UE Systems ULTRAPROBE 2000 User manual

[phone] | [email protected] | artisantg.com
-~
ARTISAN
®
~I
TECHNOLOGY
GROUP
Your definitive source
for
quality
pre-owned
equipment.
Artisan Technology
Group
Full-service,
independent
repair
center
with
experienced
engineers
and
technicians
on staff.
We
buy
your
excess,
underutilized,
and
idle
equipment
along
with
credit
for
buybacks
and
trade-ins
.
Custom
engineering
so
your
equipment
works
exactly as
you
specify.
•
Critical
and
expedited
services
•
Leasing
/
Rentals/
Demos
• In
stock/
Ready-to-ship
•
!TAR-certified
secure
asset
solutions
Expert
team
ITrust
guarantee
I
100%
satisfaction
All
tr
ademarks,
br
a
nd
names, a
nd
br
a
nd
s a
pp
earing here
in
are
th
e property of
th
e
ir
r
es
pecti
ve
ow
ner
s.
Find the UE Systems Ultraprobe 2000MPH at our website: Click HERE

Rev: 2/04/03
Rev: 0 92216
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

NEED HELP???
HAVE QUESTIONS??
AT UE SYSTEMS, WE ARE DEDICATED TO SUPPORTING OUR
ULTRAPROBE USERS.
OUR STAFF HAS YEARS OF FIELD EXPERIENCE AND IS
STANDING READY TO ASSIST YOU SHOULD YOU NEED US.
WHEREEVER YOU ARE, REMEMBER, WE ARE AS CLOSE AS YOUR
PHONE, FAX OR COMPUTER.
CALL: 914-592-1220
FAX: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Internet: http://www.uesystems.com
Combination Change Instructions
The combination is factory set at --0--0--0
Setting your personal combination:
1. Open the case. Looking at the back of the lock inside the case you will see a change lever. Move this change lever to the middle of the
lock in a way that allows it to hook behind the change notch (drawing 1).
2. Set your personal combination, turning the dials to the desired combination (i.e. birthday, phone #, etc.).
3. Move the change lever back to the normal position (drawing 2).
4. To lock, rotate one or more dials. To open, set to your personal combination.
INTERNATIONAL PATENTS PENDING
Your Personal Combination:
I I I I
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

SAFETYADVISORY
PLEASE READ BEFORE USING YOUR INSTRUMENT.
WARNING
Improper use of your ultrasonic detector may result in death or serious injury. Observe all safety
precautions. Do not attempt to make any repairs or adjustments while the equipment is
operating. Be sure to turn off and LOCK OUT all electrical and mechanical sources before
performing any corrective maintenance. Always refer to local guidelines for appropriate lockout
and maintenance procedures.
SAFETY PRECAUTION: Although your ultrasonic instrument is intended to be used while equipment is
operating, the close proximity of hot piping, electrical equipment and rotating parts are all potentially
hazardous to the user. Be sure to use extreme caution when using your instrument around energized
equipment. Avoid direct contact with hot pipes or parts, any moving parts or electrical connections. Do not
attempt to check findings by touching the equipment with your hands or fingers. Be sure to use appropriate
lockout procedures when attempting repairs.
Be careful with loose hanging parts such as the wrist strap or headphone cord when inspecting near moving
mechanical devices since they may get caught. Don't touch moving parts with the contact probe. This may
not only damage the part, but cause personal injury as well.
When inspecting electrical equipment, use caution. High voltage equipment can cause death or severe
injury. Do not touch live electrical equipment with your instrument. Use the rubber focusing probe with the
scanning module. Consult with your safety director before entering the area and follow all safety
procedures. In high voltage areas, keep the instrument close to your body by keeping your elbows bent. Use
recommended protective clothing. Do not get close to equipment. Your detector will locate problems at a
distance.
When working around high temperature piping, use caution. Use protective clothing and do not attempt to
touch any piping or equipment while it is hot. Consult with your safety director before entering the area.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMPONENTS Page
A description of the various items In the Ultraprobe kit and how they function I
1. Metered pistol Housing I
Meter I
Battery Level Light I
Sensitivity Selection I
Head Set Jack I
Trigger Switch 2
Frequency Adjust Dial 2
Meter Mode Selection 2
Recharge Jack 2
Charging the Ultraprobe Pistol 2
Charging the WTG-2 Ultrasonic Tone Generator
3
2. Trisonic Scanning Module 3
Rubber Focusing Probe 3
3. Contact (Stethoscope) Probe 3
4. Headset 4
5. Warble Tone Generator 4
ULTRAPROBE APPLICATIONS
How to use the Ultraprobe in a variety of applications
1. LEAK DETECTION 6
What produces a leak 6
How to Locate Leaks 6
Confirming a Leak 7
Overcoming Difficulties 7
Shielding Techniques 7
Low Level Leaks 8
2. ELECTRIC ARC, CORONA, TRACKING DETECTION 9
3. MONITORING BEARING WEAR 11
Lack of Lubrication 11
Over-Lubrication 11
Slow Speed Bearings 12
4. GENERAL MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING 12
Monitoring Operating Equipment 12
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

