Wylie Express Programming manual

Operator’s & Parts Manual
“Express” Hot Pressure
Washer Trailer
Printed In The USA — Specications & Design Subject To Change Without Notice!
5-1-18 18-010R0

This is a limited warranty. It covers products manufactured by WYLIE Mfg. Co. The Warrantor is WYLIE Mfg. Co., 702 E. 40th
St., Lubbock, Texas 79404 USA. The duration of the warranty for WYLIE manufactured equipment and products (excluding
polyethylene tanks) is for one year from date of delivery to the carrier. The Warrantor warrants to the Buyer that the product(s)
sold hereunder are free from defects to material and workmanship, under normal use and service, in the hands of the original buyer.
If goods are defective, the defective goods will be replaced with identical goods. If identical goods are not available, the Buyer
may elect to receive a refund of the purchase price for the defective goods, or the Buyer may order similar goods. The damage
for defective goods shall not exceed the purchase price of the defective goods. No allowance shall be made for labor
or expense or repairing goods without prior approval in writing by the Warrantor. The Buyer’s remedy under this warranty
does not include incidental or consequential damages.
For products not manufactured by the Warrantor, the Warrantor warrants these products to the extent of the warranties of their
respective manufactures. There are no warranties which extend beyond this limited warranty, including the implied
warranty of merchantability. Dealers or representatives shall not make any representation in regard to particular goods except
as authorized by the Warrantor through a written warranty accompanying those particular goods.
WYLIE Mfg. Co., and its divisions, “Wylie Spray Centers,” in each location, requires as a condition of sale and coverage by its
LIMITED WARRANTY that all equipment sold by it be used in accordance with the instructions and specications of the Warrantor.
This requirement is in addition to the LIMITED WARRANTY.
Polyethylene and berglass tanks – These tanks are warranted for the storage and transport of water, herbicide solutions
(on farm), liquid fertilizer and liquid feed. Such tanks should not be used for the storage of any bulk herbicide (undiluted). Any
such use will render this warranty void.
In addition, the Warrantor makes no warranty with regard to bulkhead tank ttings used in connection with tanks containing bulk
herbicides and the use of any such ttings sold by the Warrantor or any WYLIE dealer in connection with tanks containing bulk
herbicides is improper.
Chemical Incompatibility – The Warrantor does not make any recommendations or warranties regarding chemical compatibility.
WYLIE shall not be liable for any damages due to chemical incompatibility, and any Buyer or user should rely solely on written
information furnished by the chemical manufacturer regarding chemical compatibility.
No employee of WYLIE Mfg. Co., or its representatives, agents or dealers, is authorized to vary the terms of this limited warranty.
This equipment was carefully designed and manufactured to give you dependable service. To insure e󰀩cient operation of
this equipment, please read this operator’s manual carefully. Check each item and acquaint yourself with the adjustments
required to maintain optimum performance and operation. Remember, this equipment’s performance depends on
how you operate and care for it!
At the end of each season, thoroughly clean and inspect your equipment. Preventive maintenance saves time and pays
dividends. Your nearest Wylie Spray Center has original equipment parts which assure proper t and best performance.
Record your equipment’s model and serial numbers and the date you purchased this equipment in the space below.
Have this information available when you order parts or attachments.
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Date Purchased:
A Message To The Owner And Operator
Limited Warranty
Disclaimer of Warranty
Warranty Information

Date of Purchase
Model Number
Frame Serial Number
Tank Serial Number
Pressure Washer Serial Number
Wylie Invoice Number
Owner’s Name
Address
City State Zip
Phone
Email
Dealer
Owner’s Signature
Must be returned within 10 days to validate the warranty.
Wylie Manufacturing Company
702 E. 40th St.
Lubbock, TX 79404
Ph. 888-788-7753
“Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer
Type of Applicator:
Hot
Trailer Capacity
500 1,250
1,025
Owner Registration
-- Or Register Online --
Go to: www.wyliesprayers.com

.

