'85$7,*
3ULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHV
La soldadura TIG es un procedimiento de soldadura que explota el calor producido por
HODUFRHOpFWULFRTXHVHFHED\PDQWLHQHHQWUHXQHOHFWURGRQRIXQGLEOH7XQJVWHQR
y la pieza que tiene que soldarse. El electrodo de Tungsteno es soportado por una
antorcha apta a transmitir la corriente de soldadura y proteger el electrodo mismo y
HOEDxRGHVROGDGXUDGHODR[LGDFLyQDWPRVIpULFDDWUDYpVGHXQÀXMRGHJDVLQHUWH
(normalmente Argón: Ar 99.5%) que sale de la tobera cerámica ),*85$*
/DVROGDGXUD7,*'&HVDSWDSDUDWRGRVORVDFHURVDOFDUERQREDMRDOHDGRV\DOWR
aleados y a los metales pesados, como cobre, níquel, titanio y sus aleaciones.
Para la soldadura de TiG DC con electrodo en el polo (-) normalmente se utiliza el
electrodo con el 2% de Cerio (banda de colores gris).
Hay que sacarle longitudinalmente punta al electrodo de Tungsteno con una muela,
YpDVHODFIGURAHSUHVWDQGRDWHQFLyQDTXHODSXQWDVHDSHUIHFWDPHQWHFRQFpQWULFD
SDUDHYLWDUGHVYLDFLRQHVGHODUFR(VLPSRUWDQWH HMHFXWDUHODPRODGRHQHOVHQWLGR
de la longitud del electrodo. Esta operación tendrá que repetirse periódicamente en
función de la aplicación y del desgaste del electrodo, o bien cuando el mismo se haya
contaminado accidentalmente, oxidado o bien se haya utilizado no correctamente.
Para una buena soldadura es imprescindible utilizar el diámetro exacto de electrodo
FRQODFRUULHQWHH[DFWDYpDVHODWDEOD7$%/$.
La saliente normal del electrodo de la tobera cerámica es de 2-3 mm y puede alcanzar
los 8 mm para las soldaduras en ángulo.
/D VROGDGXUD VH REWLHQH SRU IXVLyQ GH ORV PiUJHQHV GH OD MXQWD 3DUD HVSHVRUHV
sutiles oportunamente preparados (hasta aproximadamente 1 mm), no sirve material
de aporte ),*85$,
Para espesores superiores, son necesarias varitas de la misma composición del
material básico y de diámetro oportuno, con una preparación adecuada de los
márgenes (FIGURA L). Es oportuno, para un buen logro de la soldadura, que las
SLH]DVVHKD\DQOLPSLDGRFXLGDGRVDPHQWH\HVWpQOLEUHVGHy[LGRVDFHLWHVJUDVDV
disolventes, etc.
3URFHGLPLHQWRFHEDGR/,)7
- Regular la corriente de soldadura al valor deseado por medio de la manilla; si
QHFHVDULRDGDSWDUGXUDQWHODVROGDGXUDDODSRUWHWpUPLFRUHDOPHQWHQHFHVDULR
- Controlar la correcta salida del gas.
(OHQFHQGLGRGHODUFRHOpFWULFRRFXUUHFRQHOFRQWDFWR\HODOHMDPLHQWRGHOHOHFWURGR
de tungsteno de la pieza que hay que soldar. Esta modalidad de cebado causa
menos disturbios electro-irradiados y reduce al mínimo las inclusiones de tungsteno
y el desgaste del electrodo; apoyar la punta del electrodo en la pieza, con una ligera
presión, y levantar el electrodo de 2-3 mm con algunos instantes de retrasos; de
esta forma se obtiene el cebado del arco. La soldadora inicialmente genera una
corriente IBASEGHVSXpVGHDOJXQRVLQVWDQWHVVHJHQHUDUiODFRUULHQWHGHVROGDGXUD
FRQ¿JXUDGD
- Para interrumpir la soldadura, levantar rápidamente el electrodo de la pieza.
62/'$'85$00$
3ULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHV
- Es imprescindible observar las indicaciones del constructor que se encuentran en el
paquete de los electrodos utilizados, que indican la polaridad correcta del electrodo
y la corriente óptima correspondiente.