5. IDENTIFYING FAULTY STEAM TRAPS 13
How each trap fails and what to listen for
Inverted Bucket Traps 14
Float and Thermostatic Traps 14
Thermodynamic (Disc) Traps 14
Thermostatic (Bellows & Bimetallic) Traps 14
6. TESTING VALVES 15
7. MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEM AREAS 16
Underground Leaks 17
Leakage Behind Walls 17
Blockage in Pipes 17
Flow Direction 17
ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY 18
What ultrasound is, how it works, and how it is utilized by the Ultraprobe 18
The basics of sound 18
CHARTS
Trending Sheet (Reference Chart) 19
Frequency Selection Chart 20
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

- 1 -
The ULTRAPROBE 2000 opens the vista of preventative/predictive maintenance as never before. This multifaceted instrument
provides testing capability ranging from simplistic forms of leak detection to extremely sophisticated methods of mechanical analysis.
It is a testing laboratory that fits in the palm of your hand.
Before you begin testing, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the basic components of your kit.
1. METERED PISTOL HOUSING
The main component of the Ultraprobe is its' pistol housing. From back to front, let's examine each part.
A. Meter: This ballistic meter has intensity increments of from 0 to 100. The 50 divisions reflect intensity changes only: the more
intense the ultrasonic signal, the higher the reading.
B. Battery Level Light: This red light turns on only when the batteries need recharging.
NOTE: When the trigger on/off switch is pulled to the on position, the red battery light will flicker
on and off quickly and the meter will Jump rapidly to indicate that the instrument is working properly.
C. Sensitivity selection (numerically calibrated) Dial: The increments on this dial allow for 500 individual set-points. There are 2
sets of numbers. The outer window reflects the whole digit and reads from 0 to 10. The inside digits are for fine tuning and these
smaller gradations are shown as lines which represent 2 divisions each. As the numbers go UP in value, the sensitivity of the
instrument also goes up. The maximum sensitivity level is 10, the minimum sensitivity level is 0.0.
On the sensitivity selection switch is a LOCK lever. This allows a user to lock the sensitivity selection and thereby prevent it from
being moved inadvertently. To lock the sensitivity selection, rotate the lever clockwise; to release the lock, rotate the lever
counter-clockwise.
D. Head Set Jack: This is where you plug in the headset. Be sure to plug it in firmly until it clicks.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

2
TURN THE MAIN HOUSING OF THE ULTRAPROBE 2000 UP-SIDE DOWN AND YOU WILL SEE:
E. Trigger Switch: The Ultraprobe is always "off' until the trigger switch is pressed. To operate, simply press the trigger; to turn the
instrument off, release the trigger.
F. Frequency Adjust Dial: There are numbers ranging from 100 kHz down to 20 kHz. These represent the range of frequency selection
capable with the Ultraprobe. These frequencies may be "tuned in" when performing mechanical and valve analysis with the contact
(stethoscope) probe (refer to description of contact probe). There is also a detented position, labeled "fixed band". This selection
automatically locks the circuitry of the Ultraprobe into the peak response of the transducers of either the contact (stethoscope) module
or the TrisonicTM Scanning Module. It is an extremely narrow band response that, when used with the contact (stethoscope) module,
reduces most stray unwanted pipe and mechanical noises. In the scanning mode, it provides for extreme sensitivity and is the preferred
position in leak detection and electrical inspection activities.
G. Meter Selection: There are three positions for this dial:
1. Log: this selection allows the meter to respond in a real-time, instant, mode. This selection is used when fast, instant meter
response is needed, as in leak detection.
2. Lin: this selection, linear, can be considered a slow response. It eliminates the high and low swings of the meter and averages the
response for a more measurable result. This selection is utilized when too rapid a meter response might be confusing to the
operator.
3. Aux: this is the auxiliary position, which is to be used ONLY when a specially adapted instrument is to be interfaced with the
Ultraprobe.
H. Recharge Jack: This jack receives the plug from the recharger. The recharger is designed to plug into a standard electrical
receptacle.
To charge the UP2000 pistol and the Ultraprobe 2000 WTG-1 (Warble Tone Generator)
There are two wires from the universal recharger (suppose BCH-10) supplied by UE Systems with this ID#28680 UP2000KIT. One is
for the Ultraprobe pistol housing and the other is for the Warble Tone Generator.
TO CHARGE THE UP2000 pistol
1. Insert Ultraprobe plug (black) into Ultraprobe 2000 Recharge jack and then plug the recharger into a wall receptacle.
2. Make sure that the LED on the charger is blinking when recharging.
3. The LED remains solid when the battery is charged. The instrument may stay connected to the charger without damaging the
battery. Charge time is approximately 4 hours.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