1
Table of Contents
Table Of Contents
Safety Issues ...........................................................................................................................................................2 - 3
Reporting Safety Defects.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Safety Decals & Placement .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Inspection & Setup ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Operation - “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer ................................................................................................7 - 8
Maintenance, Lubrication ........................................................................................................................................8 - 9
Troubleshooting Guidelines ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Tire Safety Information ........................................................................................................................................ 11 - 21
Repair Parts.........................................................................................................................................................23 - 31
500 Gallon Trailer Assembly ............................................................................................. 24
1,025 Gallon Trailer Assembly .......................................................................................... 25
1,250 Gallon Trailer Assembly .......................................................................................... 26
Axles & Hubs .................................................................................................................... 27
Lighting ............................................................................................................................. 28
Trailer Plumbing ............................................................................................................... 29
Sight Gauge / Bypass Plumbing ....................................................................................... 30
Anti-Siphon Fill Kit / Hose Reel Assembly ........................................................................ 31

2
Safety Issues
Be alert when you see the above symbol in the manual. It warns of a hazard
which might lead to injury. It means: Attention! Become alert! Your safety is
Involved!
Three (3) words (Danger, Warning, and Caution) are associated with this symbol.
DANGER – Indicates a hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word
is to be limited to the most extreme situations.
WARNING – Indicates a hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION – Indicates a hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
NOTICE – Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related (e.g., messages relating to property damage).
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS - Indicates a type of safety sign where specic safety-related instructions or procedures are described.
Before Use
Do not operate trailer until this manual has been read and understood!
• Thoroughly read and understand all instructions before operating this trailer. If you have questions,
please contact Wylie Manufacturing, 702 E. 40th St., Lubbock, TX 79404, [phone].
You can also contact your nearest Wylie Spray Center.
• Make sure that the trailer is properly attached to the tow vehicle, including lights, safety chains, hitch and
breakaway brake cable.
• Check lug bolts for tightness and tires for wear.
• Adjust hitch height as needed to assure that trailer is level when fully loaded.
• Always wear safety goggles, chemical resistant apron and rubber gloves when handling chemicals.
• Read and understand the chemical manufacturer’s safety guidelines on handling, mixing and application.
During Use
• Do not point the spray wand toward any person, animal or body part. The extreme pressure can cause severe
bodily injury.
• Always turn o󰀨 tow vehicle engine before making adjustments or repairs to an attached trailer.
Safety Precautions

3
Safety Issues
• Inspect trailer for wear or damage.
• Ensure that all fasteners and ttings are tight.
• Flush tank and pump with fresh water if chemicals are used. Dispose of ush water using
appropriate means.
• Carry out maintenance and/or lubrication procedures as outlined in this manual.
• Keep hands, feet and clothing away from moving parts and the spray pattern.
• Wear protective clothing and gloves when working with chemicals.
• Assure that the hitch is attached to the proper size ball.
• Attach the safety chains and breakaway brake cable to the tow vehicle.
• Plug the lights into the tow vehicle.
• Do not permit others to ride on the trailer.
• Operate tow vehicle smoothly – no jerky turns, starts and stops.
• Hitch only to the hitch points recommended by the tow vehicle manufacturer.
• When tow vehicle is idle, engage brakes and park lock securely.
• Tighten lug bolts before transporting the rst time and maintain proper torque.
• Check lights and wiring daily. Service and replace to maintain proper operation.
After Use
Always
Operator’s Instructions
Wylie Manufacturing, 702 E. 40th St., Lubbock, TX 79404
Reporting Safety Defects
If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should
immediately inform the National Highway Tra󰀩c Safety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Wylie
Manufacturing.
If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it nds that a safety defect exists in a
group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in indi-
vidual problems between you, your dealer, or Wylie Manufacturing.
To contact NHTSA you may either call the Auto Safey Hotline toll-free at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153);
go to http://www.safercar.gov; or write to:
NHTSA
U. S. Department of Transportation
12000 New Jersey SE
Washington, DC 20590
You can also obtain other information about motor vehicle safety from the http://www.safercar.gov.

4
Safety Decals & Placement
Safety Issues
“Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer
Contact us at [email protected] or 888-788-7753 to order safety decal
or manual replacements.
Decal #V9020 Decal #V9029
Decal #V9056
Decal #SW700
Decal #SW701W
Decal #V9055