- La corriente de soldadura tiene que regularse en función del diámetro del electrodo
XWLOL]DGR\DOWLSRGHMXQWDTXHVHGHVHDHMHFXWDUDWtWXORLQGLFDWLYRODVFRUULHQWHV
que pueden utilizarse para los varios diámetros de electrodo son:
Electrodo (mm) Corriente de soldadura (A)
0tQ 0i[
1.6 25 50
24080
2.5 60 110
3.2 80 160
4 120 200
5 150 250
- Observar que a paridad de diámetro del electrodo, valores elevados de corriente se
utilizarán para soldaduras en plano, mientras que para las soldaduras en vertical o
DUULEDGHODFDEH]DKD\TXHXWLOL]DUFRUULHQWHVPiVEDMDV
/DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PHFiQLFDV GH OD MXQWD VROGDGD VH GHWHUPLQDQ DGHPiV TXH
a partir de la intensidad de corriente elegida, a partir de los otros parámetros de
VROGDGXUDFRPRORQJLWXGGHODUFRYHORFLGDG\SRVLFLyQGHHMHFXFLyQGLiPHWUR\
calidad de los electrodos (para una conservación correcta mantener los electrodos
SURWHJLGRVGHODKXPHGDGXWLOL]DQGRORVHVSHFt¿FRVSDTXHWHVRFRQWHQHGRUHV
/DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD VROGDGXUD WDPELpQ GHSHQGHQ GHO YDORU GH $UF )RUFH
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GLQiPLFR GH OD VROGDGRUD (VWH SDUiPHWUR SXHGH FRQ¿JXUDUVH
FXDQGRSUHYLVWRHQHOSDQHORELHQSXHGHFRQ¿JXUDUVHFRQHOFRQWURODGLVWDQFLD
de 2 potenciómetro.
- Observar que valores altos de Arc Force dan una mayor penetración y permiten la
VROGDGXUDHQFXDOTXLHUSRVLFLyQWtSLFDPHQWHFRQHOHFWURGRVEiVLFRVYDORUHVEDMRV
de Arc Force permiten un arco más suave y libre de salpicaduras, típicamente con
electrodos rutiles.
La soldadora además se ha equipado con dispositivos Hot Start y Anti Stick
que garantizan, respectivamente, arranques fáciles y ausencia de encolado del
electrodo en la pieza.
3URFHGLPLHQWR
- Manteniendo la máscara DELANTE DEL ROSTRO, fregar la punta del electrodo en
ODSLH]DTXHWLHQHTXHVROGDUVHHMHFXWDQGRXQPRYLPLHQWRFRPRVLVHWXYLHUDTXH
HQFHQGHUXQDFHULOODpVWHHVHOPpWRGRPiVFRUUHFWRSDUDFHEDUHODUFRFXDQGR
previsto, con el dispositivo VRD activo, el cebado del arco se obtiene poniendo
HQ FRQWDFWR HO HOpFWULFR FRQ OD SLH]D TXH WLHQH TXH VROGDUVH \ OXHJR DOHMiQGROR
rápidamente.
¡ATENCIÓN!: NO GOLPEAR la pieza con el electrodo; se correría el riesgo de
dañar su revestimiento, volviendo difícil el cebado del arco.
,QPHGLDWDPHQWH GHVSXpV GHO FHEDGR GHO DUFR LQWHQWDU PDQWHQHU XQD GLVWDQFLD
desde la pieza equivalente al diámetro del electrodo utilizado, y mantener esta
GLVWDQFLDORPiVFRQVWDQWHSRVLEOHGXUDQWHODHMHFXFLyQGHODVROGDGXUDUHFRUGDU
que la inclinación del electrodo en el sentido del avance tendrá que ser de unos
20-30 grados.
- A la terminación del cordón de soldadura, llevar la extremidad del electrodo un
poco atrás con respecto a la dirección de avance, arriba del cráter, para efectuar el
llenado; luego levantar rápidamente el electrodo del baño de fusión para obtener el
apagado del arco (Aspectos del cordón de soldadura - FIGURA M).