3
4. WARNING: Use the supplied UE Systems recharger (BCH-2) only. Use of unauthorized rechargers will void the warranty and may
degrade or damage the battery.
WHEN TO RECHARGE: When the red low level indicator light goes on, IMMEDIATELY recharge the Ultraprobe. If the instrument
is not used for a week or more, recharge it. If the Ultraprobe is not used for a few days, it can be used without recharging, however, for
best results, it is advisable to recharge it as a "booster" for about an hour before using.
TO CHARGE THE Ultraprobe 2000 WTG-1
1. Insert Tone Generator plug (yellow) into Warble Tone Generator Recharge jack and then plug the recharger into a wall receptacle.
2. Make sure that the LED on the charger is blinking when recharging.
3. The LED remains solid when the battery is charged. The instrument may stay connected to the charger without damaging the
battery. Charge time is approximately 4 hours.
4. WARNING: Use the supplied UE Systems recharger (BCH-2) only. Use of unauthorized rechargers will void the warranty and may
degrade or damage the battery.
2. TRISONIC` SCANNING MODULE
This module is utilized to receive air-borne ultrasound such as the ultrasounds emitted by pressure leaks and electrical discharges.
There are three prongs at the rear of the module. For placement, align the prongs with the three corresponding jacks in the front end of
the metered pistol housing and plug in.
The TrisonicTM Scanning Module has a phased array of three piezoelectric transducers to pick up the air-borne ultrasound. This phased
array focuses the ultrasound on one "hot spot" for directionality and effectively intensifies the signal so that minute ultrasonic
emissions may be detected.
To use the Trisonic Scanning Module:
1. Plug in to front end.
2. Select the LOG position on the meter selection dial.
3. For general use position the frequency selection dial to the "fixed-band" mode.
4. Start with the sensitivity selection dial at maximum (10).
5. Start to scan the test area. a. The method of air borne detection is to go from the "gross to the fine". If there is too much ultrasound
in the area, reduce the sensitivity, place the RUBBER FOCUSING PROBE (described below) over the scanning module and
proceed to follow the test sound to its' loudest point constantly reducing the sensitivity and following the meter. RUBBER
FOCUSING PROBE: The Rubber Focusing Probe is a cone-shaped rubber shield. It is used to block out stray ultrasound and to
assist in narrowing the field of reception of the Trisonic- Scanning Module. To use, simply slip it over the front of the scanning
module or the contact module. NOTE: To prevent damage to the module plugs, always remove the module BEFORE attaching and
removing the Rubber focusing Probe.
Trisonic Scanning Module
3. CONTACT (STETHOSCOPE) MODULE
This is the module with the metal rod. This rod is utilized as a "waveguide" in that it is sensitive to ultrasound that is generated
internally such as within a pipe, bearing housing, steam trap or wall. Once stimulated by ultrasound, it transfers the signal to a
piezoelectric transducer located directly in the module housing. This module is shielded to provide protection from stray RF waves
that have a tendency to effect electronic receiving. It is equipped with low noise amplification to allow for a clear, intelligible signal to
be received and interpreted.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

