Zte ZXR10 ZSR User manual

ZXR10ZSRV2
IntelligentIntegratedMulti-ServiceRouter
CongurationGuide(IPv6)
Version:2.00.10
ZTECORPORATION
No.55,Hi-techRoadSouth,ShenZhen,P .R.China
Postcode:518057
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
URL:http://support.zte.com.cn
E-mail:[email protected]

LEGALINFORMATION
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RevisionHistory
RevisionNo.RevisionDateRevisionReason
R1.02014-05-10Firstedition
SerialNumber:SJ-20140504150128-018
PublishingDate:2014-05-10(R1.0)
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Contents
AboutThisManual.........................................................................................I
Chapter1IPv6BasicConguration.........................................................1-1
1.1IPv6Overview....................................................................................................1-1
1.2ConguringIPv6................................................................................................1-1
Chapter2IPv6AddressConguration.....................................................2-1
2.1IPv6AddressOverview......................................................................................2-1
2.1.1AddressClassication..............................................................................2-3
2.1.2AddressFormat.....................................................................................2-10
2.1.3IPv6AddressAutoCongurationTechnology...........................................2-12
2.2ConguringanIPv6Address.............................................................................2-13
2.3IPv6AddressCongurationExample.................................................................2-15
Chapter3NDPConguration....................................................................3-1
3.1NDPOverview...................................................................................................3-1
3.2ConguringNDP................................................................................................3-2
3.3NDPCongurationExample...............................................................................3-6
Chapter4IPv6StaticRouteConguration..............................................4-1
4.1IPv6StaticRouteOverview.................................................................................4-1
4.2ConguringaStaticIPv6Route...........................................................................4-1
4.3CongurationInstancesofIPv6StaticRoute........................................................4-3
4.3.1Example:ConguringaDirectStaticIPv6Route(DirectNextHop).............4-3
4.3.2Example:ConguringaStaticIPv6Route(IndirectNextHop).....................4-5
4.3.3Example:ConguringaDefaultIPv6Route...............................................4-6
4.3.4Example:ConguringFRRforStaticIPv6RouteinaPublicNetwork..........4-7
4.3.5Example:ConguringFRRforStaticIPv6RouteinaPrivateNetwork.......4-10
4.3.6Example:ConguringLoadSharingfromStaticIPv6Routes....................4-12
4.3.7Example:ConguringtheNextHopAddressoftheBFDSourceSideof
aStaticIPv6Route...............................................................................4-14
Chapter5RIPngConguration.................................................................5-1
5.1RIPngOverview.................................................................................................5-1
5.2ConguringRIPng..............................................................................................5-3
5.3RIPngCongurationInstances............................................................................5-5
5.3.1RIPngBasicCongurationExample..........................................................5-5
5.3.2RIPngRouteCollectionCongurationExample........................................5-10
I
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Chapter6OSPFv3Conguration..............................................................6-1
6.1OSPFv3Overview..............................................................................................6-1
6.2ConguringOSPFv3...........................................................................................6-5
6.3OSPFv3CongurationInstances........................................................................6-11
6.3.1OSPFv3BasicCongurationExample......................................................6-11
6.3.2OSPFv3RedistributionCongurationExample.........................................6-14
6.3.3OSPFv3RouteLoad-SharingCongurationExamples.............................6-19
Chapter7IS-ISv6Conguration...............................................................7-1
7.1IS-ISv6Overview...............................................................................................7-1
7.2ConguringIS-ISv6............................................................................................7-2
7.3IS-ISv6CongurationExamples..........................................................................7-9
7.3.1Single-AreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample...............................................7-9
7.3.2Multi-AreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample...............................................7-14
Chapter8BGP4+Conguration...............................................................8-1
8.1BGP4+Overview...............................................................................................8-1
8.2ConguringBGP4+............................................................................................8-1
8.3BGP4+CongurationInstances..........................................................................8-3
8.3.1Example:ConguringaBGP4+RouteReector........................................8-3
8.3.2Example:ConguringBGP4+RouteLoadSharing.....................................8-5
8.3.3Example:ConguringBGP4+...................................................................8-7
Chapter9IPv6Route-MapPolicyConguration.....................................9-1
9.1IPv6RoutingPolicyConguration.......................................................................9-1
