Adam Equipment AEA Series User manual

© Adam Equipment Company 2000
Adam Equipment
DENSITY DETERMINATION KIT
for AEA and AEP
BALANCES
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
© ADAM EQUIPMENT CO. LTD.
pn. Rev. A, May 2002

© Adam Equipment Company 2000

© Adam Equipment Company 2000
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The Density Kit allows users of the AEA series of analytical balances and the AEP Top
loading balances to determine the density of solids and liquids directly using the
internal program of the balance.
1. FEATURES
♦Easy to use - all the activities are described by a message on the display for user.
♦Reliable (all the calculations are done by the balance).
♦Speed of test (the result is shown immediately after the sample is placed into the water or
the float is placed into the liquid).
♦Accuracy (before every measurement the balance is automatically zeroed. The user also
enters the temperature of the liquid to account for density variations due to temperature or
can enter the density of the liquid directly).
♦Possibility to print the results or to send them to a PC for further analysis.
♦Universal (the same program is used for AEA and AEP balances).

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2. COMPONENTS
The Density Determination kit contains all the necessary items required to determine density
using the AEA or AEP balances. The contents of the kits are slightly different depending
upon the series of balances used.
The kit consists of the following components.
1. Glass Float of known volume, with
2. string
3. hook
4. Thermometer
5. Base to support beaker
6. Beaker
7. Hanger to replace pan on balance
8. Sample pan
9. Clamp for thermometer
10. Additional weights to match pan weight (only in the AEA kit)

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3. INSTALLATION
•Turn on the balance and allow the displays to stabilise and show zeros.
•Take off the pan and the draft ring around the pan if the balance is equipped with
one. The balance may show an error message at this time but it can be ignored.
•Place the hanger (7) in place of the pan.
•In the AEA balance the pan weight is critical. It may be necessary to add a small
amount of weight to the vertical wires on the hanger. When the capacity tracker
shows some weight is on the pan the balance should begin operating again and
show a value on the display. Use only enough weight on the hanger wires to enable
the balance to operate.
•Place the beaker support (5) over the hanger so that it does not touch.
•Fill the beaker with either distilled water at room temperature, alcohol or another
liquid of known density. For determination of a liquid’s density add the liquid to the
beaker.
•Insert the thermometer into the liquid.
•Hang the sample support on the hanger if it is to be used.
Tare the balance. You are now ready to begin using the density program
built into the balance.

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4. Density measurement
The balance is capable of measuring the density of either a solid or a liquid. The balance
can be used with the Adam Equipment Density Determination Kit as described below or by
using the weigh below abilities of the balance.
4.1 Density Measurement of Solids
To determine the density of a solid it is necessary to weigh the sample while in the air and
then to weigh it while it is suspended in a liquid of known density. The balance will guide you
through the steps of this procedure using messages on the display. The type of liquid that
can be used are set by the user. It includes distilled water, alcohol and any other liquid as
long as the user knows its density.
•WATER (distilled water)
•ALCOHOL (spirit 100% +/- 0.1% in temperature 20
0
C),
•OTHER (a user supplied liquid with known density)
For water and alcohol you will be required to give the temperature, therefore the thermometer
is included in the kit.
Density checking relays on weighing a sample in the air and then in the liquid.
Result of the test is shown on the display automatically when the test if finished.
Result of measurement can be sent over the RS 232 interface to a printer or PC by
pressing the Print key.

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4.2 Procedure
Enter modes menu.
Set the cursor next to
M6 Density
Enter the submenu for
M6 Density
Select the option M6 01 to choose Solid Density, Select the liquid to be used, set the
temperature for the water or alcohol, or set the density for another liquid.
With F enter submenu M6
Density (setting parameters)
Enter parameter
M6 01 Procedure Name will flash
or
Change procedure name
Save choice

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Use the same method to set:
M6 02 Liquid
M6 03 Temperature, if water or alcohol is selected
M6 04 Density if another Liquid is selected.
Start the procedure:
Set the cursor next to
M6 04 Run
Enter the Density mode
OR
At any time press Print/enter to enter the Density mode
Make sure the Density Kit is assembled correctly and there are no air bubbles on any of the
parts in the liquid. Tare the balance if necessary to zero the display.
The display will guide you through the steps of weighing the sample in air and then weighing
it in the liquid.
1. Put the sample on the small test pan above the liquid.
2. After the result is stable (the unit of mass is on) press .

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3. Put the sample on the lower pan in the liquid. Make sure there are no bubbles on the
sample of or any other part in the liquid.
4. After the result is stable (the unit of mass is on) press .
You will see results of the density measurement and other messages.
W1 – sample mass in the air, W2 – sample mass in the liquid,
D– Density of liquid .

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4.3 Density Measurement of Liquids
The main part necessary for determination of the density of a liquid is the glass float supplied
in the Density Determination kit. Item (1) in the drawing of the Density Determination Kit at
the beginning of this section. This float has a hanger attached with the precise volume of the
flat stamped upon it.
Before proceeding with the density test enter the volume of the float into memory.
Enter mode menu
Set the cursor next to
M6 Density
Enter the submenu for
M6 Density
Enter parameter
01 Procedure The Name will flash
or
Change procedure name
to Liquid Density
Save choice

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or
Select Parameter for
M6 02 Sinker Volume
Enter parameter
01 Procedure Name start to buzz
or
Enter the new value for the
volume
Save choice
Procedure:
Measurement of liquid density compares the weight of the glass float when measured in
the air and in the liquid.
If necessary install the density determination kit onto the balance as described in the
instruction for the Density Determination Kit.