0$17(1,0,(172
£$7(1&,Ï1$17(6'(()(&78$5/$623(5$&,21(6'(
0$17(1,0,(172$6(*85$56('(48(/$62/'$'25$(67e$3$*$'$<
'(6&21(&7$'$'(/$5(''($/,0(17$&,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(17225',1$5,2
LAS OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO ORDINARIO PUEDEN SER
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6RSOHWH
- Evitar apoyar el soplete y su cable en piezas a alta temperatura; esto causaría la
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- Comprobar periódicamente la estanqueidad de las tuberías y racores de gas.
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con el diámetro del electrodo elegido para evitar un recalentamiento, una mala
difusión del gas y el consiguiente funcionamiento anómalo.
- Controlar, antes de cada utilización, si las partes terminales del soplete están
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difusor de gas.
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LAS OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO EXTRAORDINARIO TIENEN QUE SER
EJECUTADAS EXCLUSIVAMENTE POR PERSONAL EXPERTO O CAPACITADO
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con partes en tensión y/o lesiones debidas al contacto directo con órganos en
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- Periódicamente y en cualquier caso con una cierta frecuencia en función de la
utilización y del nivel de polvo del ambiente, revisar el interior de la soldadora y
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disolventes adecuados.
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- Evitar absolutamente efectuar operaciones de soldadura con la soldadora abierta.
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conexiones y los cableados como eran originariamente, prestando atención a que
los mismos no entren en contacto con partes en movimiento o componentes que
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lo estaban originariamente, prestando atención a mantener bien separadas las
conexiones del primario de alta tensión con respecto a los conductores secundarios
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Utilizar todas las arandelas y los tornillos originales para volver a cerrar la carcasa
de la máquina.
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ENELCASO DE FUNCIONAMIENTOINSATISFACTORIO,YANTESDE EFECTUAR
- 18 -
COMPROBACIONES MAS SISTEMATICAS, O DIRIGIRSE A VUESTRO CENTRO
DE ASISTENCIA, COMPROBAR QUE:
- La corriente de soldadura sea adecuada al diámetro y al tipo de electrodo utilizado.
- Con el interruptor general en ”ON”, se enciende la lámpara correspondiente; en
caso contrario, el defecto normalmente reside en la línea de alimentación (cables,
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- No está iluminado el led amarillo que señaliza la intervención de la seguridad
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- Ha sido observada la relación de intermitencia nominal; en caso de intervención de
la protección termostática es preciso esperar el enfriamiento natural de la máquina;
compruebe la funcionalidad del ventilador.
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soldadora queda bloqueada.
- Compruebe que no hay cortocircuito a la salida de la máquina; en tal caso proceda
a la eliminación de este inconveniente.
- Las conexiones del circuito de soldadura se efectúan correctamente,
SDUWLFXODUPHQWHTXHODSLQ]DGHOFDEOHGHPDVDHVWpHIHFWLYDPHQWHFRQHFWDGDDOD
SLH]D\VLQLQWHUSRVLFLyQGHPDWHULDOHVDLVODQWHVSHM%DUQLFHV
(OJDVGHSURWHFFLyQXVDGRVHDFRUUHFWR$UJyQ\HQODMXVWDFDQWLGDG
- 19 -
DEUTSCH INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
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2.1 EINFÜHRUNG ............................................................................................... 19
2.2 SONDERZUBEHÖR ...................................................................................... 20
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3.1 TYPENSCHILD MIT DEN GERÄTEDATEN (ABB. A).................................... 20
3.2 SONSTIGE TECHNISCHE DATEN................................................................ 20
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4.1 BLOCKSCHEMA ........................................................................................... 20
4.1.1 Schweißmaschine mit LIFT-Zündung (ABB. B)..................................... 20
4.2 STEUERUNGS- REGELUNGS- UND VERBINDUNGSEINRICHTUNGEN .. 20
4.2.1 KOMPAKTE Schweißmaschine mit LIFT-Zündung...............................20
4.2.1.1 Vordere Tafel (ABB. C)..............................................................20
4.2.1.2 Hintere Tafel (ABB. D)............................................................... 20
,167$//$7,21
