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945407-9701
SECTION IV
THEORY
OF
OPERATION
4.1 GENERAL
This section provides
the
theory
of
operation
of
the 16
Input/16
Output
TTL Data Module. A
general description
of
the
data module
is
given in Section I and it should be read first
if
the
reader
is
not familiar with
the
basic data module operation. The detailed description in this
section
is
accompanied by timing diagrams and abbreviated logic diagrams. Detailed logic
diagrams may be found in
the
Model
990
Computer Family Maintenance Drawings Manual,
Manual Numbers 945421-9701 and 945421-9702.
4.2 DATA MODULE INPUT LOGIC
Refer
to
figure
4-1
for a diagram
of
the data module
input
logic,
the
associated timing diagram,
and
the
pin numbers used
on
the
data module.
As
shown, the CPU provides the
data
module
with
+5
Vde and a common ground
that
can be tied in with the peripheral device. The
16
peripheral
input
lines are applied to
the
U3
multiplexer via individual emitter-follower transistors.
Capacitor pads are provided across
the
inputs for use when line noise
is
a problem. When the
user program decides
to
read one
of
the
input lines, the CPU develops address select lines
(CRUBITl 2-15) which are decoded
by
the
multiplexer (see table 4-1) and a data module enable
(IMODSELA-)
that
combine
to
select one
of
the
16
input
lines. The
input
data
is
inverted three
times and passed
to
the
CPU via
the
CRUBITIN-
line. A low (0 to 1
V)
or high (3
to
5
V)
input
signal becomes a high (logic 1)
or
low (logic 0) logic level, respectively, in
the
CPU.
4.2.1 MULTIPLEXER. The multiplexer
is
a 16-to-l data selector (see figure 4-2)
that
passes one
of
its inputs to a
output
gate each time
it
is
strobed
by
IMODSELA-
from the CPU. The input
passed
is
selected
by
the
CRU address bits, CRUBIT12-15, as shown in table 4-1. Once passed
to
the
output
of
the
multiplexer,
the
data is gated
to
the
CPU
if
IMODSELA-
=0.
4.3 DATA MODULE OUTPUT LOGIC
Refer
to
figure 4-3 for a diagram
of
the data module
output
logic,
the
associated timing
diagrams, and
the
pin numbers used
on
the
module.
-When
a program is required
to
transfer data
from
the
CPU
to
an attached peripheral device, the CPU must supply
the
data module with an
output
data bit (CRUBITOUT-), destination flip-flop select address (CRUBITl2-15), a data
module enable signal (IMODSELA-), and a write clock signal
(STORECLK-).
The IMODSELA-
and
STORECLK-
signals combine to gate
the
data bit into the selected flip-flop. The
CRUBIT12-15 signals are applied
to
the U
13
address decoder
to
select the destination flip-flop
(see table 4-2). The CPU
output
bit
is
inverted and stored in
the
selected flip-flop and
then
made
available
to
the
attached peripheral
after
two
more level inversions. The result
of
the
three
level
inversions
is
that
a logic 1
(2.4
V)
or
a logic 0 (0.4 V)
of
computer
output
data becomes a low
voltage (0.4 V
or
less)
or
an open circuit, respectively,
at
the
peripheral interface.
4.3.1 OUTPUT DECODER. The
Ul3
output
decoder
is
a 4-line-to-16-line decoder.
As
shown in
figure 4-4, it accepts
the
CRUBITl2-15 inputs and
the
IMODSELA-
and
STORECLK-
signals.
When
IMODSELA-
and
STORECLK-
are
both
low,
the
decoder reads the inputs and seiects the
appropriate
output
line.
4-1
Digital
Systems
Division
.