9.1.1ConguringtheIPv6RoutingPolicy...........................................................9-1
9.1.2IPv6RoutingPolicyCongurationInstances..............................................9-7
9.2IPv6PolicyRouteConguration........................................................................9-30
9.2.1ConguringIPv6PolicyRoutes...............................................................9-30
9.2.2IPv6PolicyRouteCongurationExample................................................9-31
Chapter10IPv6Multicast........................................................................10-1
10.1MulticastOverview.........................................................................................10-1
10.2ConguringPublicIPMulticast........................................................................10-3
Chapter11IPv6StaticMulticastConguration.....................................11-1
11.1IPv6StaticMulticastOverview..........................................................................11-1
11.2ConguringIPv6StaticMulticast.......................................................................11-2
11.3IPv6StaticMulticastCongurationExample......................................................11-3
Chapter12MLDConguration................................................................12-1
12.1MLDOverview...............................................................................................12-1
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12.2ConguringMLD............................................................................................12-2
12.3MLDCongurationInstances..........................................................................12-6
12.3.1Example:ConguratingMLDQuerierRouterElection.............................12-6
12.3.2Example:ConguringaRoutertoJoinaStaticMLDGroupanda
DynamicMLDGroup.............................................................................12-8
Chapter13IPv6PIM-DMConguration..................................................13-1
13.1PIM-DMOverview..........................................................................................13-1
13.2ConguringIPv6PIM-DM...............................................................................13-1
13.3IPv6PIM-DMCongurationExample...............................................................13-2
Chapter14IPv6PIM-SMConguration..................................................14-1
14.1PIM-SMOverview..........................................................................................14-1
14.2ConguringIPv6PIM-SM................................................................................14-3
14.3IPv6PIM-SMCongurationExample...............................................................14-7
Chapter15IPv6PIM-SSMConguration................................................15-1
15.1PIM-SSMOverview........................................................................................15-1
15.2ConguringIPv6PIM-SSM.............................................................................15-1
15.3IPv6PIM-SSMCongurationExample.............................................................15-2
Chapter16IPv6TunnelConguration...................................................16-1
16.1IPv6TunnelConguration...............................................................................16-1
16.1.1IPv6TunnelOverview...........................................................................16-1
16.1.2ConguringIPv6Tunnels......................................................................16-5
16.1.3IPv6TunnelCongurationExamples.....................................................16-6
16.2ISATAPTunnelConguration.........................................................................16-13
16.2.1ISATAPTunnelOverview.....................................................................16-13
16.2.2ConguringISATAPTunnels................................................................16-14
16.2.3ISATAPCongurationExample............................................................16-15
Chapter176RDConguration................................................................17-1
17.16RDOverview................................................................................................17-1
17.2Conguring6RDTunnels................................................................................17-5
17.36RDCongurationExample............................................................................17-6
Chapter186PEConguration.................................................................18-1
18.16PEOverview................................................................................................18-1
18.2Conguring6PE.............................................................................................18-2
18.36PECongurationExample............................................................................18-2
Chapter196VPEConguration..............................................................19-1
19.16VPEOverview..............................................................................................19-1
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19.2Conguring6VPE...........................................................................................19-2
19.36VPECongurationExample.........................................................................19-11
Chapter20IPv6ACLConguration........................................................20-1
20.1IPv6ACLOverview........................................................................................20-1
20.2ConguringIPv6ACL.....................................................................................20-1
20.3IPv6ACLCongurationExample.....................................................................20-4
Chapter21IPv6URPFConguration.....................................................21-1
21.1URPFOverview.............................................................................................21-1
21.2ConguringIPv6URPF...................................................................................21-2
