Zte ZXR10 T600 User manual

ZXR10T600/T1200
CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
UserManual(IPv6Volume)
Version2.8.30
ZTECORPORATION
ZTEPlaza,KejiRoadSouth,
Hi-TechIndustrialPark,
NanshanDistrict,Shenzhen,
P .R.China
518057
Tel:(86)75526771900
Fax:(86)75526770801
URL:http://ensupport.zte.com.cn
E-mail:[email protected]

LEGALINFORMATION
Copyright©2006ZTECORPORATION.
Thecontentsofthisdocumentareprotectedbycopyrightlawsandinternationaltreaties.Anyreproductionordistributionof
thisdocumentoranyportionofthisdocument,inanyformbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofZTECORPO-
RATIONisprohibited.Additionally,thecontentsofthisdocumentareprotectedbycontractualcondentialityobligations.
Allcompany,brandandproductnamesaretradeorservicemarks,orregisteredtradeorservicemarks,ofZTECORPORATION
oroftheirrespectiveowners.
Thisdocumentisprovided“asis” ,andallexpress,implied,orstatutorywarranties,representationsorconditionsaredis-
claimed,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantyofmerchantability,tnessforaparticularpurpose,titleornon-in-
fringement.ZTECORPORATIONanditslicensorsshallnotbeliablefordamagesresultingfromtheuseoforrelianceonthe
informationcontainedherein.
ZTECORPORATIONoritslicensorsmayhavecurrentorpendingintellectualpropertyrightsorapplicationscoveringthesubject
matterofthisdocument.ExceptasexpresslyprovidedinanywrittenlicensebetweenZTECORPORATIONanditslicensee,
theuserofthisdocumentshallnotacquireanylicensetothesubjectmatterherein.
ZTECORPORATIONreservestherighttoupgradeormaketechnicalchangetothisproductwithoutfurthernotice.
UsersmayvisitZTEtechnicalsupportwebsitehttp://ensupport.zte.com.cntoinquirerelatedinformation.
TheultimaterighttointerpretthisproductresidesinZTECORPORATION.
RevisionHistory
RevisionNo.RevisionDateRevisionReason
R1.0Mar .20,2010FirstEdition
SerialNumber:SJ-20100316150743-004

Contents
AboutThisManual..............................................i
SafetyInstruction.............................................1
SafetyInstruction...........................................................1
SafetySigns..................................................................1
IPv6BasicConguration...................................3
IPv6AddressOverview....................................................3
AddressClassication..................................................5
AddressExpressionWay.............................................13
IPv6AddressAutoCongurationT echnology.................15
ConguringIPv6Address................................................16
ConguringIPv6AddressMaintenanceandDiagnosis.........17
IPv6AddressCongurationExamples...............................18
IPv6NeighborDiscoveryProtocol
Conguration..................................................19
IPv6NDPOverview........................................................19
ConguringIPv6NDP.....................................................22
ConguringIPv6NDPMaintenanceandDiagnosis..............23
IPv6NDPCongurationExamples....................................23
IPv6StaticRouteConguration......................25
IPv6StaticRouteOverview.............................................25
ConguringIPv6StaticRoute.........................................25
IPv6StaticRouteCongurationExample..........................26
RIPngConguration........................................27
RIPngOverview.............................................................27
RIPngBasicConguration...............................................29
EnablingRIPng..........................................................29
ConguringEnhancedRIPng.......................................29
ConguringRIPngMaintenanceandDiagnosis...................30
RIPngCongurationExample..........................................30
OSPFv3Conguration......................................33

OSPFv3Overview..........................................................33
IntroductiontoOSPFv3..............................................33
DifferencesbetweenOSPFv3andOSPFv2.....................33
LSAType..................................................................35
OSPFv3BasicConguration............................................36
EnablingOSPFv3.......................................................36
ConguringOSPFv3InterfaceAttributes.......................37
ConguringOSPFv3ProtocolAttributes........................38
ConguringOSPFv3MaintenanceandDiagnosis................39
OSPFv3CongurationExample........................................40
IS-ISv6Conguration.....................................43
IS-ISv6Overview..........................................................43
IS-ISv6BasicConguration............................................44
EnablingIS-ISv6.......................................................44
ConguringIS-ISv6GlobalParameters.........................44
ConguringIS-ISv6InterfaceParameters.....................46
ConguringIS-ISv6MaintenanceandDiagnosis................48
IS-ISv6CongurationExamples......................................49
SingleAreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample...................49
MultiAreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample.....................50