5.1 ZUSAMMENBAU ........................................................................................... 20
5.1.1 Zusammensetzen Rückleitungskabel - Zange (ABB. E)....................... 20
5.1.2 Zusammensetzen Schweißkabel - Elektrodenzange (ABB. F) ............. 20
5.2 ANHEBEN DER SCHWEISSMASCHINE ...................................................... 20
5.3 STANDORT DER SCHWEISSMASCHINE .................................................... 20
5.4 ANSCHLUSS AN DAS STROMNETZ............................................................ 20
5.4.1 Stecker und Dose.................................................................................. 20
5.5 ANSCHLÜSSE DES SCHWEISSSTROMKREISES...................................... 21
5.5.1 WIG-Schweißen.................................................................................... 21
5.5.2 MMA-Schweißen................................................................................... 21
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6.1 WIG-SCHWEISSEN....................................................................................... 21
6.1.1 Grundprinzipien..................................................................................... 21
6.1.2 Verfahrensweise (LIFT-Zündung).......................................................... 21
6.2 MMA-SCHWEISSEN...................................................................................... 21
6.2.1 Grundprinzipien..................................................................................... 21
6.2.2 Verfahrensweise.................................................................................... 21
:$5781*
7.1 PLANMÄSSIGE WARTUNG.......................................................................... 21
7.1.1 Brenner.................................................................................................. 21
7.2 AUSSERORDENTLICHE WARTUNG............................................................ 21
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Diese Schweißmaschinen sind eine Stromquelle speziell für die
Lichtbogenschweißverfahren WIG (DC) LIFT und MMA, bei der umhüllte Elektroden
(rutilumhüllte, sauerumhüllte, basischumhüllte Elektroden) zum Einsatz kommen.
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Einstellung verleihen dieser Schweißmaschine (INVERTER) exzellente
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Da die Regulierung mit „Invertersystem“ am Eingang der Versorgungsleitung
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- 20 -
und gewichtsarme Schweißmaschine, die durch ihre leichte Handhabung und
Transportfreundlichkeit besticht.
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- Kit zum MMA-Schweißen.
- Kit zum WIG-Schweißen.
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- Druckverminderer.
- WIG-Brenner.
- Selbstverdunkelnde Maske mit festem und einstellbarem Filter.
- Schweißstromrückleitungskabel mit Masseklemme.
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Die wichtigsten Angaben über die Bedienung und Leistungen der Schweißmaschine
sind auf dem Typenschild zusammengefaßt:
Schutzart der Umhüllung.
Symbol der Versorgungsleitung:
1~: Wechselspannung einphasig;
3~: Wechselspannung dreiphasig.
Symbol S: Weist darauf hin, daß Schweißarbeiten in einer Umgebung mit erhöhter
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Symbol für das vorgesehene Schweißverfahren.
Symbol für den inneren Aufbau der Schweißmaschine.
EUROPÄISCHE Referenznorm für die Sicherheit und den Bau von
Lichtbogenschweißmaschinen.
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benötigt für die Anforderung des Kundendienstes, die Bestellung von Ersatzteilen
und die Nachverfolgung der Produktherkunft).
Leistungen des Schweißstromkreises:
- U: Maximale Leerlaufspannung.
- I/U: Entsprechender Strom und Spannung, normalisiert, die von der
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können.
-X : Einschaltdauer: Gibt die Dauer an, für welche die Schweißmaschine den
entsprechenden Strom bereitstellen kann (gleiche Spalte). Wird ausgedrückt in
% basierend auf einem 10-minütigen Zyklus (Bsp: 60% = 6 Minuten Arbeit, 4
Minuten Pause usw.).
Werden die Gebrauchsfaktoren (Angaben des Typenschildes bezogen auf eine
Raumtemperatur von 40°C) überschritten, schreitet die thermischeAbsicherung
ein (die Schweißmaschine wird in den Stand-by-Modus versetzt, bis die
Temperatur den Grenzwert wieder unterschritten hat.
- A/V-A/V : Gibt den Regelbereich des Schweißstroms (Minimum - Maximum) bei
der entsprechenden Lichtbogenspannung an.
Kenndaten der Versorgungsleitung:
- U: Wechselspannung und Frequenz für die Versorgung der Schweißmaschine
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- Imax : Maximale Stromaufnahme der Leitung.
