Belarus 1221B.2 User manual

BELARUS
1221.2/1221В.2
1221.3
1221 – 0000010РЭ
OPERATORS MANUAL
2009

Operators manual was composed by engineer of the first Department of Constructive and
Experimental Work, M.V. Gutko, with participation of key specialists of CEWB-1 RUE
“Minsk Tractor Works”
Executive editor — Director of Scientific and Technical Center
Chief designer I.N. Uss
Publications assistant — Head of design bureau of operational documentation, О. N.
Natalevich
Operators manual contains short description and specifications of tractors Belarus
1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 produced by Minsk Tractor Works. The main tractors operating
rules are set forth, the information about their adjustments and maintenance is provided.
Operators manual is meant for tractor operators, who operate BELARUS tractors.
In view of P/A “MTW” policy directed to constant upgrading of produced goods, the con-
struction of some units and parts of Belarus tractor may undergo changes which are not
reflected in present edition.
Some technical data and illustrations given in this book may differ from those on your trac-
tor. Dimensions and weights are approximate (advisory). For detailed information please
consult your Belarus Dealer.
_______________________________________________________________________
RUE “Minsk Tractor Works”, 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written
permission of RUE “MTW”.
Table of contents

Page
Introduсtion……………………………………………………………………………....
3
Safety requirements………………………………………………………………………
7
Technical data……………….………….……………………….………………………..
12
Operating controls and instruments…………………………………………………… 21
Operating instructions………………………………………………………………….
70
Tractor preparing for operation………………………………………………………….
150
Adjustments………………………………………………………………………………
157
Aggregation……...………………………………………………………………………..
174
Possible defects and ways of their elimination…………………..…………………. 214
Scheduled technical maintenance…………………………………………………….
228
Tractor transportation and its towing………………………………………………….
281
Tractor storage…….. …………………………………………………………………..
282
Appendix …….……………………………………………………………………………
283

БЕЛАРУС-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Введение
3
INTRODUCTION
Manual contains construction depiction, specifications, operation and maintenance
rules of Belarus 1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 tractors.
Tractors BELARUS 1221.2/1221В.2 are equipped with index “S” 100kW engine cer-
tified under the 1st stage of Directive 2000/25/ЕС, with hydraulic hoist, modified-
design casing.
Tractors BELARUS 1221.3 are equipped with index “S” 100kW engine certified
under the 2nd stage of Directive 2000/25/ЕС, with hydraulic hoist, modified-design
casing.
Long-term and reliable tractor performance is secured in the case of proper operation
and timely maintenance.
ATTENTION!Prior to putting new tractor in operation, study this manual and strict-
ly observe all the recommendations in order to avoid accidents, injures or mutila-
tions.
Note:In the text of this manual references “left” or “right” are taken from viewpoint of
observer standing behind along tractor strike.
Note:In connection with carrying out regular works on improving Belarus tractors
and working conditions alterations, not represented in this edition, may be made in de-
sign.
It is forbidden to reequip and change tractor construction without conformation to
manufacturing works.
TO CONSUMERS ATTENTION!
Your tractor is equipped with range-type gearbox. In addition the ranges are shifted
with toothed couplings, and gears within each range are shifted by virtue of synchro-
nizers.
To throw into the range proceed as follows:
––Depress the clutch pedal and await complete tractor stop;
— Throw into the required range smoothly, without jerks, using the range engaging
lever;
— Smoothly release the clutch pedal.
To change the gear proceed as follows:
— Depress the clutch pedal;
— Shift the gearshift lever smoothly, without sharp jerks, and hold it in depressed
position until the gear is completely actuated;
— Smoothly release the clutch pedal.
You can change the gears in motion within the range only during the hauling opera-
tions on the hard-surface and dirt roads. Never attempt to change the gears in motion