BGP4+Conguration.......................................53
BGP4+Overview...........................................................53
BGP4+BasicConguration.............................................54
EnablingBGP4+........................................................54
ConguringBGP4+RouteAdvertisement......................55
ConguringBGP4+AggregationAdvertisement.............55
ConguringEBGPMultihop..........................................56
FilteringRoutesUsingRouteMap.................................57
ConguringBGPRoutingMode...................................58
ConguringIPv6AddressFamilyMode.........................60
ConguringBGP4+MaintenanceandDiagnosis.................61
BGP4+CongurationExample.........................................62
IPv6TunnelConguration...............................65
IPv6TunnelOverview.....................................................65
IPv6TunnelTechnology..............................................65
IPv6/IPv4DualStackT echnology.................................67
NetworkAddressTranslationTechnology.......................67
ConguringIPv6Tunnel..................................................68
ConguringIPv6TunnelMaintenanceandDiagnosis...........69
IPv6TunnelCongurationExample..................................69


AboutThisManual
PurposeThismanualprovidesproceduresandguidelinesthatsupportthe
operationonZTEZXR10T600/T1200routers.
Intended
Audience
Thismanualisintendedforengineersandtechnicianswhoperform
operationactivitiesonZTErouters.
PrerequisiteSkill
andKnowledge
Tousethismanualeffectively,usersshouldhaveageneralunder-
standingofOSIModel.Familiaritywiththefollowingishelpful:
�Protocols
�Routingconceptsanddatacommunicationterms
WhatIsinThis
Manual
Thismanualcontainsthefollowingchapters:
ChapterSummary
Chapter1,SafetyInstructionDescribesthesafetyinstructions
andsigns.
Chapter2,IPv6Basic
Conguration
Describesthebasicconguration
ofIPv6addressonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter3,IPv6Neighbor
DiscoveryProtocolConguration
DescribesNDPanditsrelevant
congurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter4,IPv6StaticRoute
Conguration
DescribesIPv6staticrouteandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter5,RIPngCongurationDescribesRIPngprotocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter6,OSPFv3CongurationDescribesOSPFv3protocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter7,IS-ISv6CongurationDescribesIS-ISv6protocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter8,BGP4+CongurationDescribesBGPprotocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.
Chapter9,IPv6T unnel
Conguration
DescribesIPv6transition
technologyandtunnel,as
wellastherelatedconguration
onZXR10T600/T1200.
Related
Documentation
Thefollowingdocumentationisrelatedtothismanual:
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
HardwareInstallationManual
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATIONi

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
HardwareManual
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
UserManual(BasicCongurationVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
UserManual(IPv4RoutingVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
UserManual(MPLSVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeI)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeII)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeIII)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(EthernetSwitchingVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(IPv4RoutingVolumeI)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(IPv4RoutingVolumeII)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(IPv6Volume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(MulticastVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(MPLSVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(NetworkManagementVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(QoSVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(RemoteAccessVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(SecurityVolume)
�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter
CommandManual(VoiceandVideoServiceVolume)
iiCondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter1
SafetyInstruction
TableofContents
SafetyInstruction...............................................................1
SafetySigns......................................................................1
SafetyInstruction
Onlydulytrainedandqualiedpersonnelcaninstall,operateand
maintainthedevices.
Duringthedeviceinstallation,operationandmaintenance,please
abidebythelocalsafetyspecicationsandrelatedoperationin-
structions,otherwisephysicalinjurymayoccurordevicesmaybe
broken.Thesafetyprecautionsmentionedinthismanualareonly
supplementoflocalsafetyspecications.
Thedebugcommandsonthedeviceswillaffecttheperformance
ofthedevices,whichmaybringseriousconsequences.Sotake
caretousedebugcommands.Especially,thedebugallcom-
mandwillopenalldebugprocesses,sothiscommandmustnot
beusedonthedeviceswithservices.Itisnotrecommendedto
usethedebugcommandswhentheusernetworksareinnormal
state.
