VAT Series 651 Assembly instructions

Installation, Operating &
Maintenance Instructions
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10
Pendulum control & isolation valve
with extended control range
with Logic interface
Series 651
DN 160–250 mm (I.D. 6“ - 10")
This manual is valid for the valve ordering number(s):
651 . . - . .GC- . . . . (1 sensor input)
651 . . - . .GE- . . . . (2 sensor inputs)
651 . . - . .AC- . . . . (1 sensor input / ±15V SPS)
651 . . - . .AE- . . . . (2 sensor inputs / ±15V SPS)
651 . . - . .HC- . . . . (1 sensor input / PFO)
651 . . - . .HE- . . . . (2 sensor inputs / PFO)
651 . . - . .CC- . . . . (1 sensor input / ±15V SPS / PFO)
651 . . - . .CE- . . . . (2 sensor inputs / ±15V SPS / PFO)
SPS = Sensor Power Supply PFO = Power Failure Option
configured with firmware 600P.1G.00.04, 600P.1G.00.05…08
Sample picture

Series
651
2/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
Imprint
Manufacturer VAT Vakuumventile AG, CH-9469 Haag, Switzerland
Website:
Phone:
Fax:
Email:
www.vatvalve.com
[phone]
[phone]
[email protected]
Publisher VAT Vakuumventile AG, CH-9469 Haag, Switzerland
Editor VAT Vakuumventile AG, CH-9469 Haag, Switzerland
Print
VAT Vakuumventile AG, CH
-
9469 Haag,
Switzerland
Copyright
©
VAT Vakuumventile AG
2014
No part of these instructions may be reproduced in any way (photocopies,
microfilms or any other reproduction processes) nor may it be manipulated with
electronic systems, duplicated or distributed without written permission from VAT.
Offenders are liable to pay damages.
The original VAT firmware and updated state of the art versions of the VAT
firmware are intended for use with VAT products. The VAT firmware contains a
limited, time unlimited user license. The VAT firmware may not be used for
purposes other than those intended nor is it permitted to make copies of the VAT
firmware. In particular, it is strictly forbidden to give copies of the VAT firmware to
other people.
The use of trade names, brand names, trademarks, etc. in these Instructions
does not entitle third parties to consider these names to be unprotected and to
use them freely. This is in accordance with the meaning of the laws and acts
covering brand names and trademarks.

Series 651
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 3/
99
Contents
1 Description of product........................................................................5
1.1 Identification of product ...................................................................................................5
1.2 Use of product.................................................................................................................5
1.3 Used abbreviations..........................................................................................................5
1.4 Related documents..........................................................................................................5
1.5 Important information.......................................................................................................5
1.6 Technical data.................................................................................................................6
1.6.1 Control and actuating unit.................................................................................6
1.6.2 Valve unit..........................................................................................................8
2 Safety .................................................................................................10
2.1 Compulsory reading material.........................................................................................10
2.2 Danger levels ................................................................................................................10
2.3 Personnel qualifications.................................................................................................11
2.4 Safety labels..................................................................................................................11
3 Design and Function.........................................................................12
3.1 Design...........................................................................................................................12
3.2 Function.........................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 Pressure control system overview and function..............................................14
3.2.2 Principle of a pressure control system ............................................................15
4 Installation.........................................................................................16
4.1 Unpacking .....................................................................................................................16
4.2 Installation into the system............................................................................................17
4.2.1 Installation space condition.............................................................................18
4.2.2 Connection overview.......................................................................................19
4.2.3 Installation procedure......................................................................................19
4.3 Tightening torque ..........................................................................................................21
4.3.1 Mounting with centering rings .........................................................................21
4.3.2 Mounting with O-ring in grooves .....................................................................22
4.3.3 Admissible forces............................................................................................22
4.3.4 Requirements to sensor connection................................................................23
4.4 Electrical connection......................................................................................................23
4.4.1 Ground connection..........................................................................................24
4.4.2 Sensor supply concepts..................................................................................25
4.4.3 Power and sensor connection (+24 VDC sensors) .........................................26
4.4.4 Power and sensor connection (±15 VDC sensors) without opt. SPS module .28
4.4.5 Power and sensor connection (±15 VDC sensors) with optional SPS module 30
4.4.6 Service port connection...................................................................................31
4.4.7 Functions and Wiring ......................................................................................32
4.4.8 Digital inputs ...................................................................................................34
4.4.9 Digital outputs.................................................................................................36
4.4.10 Analog inputs and outputs...............................................................................37
4.5 Initial operation..............................................................................................................38
4.5.1 Setup procedure .............................................................................................38
4.5.2 Logic Interface configuration...........................................................................38
4.5.3 Valve configuration .........................................................................................39
4.5.4 Sensor configuration.......................................................................................40
4.5.5 ZERO..............................................................................................................40
4.5.1 LEARN (adaptive)...........................................................................................41
4.5.2 Pressure control configuration ........................................................................43
4.5.3 Pressure control algorithem............................................................................46
4.6 Tuning of control performance.......................................................................................50
4.6.1 Tuning of pressure control (adaptive) .............................................................51