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The result of the liquid density test is shown the display automatically after the completion of
the procedures. Measurement result can sent through the RS 232 interface to a printer or PC
by pressing:
To begin enter the Density menu (M6) as above and select the M6 01 Liquid Density
Option.
Set the cursor next to
M6 04 Run
With F enter mode Density
OR
Enter the Density mode immediately regardless of the cursor position.
1. Enter Density Mode
2. Weigh the float in the air and when result are stable press Enter

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3. Weight the float in the liquid and when result are stable press Enter
On the display you will see the computed value of density for the liquid. You will also see
additional information: W1 – float mass in the air, W2 – float mass in the liquid V – volume
of the float

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4.4 Using Statistic in the Density Mode
If it is necessary to keep statistics of the results from Density test it is possible by setting the
Statistics parameter to On when in the Density Submenu. The procedure for collecting the
data is the same whether Solid Density or Liquid Density is selected.
When using statistics the user should:
1. Set the Statistics mode to be ON.
2. Delete previous statistics data.
3. Enter the Density mode.
4. Collect the data by pressing the Print key.
5. After the data is collected, look at the results of statistics and print them.
6. Return to any of the weighing modes.
During the Density test the display will show the number of items stored in the statistics
program, (N= number of results)
Each time the PRINT/ENTER is pressed it will increase the number of items stored by one.
PROCEDURE
Enter Density Mode submenu
Set the cursor next to the
Statistics parameter.
M3 for Liquid Density or M5
for Solid Density
Enter 03 Statistic parameter

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Set the cursor next to the
03 Clear parameter to clear the
old data from memory.
Enter the Clear Statistics screen
Verify you wish to clear the data
by pressing the Enter key.
Enable the Statistics function if
necessary by setting cursor next
to parameter 01 Statistic
Enter parameter 01 Statistic Start to buzz
or
Change parameter
description to ON
Save this setting Stop to buzz
Come back to the density mode
submenu and continue doing the
density test as described above.
Enter the Density mode

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Pressing the Print/Enter key causes printing of the density value on the pan, and
sending the value to the balance memory for statistic. The value of N will increase
by one.
RECALLING
After collecting some data the results can be viewed and printed.
Enter the Density mode
submenu
Set the cursor next to
03 Statistics
Enter the 03 Statistic submenu
Set the cursor next to
02 Results
Enter to view the results of the
statistics

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Press Print/Enter to print the results on a printer
An example of the results is shown.
N : 10
SUM : 44.60
g/cm3
X : 4.45 g/cm3
MIN : 4.43 g/cm3
MAX : 4.48 g/cm3
D : 0.00 g/cm3
SDV : 0.00 g/cm3
RDV : 0.00 %
Return to the statistic submenu
for the density mode
Return to the Density mode.
To return to normal weighing press the Mode key then select the weighing mode, M0.

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4.5 For best accuracy follow these suggestions.
•Samples should be tested more than once and the average value taken.
•Only distilled water should be used.
•The water should be at a stable temperature.
•The sample must be degreased.
•The sample should not be porous. If it is porous then special preparation might be
necessary.
•Be certain the sample is completely covered by about 10mm of the liquid.
•Be certain any air bubbles are removed.
•Dry the sample completely between tests.
•Be very careful not to transfer water to the top pan when using tweezers.
•Samples should be 5 grams or greater.
•Degrease the glass float before using.
•Dry the float completely between each test. Be careful not to put a static electric charge
on the glass float. It may be necessary to use an anti-static cleaner on the float.
•Wash the beaker before filling it with any liquid.
•Place the samples on the weighing pans carefully to avoid shocks to the balance.

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Appendixes
A method to determine the volume of the float
To determine the volume of the float the following equation can be used.
V
A - mass of float in air [g]
B - mass of float in distilling water [g]
V - float volume [cm
3
]
p - distilled water Density [g/cm
3
]
d - uplift pressure of air
[
]
[ ]
25,1013
0036728,01
0012932,0
3
/p
C
o
t
cmgd ×
×+
=
t- temperature of air [
o
C]
p - pressure of air
The procedure would be to measure the mass of the float in air (value A) while it is
submerged in distilled water (value B) and then put the values in for the corrections for water
density (p) and air density (d) at the temperature and pressure measured using other
instruments.
The values for water density at various temperatures can be found in most chemistry or
physics reference texts. A partial list is given below.
A - B
= [cm
3
]
p - d

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DENSITY OF DISTILLED WATER
WATER
TEMPERATURE DENSITY
0ºC 0.99984 g/cm
3
4ºC 0.99997 g/cm
3
10ºC 0.99970 g/cm
3
15ºC 0.99910 g/cm
3
20ºC 0.99821 g/cm
3
25ºC 0.99705 g/cm
3
30ºC 0.99565 g/cm
3
0.9955
0.996
0.9965
0.997
0.9975
0.998
0.9985
0.999
0.9995
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Series1
Density of Distilled Water versus temperature
ºC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
0.99984 0.99990 0.99994 0.99996 0.99997 0.99996 0.99994 0.99990 0.99985 0.99978
10
0.99970 0.99961 0.99949 0.99938 0.99924 0.99910 0.99894 0.99877 0.99860 0.99841
20
0.99820 0.99799 0.99777 0.99754 0.99730 0.99704 0.99678 0.99651 0.99623 0.99594
30
0.99565 0.99534 0.99503 0.99470 0.99437 0.99403 0.99368 0.99333 0.99297 0.99259