БЕЛАРУС-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Введение
4
when a tractor unit is used in the cross-country conditions (arable fields, peat beds,
sandy soil etc.) because sudden stop of the tractor-machine unit can occur. Cross
the mentioned sections with previously selected gear.
Failure to comply with the stated operation rules will cause quick wearing out of gear
splines and tooth-type couplings as well as synchronizers impairment
Attention!If you hear skirr when shifting ranges and gears with the clutch pedal
being depressed, immediately turn to a repair shop for malfunction repair.
Observe the rules of PTO switch. When switching PTO move control lever smoothly
with 2…4 sec. hang-up in the centre of motion from neutral position to PTO switch in
order to prevent shaft breaking, reducer gears breaking and tail breaking of PTO.
When adjusting operating and parking brakes make sure that the ground is horizon-
tal, the engine is not running, rear wheels from front and back are supported by
wedges to exclude accidental movement of the tractor.
Adopted abbreviations and symbolic notations.
АDL
—automatic differential lock;
AB
— accumulator battery;
RADL
— rear axle differential lock;
PFE
— paper filter element;
TDC
— engine piston top dead center;
PTO
— power take-off shaft;
PIS
— power intake shaft;
HLL
— hydraulic lift linkage;
HSU
— hydrostatic steering unit;
SMS
— shift-time maintenance service;
SPTA
— spare parts, tools and accessories;
RHL
— rear hitch linkage;
SFE
— safety filter element of engine air cleaner;
GB
— gearbox;
TMU
— tractor-machine unit;
CC
— clutch coupling;
MS
— maintenance service;
THM
— towing hitch mechanism;
MFE
— main filter element of engine air cleaner;
FDA
— front driving axle;
FPTO
— front power take-off;
SM
— season maintenance;
CAC
— engine charge air cooler;
TC
— engine turbocharger.

БЕЛАРУС-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Введение
5
International Symbols
Manufacturer uses standard international symbols regarding instruments and operat-
ing controls.
Symbols with their meaning are given below.
—see operators manual
—control operating direction
—brake
—fast
—parking brake —slow
—horn
—forward
—alarm signaling
—reverse
—fuel level in the tank —battery charging condition
—coolant
—cab dome light
—starting preheater plug —marker lights
—engine speed —turning signals
—engine oil pressure —headlights main beam
—engine coolant temperature —headlights lower beam
—off/stop
—working headlights
—on/start
—differential lock
—continuous change
—PTO engaged
—lever — down —FDA engaged

БЕЛАРУС-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Введение
6
—lever — up —fan
—control valve spool “lift” posi-
tion
—windshield washer
—control valve spool “drop”
position
—front windscreen wiper
—control valve spool “float”
position
—rear windscreen wiper
—oil pressure in gearbox —trailer turning signal
—air pressure in pneumatic
system —oil pressure in HPS
—high voltage
—oil pressure in transmis-
sion
—coolant level —brake fluid level
—trailer-train lights
—pressure in breaking
system
—air filter impurity

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Safety requirements
7
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Strict observance of safety precautions
and exact complying with the rules of
tractor control and its maintenance se-
cure absolute safety of its operation.
General instructions
1. Study this operators manual atten-
tively before operating the tractor.
Poor knowledge of the tractor oper-
ation and service may lead to acci-
dents.
2. Only specially trained and skilled
operators, who have passed acci-
dent-prevention and fire safety
briefings, are allowed to operate the
tractor.
3. If tractor is equipped with safety
belt use it during the operation. If
tractor is not equipped with safety
belt, contact the dealer.
4. Do not take a passenger into the
cab, if additional seat and hand
rails are not installed. There is no
any other safe space for a passen-
ger in the cab!
5. Keep all warning plates clean.
6. Replace any damaged or missing
warning plate.
7. Carefully inspect the tractor, trailed
machine, mounted implement and
hitch before commencement of op-
erations. Before starting operations
make sure that they are in good
order. Trailed agricultural machines
and transport trailers should have
rigid hitches, preventing their sway-
ing and rear-end collision with the
tractor during a hauling.
Safety measures during tractor op-
eration
Warning! Do not ever start the en-
gine while being outside the opera-
tor’s workplace. Always stay in the
cab in the operators seat when start-
ing the engine or operating the con-
trols.
7. Before starting the engine, make
sure that the parking brake is ap-
plied, the PTO control lever is in
«Disengaged» position, the gear-
shift and range selector levers are
in «Neutral» position. Make sure
the gearbox pump drive shifter is in
«Engine-Driven» position.
8. Always stay in the operators seat
when starting the engine or operat-
ing the controls.
9. Before starting motion, warn the
people around and those working
on the trailed machines with the
horn.
10. Do not leave the tractor in motion.
11. Before leaving the cab do not fail to
disengage the PTO, stop the en-
gine, apply parking brake and re-
move the switch key.
12. Do not operate the tractor indoors
without proper ventilation. The ex-
haust gases may cause fatal out-
come!