ZTECorporationwillassumenoresponsibilityforconsequencesre-
sultingfromviolationofgeneralspecicationsforsafetyoperations
orofsafetyrulesfordesign,productionanduseofthedevices.
SafetySigns
Thecontentsthatusersshouldpayattentiontowhentheyinstall,
operateandmaintaindevicesareexplainedinthefollowingfor-
mats:
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION1

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
Warning:
Indicatesthemattersneedingcloseattention.Ifthisisignored,
seriousinjuryaccidentsmayhappenordevicesmaybedamaged.
Caution:
Indicatesthemattersneedingattentionduringconguration.
Note:
Indicatesthedescription,hint,tip,andsoonforcongurationop-
erations.
2CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2
IPv6BasicConfiguration
TableofContents
IPv6AddressOverview........................................................3
ConguringIPv6Address....................................................16
ConguringIPv6AddressMaintenanceandDiagnosis.............17
IPv6AddressCongurationExamples...................................18
IPv6AddressOverview
IPversion6isanewIPprotocol,designedtoreplaceIPversion4,
theInternetprotocolthatispredominantlydeployedandexten-
sivelyusedthroughouttheworld.
However ,theoriginaldesigndidnotanticipatethefollowingcon-
ditions:
�RecentexponentialgrowthoftheInternetandtheimpending
exhaustionoftheIPv4addressspace.
�GrowthoftheInternetandtheabilityofInternetbackbone
routerstomaintainlargeroutingtables.
�Needforsimplerautocongurationandrenumbering.
�RequirementforsecurityattheIPlevel.
�Needforbettersupporttoreal-timedeliveryofdata—also
calledqualityofservice(QoS).
Note:
FeaturessuchasIPSecurity(IPSec)andQoShavebeenspecied
forbothversionsofIP .
IPv6featuresahugeaddresscapacityupto128bits,whichis
describedasbelow:
�Itprovides2128differentIPv6addresses,thatis,the
numberoftheallocableaddressesaroundtheworldis
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.
�Itprovides2.2×1020addressespercm2ifaddressesareallo-
catedbasedongroundarea.
ThefollowingaredifferencesbetweenIPv4andIPv6inheader
format.
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION3

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
Table1andTable2aretheheaderformatsofIPv4andIPv6re-
spectively.(Numbersinthetablesrefertobitnumbers.)
TABLE1IPV4HEADERFORMAT
4-Version4–Header
Length
8-Service
Type
16-DataPacketLength
16–Identier4–Flags12-
Fragmented
Offset
8–TimetoLive(TTL)8–T rans-
missionPro-
tocol
16–HeaderChecksum
32-SourceAddress
32-DestinationAddress
24–Options8-Padding
TABLE2IPV6HEADERFORMAT
4-Version4–Priority24–FlowLabel
16–PayloadLength8–Next
Header
8–HOP
Limit
128-SourceAddress
128-DestinationAddress
IPv6headerissimplerthanIPv4headerinstructurebecausemany
eldsinIPv4headerthatarenotfrequentlyusedaredeletedfrom
IPv6header ,andputintoitsoptionsandheaderextension,which
aredenedmorestrictly.
�IPv4containsteneldswithxedlength,twoaddressspaces
andsomeoptions,whileIPv6containsonlysixeldsandtwo
addressspaces.
�AlthoughIPv6headeroccupies40bytes,whichis1.6times
ofIPv4headerwith24-bytes,itdoesnotconsumetoomuch
memorycapacityduetoitsxedlength(thelengthoftheIPv4
headerisvariable).
�ThefollowingsixeldsaredeletedfromIPv4header:header
length,typeofservice,identier ,ags,fragmentedoffsets
andheaderchecksum.Namesandsomefunctionsofthe
threeeldsoftotallength,protocolandTimetoLive(TTL)
arechanged,anditsoptionalfunctionsiscompletelychanged.
Apartfromthis,twoeldsareadded:priorityandowlabel.
�IPv6headerformatisgreatlysimplied,whicheffectivelypares
downoverheadofprocessingheaderbyarouterorswitch.At
thesametime,IPv6enhancesthesupporttotheextension
headerandoptions,whichnotonlyallowsmoreefcientfor-
warding,butalsoprovidessufcientsupportsforfutureload
ofnewapplicationstonetworks.EachIPv6packetcanhave0,
4CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration
1ormoreextensionheaders.Eachextensionheaderisdeter-
minedbythe“nextheader”domainofthepreviousheader .