4
To use: 1. Align the pins located at the rear of the module with the three jacks in the front end of the Metered Pistol Housing (MPH)
and plug in. 2. For detecting leaks in valves, steam traps, etc., position the meter selection dial to LOG. If performing mechanical
analysis, select the LIN mode on the meter selection dial. 3. For general use, position the frequency selection dial to "Fixed-Band".
For problem solving, i.e. finding a problem sound (refer to section on Mechanical Analysis). 4. Touch test area. 5. As with the
scanning module, go from the "gross" to the "fine". Start a maximum sensitivity on the Sensitivity Selection dial and proceed to
reduce the sensitivity until a satisfactory sound and meter level is achieved.
At times it may be necessary to utilize the stethoscope probe with the sensitivity level at or near maximum. Occasionally when in this
situation stray ultrasound may interfere with clear reception and be confusing. If this occurs, place the RUBBER FOCUSING PROBE
over the Stethoscope probe to insulate against the stray ultrasound.
STETHOSCOPE EXTENSION KIT: This consists of three metal rods that will enable a user to reach up to 31 additional inches
(78.7 cm) with the Stethoscope Probe. To use: 1. Remove the Stethoscope Module from the Metered Pistol Housing. 2. Unscrew the
metal rod in the Stethoscope Module. 3. Look at the thread of the rod you just unscrewed and locate a rod in the kit that has the same
size thread - this is the "base piece". 4. Screw the Base Piece into the Stethoscope Module. 5. If all 31" (78.7 cm) are to be utilized,
locate the middle piece. (This is the rod with a female fitting at one end) and screw this piece into the base piece. 6. Screw third "end
piece" into middle piece. 6a. If a shorter length is desired, omit step 5 and screw "end piece" into "base piece".
4.HEADSET
This heavy duty headset is designed to block out intense sounds often found in industrial environments so that the user may easily
hear the sounds received by the ULTRAPROBE. To use, simply plug the headset cord into the headset Jack on the metered pistol
housing, and place the headphones over your ears. The UE-DHC-2HH Hard Hat Headphones are specifically designed for hard hat
use.
5. WTG - 1 WARBLE TONE GENERATOR (Standard)
The WTG-1 Tone Generator is an ultrasonic transmitter designed to flood an area with ultrasound
Stethoscope Module
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

5
To use the WARBLE TONE GENERATOR: UE-WTG-1 Warble Tone Generator
1. Turn Tone Generator on by selecting either "LOW" or "HIGH" for high amplitude.
When the Tone Generator is on, a red light (located below the recharge Jack in the front) flickers.
2. Place the Warble Tone Generator within the test item/container and seal or close it. Then scan the suspect areas with the Trisonic
Scanning Module in the Ultraprobe and listen for where the "warble" ultrasound penetrates.
As an example, if the item to be tested is the seal around a window, place the Warble Tone Generator on one side of the window,
close it and proceed to scan on the opposite side.
To test the condition of the Warble Tone Generator battery, set to the LOW INTENSITY position and listen to the sound through
the Ultraprobe in the FIXED BAND mode. A smooth continuous warbling sound should be heard. If a "beeping" is heard instead,
then a full recharge of the Warble Tone Generator is indicated.
To charge the Warble Tone Generator:
Follow directions in 1.1-1 RECHARGE JACK (page 2).
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

6
ULTRAPROBE APPLICATIONS
1. LEAK DETECTION
This section will cover airborne leak detection of pressure and vacuum systems. (For information concerned with internal leaks
such as in Valves and Steam Traps, refer to the appropriate sections).
What produces ultrasound in a leak? When a gas passes through a restricted orifice under pressure, it is going from a pressurized
laminar flow to low pressure turbulent flow. (Fig. 1). The turbulence generates a broad spectrum of sound called "white noise". There
are ultrasonic components in this white noise. Since the ultrasound will be loudest by the leak site, the detection of these signals is
usually quite simple.
.A leak can be in a pressurized system or in a vacuum system. In both instances, the ultrasound will be produced in the manner
described above. The only difference between the two is that a vacuum leak will usually generate less ultrasonic amplitude than a
pressure leak of the same flow rate. The reason for this is that the turbulence produced by a vacuum leak is occurring within the
vacuum chamber while the turbulence of a pressure leak is generated in the atmosphere. (Figs.2/3).
What type of gas leak will be detected ultrasonically? Generally any gas, including air, will produce turbulence when it escapes
through a restricted orifice. Unlike gas specific sensors, the Ultraprobe is sound specific. A gas specific sensor is limited to the
particular gas it was designed to sense (e.g., helium). The Ultraprobe can sense any type of gas leak since it detects the ultrasound
produced by the turbulence of a leak.
A. HOW TO LOCATE LEAKS
1. Use the TRISONIC SCANNING MODULE.
2. Select the LOG setting on the meter selection dial.
3. Use "fixed-band" position on the Frequency selection dial. If too much background noise is present, try some of the shielding
methods listed below.
4. Start off with the sensitivity selection at 10 (Maximum).
5. Begin to scan by pointing the module towards the test area. The procedure is to go from the "gross" to the "fine" - more and more
subtle adjustments will be made as the leak is approached.
6. If there is too much ultrasound in the area, reduce the sensitivity setting and continue to scan.
7. If it is difficult to isolate the leak due to competing ultrasound, place the RUBBER FOCUSING PROBE over the scanning
module and proceed to scan the test area.
8. Listen for a "rushing" sound while observing the meter.
9. Follow the sound to the loudest point. The meter will show a higher reading as the leak is approached.
10. In order to focus in on the leak, keep reducing the sensitivity setting and move the instrument closer to the suspected leak site
until you are able to confirm a leak.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