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Safety requirements
8
13. Stop the tractor immediately if the
engine or steering system fails.
Remember, that with the engine
shut down you will have to apply
much more forces to the steering
wheel in order to control the tractor.
14. Do not work under raised agricul-
tural implements. Do not leave
mounted implement in raised posi-
tion during long-term stops.
15. If the tractor front part rises off the
ground when heavy implements are
mounted at the rear hitch linkage
mechanism, install the front ballast
weights.
16. When operating with front loader,
fill rear tires with liquid ballast and
adjust a maximum wheel turning
angle to 30°at the most with adjust-
ing screw (20) fig. Д-25.
17. Before lifting or lowering a mounted
agricultural implement, and when
turning, make sure in advance
there is no danger of contact with
anyone around or interference with
some obstacle.
18. Cardan shaft, transmitting rotation
from the tractor PTO to the imple-
ments of the unit, should be fitted
with appropriate guards.
19. Make sure of proper mounting of
any additional equipment or aux-
iliary device and make sure they
are designed for use with your trac-
tor.
Bear in mind that your tractor, when
improperly employed, may be dan-
gerous both for you and for the
people around. Do not use imple-
ments, which are not designed for
installation on this tractor.
20. To prevent tractor roll-over, be
careful during the driving the trac-
tor. Select a safe speed, corres-
ponding to the road conditions, es-
pecially during cross-country driv-
ing, driving over ditches, slopes and
sharp turns.
21. When working on hillsides, increase
tractor wheel tread to maximum
width.
22. Avoid making sharp turns at full
load and at high travel speed.
23. When using the tractor for hauling
operations, follow the rules:
•Increase wheel tread to 1600 mm
(64’’) at least;
•Interlock the brake pedals, check
and, if necessary, adjust the
brakes for simultaneous action;
•Check the parking brake perfor-
mance;
•Check condition of the light and
audible signaling devices;
•Cargo trailers must be fitted with
rigid hitches as well as be con-
nected with safety chain or rope;
•Never travel downhill “free wheel”
with transmission in neutral posi-
tion or clutch disengaged. When
traveling downhill use the same
gear as you would when going
uphill;
•Never use a trailer without inde-
pendent brakes, if its gross weight
exceeds the half of the tractor total
actual mass. The faster you move
and the more load you tow, the
longer safety distance must be;
•Disengage the FDA to avoid ex-
tensive wearing out of drive com-
ponents and tires;
•Do not use the RADL at speed
exceeding 10 km/h and while turn-
ing.
•Do not stop the tractor on the
slopes. If it’s necessary to stop,

