Zte ZXR10 5900E Series User manual

ZXR105900ESeries
Easy-MaintenanceMPLSRoutingSwitch
CongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
Version:3.00.11
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RevisionHistory
RevisionNo.RevisionDateRevisionReason
R1.02015–01–15Firstedition
SerialNumber:SJ-20150114102049-003
PublishingDate:2015-01-15(R1.0)
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Contents
AboutThisManual.........................................................................................I
Chapter1StaticRouteConguration......................................................1-1
1.1StaticRouteOverview........................................................................................1-1
1.2ConguringaStaticRoute..................................................................................1-2
1.3MaintainingStaticRoute.....................................................................................1-4
1.4StaticRouteCongurationExamples...................................................................1-6
1.4.1BasicStaticRouteCongurationExample.................................................1-6
1.4.2StaticRouteSummaryCongurationExample...........................................1-8
1.4.3DefaultRouteCongurationExample........................................................1-9
Chapter2RIPConguration.....................................................................2-1
2.1RIPOverview.....................................................................................................2-1
2.2ConguringRIP.................................................................................................2-3
2.3RIPMaintenance................................................................................................2-8
2.4RIPCongurationExample...............................................................................2-13
Chapter3OSPFConguration..................................................................3-1
3.1OSPFOverview.................................................................................................3-1
3.2ConguringtheOSPFProtocol...........................................................................3-8
3.3MaintainingtheOSPFProtocol.........................................................................3-38
3.4OSPFCongurationExamples..........................................................................3-45
3.4.1OSPFCongurationExampleOne..........................................................3-45
3.4.2OSPFCongurationExampleTwo..........................................................3-47
3.4.3OSPFMulti-InstanceCongurationExample............................................3-49
Chapter4IS-ISConguration...................................................................4-1
4.1IS-ISOverview...................................................................................................4-1
4.2ConguringtheIS-ISProtocol............................................................................4-11
4.3MaintainingtheIS-ISProtocol...........................................................................4-23
4.4IS-ISCongurationExamples...........................................................................4-28
4.4.1SingleAreaIS-ISCongurationExample.................................................4-28
4.4.2MultipleAreaIS-ISCongurationExample...............................................4-32
4.4.3IS-ISMulti-InstanceCongurationExample.............................................4-38
Chapter5BGPConguration....................................................................5-1
5.1BGPOverview...................................................................................................5-1
5.2ConguringBGP................................................................................................5-4
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5.3MaintainingBGP..............................................................................................5-55
5.4BGPCongurationExamples............................................................................5-60
5.4.1BGPCongurationExampleOne............................................................5-60
5.4.2BGPCongurationExampleTwo............................................................5-69
5.4.3BGPFRRCongurationExample............................................................5-72
5.4.4BGPRouteReectorCongurationExample...........................................5-74
5.4.5BGPandVRRPLinkageCongurationExample......................................5-75
5.4.6BGPGracefulRestartCongurationExample..........................................5-77
Figures.............................................................................................................I
Glossary........................................................................................................III
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AboutThisManual
Purpose
ThismanualistheZXR105900ESeries(V3.00.11)Easy-MaintenanceMPLSRouting
SwitchCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing),whichisapplicabletotheZXR105900E
(V3.00.11)seriesswitches.
IntendedAudience
Thismanualisintendedfor:
lNetworkplanningengineers
lCommissioningengineers
lOn-dutypersonnel
WhatIsinThisManual
Thismanualcontainsthefollowingchapters:
Chapter1,StaticRouteCongurationDescribeshowtocongurestaticrouteonthe
ZXR105900E.
Chapter2,RIPCongurationDescribeshowtocongureRoutingInformation
Protocol(RIP)ontheZXR105900E.
Chapter3,OSPFCongurationDescribeshowtocongureOpenShortestPath
First(OSPF)ontheZXR105900E.
Chapter4,IS-ISCongurationDescribeshowtocongureIS-ISontheZXR10
5900E.
Chapter5,BGPCongurationDescribeshowtocongureBorderGateway
Protocol(BGP)ontheZXR105900E.
Conventions
Thismanualusesthefollowingtypographicalconventions:
ItalicsVariablesincommands.Itmayalsorefertootherrelatedmanualsanddocuments.