21.3IPv6URPFCongurationInstances.................................................................21-3
21.3.1Example:ConguringIPv6URPF(Strict)...............................................21-3
21.3.2Example:ConguringIPv6URPF(Loose).............................................21-4
Chapter22IPv6QoSConguration........................................................22-1
22.1IPv6QoSOverview........................................................................................22-1
22.2ConguringIPv6QoS.....................................................................................22-1
22.3IPv6QoSCongurationExamples...................................................................22-1
22.3.1Example:ConguringIPv6PriorityScheduling.......................................22-1
22.3.2Example:ConguringIPv6WRED........................................................22-3
22.3.3Example:ConguringIPv6CAR............................................................22-5
22.3.4Example:ConguringIPv6PriorityInheritance.......................................22-6
Chapter23IPv6VRRPConguration.....................................................23-1
23.1IPv6VRRPOverview......................................................................................23-1
23.2ConguringIPv6VRRP..................................................................................23-1
23.3IPv6VRRPCongurationExamples................................................................23-4
23.3.1Example:BasicVRRPConguration.....................................................23-4
23.3.2Example:SymmetricalVRRPConguration...........................................23-7
23.3.3Example:VRRPHeartbeatConguration...............................................23-9
Chapter24DHCPv6Conguration.........................................................24-1
24.1DHCPv6Overview.........................................................................................24-1
24.2ConguringtheDHCPv6Server......................................................................24-3
24.3ConguringaDHCPv6Relay..........................................................................24-7
24.4ConguringtheDHCPv6Client......................................................................24-10
24.5DHCPv6CongurationExamples...................................................................24-10
24.5.1DHCPv6ServerCongurationExample................................................24-10
24.5.2DHCPv6RelayCongurationExample.................................................24-13
24.5.3DHCPv6ClientCongurationExample.................................................24-16
IV
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Figures.............................................................................................................I
Tables.............................................................................................................V
Glossary.......................................................................................................VII
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Thispageintentionallyleftblank.
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AboutThisManual
Purpose
Thismanualdescribestheprinciples,congurationcommandsandconguration
examplesaboutimplementingIPv6onZXR10ZSRV2.
IntendedAudience
Thismanualisintendedfor:
lNetworkplanningengineers
lCommissioningengineers
lMaintenanceengineers
WhatIsinThisManual
Thismanualcontainsthefollowingchapters:
ChapterSummary
1,IPv6BasicCongurationDescribesthechiefchangesofIPv6relativetoIPv4,andthe
congurationcommandsofICMPv6andTCPv6.
2,IPv6AddressCongurationDescribestheIPv6Addressprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
3,NDPCongurationDescribestheNDPprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
4,IPv6StaticRouteCongurationDescribestheIPv6StaticRouteprinciple,conguration
commandsandcongurationexamples.
5,RIPngCongurationDescribestheRIPngprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
6,OSPFv3CongurationDescribestheOSPFv3principle,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
7,IS-ISv6CongurationDescribestheIS-ISv6principle,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
8,BGP4+CongurationDescribestheBGP4+principle,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
9,IPv6Route-MapPolicy
Conguration
DescribestheIPv6routepolicyanditsprinciples,conguration
commandsandcongurationexamples.
10,IPv6MulticastDescribestheIPv6Multicastprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
I
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ChapterSummary
11,IPv6StaticMulticast
Conguration
DescribestheIPv6StaticMulticastprinciple,conguration
commandsandcongurationexamples.
12,MLDCongurationDescribestheMLDprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
13,IPv6PIM-DMCongurationDescribestheIPv6PIM-DMprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
14,IPv6PIM-SMCongurationDescribestheIPv6PIM-SMprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
15,IPv6PIM-SSMCongurationDescribestheIPv6PIM-SSMprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
16,IPv6TunnelCongurationDescribestheIPv6Tunnelprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
17,6RDCongurationDescribesthe6RDprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
18,6PECongurationDescribesthe6PEprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
19,6VPECongurationDescribesthe6VPEprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
20,IPv6ACLCongurationDescribestheIPv6ACLprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
21,IPv6URPFCongurationDescribestheIPv6URPFprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
22,IPv6QoSCongurationDescribestheIPv6QoSprinciple,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
23,IPv6VRRPCongurationDescribestheIPv6VRRPprinciple,congurationcommands
andcongurationexamples.
24,DHCPv6CongurationDescribestheDHCPv6principle,congurationcommandsand
congurationexamples.
Conventions
Thismanualusesthefollowingtypographicalconventions:
TypefaceMeaning
ItalicsVariablesincommands.Itmayalsorefertootherrelatedmanualsanddocuments.