Series
651
4/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
4.6.2 Tuning of pressure control performance with fixed PI control..........................56
4.6.3 Tuning of pressure control with soft pump.......................................................59
5 Operation........................................................................................... 62
5.1 Normal operation...........................................................................................................62
5.1.1 Local operation................................................................................................63
5.1.2 Remote operation............................................................................................64
5.2 Close valve....................................................................................................................65
5.3 Open valve.....................................................................................................................65
5.4 Position control..............................................................................................................65
5.5 Pressure control.............................................................................................................65
5.5.1 Operation with 2 sensors.................................................................................66
5.6 Display information........................................................................................................67
5.6.1 Power up.........................................................................................................67
5.6.2 Operation ........................................................................................................68
5.6.3 Errors ..............................................................................................................68
5.6.4 Safety mode....................................................................................................68
5.6.5 Service indication............................................................................................69
5.7 Operation during power up............................................................................................69
5.8 Behavior in case of power failure...................................................................................69
5.9 Operation under increased temperature........................................................................70
5.10 Behavior In case of compressed air pressure drop........................................................70
6 Trouble shooting .............................................................................. 71
7 Maintenance...................................................................................... 73
7.1 Maintenance intervals....................................................................................................73
7.2 Maintenance procedures...............................................................................................74
7.2.1 Replacement of isolation seals and cleaning ..................................................75
7.2.2 Replacement of actuator shaft seals...............................................................78
7.2.3 Replacement of Option board .........................................................................83
7.2.4 Retrofit / replacement procedure.....................................................................85
8 Repairs .............................................................................................. 88
9 Dismounting and Storage................................................................ 89
9.1 Dismounting...................................................................................................................89
9.2 Storage..........................................................................................................................90
10 Packaging and Transport................................................................. 91
10.1 Packaging......................................................................................................................91
10.2 Transport .......................................................................................................................92
11 Disposal............................................................................................. 93
12 Spare parts........................................................................................ 94
12.1 Drawing .........................................................................................................................94
12.1.1 Valve unit with seals and grease.....................................................................95
12.1.2 Control and actuating unit ...............................................................................96
12.1.3 Accessories.....................................................................................................97
13 Appendix........................................................................................... 98

Series 651 DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 5/
99
1 Description of product
1.1 Identification of product
The fabrication number and order number are fixed on the product directly or by means of an
identification plate.


Fabrication number
Order number
1.2 Use of product
This product is a throttling pendulum valve with isolation functionality. It is intended to use for
downstream pressure control applications.
Use product for clean and dry vacuum applications only. Other applications are only allowed with the
written permission of VAT.
1.3 Used abbreviations
Abbreviation Description
CPA Control Performance Analyzer
PFO Power Failure Option
SFS Sensor Full Scale
SPS Sensor Power Supply
ADC Analog-to-digital converter
1.4 Related documents
• Product Data Sheet
• Dimensional Drawing
• IOMI Heating device (if valve with heater)
1.5 Important information
This symbol points to a very important statement that requires particular attention.
Example
:
Refer to chapter: «Technical data» for detailed information.
made in Switzerland
Fabrication No.:
000 . .- . . . .- . . . ./ . . . .
A - . . . . . .

DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT Series
651
6/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
1.6 Technical data
1.6.1 Control and actuating unit
Description
Power input
1)
(α)+24 VDC (±10%) @ 0.5 V pk-
pk max. [connector: POWER]
[
651
. .
-
. .
A
.
-
. . . . /
651
. .
-
. .
G
.
-
. . . . ]
[651 . . - . . C. - . . . . / 651 . . - . . H. - . . . . ]
50 W max. (operation of valve with max. load) without PFO
3
)
50 W plus 10 W for PFO
3)
Sensor power supply
2)
(β)
[651 . . - . . A. - . . . . / 651 . . - . . C. - . . . . ]
Input
Output
+24 VDC / 1500 mA max.
±15 VDC (±5%) / 1000 mA
max.
[connector: POWER]
[connector: SENSOR]
Sensor power supply
2)
(β)
[651 . . - . . G. - . . . . / 651 . . - . . H. - . . . . ]
Input
Output
+24 VDC resp. ± 15 VDC
same as input but:
2.0 A max. at ± 15 VDC
1.5 A max. at + 24 VDC
[connector: POWER]
[connector: SENSOR]
1)
Internal overcurrent protection by a PTC device.
2)
Refer to chapter «Sensor supply concepts» for details.
3)
PFO = Power Failure Option. Refer to «Behavior in case of power failure» for details.
Calculation of complete power consumption:
P
tot
= α+ β
whereas
βdepends on sensor supply concept and sensor power consumption.

Series 651 DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 7/
99
Description (continuation)
Sensor input
Signal input voltage
ADC resolution
Sampling time
0-10 VDC / Ri>100 kΩ
0.23 mV
10 ms
[connector: SENSOR]
Digital inputs
4)
±24 VDC max. [connector: INTERFACE]
Digital outputs
4)
Input voltage
Input current
Breaking capacity
70 VDC or 70 V peak max.
0.5 ADC or 0.5 A peak max.
10 W max.
[connector: INTERFACE]
Analog outputs
4)
0-10 VDC / 1 mA max. [connector: INTERFACE]
PFO
5)
battery pack
[651 . . - . . C. - . . . . / 651 . . - . . H. - . . . . ]
Charging time
Durability
2 minutes max.
up to 10 years @ 25°C ambient;
refer to «Durability of power fail battery» for details
Compressed air supply
4 - 7 bar / 55 - 100 psi (above ATM)
Ambient temperature
0 °C to +50 °C max. (<35 °C recommended)
Pressure control accuracy 5 mV or 0.1% of setpoint, whichever is greater
DN 160
6"
(65144 - ....)
DN 200
8"
(65146 - ....)
DN 250
10"
(65148 - ....)
Position resolution / position control
capability
11111 steps
(full stroke) 12266 steps (full stroke) 12533 steps (full stroke)
Closing time throttling only
0.8 s typ. (full stroke) 0.9 s typ. (full stroke) 0.9 s typ. (full stroke)
Opening time throttling only 0.8 s typ. (full stroke) 0.9 s typ. (full stroke) 0.9 s typ. (full stroke)
Closing time throttling & isolation 4 s typ. (full stroke) 4 s typ. (full stroke) 4 s typ. (full stroke)
Opening time throttling & isolation
4 s typ. (full stroke) 4 s typ. (full stroke) 4 s typ. (full stroke)
4)
Refer to chapter «Schematics» for details.
5)
PFO = Power Failure Option. Refer to chapter «Behavior in case of power failure» for details.

DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT Series
651
8/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
1.6.2 Valve unit
Description
Pressure range at 20°C
- Aluminum
(651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-8 mbar to 1.2 bar (abs)
- Aluminum hard anodized
(651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-6 mbar to 1.2 bar (abs)
- Aluminum nickel coated
(651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-8 mbar to 1.2 bar (abs)
Leak rate to outside at 20°C
- Aluminum
(651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-9 mbar l/s
- Aluminum hard anodized
(651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-5 mbar l/s
- Aluminum nickel coated
(651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) 1 × 10E-9 mbar l/s
Leak rate valve seat at 20°C
- Aluminum
(651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) 1 x 10E-9 mbar l/s
- Aluminum hard anodized
(651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) 1 x 10E-4 mbar l/s
- Aluminum nickel coated
(651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) 1 x 10E-9 mbar l/s
Cycles until first service
- Isolation cycles (open - closed - open)
- Throttling cycles (open - max. throttle - open)
200’000 (unheated and under clean conditions)
1’000’000 (unheated and under clean conditions)
Admissible operating temperature +10°C to +120°C
Mounting position any (valve seat on chamber side is recommended)
Wetted materials
- Body (651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082)
- Body (651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) hard anodized
- Body (651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) nickel coated
- Pendulum plate (651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082)
- Pendulum plate (651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) hard anodized
- Pendulum plate (651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) nickel coated
- Sealing ring (651 . . - . A . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082), 1.4306 (304L)
- Sealing ring (651 . . - . H . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) hard anodized, 1.4306 (304L)
- Sealing ring (651 . . - . I . . - . . . . ) Aluminum 3.2315 (AA6082) nickel coated, 1.4306 (304L)
- Other parts Stainless steel 316L (1.4404 or 1.4435), 1.4122, 1.4310 (301),
1.4303 (304), 1.4571, A2 (304)

Series 651 DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 9/
99
Description
- Seals Viton
®
(standard). Other materials available.
Seal materials are declared on dimensional drawing of specific
valve ordering number.
DN 160
6"
(65144 - ....)
DN 200
8"
(65146 - ....)
DN 250
10"
(65148 - ....)
Max. differential pressure on plate during
isolation
1200 mbar in either
direction 1200 mbar in either direction 1200 mbar in either direction
Max. differential pressure on plate
during opening and throttling
10 mbar 5 mbar 5 mbar
Min. controllable conductance
(N
2
molecular flow)
1.6 l/s 2 l/s 2.5 l/s
Dimensions Refer to dimensional drawing of specific valve ordering number
(available on request)

SAFETY Series
651
10/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
2 Safety
2.1 Compulsory reading material
Read this chapter prior to performing any work with or on the product. It contains important information
that is significant for your own personal safety. This chapter must have been read and understood by
all persons who perform any kind of work with or on the product during any stage of its serviceable
life.
NOTICE
Lack of knowledge
Failing to read this manual may result in property damage.
Firstly, read manual.
These Installation, Operating & Maintenance Instructions are an integral part of a
comprehensive documentation belonging to a complete technical system. They must
be stored together with the other documentation and accessible for anybody who is
authorized to work with the system at any time.
2.2 Danger levels
DANGER
High risk
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.
WARNING
Medium risk
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.
CAUTION
Low risk
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate
injury.
NOTICE
Command
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.

Series 651 SAFETY
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 11/
99
2.3 Personnel qualifications
WARNING
Unqualified personnel
Inappropriate handling may cause serious injury or property damage.
Only qualified personnel are allowed to carry out the described work.
2.4 Safety labels
Label Part No. Location on valve
T-9001-156 On protective foil covering of
valve opening

DESIGN AND FUNCTION Series
651
12/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
3 Design and Function
3.1 Design
1 Plate seal 6 Integrated controller
2 Body seal 7 Rotary feed through seals
3 Shaft feed through seals 8 Pendulum plate
4 Bonnet seal 9 Sealing ring
5 Actuator
1 2 3 4
5
9 8 7
6