BoldMenus,menuoptions,functionnames,inputelds,optionbuttonnames,checkboxes,
drop-downlists,dialogboxnames,windownames,parameters,andcommands.
Constant
width
Textthatyoutype,programcodes,lenames,directorynames,andfunctionnames.
[]Optionalparameters.
{}Mandatoryparameters.
|Separatesindividualparametersinaseriesofparameters.
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Danger:indicatesanimminentlyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
deathorseriousinjury,equipmentdamage,orsitebreakdown.
Warning:indicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
seriousinjury,equipmentdamage,orinterruptionofmajorservices.
Caution:indicatesapotentiallyhazardoussituation.Failuretocomplycanresultin
moderateinjury,equipmentdamage,orinterruptionofminorservices.
Note:providesadditionalinformationaboutacertaintopic.
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Chapter1
StaticRouteConguration
TableofContents
StaticRouteOverview................................................................................................1-1
ConguringaStaticRoute..........................................................................................1-2
MaintainingStaticRoute.............................................................................................1-4
StaticRouteCongurationExamples.........................................................................1-6
1.1StaticRouteOverview
Staticrouteistheroutinginformationthatisdesignatedbynetworkadministratortothe
routingtablebymeansofcommands.Unlikeadynamicroute,itdoesnotsetuprouting
tableaccordingtoroutingalgorithm.Indynamicrouteconguration,routinginformation
oftheentireInternetmustbesenttoarouter.Therouterishardtoholdtheload.Inthis
time,staticroutescanbeusedtosolvetheproblem.Sometimes,usestaticroutewith
lesscongurationtoavoidusingdynamicroute.However,inaroutingenvironmentwhere
therearemultipleroutersandpaths,itisverycomplicatedtocongurestaticroutes.
Togenerateastaticunicastroutingtable,networkadministratorhastobefamiliarwiththe
networktopologyandcongureitaccordingtotheactualroutingrequirements.Inthisway,
theroutingactioncanbecontrolledaccuratelyinnetwork.Thestaticroutingtableneeds
tobereconguredintimeifthenetworktopologyischanged.
Staticrouteisdifferentfromotherdynamicroutingprotocol.Staticrouteconguration
doesnotrequirethatconguretherelatedprotocoldataoninterfaces.Itonlyneedsto
checkthevalidityofstaticrouteparametersconguredbyusers,butwhetherstaticroute
congurationtakeseffectisstilldecidedbythestatechangingofthecorrespondingegress
interface.
ThefollowingcontentisaroutingtableofZXR105900E.Here,theadministratordistance
ofstaticrouteis1.
ZXR10#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>0.0.0.0/00.0.0.02548special
*>2.2.2.2/322.2.2.200connected
*>120.2.2.0/24120.2.2.210static
*>120.2.2.2/32120.2.2.200connected
*>255.255.255.255/320.0.0.02540special
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
1.2ConguringaStaticRoute
Nexthopaddressesmustbespeciedforallroutingitems.Whenapacketissent,the
systemqueriesthematchedrouteintheroutingtableaccordingtothedestinationaddress.
Ifthenexthopaddressisnotspecied,thelinklayercannotndthecorrespondingaddress
onthelinklayer,andthepacketcannotbeforwarded.
ConguringDirectStaticRoute
ToconguredirectstaticrouteonZXR105900E,usethefollowingcommand.
CommandFunction
ZXR10(config)#iproute[vrf<vrf-name>]<prefix><net-mask
>{<nexthopaddress>|<interface-name><nexthopaddress>}[<
distance-metric>]
Thisconguresdirectstaticroute.
Descriptionsoftheparametersusedbycommandareshownbelow.
ParameterDescription
<vrf-name>ItisusedtocongurestaticrouteofthedesignatedVirtual
RouteForwardingTable(VRF).
ThelengthofVRFnamerangesfrom1to32characters.
Managementport(mng)isaspecialVRF .
<prefix>NetworkInternetProtocol(IP)prex,indotteddecimal
notation
<net-mask>NetworkMask,indotteddecimalnotation
<nexthopaddress>IPaddressofthenexthop,indotteddecimalnotation
<interface-name>Nameoftheusedinterface
<distance-metric>Managementdistance,rangingfrom1to255
ConguringIndirectStaticRoute
TocongureindirectstaticonZXR105900E,usethefollowingcommand.