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Anmerkung: Das Typenschild in diesem Beispiel gibt nur die Bedeutung der Symbole
und Ziffern wieder, die genauen Werte der technischen Daten für Ihre eigene
Schweißmaschine ist unmittelbar dem dort sitzenden Typenschild zu entnehmen.
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wartungsfreundlichen Leistungs- und Steuerungsmodulen, die auf gedruckten und
optimierten Schaltungen ausgeführt sind.
6FKZHLPDVFKLQHPLW/,)7=QGXQJ$%%%
(LQJDQJ einphasigeVersorgungsleitung,Gleichrichteraggregat,Schaltkreisfür die
/HLVWXQJVIDNWRUNRUUHNWXU3)&ZHQQYRUJHVHKHQXQG*OlWWXQJVNRQGHQVDWRUHQ
7UDQVLVWRU,*%7 XQG7UHLEHUVFKDOWEUFNH Sie schaltet die gleichgerichtete
Leitungsspannung in hochfrequente Wechselspannung um und regelt die Leistung
nachdemangefordertenSchweißstrombzw.derangefordertenSchweißspannung.
+RFKIUHTXHQ]WUDQVIRUPDWRU GLH 3ULPlUZLFNOXQJ ZLUG PLW HLQHU YRQ %ORFN
umgewandelten Spannung gespeist; der Trafo passt die Spannung und den
Strom an die Werte an, die für das Lichtbogenschweißverfahren erforderlich
sind. Gleichzeitig isoliert er den Schweißstromkreis galvanisch von der
Versorgungsleitung.
6HNXQGlUH *OHLFKULFKWHUEUFNH PLW *OlWWXQJVLQGXNWDQ] Richtet die von
GHU 6HNXQGlUZLFNOXQJ EHUHLWJHVWHOOWH :HFKVHOVSDQQXQJ :HFKVHOVWURP LQ
geringstwelligen Gleichstrom / Gleichspannung um.
6WHXHUXQJVXQG5HJHOHOHNWURQLN steuert kontinuierlich den Schweißstromwert
und vergleicht ihn mit dem vom Bediener eingestellten Wert. Die Steuerimpulse
der regelnden IGBT-Treiber werden daran angepasst.
6WHXHUORJLNIUGHQ6FKZHLPDVFKLQHQEHWULHE Sie gibt die Schweißzyklen vor
und überwacht die Sicherheitssysteme.
7DIHOIUGLH(LQVWHOOXQJund Anzeige der Parameter und Betriebsarten.
.KOJHEOlVHder Schweißmaschine.
67(8(581*65(*(/81*681'9(5%,1'81*6(,15,&+781*(1
.203$.7(6FKZHLPDVFKLQHPLW/,)7=QGXQJ
9RUGHUH7DIHO$%%&
$XVZDKONQRSIfür Betriebsarten und Betriebsparameter:
- erste Funktion: Auswahl MMAoder WIG.
]ZHLWH)XQNWLRQOlQJHUH%HWlWLJXQJLP0RGXV00$(LQVWHOOXQJ+RW6WDUW$UF
Force und, falls vorhanden, Aktivierung / Deaktivierung VRD.
'XUFK NXU]]HLWLJH %HWlWLJXQJ GHV .QRSIHV OlVVW VLFK GHU GXUFK GHQ (QFRGHU
]X UHJHOQGH 3DUDPHWHU DXVZlKOHQ GHVVHQ :HUW DXI GHP 'LVSOD\
ausgewiesen wird.
8PGLHVHQ(LQVWHOOXQJVYRUJDQJ]XYHUODVVHQPXVVGHU.QRSIOlQJHUJHGUFNW
werden.
+RW6WDUWDXIGHP'LVSOD\ÄKRW;;³
3DUDPHWHUIUGLH(LQVWHOOXQJGHVDQIlQJOLFKHQhEHUVWURPV(LQVWHOOXQJVEHUHLFK
0-100%). Auf dem Display wird die prozentuale Erhöhung im Vergleich zum
voreingestellten Schweißstromwert ausgewiesen. Diese Einstellung erleichtert
die Lichtbogenzündung.