BoldMenus,menuoptions,functionnames,inputelds,optionbuttonnames,checkboxes,
drop-downlists,dialogboxnames,windownames,parameters,andcommands.
Constant
width
Textthatyoutype,programcodes,lenames,directorynames,andfunctionnames.
II
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TypefaceMeaning
[]Optionalparameters.
{}Mandatoryparameters.
|Separatesindividualparameterinseriesofparameters.
Danger:indicatesanimminentlyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
deathorseriousinjury,equipmentdamage,orsitebreakdown.
Warning:indicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
seriousinjury,equipmentdamage,orinterruptionofmajorservices.
Caution:indicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
moderateinjury,equipmentdamage,orinterruptionofminorservices.
Note:providesadditionalinformationaboutacertaintopic.
III
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Thispageintentionallyleftblank.
IV
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Chapter1
IPv6BasicConguration
TableofContents
IPv6Overview............................................................................................................1-1
ConguringIPv6.........................................................................................................1-1
1.1IPv6Overview
InternetProtocolversion6(IPv6)isanewversionoftheInternetProtocol.Thesignicant
changesfromIPv4toIPv6areasfollows:
lExpandedaddressingcapabilities
IPv6increasestheIPaddresssizefrom32bitsto128bits,tosupportmorelevels
ofaddressinghierarchy,amuchgreaternumberofaddressablenodes,andsimpler
auto-congurationofaddresses.Thescalabilityofmulticastroutingisimprovedby
addinga"scope"eldtomulticastaddresses.Andanewtypeofaddresscalledan
"anycastaddress"isdened,usedtosendapackettoanyoneofagroupofnodes.
lHeaderformatsimplication
SomeIPv4headereldshavebeendroppedormadeoptional,toreducethe
common-caseprocessingcostofpackethandlingandtolimitthebandwidthcostof
theIPv6header.
lImprovedsupportforextensionsandoptions
ChangesinthewayIPheaderoptionsareencodedallowsformoreefcient
forwarding,lessstringentlimitsonthelengthofoptions,andgreaterexibilityfor
introducingnewoptionsinthefuture.
lFlowlabelingcapability
Anewcapabilityisaddedtoenablethelabelingofpacketsbelongingtoparticular
trafc"ows"forwhichthesenderrequestsspecialhandling,suchasnon-default
qualityofserviceor"real-time"service.
lAuthenticationandprivacycapabilities
Extensionstosupportauthentication,dataintegrity,and(optional)datacondentiality
arespeciedforIPv6.
1.2ConguringIPv6
ThisproceduredescribeshowtocongurethebasicfunctionsofIPv6,includingICMPv6
andTCPv6.
1-1
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ZXR10ZSRV2CongurationGuide(IPv6)
Steps
1.CongureICMPv6.
IfaroutercannotprocessanIPpacketduetosomereasons(noroutecanbefound
orthepacketcontainsawronglayer3protocolnumber),anICMPerrorpacketis
generatedpossiblyandsentbacktothesourcenodeoftheIPpacket.Thesource
nodecorrectsthereportederror.
StepCommandFunction
1ZXR10(config)#interface<interface-name>Entersinterfaceconguration
mode.
2ZXR10(config-if-interface-name)#ipv6forward
unreachable
Afterthiscommandis
congured,theforwarding
planeforwardsapacketof
anunknownprotocolora
packetwhoseroutecannot
befoundtothecontrolplane.
Thecontrolplanereturnsan
ICMPdestinationunreachable
packettothesourcenode.
Bydefault,thisfunctionis
disabled(theoriginalpacket
triggeringthegenerationof
anICMPv6errorpacketis
discardedontheforwarding
plane).
3ZXR10(config)#icmp-configEntersICMPconguration
mode.
4ZXR10(config-icmp)#interface{byname
<interface-byname>|<interface-name>}
EntersICMPinterface
congurationmode.
5ZXR10(config-icmp-if-interface-name)#ip
unreachable
Enablesaspeciedinterface
tosendICMPv6destination
unreachablepackets.By
default,thisfunctionis
enabled.
<interface-byname>:interfacealias,containingupto32characters.
<interface-name>:interfacename,containing1through32characters.
2.CongureTCPv6.