CommandFunction
ZXR10(config)#iproute[vrf<vrf-name>]<prefix><net-mask>{<n
exthopaddress>[global]}[<distance-metric>][metric<metric>]
Thisconguresindirectstatic
route.
Judgewhethertherouteisan
indirectstaticrouteaccordingtoIP
addressofthenexthop.
Descriptionsoftheparametersusedbycommandareshownbelow.
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Chapter1StaticRouteConguration
ParameterDescription
<vrf-name>ItisusedtocongurestaticrouteofthedesignatedVRF.
ThelengthofVRFnamerangesfrom1to32characters.
<prefix>NetworkIPPrexofdestinationaddress,indotteddecimal
notation
<net-mask>Networkmaskofdestinationaddress,indotteddecimal
notation
<nexthopaddress>IPaddressofthenexthop,indotteddecimalnotation
[global]Privatenetworkroutecancongurethenexthopofpublic
network,onlywhenthenexthopofprivatenetworkis
congured,itcanbecongured.
<interface-name>Nameoftheusedinterface
[metric<metric>]Metricvalueofroute,range:0-255,thedefaultvalueis0
<distance-metric>Managementdistance,rangingfrom1to255
CongurationExample
Figure1-1IndirectStaticRouteNextHopCongurationExample
AsshowinFigure1-1,S2advertises20.20.20.0/24toS1.Thestaticrouteto30.2.0.0/16
canbeconguredonS1,thenexthopis20.20.20.2.
ThecongurationofstaticrouteonS1:
S1(config)#iproute30.2.0.0255.255.0.020.20.20.2
ViewroutetableonS1:
ZXR10(config)#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.100connected
*10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.01101ospf
*>10.10.10.1/3210.10.10.100connected
*>20.20.20.0/2410.10.10.21102ospf
*>30.2.0.0/1610.10.10.210static
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
ViewforwardingtableonS1:
ZXR10(config)#showipforwardingroute
IPv4RoutingTable:
DestGwInterfaceOwnerPriMetric
10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.1vlan1direct00
10.10.10.1/3210.10.10.1vlan1address00
20.20.20.0/2410.10.10.2vlan1ospf1102
30.2.0.0/1610.10.10.2vlan1static10
224.0.0.0/4224.0.0.0NULLmulticast00
224.0.0.0/24224.0.0.0NULLmulticast00
255.255.255.255/32255.255.255.255NULLbroadcast2540
ConguringFRRfunctionofstaticroutes.
TocongureFRRfunctionofstaticrouteonZXR105900E,usethefollowingcommand.
CommandFunction
ZXR10(config)#iproute-static[vrf<vrf-name>]fast-reroute[wtr
<time-interval>]
ThisenablestheFRRfunctionof
staticroutes.
Thegenerationconditionsfor
theprimaryandstandbyroutes
ofstaticroutesare:thesame
destinationaddressroutewith
differentoutgoinginterfaces,
differentadministrativedistances
ormetricvalues.
Descriptionsoftheparametersusedbycommandareshownbelow.
ParameterDescription
<vrf-name>VRFname,range:1–32characters.
fast-rerouteEnablestheFRRfunctionofstaticroutes.
<time-interval>IntervalofWTR,range:0–12,default:0.
1.3MaintainingStaticRoute
TomaintainstaticrouteonZXR105900E,usethefollowingcommand.
CommandFunction
ZXR10#showipprotocolrouting[vrf<vrf_name>]Thisshowsroutingtableofthe
router.Vrf_nameisthenameof
vrf.
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Chapter1StaticRouteConguration
CommandFunction
ZXR10#showipforwardingroute[vrf<vrf_name>]Thisshowsforwardingtableofthe
router.Vrf_nameisthenameof
vrf.
Useshowipprotocolroutingcommandtoshowglobalroutingtableoftherouter.Inspect
whethertheconguredstaticrouteexistsinroutingtable.Thiscommandisoftenusedfor
routingprotocoldiagnoseandmaintenance.
Thisshowswhatwillbedisplayedaftershowipprotocolroutingisused.
ZXR10(config)#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.100connected
*10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.01101ospf
*>10.10.10.1/3210.10.10.100connected
*>20.20.20.0/2410.10.10.21102ospf
*>30.2.0.0/1610.10.10.210static
Descriptionsofcommandoutputareshownbelow.