7
B. TO CONFIRM A LEAK-
Position the Trisonic Scanning Module, or the rubber focusing probe (if it is on the scanning module) close to the suspect leak
site and move it, slightly, back and forth, in all directions. If the leak is at this location, the sound will increase and decrease in
intensity as you sweep over it. In some instances, it is useful to position the rubber focusing probe directly over the suspect leak site
and push down to "seal" it from surrounding sounds. If it is the leak, the rushing sound will continue. If it is not the leak site, the
sound will drop off.
C. OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES
1. Competing Ultrasounds
If competing ultrasounds make it difficult to isolate a leak, there are two approaches to be taken:
a. Manipulate the environment. This procedure is fairly straightforward. When possible, turn off the equipment that is
producing the competing ultrasound or isolate the area by closing a door or window.
b. Manipulate the instrument and use shielding techniques. If environmental manipulation is not possible, try to get as close
to the test site as possible, and manipulate the instrument so that it is pointing away from the competing ultrasound. Isolate
the leak area by reducing the sensitivity of the unit and by pushing the tip of the rubber focusing probe up to the test area,
checking a small section at a time. In some extreme instances, when the leak check is difficult in the fixed band mode of the
frequency selection dial, try to "tune in" to the leak sound by "tuning out" the problem sound. In this instance adjust the
frequency selection dial until the background sound is minimized and then proceed to listen for the leak.
1. SHIELDING TECHNIQUES
Since ultrasound is a high frequency, short wave signal, it can usually be blocked or "shielded". NOTE: When using any method, be
sure to follow your plant's or company's safety guidelines. Some common techniques are:
a. Body: place your body between the test area and the competing sounds to act as a barrier
b. Clip Board: Position the clip board close to the leak area and angle it so that it acts as a barrier between the test area and the
competing sounds
c. Gloved Hand: (USE CAUTION) using a gloved hand, wrap the hand around the rubber focusing probe tip so that the index
finger and the thumb are close to the very end and place the rest of the hand on the test site so that there is a complete barrier of
the hand between the test area and the background noise. Move the hand and instrument together over the various test zones.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

8
d. Wipe rag: This is the same method as the "gloved hand" method, only, in addition to the glove, use a wipe rag to wrap around
the rubber focusing probe tip. Hold the rag in the gloved hand so that it acts as a "curtain", i.e., there is enough material to cover
the test site without blocking the open end of the rubber focusing probe. This is usually the most effective method since it uses
three barriers: the rubber focusing probe, the gloved hand and the rag.
e. Barrier: When covering a large area, it is sometimes helpful to use some reflective material, such as a welder’s curtain or a drop
cloth, to act as a barrier. Place the material so that it acts as a "wall" between the test area and the competing sounds. Sometimes
the barrier is draped from ceiling to floor, at other times, it is hung over railings.
f. FREQUENCY TUNING If there are situations where a signal may be difficult to isolate, it may be helpful to utilize the
Frequency Tuning Dial. Point the Ultraprobe toward the test area and gradually adjust the frequency tune dial until the weak
signal appears to be clearer and then follow the basic detection methods previously outlined.
2. LOW LEVEL LEAKS
In ultrasonic inspection of leakage, the amplitude of the sound often depends upon the amount of turbulence generated at the leak site.
The greater the turbulence, the louder the signal, the less the turbulence, the lower the intensity of the signal. When a leak rate is so
low that it produces little, if any turbulence that is "detectable", it is considered "below threshold". If a leak appears to be of this
nature:
1. Build up the pressure (if possible) to create greater turbulence.
2. Use the UE-CFM-2 Close Focus Module. Specifically designed for low level leaks, the unique scanning chamber is designed to
receive low level signals with reduced signal distortion and provides easier recognition of a low level leak. For more information,
call the factory.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