5
The Wylie “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailers are the result of years of testing and eld proven experience. They
are built of the nest materials and expert workmanship to provide you with years of reliable service. The “Express” Hot
Pressure Washer Trailer is a DOT approved trailer with a 500, 1,025, or 1,250 gal. tank. Features include a Pressure Pro
3500 pressure washer powered by either a gas or diesel engine as well as a 180º swivel hose reel and anti-siphon ll kit.
This manual explains where and how to make necessary adjustments to your “Express” for safe and proper operation.
The Pressure Pro pressure washer is supplied with its own manual as well. Thoroughly read and understand the contents
of both manuals before operating your sprayer. If you have questions or do not understand particular items, contact your
nearest Wylie Spray Center or call Wylie Manufacturing at [phone]. Please keep this manual handy to answer
questions you may have as they arise.
Pay Particular Attention To All Safety Suggestions – Their purpose is to assure safe operation of the sprayer and
prevent injury or damage to yourself or the unit.
Introduction
Introduction
1,250 Gal. “Express” Hot Pressure
Washer Trailer
1,025 Gal. “Express” Hot Pressure
Washer Trailer
500 Gal. “Express” Hot Pressure
Washer Trailer

6
Inspection & Setup
Inspection & Setup
Your “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer is delivered
ready for operation. However, it is suggested that you
check fasteners for tightness such as lug nuts. Check the
motor to assure that it has the proper oil level (see the mo-
tor operator’s manual for details). Make a visual inspection
to assure that nothing was damaged in shipping. Report
any problems to your dealer or to Wylie Mfg.
The operator’s manuals for the trailer and the pressure
washer are stored in the manual storage sleeve. Read
both of these manuals to have a good working knowledge
of this unit before operating.
Attaching To Pickup
The 500, 1,025, and 1,250 gallon trailers are equipped
with a 2 5/16” hitch. Make sure that the pickup has the
proper ball. Remove the lock pin. Pull the lock collar back
to open the hitch. Lower the hitch on the ball. Close the
hitch and replace the lock pin.
Attach the safety chains and plug in the lights. DOT regu-
lations require that the safety chains cross as they
are attached. Surge and electric brake trailers have an
Figure A2
Attaching Trailer To Pickup
Figure A3
Remove Hitch To Prevent Theft
Check to make sure that the ball and hitch are the
same size. Attaching a 2 5/16” hitch to a 2” ball
could allow the trailer to become unhitched during
transport resulting in serious bodily injury.
emergency brake cable that activates the trailer brakes if the
trailer becomes unhitched from the pickup while travelling.
Hook the brake cable to the safety chain eyelet.
The Pressure Washer Trailer is equipped with a height ad-
justable hitch. Remove the bolts and move the hitch so that
the trailer will travel level when the tank is full.
The bolted hitch can be removed to help prevent theft of
the trailer.
Figure A1
Manual Storage Sleeve
< Manual Storage Sleeve
Crossed >
Safety
Chains
< Emergency
Brake Cable
< Electric Cable
Lock Pin >
< Lock Collar

7
Operation -- “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer
Filling The Tank
The water tank on the “Express” Hot Pressure Washer
Trailer can be lled by two means: (1) through the anti-
siphon ll tube (2) through the garden hose tting.
Note: Open the ball valves by turning the handle parallel
to the ow. Close the valve by turning the handle perpen-
dicular to the ow.
To ll the tank through the anti-siphon ll, remove the tank
lid, couple the ll hose to the anti-siphon coupler and turn
the water source on as shown in Figure B1.
The tank can be lled though the garden hose tting. This
should only be used when the water source is a closed
system such as a private well. Most municipal water sys-
tems require the use of the anti-siphon ll to prevent any
possibility of any water siphoning from the tank back into
the water system.
To ll the tank through the garden hose tting, remove
the hose from the hose wrap and couple the hose to the
garden hose tting as shown in Figure B2. Open the tank
valve and open the ll valve.
Figure B1
Filling Through the Anti-Siphon Fill
Anti-Siphon >
Fill Tube
< Fill Hose
< Open Tank Valve
Garden Hose >
Open Fill Valve >
< Hose Wrap
Figure B2
Filling Through the Garden Hose Fitting
When the tank is full, close the ll valve. Remove the hose
from the tting and roll up on the hose wrap.
Operating the Pressure Washer
It is recommended to roll out the pressure hose before
starting the pressure washer. Remove the pins and swivel
the hose reel in the desired direction. Loosen the set screw
to release the hose reel. Quick couple the spray gun to the
pressure hose.
Operation -- “Express”
Set Screw >
< Pin
< Swivel Mount
< Pressure Hose
< Spray Gun
Figure B3
Pressure Hose 180º Swivel Hose Reel