TCPv6isbasedonIPv6.TCPv6hasthesamefunctionsasTCPv4,sothismanual
doesnotcoverthosefunctionsagain.
1-2
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Chapter1IPv6BasicConguration
CommandFunction
ZXR10(config)#ipv6tcpsynwait-time<wait-time>Setsthedurationofattemptingto
establishaTCPconnection,
whichaffectstheTCP
connectionsestablished
afterwards.Range:30–80,
unit:second,default:75
seconds.
ZXR10(config)#ipv6tcpwindow-size<wait-size>Setsthesizeofthewindow
forlisteningtoTCPpackets,
whichisinvalidfortheexisting
TCPconnections.Range:
100–65535,unit:byte,default:
32768bytes.
ZXR10(config)#ipv6tcpfinwait-time<wait-time>Setsthedurationofwaitingto
closeaTCPconnection.Range:
300–675,unit:second,default:
675seconds.
ZXR10(config)#ipv6tcpqueuemax<packet-numbers>SetsthemaximumTCPoutput
queuelength,whichisinvalidfor
theexistingconnections.Range:
5–50,unit:packets,default:5
packets.
3.Verifythecongurations.
Toimprovetransferefciency,IPv6doesnotsupportfragmentationbyintermediate
nodes.WhenthelengthofanIPv6packetthatisforwardedbytheintermediatenode
isgreaterthantheMTUoftheinterfaceoftheintermediatenode,anICMPv6error
packetissenttoinformthesourcenodeofthePathMTUvalue(PMTU).Inthisway,
packetsarefragmentedonthesourcenode.
CommandFunction
ZXR10#showipv6pmtuDisplaystheMTUvaluelearned
onthelocaldevice.
ZXR10#showtcp6briefDisplaysbriefinformationabout
allTCPv6connections.
ZXR10#showtcp6configDisplaysinformationabout
TCPv6congurationparameters.
ZXR10#showtcp6statisticsDisplaysTCPlayerstatistical
parameters.
ZXR10#showtcp6tcb<tcb-index>DisplaystheTCPv6connection
parametersofthespeciedTCB.
1-3
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ZXR10ZSRV2CongurationGuide(IPv6)
4.MaintainIPv6.
CommandFunction
ZXR10#cleartcp6connect{<local-ipv6-address>|vrf
<vrf-name><local-ipv6-address>}<local-port><remote-ipv6-addr
ess><remote-port>
ClearsIPv6TCPconnections,
includingtheT elnet,FTP ,and
BGPconnectionsbasedonIPv6
TCP .
ZXR10#cleartcp6statisticsClearsIPv6TCPstatistical
information.
ZXR10#cleartcp6tcb<tcb-index>Clearstheconnectionassociated
withthespeciedTCB.TCB
indexrange:1–4294967295.
ZXR10#debugipv6packet[interface<interface-name>][proto
col{tcp|udp|icmp}][{detail}]
Enablesthedebuggingfunction
oftheIPv6protocoltodisplay
debugginginformationabout
IPv6protocolprocessingand
whetherarouterissending
orreceivingIPv6packets.
Informationcanbeprinted
byspecifyinganinterface,a
protocolnumber,ordetails.
ZXR10#debugipv6icmpEnablesthedebuggingfunction
oftheICMPv6protocoltodisplay
debugginginformatioabout
ICMPv6protocolprocessing,
andwhetherarouterissending
orreceivingICMPpackets.
ZXR10#debugipv6tcpallEnablesallprintfunctionsrelated
totheIPv6TCPprotocol.
ZXR10#debugipv6tcpdriverEnablesthedebugging
functionforinformationabout
establishingandclosingIPv6
TCPconnections.
ZXR10#debugipv6tcppacketEnablesthedebuggingfunction
forIPv6TCPpackets,containing
source,destination,andother
information,received/sentonthe
router.
ZXR10#debugipv6tcptransactionsEnablesthedebuggingfunction
forinformationaboutTCPstatus
transition.
1-4
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Chapter1IPv6BasicConguration
CommandFunction
ZXR10#debugipv6udpEnablesthedebuggingfunction
forIPv6TCPpackets,containing
source,destination,andother
information,received/sentonthe
router.