$UF)RUFHDXIGHP'LVSOD\ÄDUF;;³
ParameterfürdieEinstellungdes dynamischenÜberstroms(Einstellungsbereich
0-100%). Auf dem Display wird die prozentuale Erhöhung im Vergleich zum
voreingestellten Schweißstromwert ausgewiesen. Durch diese Einstellung geht
GDV6FKZHLHQÀVVLJHUYRQVWDWWHQHLQ9HUNOHEHQGHU(OHNWURGHDP:HUNVWFN
wird verhindert.
95'DXIGHP'LVSOD\ÄYUG;;³
Diese Einrichtung reduziert die Leerlaufspannung am Ausgang (Auswahl on-
off). Auf dem Display (3) wird ausgewiesen: Einrichtung aktiviert ÄYUG 21³
XQG (LQULFKWXQJ QLFKW DNWLYLHUW ÄYUG 2))³. Die Einrichtung erhöht die
Sicherheit des Bedieners, wenn die Schweißmaschine eingeschaltet, aber nicht
schweißbereit ist.
$QPHUNXQJBei den entsprechenden Modellen besteht die Wahl zwischen 2
verschiedenen Kalibrierungen des maximal verfügbaren Schweißstroms.
CL.1: Kalibrierung mit Reduzierung des maximalen Schweißstroms (geringere
bereitgestellte Leistung).
CL.2: Kalibrierung ohne Reduzierung des maximalen Schweißstroms (höhere
bereitgestellte Leistung).
'LHVHVSH]LHOOH)XQNWLRQNDQQDXIJHUXIHQZHUGHQLQGHPPDQGHQ:lKOWDVWHU
EHLP(LQVFKDOWHQ GHU 6FKZHLPDVFKLQHJHGUFNW KlOW HLQJHVFKDOWHWZLUG GLH
Maschine durch Schließen des Hauptschalterkontakts).
'LH$QIDQJVHLQVWHOOXQJODXWHWDXI&/$XHUGHPOlVVWVLFKHLQ*HQHUDOUHVHW
der Parameter vornehmen (res ON/OFF).
Die Prozedur wird beendet, wie es an anderer Stelle bereits beschrieben ist.
/('VIU(LQVWHOOXQJBetriebsarten und Betriebsparameter:
D
/('GXUFKJHKHQGDXÀHXFKWHQG Einstellung MMA-Modus.
/('EOLQNHQG Einstellung Arc Force, Hot Start, VRD (falls vorhanden).
E
/('GXUFKJHKHQGDXÀHXFKWHQG Auswahl WIG-Modus.
$OSKDQXPHULVFKHV'LVSOD\
*HOEH /(' Diese normalerweise erloschene LED leuchtet auf, wenn die
Schweißmaschine wegen Auslösung einer der folgenden Schutzvorrichtungen
blockiert ist (die Maschine bleibt eingeschaltet, gibt aber keinen Strom mehr ab):
hEHUKLW]XQJVVFKXW] Innerhalb der Schweißmaschine ist eine zu hohe
Temperatur erreicht worden. Der normale Betrieb wird automatisch wieder
aufgenommen. Alarmkürzel auf dem Display: Ä$/³.
6FKXW] JHJHQ hEHU XQG 8QWHUVSDQQXQJ GHU /HLWXQJ Die Spannung hat
den Toleranzbereich von +/- 15% zum Wert auf dem Typenschild verlassen.
Alarmkürzel auf dem Display: Ä$/³.
$&+781* Die Überschreitung der oben angegebenen Spannungsgrenze
VFKlGLJWGLH(LQULFKWXQJVFKZHU
6FKXW]$17,67,&. Die Elektrode ist mit dem Werkstück verklebt und kann
von Hand entfernt werden.
Der normale Betrieb wird automatisch wieder aufgenommen.
(QFRGHU für die Regelung der Schweißparameter. Die Einstellung ist auch
ZlKUHQGGHV6FKZHLHQVP|JOLFK
6FKQHOODQVFKOXVVEXFKVHPLQXV zum Anstecken des Schweißkabels.
6FKQHOODQVFKOXVVEXFKVHSOXV zum Anstecken des Schweißkabels.
+LQWHUH7DIHO$%%'
9HUVRUJXQJVNDEHO2p + ( ).