AddressClassification
RFC2373containsa“map”ofIPv6addressspace,whichdescribes
howtheaddressspaceisallocated,thedifferenttypesofaddress
allocation,theprexes(thestartingfewbitsinaddressallocation)
andthelengthofaddressallocation,whichisapartofthewhole
addressspace.Table3showsallocationofIPv6addressspace.
TABLE3IPV6ADDRESSSPACE
AllocationPrexFractionofAddress
Space
Reserved000000001/256
Unallocated000000011/256
ReservedforNSAP
allocation
00000011/128
ReservedforIPX
allocation
00000101/128
Unallocated00000111/128
Unallocated000011/32
Unallocated00011/32
aggregatableglobal
unicastaddress
001[2,3]1/8
Unallocated0101/8
Unallocated0111/8
Unallocated1001/8
Unallocated1011/8
Unallocated1101/8
Unallocated11101/16
Unallocated111101/32
Unallocated1111101/64
Unallocated11111101/128
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION5

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
AllocationPrexFractionofAddress
Space
Unallocated1111111001/512
Linklocalunicast
address
1111111010[FE8]1/1024
Sitelocalunicast
address
1111111011[FEC]1/1024
Multicastaddress11111111[FF]1/256
Note:
Thehexnumberinthe[]inthistablereferstothestartingand
endinghexnumbersofthecorrespondingaddress.
BroadcastaddressinIPv6isnotvalidanymore.RFC2373denes
threetypesofIPv6address:
�Unicast
Itistheidentierofasingleinterface.Thepacketssenttoa
unicastaddresswillbetransmittedtotheinterfacewiththis
addressidentier .
�Multicast
Itistheidentierofagroupofinterfaces.Theseinterfaces
belongtodifferentnodes.Thepacketssenttoamulticastad-
dresswillbetransmittedtoalltheinterfaceswiththisaddress
identier .
�Anycast
Itistheidentierofagroupofinterfaces.Theseinterfacesbe-
longtodifferentnodes.Thepacketssenttoananycastaddress
willbetransmittedtoaninterfacewiththisaddressidentier
(selectingthenearestonebycalculatingthedistancebasedon
routingprotocol).
AnIPv6unicastaddresscanberegardedasanentitywithtwo
elds.Oneeldisusedtoidentifynetworksandtheotherisused
toidentifyinterfacesofnodesonthisnetwork.Inthesubsequent
descriptionofthespecicunicastaddresstypes,theuserwillnd
thatthenetworkidentiercanbedividedintoseveralparts,each
ofwhichidentiesdifferentnetworkpart.
�UnicastAddress
FunctionsofanIPv6unicastaddressaresubjecttoClassless
InterInter-DomainRouting(CIDR),whichisthesameasthat
ofanIPv4address.Thatis,anaddressisdividedintotwo
partsuponaspecicboundary.Thehighbitpartofanaddress
includesprexeforroutingandthelowbitpartincludesiden-
tiersofnetworkinterfaces.
6CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration
IntheIPv6addressingsystemstructure,anyIPv6unicastad-
dressrequiresaninterfaceidentier .Aninterfaceidentier
isverysimilartothe48-bitMediaAccessControl(MAC)ad-
dress.TheMACaddressesareencodedthroughhardwareina
networkinterfacecard.Theyareburnedbythemanufacturer
intoanetworkinterfacecardandaregloballyunique.There
arenotwonetworkinterfacecardswithanidenticalMACad-
dress.Suchaddressescanbeusedtouniquelyidentifythe
interfacesatthenetworklink-layer .
TheinterfaceidentierofanIPv6hostaddressisbasedon
theIEEEEUI-64format,whichcreatesalocallyandglobally
unique64-bitinterfaceidentierbasedontheexistingMAC
addresses.TheappendixattachedtotheRFC2373describes
howtocreateinterfaceidentiers.
These64-bitinterfaceidentierscanaddressonebyoneglob-
allyandcanuniquelyidentifytheinterfaceofeachnetwork.