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Safety requirements
9
engage the 1st gear and apply the
parking brake.
24. When you use PTO-driven equip-
ment, stop the engine and make
sure that PTO drive end has
stopped completely, before you
leave the cab and uncouple the
equipment.
25. Do not wear loose clothes when
operating the PTO or when you are
in the vicinity of the rotating equip-
ment.
26. When working with stationary ma-
chinery driven from the PTO, do not
fail to apply the parking brake and
block the rear wheels of the tractor
from the front and rear sides. Also
make sure the machine is secured
in its place.
27. Make sure the guard of the PTO
drive end is installed, and if the
PTO is not used, shift the PTO
mode control switch into mid-
position.
28. Do not carry out cleaning, adjust-
ment and maintenance of the PTO-
driven equipment when the engine
is running.
Safety measures during tractor
maintenance
29. Never refuel the tractor when the
engine is running.
30. Never smoke while refueling the
tractor.
31. Never fill the tank fully. Leave place
for fuel expansion.
32. Never add petrol or mixtures to the
diesel fuel. Such combinations may
enhance the fire or explosion ha-
zard.
33. Use properly summer and winter
fuel grades. Fill in a fuel tank at the
end of each day to minimize night
water condensation.
34. Perform all operations, relating to
engine and tractor cleaning, prepa-
ration for work, maintenance, etc.,
when the engine is shut down and
brakes are applied.
35. The cooling system operates under
pressure, which is maintained by
the valve installed in the filler cap. It
is dangerous to remove the cap
when the engine is hot. To avoid
face and hands burns be careful
while opening radiator filler cap
when the engine is hot. Put close
cloth on the cap and take on a
glove in advance.
36. To avoid skin burns, be careful
when draining cooling liquid or wa-
ter from the cooling system, hot oil
from the diesel, hydraulic system
and transmission.
37. Be careful when servicing storage
batteries, because electrolyte
causes burns if it comes into con-
tact with the skin.
38. To avoid danger of explosion keep
any type of open flame away from
engine fuel system and storage bat-
teries.
39. Keep the tractor, its equipment, es-
pecially brakes and steering con-
trol, in operable state in order to
ensure your own safety and safety
of people around.
40. Do not make any alternations in the
tractor or its separate components
without consulting your dealer and
or manufacturing works. Otherwise
the tractor will be deprived of after-
sales service.
41. To avoid the fuel splash-out while
refueling the tractor by mechanized
method, remove the screen filter
from the fuel tank filler neck.
Screen filter is designed only for
manual refueling of the tractor in
the field.
42. Refuel the tractor using only oils
and lubricants recommended by the
manufacturing works. It is strictly
forbidden to use other lubricants!

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Safety requirements
10
Safety requirements during
operation and maintenance of
electrical equipment
44. To avoid damaging the semicon-
ductor devices and resistors,
comply with the following precau-
tions:
•Do not disconnect the storage bat-
tery while the engine is running.
This will cause a peak voltage in
charging circuit and lead to imme-
diate damage to the diodes and
transistors;
•Do not disconnect electric wires
until the engine is stopped and
electric switches are in the “OFF”
position;
•Do not cause a short circuit by the
wrong connection of electrical
wires. A short circuit or reverse
polarity will cause damage to the
diodes and transistors;
•Do not connect a storage battery
into the electrical equipment sys-
tem until it has been checked for
correct voltage and terminals po-
larity;
•Do not check for current flow by
means of spark test as it will im-
mediately result in transistors
breakdown;
•It is prohibited to switch off the
battery disconnect switch when
the engine is running;
•It is prohibited to operate the trac-
tor without storage battery.
Hygienic requirements
•Daily fill the thermos with fresh
clean drinking water;
•First-aid kit should be completed
with bandages, iodine tincture, ammo-
nia spirit, borated petrolatum, sodium
carbonate, menthol valerate and anal-
gin;
•Use cab natural ventilation or cab
air heating and cooling unit according to
operation conditions.
•If the time of continuous tractor op-
eration during a work shift exceeds 2,5
hours it’s necessary to use personal
noise protection equipment according
to GOST 12.4.051-87 (earplugs, anti-
phons
Fire safety requirements
1. The tractor should be equipped with
firefighting equipment – shovel and
fire-extinguisher. It’s prohibited to
operate the tractor without fire-
extinguishing means.
2. Never refuel the tractor when the en-
gine is running.
3. Do not smoke while refueling the
tractor.
4. Never fill the tank fully. Leave place
for fuel expansion.
5. Never add petrol or mixtures to the
diesel fuel. Such combinations may
enhance the fire or explosion hazard.
6. Places of tractors parking, storage of
fuel and lubrication materials should
be plowed around with a strip having
at least 3 m width and provided with
fire-extinguishing means.
7. Refuel the tractors with fuel and lu-
brication materials by mechanized
method with the engine shut down.
Use lighting at night. It is not recom-
mended to fill in fuel tanks with the
help of buckets.
8. When performing repair operations in
the field with the application of elec-
tro-gas welding clean parts and as-
sembly units from plant remains.
9. Prevent collector and muffler pollu-
tion with the dust, fuel, straw, etc.
10. Prevent straw reeling on the rotat-
ing parts of machines aggregated
with the tractor.
11. When washing parts and assembly
units with kerosene or gasoline take