+DXSWVFKDOWHUO/OFF - I/ON (leuchtend).
,167$//$7,21
$&+781*%(,6b07/,&+(1$5%(,7(1=85,167$//$7,2181'=80
$16&+/866$1',(675209(5625*81*0866',(6&+:(,660$6&+,1(
UNBEDINGT AUSGESTELLT UND VOM VERSORGUNGSNETZ ABGETRENNT
6(,1
DIE STROMANSCHLÜSSE DÜRFEN AUSSCHLIESSLICH VON ERFAHRENEN
)$&+/(87(1925*(1200(1:(5'(1
=86$00(1%$8
=XVDPPHQVHW]HQ5FNOHLWXQJVNDEHO=DQJH$%%(
=XVDPPHQVHW]HQ6FKZHLNDEHO(OHNWURGHQ]DQJH$%%)
$1+(%(1'(56&+:(,660$6&+,1(
Alle in diesem Handbuch beschriebenen Schweißmaschinen müssen am Handgriff
hochgehoben werden.
67$1'257'(56&+:(,660$6&+,1(
0DFKHQ 6LH HLQHQ 2UW IU GLH ,QVWDOODWLRQ GHU 6FKZHLPDVFKLQH DXV¿QGLJ ZR GHU
Ein- und Austritt der Kühlluft durch die entsprechende Öffnung nicht behindert wird
=ZDQJVXPZlO]XQJ PLWWHOV *HEOlVH VWHOOHQ 6LH JOHLFK]HLWLJ VLFKHU GDVV NHLQH
OHLWIlKLJHQ6WlXEH)HXFKWLJNHLWRlDQJHVDXJWZLUG
Halten Sie einen Bereich von mindestens 250 mm um die Schweißmaschine frei.
$&+781* 6WHOOHQ 6LH GLH 6FKZHLPDVFKLQH DXI HLQH HEHQH )OlFKH
GLH GDV *HZLFKW WUDJHQ NDQQ 6R ZHUGHQ GDV 8PNLSSHQ RGHU JHIlKUOLFKH
9HUODJHUXQJHQYHUKLQGHUW
$16&+/866$1'$6675201(7=
- Vor dem Anschluss an die Stromversorgung ist zu prüfen, ob die Daten auf dem
Typenschild der Schweißmaschine mit der am Installationsort bereitgestellten
Netzspannung und Netzfrequenz übereinstimmen.
- DieSchweißmaschine darf ausschließlich an ein Versorgungssystem mit geerdetem
Nullleiter angeschlossen werden.
- Zum Schutz gegen indirekten Kontakt sind Differenzialschalter folgenden Typs zu
benutzen:
- Typ A ( ) für Einphasenmaschinen;
- Um den Anforderungen der Norm EN 61000-3-11 (Flicker) gerecht zu werden, wird
empfohlen, die Schweißmaschine an Schnittstellen des Versorgungsnetzes mit
einer Impedanz unter Zmax = 0.25 Ohm (einphasig) anzuschließen.
'LH6FKZHLPDVFKLQHIlOOWQLFKWXQWHUGHQ$QZHQGXQJVEHUHLFKGHU1RUP,(&(1
61000-3-12 (Modelle ohne PFC).
Wird sie an ein öffentliches Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen, ist der Installierende
oder der Betreiber für die Prüfung verantwortlich, ob die Schweißmaschine
angeschlossen werden kann (falls erforderlich, ist der Betreiber des Verteilernetzes
zu befragen).
6WHFNHUXQG'RVH
- Die einphasigen Schweißmaschinen mit höchstens 16 A Stromaufnahme sind im
/LHIHU]XVWDQGPLWHLQHP9HUVRUJXQJVNDEHOXQG1RUPVWHFNHU37$?9
versehen.
- Die einphasigen Schweißmaschinen mit mehr als 16 A Stromaufnahme sind mit
einem Versorgungskabel ausgestattet, das mit einem Normstecker ausreichender
Stromfestigkeit zu verbinden ist (2P+T). Herzurichten ist eine Netzdose mit
Schmelzsicherung oder Leistungsschalter; der zugehörige Erdungsanschluss muss
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