ShowCommandOutoutDescription
DestDestinationIPaddress
NextHopIPaddressofnexthop
RouteRrfManagementdistancemetric
RouteMetricRoutemetric
ProtocolNameofthecorrespondingroutingprotocol
Useshowipforwardingroutecommandtoshowforwardingtableofrouterforinspecting
whetherthereisstaticrouteinforwardingtable.
Thisshowswhatwillbedisplayedaftershowipforwardingrouteisused.
ZXR10(config)#showipforwardingroute
Statuscodes:*valid,>best,M:Master,S:Slave;
IPv4RoutingTable:
DestGwInterfaceOwnerPriMetric
10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.1vlan1STAT00
10.10.10.1/3210.10.10.1vlan1ADDR00
20.20.20.0/2410.10.10.2vlan1ADDR1102
30.2.0.0/1610.10.10.2vlan1DIRECT10
224.0.0.0/4224.0.0.0NULLRIP00
224.0.0.0/24224.0.0.0NULLDIRECT00
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
255.255.255.255/32255.255.255.255NULLB2540
Descriptionsofcommandoutputareshownbelow.
ShowCommandOutoutDescription
DestDestinationIPaddress
GwGateway
InterfaceOutgoinginterface
OwnerRoutetype
PriRoutepriority
MetricRoutemetric
1.4StaticRouteCongurationExamples
1.4.1BasicStaticRouteConfigurationExample
CongurationDescription
AsshowninFigure1-2,ifS1wantstosendpacketstotheremotenetwork140.1.1.0/24,
itneedstosendthepacketstoS2(10.6.1.18)rst.S1andS2aredirectlyconnected.
Youneedtoaddastaticroutewhosedestinationnetworksegmentis140.1.1.0andthe
nexthopis10.6.1.18onS1.Inaddition,youneedtoaddastaticroutewhosedestination
networksegmentis140.1.1.0/24andthenexthopis10.9.1.39onS2.
Figure1-2StaticRouteCongurationExample
CongurationProcess
TherearethreemethodstocongurestaticroutesonS1.
lThisconguresIPaddressofthenexthop.
S1(config)#iproute140.1.1.0255.255.255.010.6.1.18
lThisconguresthelocalegressinterfaceandthedirectnexthop.
S1(config)#iproute140.1.1.0255.255.255.0vlan110.6.1.18
CongurationonS2:
S2(config)#iproute140.1.1.0255.255.255.010.9.1.39
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Chapter1StaticRouteConguration
CongurationCheck
Useshowcommandtovalidateconguration.
ValidatecongurationonS1:
S1(config)#showipprotocolroutingnetwork140.1.1.0
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>140.1.1.0/2410.6.1.1810static
ValidatecongurationonS2:
S2(config)#showipprotocolroutingnetwork140.1.1.0
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>140.1.1.0/2410.9.1.3910static
Iftherearemultiplepathstothesamedestination,aroutercanbeconguredwithmultiple
staticrouteswithdifferentadministrativedistances.However,routingtableonlydisplays
informationaboutroutewithminimumdistancebecausewhenrouterisinformedofmultiple
competitionsourcestoanetwork,routewithminimumadministrativedistancetakesthe
precedence.
Parameter<distance-metric>instaticroutecongurationcommandaboutIProutecanbe
usedtochangeadministrativedistancevalueofastaticroute.Supposingtherearetwo
differentroutesfromS1tonetworksection140.1.1.0/24,thecongurationisasfollows:
S1(config)#iproute140.1.1.0255.255.255.010.6.1.18
S1(config)#iproute140.1.1.0255.255.255.010.6.1.120
Abovecommandsareusedtoconguretwodifferentstaticroutesarrivingtothesame
networksegment.Therstcommanddoesnotcongureadministrativedistance,so
defaultvalue“1”isused.Thesecondcommandconguresadministrativedistanceof20.
Sinceadministrativedistanceoftherstrouteislessthanthatofthesecondroute,only
informationaboutrstrouteappearsinroutingtable.Thatis,theswitchsendspacketsto
destinationnetworksegment140.1.1.0/24throughnext-hopaddress10.6.1.18only.The
secondrouteappearsinroutingtableonlywhentherstroutefailsanddisappearsfrom
theroutingtable.Thetwostaticroutescannothavethesametagvalue,whichgotothe
samedestinationnetworkbuttheirnext-hopisdifferent.