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Safety requirements
11
measures to prevent the flaming of
the washing liquid fumes.
12. Do not operate the tractor in the fire
dangerous areas when the bonnet
and other guard devices are taken
off the engine heated parts.
13. Do not use open fire for heating up
the oil in the engine pan, when fill-
ing in fuel tanks, and for burning off
the contaminant pollution of the ra-
diator core.
14. When the fire seat occurs cover it
with sand or with canvas cloth or
other close cloth. Use the carbon-
dioxide fire extinguisher. Do not ex-
tinguish burning fuel with water
15. See that there are no flammable
materials near exhaust manifold
and muffler when the engine is run-
ning.

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
12
TECHNICAL DATA
Weights and dimensions
Designation
Value
А
Length, mm (with loads)
4500±40
Б
Width, mm
2300±10
В
Height, mm
2850±50
Г
Wheelbase, mm
2760±30
Д
Front track width, mm
1540...2090
Е
Rear track width, mm
1530...2150
Ж
Ground axles under axle tubes, mm
(not less than)
620
Operating weight (as shipped from plant), kg
5370±100
Identification numbers of tractor constituents
Tractor identification plate indicates trac-
tor serial number and engine serial num-
ber.

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
13
Tractor serial number is duplicated on
the right sidemember and on the plate of
right and left sidemembers.
Engine serial number is also indicated on
the engine identification plate located on
the left side of cylinders block
Engine turbocharger identification
number
Clutch coupling identification number

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
14
Gearbox identification number
Transmission identification number
Front driving axle identification number
Cab serial number and OECD certificate
number

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
15
Engine
Engine model
Д-260.2 or Д-260.2С
Д-260.2S2
Make
MMP (Minsk motor plant)
MMP (Minsk motor plant)
Type six-cylinder, in-line six-cylinder, in-line
Cycle 4 stroke 4 stroke
Fuel injection system direct injection direct injection
Compression ratio (calculated)
16
17
Cylinder bore
110 mm
110 mm
Piston stroke
125 mm
125 mm
Displacement
7,12 l
7,12 l
Firing order
1-5-3-6-2-4
1-5-3-6-2-4
Engine aspiration turbo-charged turbo-charged
Cooling system liquid liquid
Rated speed
2100 rev/min
2100 rev/min
Maximum no-load speed
2275 rev/min
2270 rev/min
Minimum idle speed
800±50 rev/min
800±50 rev/min
Rated power
98,0±2,0 kW
100±2,0 kW
Peak torque
520 N∙m
559 N∙m
Fuel rate
235±11,8 g/kW∙h
240±12 g/kW∙h
Engine weight (dry)
650 kg
710 kg

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
16
Engine fuel system
Fuel pump
Type:six-plunger, in-line with priming
pump: PP6M10P1f-3492 «MOTORPAL»
(Czechia) or 363.1111003-40.03 «YAZ-
DA» (Russia).
Regulator: mechanical, variable speed,
with fuel supply corrector, automatic en-
gine fuel feed, smoke suppression
Injector ФДМ-22 with five-hole closed-
type atomizer.
Pressure at the beginning of fuel injection
— 21,6…22,4 MPa (220…228 kgf/cm2).
Fuel injection advance angle till UDC
— 22°±1°.
Air cleaner
Type:Dry with three-stage cleaning,
changeable paper filter element and
clogging indicator.
Filter elements: paper filters – elements
made of highly porous paperboard.
Turbocharger: ТКР-7 type, radial inward
turbine and radial-flow compressor, as-
sembled on one shaft.
Installation of foreign producers turbo-
chargers is possible.
Engine cooling system
Type:Pressurized liquid cooling system
with automatic temperature control by
friction clutch and two thermostats.
Oil cooling: by oil-to-water heat ex-
changer, built into cylinder block.
Normal operating temperature
from 80°C to 97°C. Cooling system capaci-
ty: 24 L
Engine lubrication system
Type: Combined, with oil-to-water heat
exchanger built into cylinders block.
Oil filters: centrifugal filter and filter with
changeable paper filter element.
Oil pressure at minimum speed – 0.08
MPa (0.8 kgf/cm2), at rated speed–
0.28…0.45 MPa (2.8…4.5 kgf/cm2),
Lubrication system capacity — 22 l.,
including engine crank case— 18 l.
Oil system capacity — 22 l, including
engine crank case — 18 l.
Engine Starting System
24 V starting motor
Starting aid:
Heating plugs (for tractors “BELARUS-
1221.3”)
Clutch coupling
Type: Dry friction, double-disk, with tan-
gential suspension of pressure disk.
Disk diameter: 340 mm.