Series 651 DESIGN AND FUNCTION
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 13/
99
3.2 Function
The valve plate acts, due to its pendulum motion, as a throttling element and varies the conductance
of the valve opening. The integrated controller calculates the required plate position to achieve the set
point pressure. Actuation is performed by a stepper motor. An encoder monitors the position. This
principle ensures fast and accurate process pressure control.
For opening or control the “sealing ring” is lifted pneumatically by “compressed air”, afterwards the
“pendulum plate” moves to open or do pressure control. For leak tight closing, the “sealing ring”
moves downwards and press the pendulum plate to valve body for “isolation”. Closing is performed by
“springs”.
“open /
pressure
control”
“isolation”
close
sealing ring
pendulum plate
“compressed air”
sealing ring
pendulum plate
springs

DESIGN AND FUNCTION Series
651
14/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
3.2.1 Pressure control system overview and function
Vacuum pressures are always absolute pressures unless explicitly specified as pressure differences.
Example: Downstream control
1 Valve
2 Process chamber
3 Gas inlet
4 Pressure sensor(s)
5 Sensor cable
6 Controller and actuator
7 Cable to remote control unit
8 Cable to power supply
9 HV Pump
S
eff
Q / p
S
eff
effective pump speed (ls
-1
)
Q Gas flow (mbar)
p Pressure (mbar)
or units used in USA
S
eff
= 12.7 • Q / p
S
eff
effective pump speed (ls
-1
)
Q Gas flow (sccm)
p Pressure (mTorr)
M
3
4
5
7
8
2
1
9
Q
pV
Seff
6

Series 651 DESIGN AND FUNCTION
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 15/
99
3.2.1.1 Way of operation
The controller compares the actual pressure in the process chamber given by the pressure sensor
with the preset pressure. The controller uses the difference between actual and set pressure to
calculate the correct position of the control valve. The controller drives the control valve into the
correct position and the actual pressure again equals the set pressure.
This control operation is performed continuously. Pressure changes in the process chamber due to
leaks, desorption, and gas flow, reaction products, variations in pumping speed etc. are always
corrected at once.
3.2.1.2 Pressure control
In a vacuum system which is pumped and into which gas is admitted at the same time, the pressure
can be controlled in two ways:
1. Downstream control (standard):
The pressure is controlled by changing the conductance of a control valve between pump and
process chamber. This changes the effective pumping speed at the process chamber. Pressure
and gas flow can be independently controlled over a wide range.
2. Upstream control:
The pressure is controlled by changing the gas flow into the process chamber, while the pumping
speed remains constant.
3.2.1.3 Adaptive controller (standard)
A controller adapting itself to changes in pressure, gas flow and pumping speed without any manual
adjustments. This allows for a completely automatic operation of the system.
3.2.2 Principle of a pressure control system
1. Host computer sends
pressure set point
2. Controller reads actual
pressure from sensor
3. Optimizing module sends
new PID parameters
4. Actuator sets new valve
position
Host computer
(Example)
1.
4.
3.
2.

INSTALLATION Series
651
16/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
4 Installation
WARNING
Unqualified personnel
Inappropriate handling may cause serious injury or property damage.
Only qualified personnel are allowed to carry out the described work.
4.1 Unpacking
NOTICE
Physical overstraining at controller
Inappropriate handling with the valve may cause in damage of controller.
Do not place the valve on the controller.
CAUTION
Valve is a heavy component
Physical overstraining.
Use a crane to lift valves DN 200 (8”) and larger.
•
Make sure that the supplied products are in accordance with your order.
• Inspect the quality of the supplied products visually. If it does not meet your
requirements, please contact VAT immediately.
• Store the original packaging material. It may be useful if products must be returned
to VAT.
1. Open the transport case and remove inside packing material as far as necessary.
2. Attach lifting device for valves DN 200 (8”) and larger. For attachment refer to dimensional drawing of
valve.
3. Lift the valve carefully and place it on a clean place.
Do not remove protective foils from valve opening