UseshowcommandtoviewonS1:
S1(config)#showipprotocolroutingnetwork140.1.1.0
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
*>140.1.1.0/2410.6.1.1810static
*140.1.1.0/2410.6.1.1200static
1.4.2StaticRouteSummaryConfigurationExample
CongurationDescription
Asummarystaticrouteisaspecialkindofstaticroutes,whichcansummarizetwoor
morespecialrouteexpressionsintooneexpression.Inthisway,entriesofroutingtableis
reducedbutalloforiginallinksisreserved.
AsshowninFigure1-3,S2connectstotwonetworksegments10.9.1.0/24and10.3.1.0/24.
IfS1wantstoaccessthesetwonetworksegments,itneedstohavetwostaticroutes.
Whentherearelotsofroutesinroutingtable,peoplecanusesummarystaticrouteto
optimizeS1'sroutingtable.
Figure1-3StaticRouteSummaryCongurationExample
CongurationThought
Congureastaticroutewhosedestinationaddressis10.0.0.0onS1.Allthepackets
transmittedtodestinationnetworksegment10.0.0.0/8passthrough10.6.1.18.Thatis
tosay,allthepacketswhichdestinationaddressis10.0.0.0/8(subnetworks10.3.1.0/24
and10.9.1.0/24)aresentto10.6.1.18.Inthisway,multiplestaticrouteswiththesame
destinationcanbesummarizedtoastaticroute,whichcanoptimizeroutingtable.
CongurationProcess
CongurationonS1:
S1(config)#iproute10.0.0.0255.0.0.0.010.6.1.18
CongurationCheck
UseshowcommandtoviewonS1:
S1(config)#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
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Chapter1StaticRouteConguration
*>10.9.1.0/2410.6.1.1810static
*>10.3.1.0/2410.6.1.1810static
1.4.3DefaultRouteConfigurationExample
CongurationDescription
Defaultrouteisalsoakindofspecialstaticroutes.Whenallroutesarefailedinrouting
table,defaultrouteisadoptedtomakepackethasanaldestination.Inthisway,the
processingburdenofroutercanbereducedalot.
Whenaroutercannotrouteapacket,thepackethastobedropped.However,thisisnot
hopedthatpacketisdroppedinan"unknown"destination.T osupportcompleteconnection
ofrouter,thismusthavearouteconnectedtoanetwork.Ifrouterwantstokeepcomplete
connectionandmeanwhiledoesnotneedtorecordeachindependentroute,defaultroute
canbeused.Byuseofdefaultroute,anindependentroutecanbedesignatedtoindicate
allotherroutes.
AsshowninFigure1-4,sincethereisnoroutepointingtoInternetonS1,S1needstouse
defaultroutethatsendpacketstoS2forprocessing.
Figure1-4DefaultRouteCongurationExample
CongurationThought
Defaultroutecongurationiscompletelythesameasstaticroutecongurationandonly
differenceisthatthenetworkpartandsubnetmaskpartareall0.0.0.0.
CongurationProcess
CongurationonS1:
S1(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.010.6.1.18
CongurationCheck
UseshowtoviewS1routingtable.
S1#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>0.0.0.0/010.6.1.1810static
Here,ifthenexthopisconguredasnullinterface,therouteisblackholeroute.
CongurationonS1:
S1(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0null1
ViewS1routingtablebyshowcommand:
S1#showipprotocolrouting
Protocolroutes:
statuscodes:*valid,>best,i-internal,s-stale
DestNextHopRoutePrfRouteMetricProtocol
*>0.0.0.0/00.0.0.010static
Defaultrouteisnotalwaysastaticroute.Italsocanberoutesofotherprotocols,such
asBorderGatewayProtocol(BGP),RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)andsoon.When
defaultrouteisusedinroutingprotocolconguration,defaultroutevarieswithrouting
protocols.
IfdefaultrouteisconguredonarouterwhereRIPruns,theRIPwilladvertisethedefault
routetoitsneighbor,andevenrouteredistributionisnotneededinRIPdomain.