8
The pressure washer can be supplied from either the main
tank or from a garden hose.
Supplying from Tank
Open the tank valve and close the ll valve.
Supplying from Hose
Attach the hose to the ll valve tting. Close the tank valve
and open the ll valve.
The Pressure Pro 3500 pressure washer is equipped
with its own operating manual. The manual is located
in the same storage sleeve as this manual. Refer to the
supplied manual for detailed operating instructions for the
pressure washer.
The pressure washer manual will include instructions on
safety procedures, the engine and heater fuel systems,
procedures for applying soap, and the proper way to man-
age the water pressure and hot water.
Operation -- “Express”
Follow all safety and operating instructions to ensure a safe
and e󰀨ective workplace.
Figure B6
Operating Pressure Washer
Figure B5
Valve Setting for Supplying Pressure Washer from Hose
Do not point the spray gun at any person, animal
or body part. Never put your hand, ngers or body
directly in front of the spray nozzle. The pressure
washer generates up to 4,000 psi with water
temperature up to 200º F.
Serious injury or death could result.
Lubrication
Check the engine owner’s manual for the proper oil to add
to the engine.
Some models are equipped with Accu-Lube hubs. If your
trailer is equipped with the Accu-Lube system remove the
rubber plug and place grease gun (no air powered grease
guns) onto the zerk. Pump in new grease until you see the
old grease owing back out of the cap. Wipe o󰀨 old grease
with a towel. Be sure to re-install rubber plug. Service
every 12 months or 12,000 miles. Service more often in
extremely dusty and/or wet conditions.
Standard hubs should be packed once a year or more
often in severe conditions.
< Open Tank
Valve
Closed Fill Valve >
Figure B4
Valve Setting for Supplying Pressure Washer from Tank
< Closed Tank Valve
Open Fill Valve >
< Supply Hose

9
Preparing the Trailer for Cold Weather
The “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer must be pro-
tected from freezing.
Drain the tank by removing the plug from the Tee beneath
the tank. Treat the plug with thread sealant and replace
the plug when the tank is empty.
The pressure washer must have an anti-freeze solution
circulated throughout the washer by one of two options.
RV anti-freeze is a recommended solution.
(1) Pour a couple of gallons of anti-freeze solution in the
empty tank. Open the tank valve. Remove the spray tip,
start the pressure washer, open the spray gun and run until
antifreeze runs out of the end of the gun.
(2) With the main tank empty, attach a short hose to the
garden hose tting, insert the hose into a container of
anti-freeze solution. Close the tank valve and open the ll
valve. Remove the spray tip, start the pressure washer,
open the spray gun and run until antifreeze runs out of the
end of the gun.
Maintenance
Cleaning the Strainer
The “Express” Hot Pressure Washer Trailer is equipped
with a “T” strainer to lter foreign matter from the water.
From time to time it may be necessary to clean the strainer.
Close the tank valve and ll valve to isolate the strainer.
Unscrew the strainer bowl. Be sure to account for the O-
ring. Remove the strainer screen and clean. Reinstall the
screen and bowl. Make sure the O-ring is not pinched or
lost when installing the bowl. Open the tank valve to restore
water ow.
Figure C2
Cleaning the Strainer
Figure C4
Winterizing the Pressure Washer
Figure C3
Draining the Tank
Rubber Plug >
Figure C1
Wheel With Accu-Lube Hub
Maintenance
< Closed Tank
Valve
< Closed Fill
Valve
< Strainer Bowl
< O-Ring
Strainer Screen >
< Closed Tank
Valve
Open Fill >
Valve
< Short Hose
< Anti-freeze solution
Plug >
Tee >
Tank >