Thismeansthat,intheory,thereareupto264differentphysi-
calinterfacesandabout1.8x1019differentaddresses,which,
however ,onlyoccupyhalfoftheIPv6addressspace.Itis
enoughintheforeseeablefutureatleast.
TheIPv6unicastaddresscanbeclassiedintothefollowing
categories:
�AggregatableGlobalUnicastAddress
Thisisanotherkindofaggregation,whichisindependentof
InternetServiceProvider(ISP).Theprovider-basedaggre-
gatetiveaddressesmustbechangedasaproviderchanges,
whiletheexchange-basedaddressesaredirectlylocatedby
anIPv6switchingentity.Theexchangeprovidesaddress
blocks,andusersandprovidersconcludecontractsforthe
networkaccess.
Suchnetworkaccessiseitherdirectlyprovidedbya
provider ,orindirectlyprovidedbyanexchange.However ,
theroutingisthroughtheexchange.Inthisway,auser
needsnottoaddressagainwhenitchangesaprovider .At
thesametime,usersareallowedtousemultipleISPsto
processsingle-blocknetworkaddress.
Aggregatableglobalunicastaddressesincludeallthead-
dresseswhosethreestartingbitsare001,whichcanbe
usedasprexesforotherunallocatedunicast.Formatthe
addressesintotheeldsasshowninT able4.
TABLE4AGGREGATABLEGLOBALUNICASTADDRESSFIELDS
3138241664
FPTLA
ID
RESNLA
ID
SIA
ID
Interfaceidentier
Thetableincludesthefollowingelds.
–FPeld
Thisisthe3-bitformatprexinanIPv6address,in-
dicatingtowhichaddresscategoryintheIPv6address
spacethisaddressbelongs.Currently,theeldis001,
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION7

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
indicatingthisistheaggregatableglobalunicastad-
dress.
–TLAIDeld
Thisisthetop-levelaggregationidentier ,includingthe
routinginformationabouttheaddressesatthehighest
level.Here,itreferstotheroutinginformationwiththe
mosthostsinnetworkinterconnection.Currently,this
eldis13-bitandcanobtainatmost8,192different
toplevelroutes.
–RESeld
Thisisan8-biteldandreservedforfutureuse.Itis
likelytobeusedforextendingthetop-ornext-level
aggregationidentiereld.
–NLAIDeld
Thisisthenext-levelaggregationidentierwith24-bit.
Thisidentierareusedbysomeinstitutions(including
large-sizeISPsandotherinstitutionsthatprovidepublic
networkaccess)tocontrolthetop-levelaggregationfor
addressspacearrangement.
Suchinstitutionscandividethis24-biteldforuseinac-
cordancewiththeirownaddressinghierarchicalstructures.
Inthisway,anentitycandividetwobitsofaddressspace
intofourinternaltop-levelroutes,andallocatetheother
22bitsofaddressspacetootherentities(forexample,a
smalllocalISP).
Whentheseentitiesobtainenoughaddressspace,theycan
subdividetheobtainedspaceinthesamewayasmentioned
above.
–SLAIDeld
Thisisthesiteaggregationidentierandisusedby
someinstitutionstoarrangetheirinternalnetwork
structures.Eachinstitutioncancreateitsowninternal
hierarchicalnetworkstructureinthesamewayasthat
ofIPv4.
Whenthe16-biteldisdedicatedtotheplaneaddress
space,thereareatmost65,535differentsubnetsavail-
able.Ifthersteightbitsareusedfortheinternalad-
vancedroutingofthisinstitution,thentherewillbe255
advancedsubnetsavailable,andeachadvancedsubnet
canhaveupto255sub-subnets.
–Interfaceidentiereld
Thisisa64-biteld,containing64-bitvaluesofthe
IEEEEUI-64interfaceidentier .
�SpecialAddress&ReservedAddress
Intherst1/256IPv6addressspace,therst8bits0000
0000ofalltheaddressesarereserved.Mostofthevacant
addressspacesareusedforspecialaddresses,including:
–Undesignatedaddress
Thisisanall-zeroaddressandisusedifnovalidaddress
isavailable.Forexample,ifahostdoesnotobtainan
IPv6addressuponitsinitialstartupfromthenetwork,
8CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration
itcanusethisaddress.Thatis,itcanspecifythisad-
dressforthesourceaddressoftheIPv6packetwhenit
sendsoutarequestforcongurationinformation.This
addresscanbeexpressedas2000:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,or
expressedas2000::1.