ForBGPprotocol,arouterwheretheBGPrunswillnotinjectthedefaultrouteintoits
neighborautomatically.ForBGPtosendthedefaultroutetoBGPdomain,thecommand
default-information-originatehastobeusedrst,andthenredistributedefaultroute.
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Chapter2
RIPConguration
TableofContents
RIPOverview.............................................................................................................2-1
ConguringRIP.........................................................................................................2-3
RIPMaintenance........................................................................................................2-8
RIPCongurationExample......................................................................................2-13
2.1RIPOverview
IntroductiontoRIP
RIPisrelativelyoldbutstillcommonlyusedinteriorgatewayprotocolcreatedforusein
smallandhomogeneousnetworks.Thisisaclassicaldistance-vectorroutingprotocol.
RIPv1isdocumentedinRequestForComments(RFC)1058.RIPv2isdocumentedin
RFC1723.ZXR105900EsupportsRIPv1andRIPv2completely.RIPv2isusedbydefault.
ComparedtoRIPv1,RIPv2hasthefollowingadvantages.
lRouteupdatingwithsubnetworkmask
lAuthenticationforrouteupdating
lUpdatingmulticastrouting
ThefollowingtopicsmainlyintroduceRIPv2.RIPrefersRIPv2unlessspecialexplain.
lRIPRouteMetricandAdministrativeDistance
RIPusesUserDatagramProtocol(UDP)packet(portnumber520)toexchangeRIP
routinginformation.TheroutinginformationcontaininginRIPpacketincludesthe
numberofroutersthataroutepassesthrough,thatis,hopcount,accordingtowhich,
routerdeterminestheroutetothedestinationnetwork.
RFCstipulatesthatthemaximumhopcountmustbelessthan16,soRIPisonly
applicabletosmall-sizednetwork.Hopcountof16indicatesinnitedistance,
representingunreachableroute,whichisonewayforRIPtoidentifyandpreventthe
routingloop.
OnlyhopcountistakenasthemetricforRIProuting;bandwidth,delayandother
variablefactorsarenotconsidered.RIPalwaystakespathswiththeleasthopcount
astheoptimizedpath,whichresultsthattheselectedpathisnotthebestone.
DefaultAdministrativeDistance(AD)valueofRIPis120.AsforAD,thelowerthe
value,thehigherthereliabilityofroutingsource.Comparedtootherroutingprotocols,
RIPisnotquitereliable.
lRIPTimers
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
RIPprovidesthefollowingfourtypesoftimers:
àUpdatetimer
SwitchrunningRIPtransmitsrouteupdatemessageatacertaininterval(30sby
default),whichreectsalltheroutinginformationoftheswitch.Thisprocessis
calledroutinginformationadvertisement.
àInvalidtimer
Invalidtimer:Whenaswitchfailstoreceiveupdateinformationfromanother
switchinacertaintimeperiod(180sbydefault),itmarkstheroutesprovidedby
theswitchtobe"unavailable".
àHolddowntimer
Afterlearningthatroutesareunavailable,theswitchwillenterhold-downstate.
Ifswitchreceivesrouteupdatepacketwithinthedefault180secondsorifswitch
failstoreceiverouteupdatepacketafter180seconds,theholddowntimerwill
stoptiming.
àFlushTimer
Whenitisnotupdatedinthesucceedingperiodoftime(240sbydefault),the
switchclearstheroutecompletelyfromtheroutingtable.
lRIPRouteUpdate
RIPprotocolemploystriggerupdatetospeedupthespreadofroutingchangesinthe
RIProutingdomain.WhenaRIProuterdetectsthataninterfaceisworkingorhas
stoppedworking,aneighbornodeisdownoranewsubnetorneighbornodejoins
in,itwilltransmitatriggerupdate.Thetriggerupdatepacketonlycontainschanged
route.
RIPprotocolusespoisonreversetospeedupprotocolconvergence.Thepoison
reversesetsthemetricoftheunreachablenetworkprexestobe16(meaning
unreachable).Afterreceivingrouteupdatepacketofthemetric,theswitchwill
discardtherouteinsteadofwaitingfortheagingtime.
RIPusessplithorizontopreventloopandreducethesizeofrouteupdatepacket.Split
horizonmeansthatifaninterfacereceivesarouteupdatepacket,itwillnottransmit
thisupdatepacketfromitselftoothers.