9
CHECK TRANSFORMERS, SWITCHGEARAND OTHER ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
2. ELECTRIC ARC, CORONA, TRACKING DETECTION
There are three basic electrical problems that are detected with the Ultraprobe 2000:
Arcing: An arc occurs when electricity flows through space. Lightning is a good example.
Corona: When voltage on an electrical conductor, such as an antenna or high voltage transmission line exceeds the threshold
value, the air around it begins to ionize to form a blue or purple glow.
Tracking: Often referred to as "baby arcing", follows the path of damaged insulation.
Although theoretically the Ultraprobe 2000 can be used in low, medium and high voltage systems, most of the applications tend to be
in medium and high voltage systems.
When electricity escapes in high voltage lines or when it "jumps" across a gap in an electrical connection, it disturbs the air molecules
around it and generates ultrasound. Most often this sound will be perceived as a crackling or "frying" sound, in other situations it will
be heard as a buzzing sound.
Typical applications include: insulators, cable, switchgear, buss bars, relays, contactors, junction boxes. In substations, components
such as insulators, transformers and bushings may be tested.
Since ultrasound emissions can be detected by scanning around door seams and air vents, it is possible to detect serious faults such as
arcing, tracking and corona on enclosed electrical equipment such as switchgear.
NOTE: When testing electrical equipment, follow all your plant or company safety procedures. When in doubt, ask your
supervisor. Never touch live electrical apparatus with the Ultraprobe.
The method for detecting electric arc and corona leakage is similar to the procedure outlined in leak detection. Instead of listening for
a rushing sound, a user will listen for a crackling or buzzing sound.
Determining whether a problem exists or not is relatively simple, compare sound quality and sound levels among similar equipment,
the problem sound will tend to be quite different.
On lower voltage systems, a quick scan of bus bars often will pick up a loose connection. Checking junction boxes can reveal arcing.
As with leak detection, the closer one gets to the emission site, the louder the signal.
If power lines are to be inspected and the signal does not appear to be intense enough to be detectable from the ground, use UE
Systems, UWC-2000 Ultrasonic Waveform Concentrator (a parabolic reflector) which will double the detection distance of the
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

10
Ultraprobe and provide pinpoint detection. The UWC-2000 is recommended for those situations in which it may be considered safer to
inspect electrical apparatus at a distance. The UWC2000 is extremely directional and will locate the exact site of an electrical
discharge.
UWC-2000WAVEFORM CONCENTRATOR DETECTS HIGHVOLTAGE PROBLEMS ATA SAFE DISTANCE
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

11
3. MONITORING BEARING WEAR
Ultrasonic inspection and monitoring of bearings is a very reliable method for detecting incipient bearing failure. Ultrasonic warnings
appear prior to a rise in temperature or an increase in low frequency vibration levels. Ultrasonic inspection of bearings is useful in
recognizing:
a. The beginning of fatigue failure.
b. Brinelling of bearing surfaces.
c. Flooding of or lack of lubricant.
The ultrasonic frequencies detected by the Ultraprobe are reproduced as audible sounds. This "heterodyned" signal can greatly assist a
user in determining bearing problems. When listening, it is recommended that a user become familiar with the sounds of a good
bearing. A good bearing is heard as a rushing or hissing noise. Crackling or rough sounds indicate a bearing in the failure stage. In
certain cases a damaged ball can be heard as a clicking sound whereas a high intensity, uniform rough sound may indicate a damaged
race or uniform ball damage. Loud rushing sounds similar to the rushing sound of a good bearing only slightly rougher, can indicate
lack of lubrication. Short duration increases in the sound level with "rough" or "scratchy" components indicate a rolling element
hitting a "flat" spot and sliding on the bearing surfaces rather than rotating. If this condition is detected, more frequent examinations
should be scheduled.
Lack of Lubrication:
To avoid lack of lubrication, note the following:
1. As the lubricant film reduces, the sound level will increase accompanied by a uniform rushing sound will indicate lack of
lubrication.
2. When lubricating, add just enough to return the reading to base line.
3. Use caution. Some lubricants will need time to run to uniformly cover the bearing surfaces. Lubricate a little
at a time.
DO NOT OVER-LUBRICATE
Over-Lubrication:
One of the most common causes of bearing failure is over-lubrication. The excess stress of lubricant often breaks bearing seals or
causes a build-up of heat which can create stress and deformity.
To avoid over-lubrication:
1. Don't lubricate if the base line reading and base line sound quality is maintained.
2. When lubricating, use just enough lubricant to bring the ultrasonic reading to baseline.
3. As mentioned in 3 above, use caution. Some lubricants will need time to uniformly cover the bearing surfaces.
SLOW SPEED BEARINGS
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