–Loopbackaddress
InIPv4,theloopbackaddressisdenedas127.0.0.1.
Anypacketthatsendsaloopbackaddressmustbesent
toanetworkinterfacethroughprotocolstack,insteadof
beingsenttothenetworklink.Thenetworkinterface
itselfshallacceptthesepacketsinthesamewayas
itreceivespacketsfromexternalnodes,andtransmits
thembacktotheprotocolstack.
Theloopbackfunctionisusedforsoftwaretestandcon-
guration.Exceptthelowestbit,alltheotherbitsofan
IPv6loopbackaddressare0,thatis,aloopbackad-
dresscanbeexpressedas0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1or::1.
–IPv6addressembeddedwithIPv4address
IntheRFC2373,IPv6providestwokindsofaddresses.
OneistheIPv4-compatibleaddress,whichallowsthe
IPv6nodetoaccessIPv4nodesthatdonotsupport
IPv6..TheotheristheIPv4-mappingaddress,which
allowstheIPv6routertotransmitIPv6packetsover
theIPv4networkinthetunnelmode,wherethenodes
understandbothIPv4andIPv6.
Thehigh-order80bitsofthesetwokindsofaddresses
areallsettozeros,andthelow-order32bitscontain
theIPv4address.Ifthemiddle16bitsofanaddress
aresettoFFFF ,itindicatesthatthisaddressistheIPv6
addressmappingtoIPv4address.T able5showsthe
addressstructuresofthesetwokindsofaddresses.
TABLE5STRUCTUREOFTHEIPV6ADDRESSEMBEDDEDWITH
IPV4ADDRESS
IPv4CompatibleAddress
801632
0000…………………………………………00000000IPv4
address
IPv4imageaddress
801632
0000…………………………………………0000FFFFIPv4
address
�LinkLocalAddressandSite-LocalAddress
UsingthenetworkModel10addresstotranslateIPv4net-
workaddressesprovidesanoptionfortheinstitutionsthat
donotwanttoapplyforgloballyuniqueIPv4networkad-
dresses.
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION9

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
Arouterthatresidesoutsideofaninstitutionbutused
bytheinstitutionshallnotforwardtheseaddresses.It
canneitherpreventtheseaddressesfrombeingforwarded,
nordistinguishtheseaddressesfromothervalidIPv4ad-
dresses.Itiscomparativelyeasiertomakecongurations
foraroutertoenableittoforwardtheseaddresses.
Torealizethisfunction,IPv6allocatestwodifferentaddress
segmentsfromthegloballyuniqueInternetspace.Table6
isoriginatedfromRFC2373,indicatingthestructuresof
link-localandsite-localaddresses.
TABLE6STRUCTURESOFLINK-LOCALADDRESSANDSITE-LOCAL
ADDRESS
Link-localAddress
105464
11111110100Interfaceidentier
Site-localAddress
10381664
11111110110Subnet
identier
Interfaceidentier
Link-localaddressesareusedinsinglenetworklinkforhost
numbering.Theaddressidentiedbythersttenbitsof
theprexisthelink-localaddress.Routersdonotprocess
thepacketswithlink-localaddressesattheirsourceend
anddestinationendbecausetheywillneverforwardthese
packets.
Themiddle54bitsofthisaddressaresettozero,its64-bit
interfaceidentierisinthesameIEEEstructureasmen-
tionedintheforegoingparagraphs,andthepartofthisad-
dressspaceallowssomenetworkstoconnectupto264-1
hosts.
Link-localaddressesareusedforthesinglenetworklink
andsite-localaddressesareusedforsites.Itmeansthat
site-localaddressescanbeusedtotransmitdatainthe
interconnectednetworksbutcannotbedirectlyroutedto
theglobalInternetfromasite.
Routerswithinasitecanonlyforwardpacketswithinthe
siteinsteadofforwardingthemoutsideofthesite.The
10-bitprexofasite-localaddressisimmediatelyfollowed
byasuccessionofzeros,whichisslightlydifferentfrom
thatofalink-localaddress.Thesubnetidentierofasite-
localaddressis16-bit,anditsinterfaceidentierisstillthe
64-bitIEEE-basedaddress.
�OpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)NetworkServiceAc-
cessPoint(NSAP)AddressandInternetworkPacketEx-
change(IPX)Address
OneoftheIPv6objectsistounifythewholenetworkworld
foramongnetworksofIP ,IPXandOSI.Tosupportthis
10CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration
interoperatability,IPv6reserves1/128addressspacefor
OSINSAPaddressandnetworkIPXaddressrespectively.
Atpresent,theIPXaddresseshavenotbeenpreciselyde-
ned.RefertoRFC1888(OSINSAPandIPv6)fordescrip-
tionoftheNSAPaddressallocation.
�MulticastAddress
TheformatoftheIPv6multicastaddressisdifferentfromthat
oftheIPv6unicastaddress.Multicastaddressescanonlybe
usedasdestinationaddresses.Nopacketusesamulticast
addressasthesourceaddress.Table7showstheformatofa
multicastaddress.
TABLE7MULTICASTADDRESSFORMAT
844112
1111111FlagsSco-
pe
Groupidentier
Therstbyteoftheaddressformatissettofull-one,identify-
ingitasamulticastaddress.Themulticastaddressoccupies
theentire1/256oftheIPv6addressspace.Theotherparts
excepttherstbyteofthemulticastaddressformatcontain
thefollowingthreeelds:
�Flagseld
Thiseldconsistsoffoursinglebitags.Currently,onlythe
bit-4isdesignatedtoindicatethatwhetherthisaddressis
awell-knownmulticastaddressdesignatedbytheInternet
numberinginstitution,oratemporarymulticastaddress
usedinaspecicoccasion.
Ifthisagbitissettozero,itindicatesthatthisaddressisa
well-knownaddress.Ifthisagbitissettoone,itindicates
thatthisaddressisatemporaryaddress.Theotherthree
agbitsarereservedforfutureuse.
�Scopeeld
Thisisa4-biteldandisusedtoindicatetherangeof
multicast.Thatis,whetheramulticastgrouponlyincludes
nodeswithinthesamelocalnetwork,thesamesiteorthe
sameinstitution,orincludesnodesthatresidesanywhere
intheIPv6globaladdressspace.Thepossiblevalues4–bits
valuerangesfrom0to15.Table8showsthecorresponding
range.
TABLE8MULTICASTSCOPEVALUE
HexDecimalValue
00Reserved
11Node-localrange
22Link-localrange
33Unallocated
CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION11

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)
HexDecimalValue
44Unallocated
55Site-localrange
66Unallocated
77Unallocated
88Institution-local
range
99Unallocated
10AUnallocated
11BUnallocated
12CUnallocated
13DUnallocated
14EGlobalrange
15FReserved
�GroupIDeld
The112-bitmulticastIDeldidentiesamulticastgroup
withinaspeciedrangepermanentlyortemporarily.
�AnycastAddress
Amulticastaddresscanbesharedbymanynodesinasense.
Allthenodesofthemembersofamulticastaddressexpect
toreceiveallthepacketssenttothisaddress.Aroutercon-
nectingtovedifferentlocalEthernetnetworksshallforward
acopyofthesemulticastpacketstoeachnetworkrespectively
(supposingatleastonenodeofeachnetworksubscribstothis
multicastaddress).
Anycastaddressesaresimilartomulticastaddresses.Al-
thoughthetwoareinthesamecasethatananycastaddress
canbesharedbymultiplenodes,onlyonenodeofananycast
addressexpectstoreceivethepacketsenttotheanycast
address.
Anycastishelpfulinprovidingservices,especiallythosere-
quiringnorelationshipbetweenclientandserver ,suchas,a
domainnameserverandatimeserver .Adomainnameserver
isnothingbutanameserver ,whichprovidesthesameperfor-
mancewhetheritislocatedcloselyorremotely.
Similarly,acloselylocatedtimeserverispreferableinterms
ofaccuracy.Therefore,whenahostsendsarequesttoan
anycastaddresstoobtaininformation,itisthenearestserver
associatedtothisanycastaddressthatshallrespond.
AnycastaddressesareallocatedoutsideofthenormalIPv6uni-
castaddressspace.Anycastaddressescannotbedistinguished
fromunicastaddressesintheirforms,andeachmemberof
12CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION
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