10
Troubleshooting Guidelines
Troubleshooting
Problem Cause Solution
Pump Will Not
Operate
(1) Engine not starting or running properly (1) Refer to engine owner’s manual
Pump will not spray
solution
(1) Spray tank empty
(2) Main tank ball valve closed (draw from
tank)
(3) Fill ball valve closed (draw from garden
hose)
(4) Malfunctioning pump
(1) Fill tank
(2) Open main tank ball valve and close ll
valve
(3) Open ll valve and close tank valve;
( w i t h w a t e r s o u r c e  o w i n g )
(4) See pump owners manual or contact
Wylie Spray Center
Pump output is very
low; erratic
(1) Spray tank low; air getting in pump
(2) Tank ball valve partially closed
(3) Collapsed suction hose
(4) Air leak in suction system
(5) Malfunctioning pump
(6) Engine speed too slow
(7) Line strainer clogged
(1) Fill tank
(2) Open ball valve
(3) Replace suction hose
(4) Tighten ttings;
Check for cracked or cut components;
Apply thread sealant to pipe threads;
Close ll valve (if drawing from tank).
(5) See pump owners manual
o r c o n t a c t W y l i e S p r a y C e n t e r
(6) Increase engine speed
(7) Clean strainer
No output or
insu󰀩cient pressure
at spray tip(s)
(1) Air leak in suction side of system
(2) Problem with pump
(3) Ball valve malfunctioning
(4) Unloader valve mis-adjusted
(1) See above
(2) See above
(3) Repair or replace ball valve
(4) See pressure washer owners manual
Spray pattern uneven
at tip
(1) Trash in tip orice
(2) Damaged tip orice
(3) Worn or damaged tip
(1) Clean tip
(2), (3) Replace tip

11
Tire Safety Information
1. TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION
This portion of the User’s Manual contains tire safety information as required by 49 CFR 575.6.
Section 2.1 contains “Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit - Trailer”.
Section 2.2 contains “Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit –Tow Vehicle”.
Section 2.3 contains a Glossary of Tire Terminology, including “cold inflation pressure”, “maximum inflation
pressure”, “recommended inflation pressure”, and other non-technical terms.
Section 2.4 contains information from the NHTSA brochure entitled “Tire Safety –Everything Rides On It”.
This brochure This brochure, as well as the preceding subsections, describes the following items;
Tire labeling, including a description and explanation of each marking on the tires, and information
about the DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN).
Recommended tire inflation pressure, including a description and explanation of:
A. Cold inflation pressure.
B. Vehicle Placard and location on the vehicle.
C. Adverse safety consequences of under inflation (including tire failure).
D. Measuring and adjusting air pressure for proper inflation.
Tire Care, including maintenance and safety practices.
Vehicle load limits, including a description and explanation of the following items:
A. Locating and understanding the load limit information, total load capacity, and cargo capacity.
B. Calculating total and cargo capacities with varying seating configurations including quantitative examples
showing / illustrating how the vehicles cargo and luggage capacity decreases as combined number and size
of occupants’ increases. This item is also discussed in Section 3.
C. Determining compatibility of tire and vehicle load capabilities.
D. Adverse safety consequences of overloading on handling and stopping on tires.
1.1. STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT –TRAILER
Determining the load limits of a trailer includes more than understanding the load limits of the tires alone. On all trailers
there is a Federal certification/VIN label that is located on the forward half of the left (road) side of the unit. This
certification/VIN label will indicate the trailer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). This is the most weight the fully
loaded trailer can weigh. It will also provide the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This is the most a particular axle
can weigh. If there are multiple axles, the GAWR of each axle will be provided.
If your trailer has a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, there is a vehicle placard located in the same location as the
certification label described above. This placard provides tire and loading information. In addition, this placard will show
a statement regarding maximum cargo capacity. Cargo can be added to the trailer, up to the maximum weight specified on
the placard. The combined weight of the cargo is provided as a single number. In any case, remember: the total weight of
a fully loaded trailer can not exceed the stated GVWR.
For trailers with living quarters installed, the weight of water and propane also need to be considered. The weight of fully
filled propane containers is considered part of the weight of the trailer before it is loaded with cargo, and is not considered
part of the disposable cargo load. Water however, is a disposable cargo weight and is treated as such. If there is a fresh
water storage tank of 100 gallons, this tank when filled would weigh about 800 pounds. If more cargo is being
transported, water can be off-loaded to keep the total amount of cargo added to the vehicle within the limits of the GVWR
so as not to overload the vehicle. Understanding this flexibility will allow you, the owner, to make choices that fit your
travel needs.
When loading your cargo, be sure it is distributed evenly to prevent overloading front to back and side to side. Heavy
items should be placed low and as close to the axle positions as reasonable. Too many items on one side may overload a
tire. The best way to know the actual weight of the vehicle is to weigh it at a public scale. Talk to your dealer to discuss
the weighing methods needed to capture the various weights related to the trailer. This would include the weight empty or
unloaded, weights per axle, wheel, hitch or king-pin, and total weight.
Tire Safety Information