12
Monitoring slow speed bearings is possible with the Ultraprobe 2000. Due to the sensitivity range and the frequency tuning, it is quite
possible to listen to the acoustic quality of bearings. In extremely slow bearings (less than 25 RPM), it isoften necessary to disregard
the meter and listen to the sound of the bearing. In these extreme situations, the bearings are usually large (1"-2" and up) and greased
with high viscosity lubricant. Most often no sound will be heard as the grease will absorb most of the acoustic energy. If a sound is
heard, usually a crackling sound, there is some indication of deformity occurring.
PROPER LUBRICATION LACK OF LUBRICATION
REDUCES FRICTION INCREASES AMPLITUDE LEVELS
4. GENERAL MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING
As operating equipment begins to fall due to component wear, breakage or misalignment , sonic and more importantly, ultrasonic
shifts occur. The accompanying sound pattern changes can save time and guess work in diagnosing problems if they are adequately
monitored. Therefore, an ultrasonic history of key components can prevent unplanned down-time. And just as important, if equipment
should begin to fail in the field, the ULTRAPROBE can be extremely useful in trouble shooting problems.
TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. Use the contact (stethoscope) module.
2. 2. Set desired meter mode.
a. LIN selection where a slow, averaging meter response is required. Generally this selection is utilized when wide meter
swings caused by excessive ultrasonic activity might effect meter interpretation.
b. LOG selection when instant meter response is desired. This is useful in analyzing certain operating mechanical functions
such as valve operation.
3. Touch test area(s): listen through headphones and observe the meter.
4. Adjust sensitivity until mechanical operation of the equipment is heard clearly and the meter can fluctuate,
5. Probe equipment by touching various suspect areas.
6. If competing sounds in equipment being tested present a problem, try to "tune in" to the problem sound by:
a. Probing equipment until the potential problem sound is heard.
b. Start probing with Frequency Selection Dial
c. Adjust Frequency Selection Dial by rotating it (counter-clockwise) slowly until the problem sound is heard more clearly.
7. To focus in on problem sounds, while probing, reduce sensitivity gradually to assist in locating the problem sound at its' loudest
point. (This procedure is similar to the method outlined in LEAK LOCATION, i.e., follow the sound to its loudest point.)
MONITORING OPERATING EQUIPMENT In order to understand and keep ahead of potential problems in operating equipment, it
is necessary to establish base data and observe shifts in that data. The data can be compiled from meter readings.
PROCEDURE:
1. Select key locations to be monitored and make permanent reference marks for future inspections.
.
2. Follow steps 1-5 as outlined above in the Trouble Shooting section.
3. Select one (or more) frequency (ies) for each test spot.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