ZXR10#showdebugipv6DisplaystheIPv6protocol
debuggingfunctionsthathave
beenenabled.
ZXR10#showdebugicmp6DisplaystheICMPv6protocol
debuggingfunctionsthathave
beenenabled.
ZXR10#showdebugtcp6DisplaystheIPv6TCPprotocol
debuggingfunctionsthathave
beenenabled.
ZXR10#showdebugudp6DisplaystheIPv6UDPprotocol
debuggingfunctionsthathave
beenenabled.
<local-ipv6-address>:localIPaddressincolon-separated,hexadecimalformat.
<vrf-name>:VRFnameoftheIPaddress,containing1to32characters.
<local-port>:localportnumber,range:1–65535.
<remote-ipv6-address>:remoteIPaddressincolon-separated,hexadecimalformat.
<remote-port>:remoteportnumber,range:1–65535.
–EndofSteps–
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ZXR10ZSRV2CongurationGuide(IPv6)
Thispageintentionallyleftblank.
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Chapter2
IPv6AddressConguration
TableofContents
IPv6AddressOverview..............................................................................................2-1
ConguringanIPv6Address....................................................................................2-13
IPv6AddressCongurationExample.......................................................................2-15
2.1IPv6AddressOverview
IPv6AddressIntroduction
InternetProtocol(IP)version6isanewIPprotocol,designedtoreplaceIPversion4,
theInternetprotocolthatispredominantlydeployedandextensivelyusedthroughoutthe
world.
However,theoriginaldesigndidnotanticipatethefollowingconditions:
lRecentexponentialgrowthoftheInternetandtheimpendingexhaustionoftheInternet
Protocolversion4(IPv4)addressspace.
lGrowthoftheInternetandtheabilityofInternetbackbonerouterstomaintainlarge
routingtables.
lNeedforsimplerautocongurationandrenumbering.
lRequirementforsecurityattheIPlevel.
lNeedforbettersupporttoreal-timedeliveryofdata,alsocalledQualityofService
(QoS).
Note:
FeaturessuchasIPSecurityProtocol(IPSec)andQoShavebeenspeciedforboth
versionsofIP .
InternetProtocolVersion6(IPv6)featuresahugeaddresscapacityupto128bits,which
isdescribedasfollows:
lItprovides2128differentIPv6addresses,thatis,the
numberoftheallocableaddressesaroundtheworldis
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.
lItprovides2.2*1020addressespercm2ifaddressesareallocatedbasedonground
area.
2-1
SJ-20140504150128-018|2014-05-10(R1.0)ZTEProprietaryandCondential

ZXR10ZSRV2CongurationGuide(IPv6)
IPv4andIPv6HeaderFormat
ThefollowingaredifferencesbetweenIPv4andIPv6inheaderformat.
TheheaderformatsofIPv4andIPv6asshowninFigure2-1andFigure2-2respectively.
(Numbersintheguresrefertobitnumbers.)
Figure2-1IPv4HeaderFormat
Figure2-2IPv6HeaderFormat
IPv6headerissimplerthanIPv4headerinstructurebecausemanyeldsinIPv4header
thatarenotfrequentlyusedaredeletedfromIPv6header,andareputintoitsoptionsand
headerextension,whicharedenedmorestrictly.
lIPv4containsteneldswithxedlength,twoaddressspacesandsomeoptions,while
IPv6containsonlysixeldsandtwoaddressspaces.
lAlthoughIPv6headeroccupies40bytes,whichis1.6timesofIPv4headerwith
24-bytes,itdoesnotconsumetoomuchmemorycapacityduetoitsxedlength(the
lengthoftheIPv4headerisvariable).
lThefollowingsixeldsaredeletedfromIPv4header:headerlength,typeofservice,
identier,ags,fragmentedoffsetsandheaderchecksum.Namesandsomefunctions
ofthethreeeldsoftotallength,protocolandTimetoLive(TTL)arechanged,and
itsoptionalfunctionsarecompletelychanged.Apartfromthis,twoeldsareadded:
trafctypeandowlabel.
lIPv6headerformatisgreatlysimplied,whicheffectivelyparesdownoverheadof
processingheadersbyarouterorswitch.Atthesametime,IPv6enhancesthe
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