12
Excessive loads and/or underinflation cause tire overloading and, as a result, abnormal tire flexing occurs. This situation
can generate an excessive amount of heat within the tire. Excessive heat may lead to tire failure. It is the air pressure that
enables a tire to support the load, so proper inflation is critical. The proper air pressure may be found on the
certification/VIN label and/or on the Tire Placard. This value should never exceed the maximum cold inflation pressure
stamped on the tire.
1.1.1. TRAILERS 10,000 POUNDS GVWR OR LESS
Tire and Loading Information Placard – Figure 1-1
1. Locate the statement, “The weight of cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.,” on your vehicle’s
placard. See figure 1-1.
2. This figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity.
3. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not
safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity.
The trailer’s placard refers to the Tire Information Placard attached adjacent to or near the trailer’s VIN
(Certification) label at the left front of the trailer.
1.1.2. TRAILERS OVER 10,000 POUNDS GVWR (NOTE:THESE TRAILERS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO HAVE A TIRE
INFORMATION PLACARD ON THE VEHICLE)
1. Determine the empty weight of your trailer by weighing the trailer using a public scale or other means.
This step does not have to be repeated.
2. Locate the GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) of the trailer on your trailer’s VIN (Certification) label.
3. Subtract the empty weight of your trailer from the GVWR stated on the VIN label. That weight is the
maximum available cargo capacity of the trailer and may not be safely exceeded.
1.2. STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT –TOW VEHICLE
1. Locate the statement, “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs.,” on
your vehicle’s placard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers who will be riding in your vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.
4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage capacity. For example, if the “XXX”
amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available
cargo and luggage capacity is 650 lbs. (1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.).
5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not
safely exceed the available cargo and luggage capacity calculated in Step # 4.
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult the
tow vehicle’s manual to determine how this weight transfer reduces the available cargo and luggage
capacity of your vehicle.
1.3. GLOSSARY OF TIRE TERMINOLOGY
Accessory weight
The combined weight (in excess of those standard items which may be replaced) of automatic transmission,
power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, radio and heater, to the extent that these items
are available as factory-installed equipment (whether installed or not).
Tire Safety Information

13
Bead
The part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is shaped to fit the
rim.
Bead separation
This is the breakdown of the bond between components in the bead.
Bias ply tire
A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less
than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread.
Carcass
The tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears the load.
Chunking
The breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall.
Cold inflation pressure
The pressure in the tire before you drive.
Cord
The strands forming the plies in the tire.
Cord separation
The parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds.
Cracking
Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner liner of the tire extending to cord material.
CT
A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim is designed with rim flanges
pointed radially inward and the tire is designed to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the
rim flanges inside the air cavity of the tire.
Curb weight
The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and
coolant, and, if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight optional engine.
Extra load tire
A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard
tire.
Groove
The space between two adjacent tread ribs.
Gross Axle Weight Rating
The maximum weight that any axle can support, as published on the Certification / VIN label on the front left
side of the trailer. Actual weight determined by weighing each axle on a public scale, with the trailer attached
to the towing vehicle.
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
The maximum weight of the fully loaded trailer, as published on the Certification / VIN label. Actual weight
determined by weighing trailer on a public scale, without being attached to the towing vehicle.
Hitch Weight
The downward force exerted on the hitch ball by the trailer coupler.
Innerliner
The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium within the tire.
Innerliner separation
The parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass.
Tire Safety Information