13
4. On a chart note:
a. Equipment
b. Location
c. Date
d. Meter mode (LIN/LOG)
e. Frequency selection(s)
f. Sensitivity level
g. Meter reading
5. IDENTIFYING FAULTY STEAM TRAPS
An ultrasonic test of steam traps is a positive test. The main advantage to ultrasonic testing is that it isolates the area being tested by
eliminating confusing background noises. A user can quickly adjust to recognizing differences among various steam traps, of which
there are three basic types: mechanical, thermostatic and thermodynamic. When testing steam traps ultrasonically:
1. Determine what type of trap is on the line. Be familiar with the operation of the trap. Is it intermittent or continuous drain?
2. Try to check whether the trap is in operation (is it hot or cold? Put your hand near, but do not touch the trap,
or, better yet, use a non-contact infrared thermometer).
3. Use the contact (stethoscope) module.
4. Set to LOG position in meter mode selection dial.
5. Position Frequency Adjust Dial to about 25 kHz.
6. Try to touch the contact probe towards the discharge side of the trap. Press the trigger and listen.
7. Listen for the intermittent or continuous flow operation of, the trap. Intermittent traps are usually the inverted
bucket, thermodynamic (disc) and thermostatic (under light loads). Continuous flow: include the float, float
and thermostatic and (usually) thermostatic traps. While testing intermittent traps, listen long enough to gauge
the true cycle. In some cases, this may be longer than 30 seconds. Bear in mind that the greater the load that
comes to it, the longer period of time it will stay open.
In checking a trap ultrasonically, a continuous rushing sound will often be the key indicator of live steam passing through. There are
subtleties for each type of trap that can be noted.
Use the sensitivity levels of the Sensitivity Selection Dial to assist your test. If a low-pressure system is to be checked, adjust the
sensitivity UP toward 10; if a high-pressure system (above 100 psi) is to be checked, reduce the sensitivity level. (Some
experimentation may be necessary to arrive at the most desirable level to be tested.) Check upstream and reduce the sensitivity so that
the meter reads about 50 then touch the trap body downstream and compare readings.
FREQUENCY SELECTION Occasionally it may be necessary to "tune in" to a steam trap. In some systems, specifically float type
traps under low or moderate pressure load, a wide orifice will not produce too much ultrasound. If this is the case touch the trap on the
downstream side, reduce the frequency, start at 20 kHz and listen for a lower frequency trickling sound of water. For other subtle trap
sounds, such as determining the difference of condensate vs. steam sounds, try to listen at FIXED BAND. If this proves difficult,
gradually rotate the Frequency Selection Dial down (counterclockwise) until the specific sounds are heard. Steam will have a light,
gaseous sound, condensate will have additional overtones to its rushing sound.
GENERAL STEAM/CONDENSATE/FLASH STEAM CONFIRMATION
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

14
In instances where it may be difficult to determine the sound of steam, flash steam or condensate,
1. touch at the immediate downstream side of the trap and reduce the sensitivity to get a mid-line reading on the meter ("50").
2. move 6 - 12 inches (15.2-30.5 cm) downstream and listen. Flashing steam will show a large drop off in intensity while leaking
steam will show little drop off in intensity.
INVERTED BUCKET TRAPS normally fail in the open position because the trap loses its prime. This condition means a complete
blow-through, not a partial loss. The trap will no longer operate intermittently. Aside from a continuous rushing sound, another clue
for steam blow-through is the sound of the bucket clanging against the side of the trap.
A FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC trap normally fails in the "closed" position. A pinhole leak produced in the ball float will cause
the float to be weighted down or water hammer will collapse the ball float. Since the trap is totally closed - no sound will be heard. In
addition, check the thermostatic element in the float and thermostatic trap. If the trap is operating correctly, this element is usually
quiet; if a rushing sound is heard, this will indicate either steam or gas is blowing through the air vent. This indicates that the vent has
failed in the open position and is wasting energy.
THERMODYNAMIC (DISC) traps work on the difference in dynamic response to velocity change in the flow of compressible and
incompressible fluids. As steam enters, static pressure above the disc forces the disc against the valve seat. The static pressure over a
large area overcomes the high inlet pressure of the steam. As the steam starts to condense, the pressure against the disc lessens and the
trap cycles. A good disc trap should cycle (hold-discharge-hold) 4-10 times per minute. When it fails, it usually fails in the open
position, allowing continuous blow through of steam.
THERMOSTATIC TRAPS (bellows & bimetallic) operate on a difference in temperature between condensate and steam. They build
up condensate so that the temperature of condensate drops down to a certain level below saturation temperature in order for the trap to
open. By backing up condensate, the trap will tend to modulate open or closed depending on load.
In a bellows trap, should the bellows become compressed by water hammer, it will not function properly. The occurrence of a leak
will prevent the balanced pressure action of these traps. When either condition occurs, the trap will fail in its natural position either
opened or closed. If the trap fails closed, condensate will back up and no sound will be heard. If the trap fails open, a continuous
rushing of live steam will be heard.
With bimetallic traps, as the bimetallic plates set due to the heat they sense and the cooling effect on the plates, they may not set
properly which will prevent the plates from closing completely and allow steam to piss through. This will be heard as a constant
rushing sound.
NOTE: A complimentary Steam Trap Trouble Shooting Guide is available. Contact UE Systems directly by phone or fax.
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com