Series 651 INSTALLATION
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 17/
99
4.2 Installation into the system
WARNING
Valve opening
Risk of serious injury.
Human body parts must be kept out of the valve opening and away from moving parts.
Do not connect the controller to power before the valve is installed complete into the
system.
WARNING
Valve in open position
Risk of injury when compressed air is connected to the valve.
Connect compressed air only when:
– valve is installed in the vacuum system
– moving parts cannot be touched
NOTICE
Sealing surfaces
Sealing surfaces of valve and vacuum system could be damage in case of incorrect
handling.
Only qualified personal are allowed to install the valve into the vacuum system.
NOTICE
Wrong connection
Wrong connection may result in damage of controller or power supply.
Connect all cables exactly as shown in the following descriptions and schematics.
NOTICE
Burned connector pins (spark)
Connector pins or electronic parts could damage, if plugged and unplugged under
power.
Do not plug or unplug connectors under power.
NOTICE
Contamination
Gate and other parts of the valve must be protected from contamination.
Always wear clean room gloves when handling the valve.

INSTALLATION Series
651
18/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
Mount valve to a clean system only.
4.2.1 Installation space condition
Install the valve with integrated controller with space for dismantling and air circulation
as shown in figure below.
100 mm
50 mm

Series 651 INSTALLATION
605451EC Edition 2014-07-10 19/
99
4.2.2 Connection overview
System:
1 Valve
2 Process chamber
3 Gas inlet
4 Pressure sensor(s)
5 Sensor cable(s)
6 Controller and actuator
7 Cable to remote control unit
8 Cable to power supply
9 Pump
Controller:
4.2.3 Installation procedure
1. Install valve [1] into the vacuum system. Valve seat side should face process chamber. The valve seat
side is indicated by the symbol "∇" on the valve flange.
M
3
4
5
7
8
2
1
9
6
•Do not tighten the flange screws stronger than indicated under «Tightening
torque».

INSTALLATION Series
651
20/99 Edition 2014-07-10 605451EC
2. Connect compressed air supply to connection labeled ‘IN’ located at actuator, see Figure 1 below.
Connect compressed air return line connection labeled ‘OUT’ located at actuator, see Figure 1 below.
3. Install the ground connection cable at controller. Refer to «Electrical connection»
4. Install pressure sensor(s) [2] according to the recommendations of the sensor manufacturer and
directives given under «Requirements to sensor connection».
5. Connect sensor cable [3] to sensor(s) and then to valve (connector: SENSOR).
Refer to chapter «Electrical connection» for correct wiring.
6. Connect valve to Logic [4] (connector: INTERFACE). Refer to «Function and Wiring» for correct
wiring.
7. Connect power supply [5] to valve (connector: POWER). Refer to chapter «Electrical connection» for
correct wiring.
8. This valve has a double sealed rotary feedthrough and optionally an intermediate pumping port for the
actuator shaft. This port (1/8“ ISO/NPT) could be connected to the vacuum line, see Figure 2 below.
9. This valve may optionally be equipped with a heating device. Connect VAT heating device according
to manual of respective heating device.
10.Perform «Setup procedure» to prepare valve for operation.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
•Do not admit higher forces to the valve than indicated under «Admissible forces».
•Make sure that enough space is kept free to do preventive maintenance work.
The required space is indicated on the dimensional drawing.
•
Compressed air pressure must be in the range of: 4 - 7 bar / 55 - 100 psi (above
ATM).
•Use only clean, dry or slightly oiled air. IN / OUT connections are 1/8“ ISO/NPT
internal threads.
Input for second sensor is available on 651 . . - . . .
E
- . . . . version only.
To provide power to the valve motor pins 4 and 8 must be bridged, otherwise motor
interlock is active and the valve enters the safety mode and is not operative. Refer
also to «Safety mode».
Without performing the setup procedure the valve will not be able to do pressure
control.
intermediate
pumping port
IN
OUT