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
17
Gearbox
1. Type: 16/8, mechanical, step-wise, range. It provides with 16 forward gears and 8
reverse gears
Tractor design travel speeds in km/h
(GB 16/8, tyres 18,4R38)
Tractor design travel speeds in km/h
(GB 16/8, tyres 16,9R38)

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
18
2. Type: 24/12, 16/8, mechanical, step-wise, range. It provides with 24 forward gears
and 12 reverse gears.
Tractor design travel speeds in km/h (GB 24/12, tyres 18,4R38)
Tractor design travel speeds in km/h (GB 24/12, tyres 16,9R38)

BELARUS-1221.2/1221В.2/1221.3 Technical data
19
Rear axle
Main gear: a pair of bevel gears with
spiral tooth.
Final drives: apair of spur gears for
each sideboard.
Rear-axle drives:planetary type.
Differential lock: Oil-actuated friction
clutch
Brakes
Service Brakes: on rear wheels: two-
disk or three-disk, dry with mechanical
servo drive. Disk diameter: 204 mm (or
eight-disk, operating in oil sump (on
order))
Parking brake: On rear wheels
through differential lock on final drives
and rear-axle drives. Dry-disk type with
mechanical hand control. Disk diame-
ter: 180 mm (or 4-disk, operating in oil
sump (on order))
Front driving axle
Type: two-point, portal
Main gear type: bevel gears with spir-
al tooth.
Differential type: self-locking, exces-
sive friction
Final gears type:planetary
Drive gear type: built in GB single pa-
rallel-shaft reduction gear unit with hy-
draulically operated multiplate clutch;
cardan shaft.
Hydraulic distributor of FDA control:
hydraulically operated, spool-type,
electrically controlled
PTO drive
Type: independent, two-speed and
synchronous
Drive clutch: Planetary reduction gear
with band brakes
Drive: Mechanical, by lever on control
panel
PTO end speed:
Independent drive
I — 540 rpm; N=60 kW (82 h. p.),
II — 1000 rpm; N=90 kW (123 h. p.)
Synchronous drive
4,36 rev/meter of travel when fitted
with tires 16,9R38.
4,17 rev/meter of travel when fitted
with tires 18,4R38.
Output shaft: SAE standard 6-spline
for 540 rpm and 21-spline for 1000
rpm.
Rotation: Clockwise
Steering
Type: hydrostatic (H.S.).
Feed pump: NSH14, gear-type, left-
handed rotation.
Volume constant — 14-16 сm3/rev.
Metering pump type — gerotor type
models: Danfoss; Rexroth Hydraulic;
Lifam.
Volume constant – 160 сm3/rev.
Relief valve pressure— 14 МPa (140
kgf/сm2).
Antishock valves pressure — 20 МPa
(200 kgf/сm2).
Actuating mechanism: two hydraulic
bilateral cylinders.
Bore — 50 mm,
Cylinder stroke— 200 mm
Steering wheel range of adjustment:
•in angle of slope - from 40°to 25°
with fixation on every 5°,
•in height – within the range of 100
mm.
Backlash in the steering wheel not
less than 25°.