RIPWorkingPrinciple
RIPdenestwokindsofmessagetypes,requestandresponsemessages.Request
messageisusedtosendaupdatetoneighborswitch,andresponsemessageisused
totransmitrouteupdate.
1.Atthestart,RIPbroadcastsormulticastpacketswhichcontainrequestmessagefrom
everyRIPinterface.
2.Later,RIPentersaloopstate,italwaysmonitorstheRIPrequestorresponse
messagesfromotherswitches,andtheneighborswitcheswhichaccepttherequest
willreplyresponsemessagescontainingtheirroutingtables.
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Chapter2RIPConguration
3.Whentheswitchwhichsendsrequestreceivestheresponsemessage,itwillprocess
therouteupdatemessageinformationcontaininginresponsemessage.
lForannewrouteentry,therouteraddsthenewrouteandIPaddressofthead-
vertisedroutertoitsroutingtable.
lForanexistentRIProute,therouterreplacestheoriginalrouteentryonlywhen
thenewroutehaslesshopcount.
2.2ConguringRIP
RIPcongurationincludesthefollowingcontents,basicconguration,enhanced
congurationandversionconguration.
ConguringRIPBasicFunctions
TocongureRIPbasicfunctiononZXR105900E,performthefollowingsteps.
1.EnablingRIP
StepCommandFunction
1ZXR10(config)#routerripThisenablesRIProuting
processandentersRIP
congurationmode.
2ZXR10(config-rip)#network<ip-address><
wildcard-mask>
Thisdesignatesanetwork
segmentforRIProuting.
IncasethattheIPaddress
oftheinterfacebelongs
tothedesignatednetwork
segment,RIPisenabledon
thisinterface.
2.AdjustingRIPtimer
StepCommandFunction
1ZXR10(config)#routerripThisenablesRIPprocess
andentersRIPconguration
mode.
2ZXR10(config-rip)#timersbasic<update><invalid><hol
ddown><flush>
ThisadjustsRIPnetwork
timer.
3ZXR10(config-rip)#output-delay<packets><delay>Thissetsthedelaytimefor
sendingRIPupdatepackets.
Descriptionsoftheparametersusedbystep2areshownbelow.
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ZXR105900ESeriesCongurationGuide(IPv4Routing)
ParameterDescription
<update>Theintervalforsendingupdate,theunitissecond,the
rangeis1-65535,andthedefaultvalueis30seconds.
<invalid>Periodbeforerouteinvalidityinseconds,1-65535.This
valueshallbeatleast3timesofupdate,180secondsby
default.
Whenthereisnorouterefreshing,therouteisineffective.
Here,therouteisblocked,markedasinaccessible,and
advertisedasunreachable,buttheroutecanstillbeused
toforwardmessagepackets.
<holddown>Periodforsuppressingoptimizedrouteinseconds,
0-65535.Thisvalueshallbeatleast3timesofupdate,
180secondsbydefault.
Whentherouterreceivestheupdatemessageand
obtainsaunreachableroute,itwillentertheblocked
state,bemarkedasinaccessible,andbeadvertisedas
unreachable,buttheroutecanstillbeusedtoforward
packets.Afterpassingtheblockedperiod,itreceivesthe
routesadvertisedbyotherrouters,andtheroutewillbe
accessibleagain.
<flush>Periodfromrouteinvaliditytorouteclearinginseconds,
1-65535,240secondsbydefault.
Thedesignatedtimemustbegreaterthantheholddown
value.Otherwise,itcannotpasstheproperblocktime.In
thisway,thenewrouteswillbereceivedbeforetheblock
expires.
Descriptionsoftheparametersusedbystep3areshownbelow.
ParameterDescription
<packets>Thenumberofpackets,rangingfrom1to4294967295,
andthedefaultvalueis5.
<delay>Thetimeintervalforsendingthepacketsinadesignated
number.
Theunitissecond,therangeis0-100,andthedefault
valueis100ms.
CongurationExample
ThisconguresoptionalRIPparametersrelatedtotime.
ZXR10(config)#routerrip
ZXR10(config-rip)#timersbasic5151530
ZXR10(config-rip)#output-delay50010
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