14
Intended outboard sidewall
The sidewall that contains a white-wall, bears white lettering or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name
molding that is higher or deeper than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire or the outward facing
sidewall of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a
vehicle.
Light truck (LT) tire
A tire designated by its manufacturer as primarily intended for use on lightweight trucks or multipurpose
passenger vehicles.
Load rating
The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure.
Maximum load rating
The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire.
Maximum permissible inflation pressure
The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated.
Maximum loaded vehicle weight
The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight.
Measuring rim
The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements.
Pin Weight
The downward force applied to the 5th wheel or gooseneck ball, by the trailer kingpin or gooseneck coupler.
Non-pneumatic rim
A mechanical device which, when a non-pneumatic tire assembly incorporates a wheel, supports the tire, and
attaches, either integrally or separably, to the wheel center member and upon which the tire is attached.
Non-pneumatic spare tire assembly
A non-pneumatic tire assembly intended for temporary use in place of one of the pneumatic tires and rims that
are fitted to a passenger car in compliance with the requirements of this standard.
Non-pneumatic tire
A mechanical device which transmits, either directly or through a wheel or wheel center member, the vertical
load and tractive forces from the roadway to the vehicle, generates the tractive forces that provide the
directional control of the vehicle and does not rely on the containment of any gas or fluid for providing those
functions.
Non-pneumatic tire assembly
A non-pneumatic tire, alone or in combination with a wheel or wheel center member, which can be mounted on
a vehicle.
Normal occupant weight
This means 68 kilograms (150 lbs.) times the number of occupants specified in the second column of Table I
of 49 CFR 571.110.
Occupant distribution
The distribution of occupants in a vehicle as specified in the third column of Table I of 49 CFR 571.110.
Open splice
Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord material.
Outer diameter
The overall diameter of an inflated new tire.
Overall width
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The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including elevations due to
labeling, decorations, or protective bands or ribs.
Ply
A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords.
Ply separation
A parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies.
Pneumatic tire
A mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other materials, that, when mounted on an
automotive wheel, provides the traction and contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load.
Production options weight
The combined weight of those installed regular production options weighing over 2.3 kilograms (5 lbs.) in
excess of those standard items which they replace, not previously considered in curb weight or accessory
weight, including heavy duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy duty battery, and special trim.
Radial ply tire
A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90 degrees to the
centerline of the tread.
Recommended inflation pressure
This is the inflation pressure provided by the vehicle manufacturer on the Tire Information label and on the
Certification / VIN tag.
Reinforced tire
A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard
tire.
Rim
A metal support for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.
Rim diameter
This means the nominal diameter of the bead seat.
Rim size designation
This means the rim diameter and width.
Rim type designation
This means the industry of manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or code.
Rim width
This means the nominal distance between rim flanges.
Section width
The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding elevations due to
labeling, decoration, or protective bands.
Sidewall
That portion of a tire between the tread and bead.
Sidewall separation
The parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall.
Special Trailer (ST) tire
The "ST" is an indication the tire is for trailer use only.
Test rim
The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire.
Tread
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That portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road.
Tread rib
A tread section running circumferentially around a tire.
Tread separation
Pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass.
Treadwear indicators (TWI)
The projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degrees of wear of the
tread.
Vehicle capacity weight
The rated cargo and luggage load plus 68 kilograms (150 lbs.) times the vehicle’s designated seating capacity.
Vehicle maximum load on the tire
The load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded
vehicle weight and dividing by two.
Vehicle normal load on the tire
The load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the curb weight,
accessory weight, and normal occupant weight (distributed in accordance with Table I of CRF 49 571.110) and
dividing by 2.
Weather side
The surface area of the rim not covered by the inflated tire.
Wheel center member
In the case of a non-pneumatic tire assembly incorporating a wheel, a mechanical device which attaches,
either integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic rim and provides the connection between the non-
pneumatic rim and the vehicle; or, in the case of a non-pneumatic tire assembly not incorporating a wheel, a
mechanical device which attaches, either integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic tire and provides the
connection between tire and the vehicle.
Wheel-holding fixture
The fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing.
1.4. TIRE SAFETY -EVERYTHING RIDES ON IT
The National Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has published a brochure (DOT HS 809 361) that
discusses all aspects of Tire Safety, as required by CFR 575.6. This brochure is reproduced in part below. It
can be obtained and downloaded from NHTSA, free of charge, from the following web site:
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/TireSafety/ridesonit/tires_index.html
Studies of tire safety show that maintaining proper tire pressure, observing tire and vehicle load limits (not
carrying more weight in your vehicle than your tires or vehicle can safely handle), avoiding road hazards, and
inspecting tires for cuts, slashes, and other irregularities are the most important things you can do to avoid tire
failure, such as tread separation or blowout and flat tires. These actions, along with other care and
maintenance activities, can also:
Improve vehicle handling
Help protect you and others from avoidable breakdowns and accidents
Improve fuel economy
Increase the life of your tires.
This booklet presents a comprehensive overview of tire safety, including information on the following topics:
Basic tire maintenance
Uniform Tire Quality Grading System
Fundamental characteristics of tires
Tire Safety Information