Belarus 510 User manual

BELARUS
510/512
510-0000010 РЭ
OPERATING MANUAL
2009

This Operating Manual is compiled by Engineer of Minsk Tractor Works Leading
Specialized Design Office I.N. Korobeynik in collaboration with top-level specialists of
the Leading Specialized Design Office of Republican Unitary Enterprise Minsk Tractor
Works
Editor-in-Chief —Director, Scientific and Technical Center
Chief Designer I.N. Uss
Supervisor for the Issue—Head of Design Office, O. N. Natalevich
Belarus-510/512 tractors Operating manual
This Operation and Service Manual contains a brief description and specifications of
Belarus 510/512 tractors manufactured at the Minsk Tractor Works. Basic rules of
machine operation are presented, as well as information on adjustments and technical
servicing of tractor units and assemblies, are given.
This Operating Manual is intended for operators (tractor drivers) operating the Belarus
tractors.
In view of the RUE MTW policy of constant improvement of its products, changes in the
design of certain assemblies and components of the Belarus tractor may be introduced
without notice, that are not represented in this edition.
Some specifications and illustrations found in this Manual may differ from those actually
found on your tractor. The dimensions and weights are approximate (for information
purposes only). For more detailed information, please contact your local Belarus dealer.
General note: References to the “left-hand” or “right-hand” terms in the text of this
Manual are given from the point of view of an observer viewing the moving forward
tractor from behind.
© Minsk Tractor Works Republican Unitary Enterprise, 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or copied in any form
whatsoever without written permission of Minsk Tractor Works RUE.

TO OPERATOR’S ATTENTION!
1. Before you start operating the tractor, carefully read this Manual and strictly follow
all instructions herein.
2. Use the climatic diesel fuel according to the Manual. Reduce the motor oil
changeover intervals by half, if the sulfur content in the fuel is below 1%.
3. Do not operate the diesel engine at the idle speed more than 15 minutes.
4. Remember that the engine can be only started when the GB lever is in the extreme
left position (in the position of engaging the I or II gear range).
5. Use the synchronous drive of the rear PTO only when the tractor unit speed does
not exceed 8 km/h. Otherwise, severe damages in the tractor power train are
possible.
6. Operate the tractor on the direct gear only with the high gear range engaged (range
II).
7. The tractor cab is equipped with a single seat, only operator is allowed to be in it.
8. When the tractor is shipped from the manufacturer factory, some parts of the tractor
are put into the SPTA box, tool box or cab. Install them onto the tractor on your own.
9. When commissioning new batteries, remove the sealing film from the vent holes or
cut off the bosses on the plastic caps.
10. Do not operate the tractor when the clutch is not totally disengaged or is engaged.
11. When starting movement, make sure that the hand-operated reserve parking brake
is disengaged.
12. When using the tractor without driveshafts, shift the FDA lever to the position
“forced”.
13. Do not work on the tractor in closed rooms without adequate ventilation (air
exchange). Exhaust gases can kill you!
14. Towing the tractor with front wheels lifted is strictly forbidden. Failure to observe this
rule may result in a FDA drive failure and emergency situation.
15. Never lift the front part of the tractor by the towing shackle. Use the shackle for
towing only.
16. The manufacturer continually improves the tractor, due to which there could be
some modifications of the design of some components and their operating rules,
which are not reflected in this Manual.

Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
7
INTRODUCTION
The BELARUS 510/512 wheeled universal tilling tractors belong to the drawbar
category 1.4 and are designed to perform a wide range of agricultural works: from soil
preparation for sowing to harvesting and transporting operations; they can be used in
forestry, municipal servicing, construction and industry.
This Manual contains a description of the design features, brief technical data and
recommendations for operation and maintenance of the BELARUS 510/512 tractors:
BELARUS-510/512 (4×2) and (4×4) with a Д244 diesel engine (41.9 kW at 1700
rpm), a 9F/2R manual gearbox.
Re-equipment or modifications to the tractor design without approval from the
Manufacturer is forbidden.

Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
8
Abbreviations and designations
SB
—
storage battery
DL — differential lock
PCU — pre-heater control unit
UDC — upper dead center of engine piston
PTO — power take-off shaft
HLL — hydraulic list linkage
HSU — hydrostatic steering unit
LOHE — liquid-oil heat exchanger
RHL — rear hitch linkage
GB — gearbox
C — clutch
ОЕСD — Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
FDA — front driving axle
ADCS — automatic tilling depth control system
MS — maintenance service
HDC — haul-and-draw coupler
SRU — speed reducer

Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
9
International symbols
The manufacturer uses standard international symbols concerning application of the
devices and controls.
Below are given the symbols with their respective meanings.
—see Manual
—controls manipulations
—brake —forward
—park brake —back
—horn —battery charging
—fault signaling —interior lamp
—fuel —clearance lights
—coolant
—turn signal lamp
—pre-heater glow plug —upper beam
—engine speed —low beam
—engine oil pressure —working lights
—engine coolant temperature —differential lock
—off/stop —power take-off shaft on
—on/start —front driving axle on
—gradual change
—fan
—lever down —windshield washer
—lever up —windshield wiper

Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
10
—
“lift” position of the distributor
slide valve
—rear window wiper
—“drop” position of the
distributor slide valve
—tractor trailer turn signal
—“float” position of the
distributor slide valve
—HSU oil pressure
—GB oil pressure
—air pressure in pneumatic
system
—air filter clogging

Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual
11
Section A. Safety precautions
Strict observance of the safety precautions
and closed following the rules of tractor
operation and management ensures full
safety safe of its operation.
Safety regulations for operation of the
tractor
ATTENTION! When starting the die-
sel-engine and manipulating with the
controls, always be in the cab, sitting
in the driver’s seat.
G
General instructions
•Carefully read the operator’s manu-
al before using the tractor. Insufficient
knowledge on the control and operation of
the tractor may result in accidents.
•Only specially trained and qualified
operators are allowed to operate the tractor.
•If the tractor equipped with a safety
belt, use it for work. If the tractor is not
equipped with a safety belt, contact your
dealer.
•The tractor cab is for one man, no
passengers are allowed.
•Keep clean all the warning signs. If
the signs are damaged or lost, replace
them with new ones.
•Before you start your work, carefully
inspect the tractor and the towed machine.
Get started only after you make sure they
are fully serviceable. Towed agricultural
machines and transport trailers must have
rigid hitches precluding them from swinging
and hitting the tractor during transportation.
•Before starting the diesel engine, the
parking brake must be engaged, the gear-
box shifter must be shifted to the neutral
position, the PTO engaging lever to the off
position.
•Before you start movement, horn to
warn other persons and persons working on
the towed machines.
•Do not leave the tractor in motion.
•Before leaving the cab, disengage
the PTO, stop the diesel engine, engage
the parking brake, take out the starter key
and turn off the ground switch.
•Do not turn off the electrical system
with the ground switch before the diesel
engine is stopped.
•Do not work on the tractor in a
closed room without adequate ventilation.
Exhaust gases can kill you!
•In case of a fault, immediately stop
the tractor and fix the fault.
•In case of a diesel engine or a steer-
ing gear failure, immediately stop the trac-
tor. Remember that with the diesel engine
stopped, you have to apply a much greater
force to the steering wheel to control the
tractor.
•Do not work under raised agricultural
implements. During long stops, do not leave
toolbar implements in a raised position.
•If the front of the tractor takes off the
ground when mounting heavy machinery
and implements to the mechanism, attach
front counterweights.
•When working with a front-end load-
er, fill the rear tires with liquid ballast.

Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual
12
•Before lifting and lowering an agri-
cultural implement, as well as when mak-
ing turns, make sure that there is no
hazard to hit someone or run over an
obstacle.
•During transport journeys with
mounted machines or implements, al-
ways use the mount lock in the raised
position (for tractors with an autonomous
power cylinder).
•The driveshaft transmitting rota-
tion from the tractor PTO shaft to the ag-
gregated tools of the unit must be guard-
ed.
•Ensure the correct installation of
any additional equipment or auxiliary de-
vices, and make sure that they are de-
signed for use with your tractor. Remem-
ber that your tractor, if improperly used,
can be dangerous both for you and for
other persons. Do not use equipment
that is not intended for installation on the
tractor.
•To avoid a tipover, exercise cau-
tion when driving the tractor. Choose a
safe speed appropriate to road condi-
tions, especially when driving on rough
terrains, when driving over ditches,
slopes and making sharp turns.
•When working on slopes, increase
the tractor wheel track to the maximum.
•Do not make sharp turns with a
full load and at a high speed.
•When using the tractor for trans-
portation works:
−increase the tractor wheel truck to
1,800 mm (70") min.;
−interlock the brake pedals, check
and adjust as necessary the brakes for
simultaneous action;
−check operation of the parking
brake;
−check the condition of light and
sound signal equipment;
−transportation trailers must have a
solid connection and, in addition, con-
nect a safety chain or rope;
−never drive downhill by coasting
(out of gear), drive at the same gear both
downhill and uphill;
−do not work with a trailer without in-
dependent brakes if its weight exceeds
half of the total actual weight of the trac-
tor. The faster you drive and the greater
is the towed weight, the greater must be
the safe distance;
−disconnect the FDA in order to
avoid excessive wear of the drive parts
and tires;
−do not use the rear axle DL at a
speed exceeding 10 km/h and when
making turns;
−the PTO must be off and the simul-
taneous/independent drive shifter arm
must be in the neutral position;
−do not stop the tractor on slopes. If
you want to stop, engage the 1st gear
and fully engage the parking brake.
•When working with equipment
driven from the PTO, disengage the PTO
before disconnecting the equipment,
stop the diesel engine, make sure the
PTO shaft end is fully stopped.
•Do not wear loose clothing when
working with the PTO or near rotating
equipment.
•When working with stationary ma-
chines driven from the PTO, always en-
gage the parking brake and chock rear
wheels from the front and from the rear.
Make sure that the machine is reliably
secured.
•Make sure that the PTO shaft end
guard is installed, and when the PTO is
not used, install the PTO shaft end cap
to place.

Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual
13
•Do not clean up, adjust or service
the equipment driven from the PTO with
the diesel engine running.
Safety requirements for maintenance
service
•Never refuel the tractor with the
diesel engine running.
•Do not smoke when refueling the
tractor.
•Do not fill the fuel tanks complete-
ly. Leave a space for fuel expansion.
•Never add gasoline or blends to
diesel fuel. Such combination may result
in higher hazard of flame or explosion.
•Make proper use of summer and
winter grades of fuel. To reduce the
amount of night condensate, refill the
fuel tank at the end of each working day.
•Refill the tractor only with oils and
greases recommended by the manufac-
turer. Use of other lubricants is strictly
prohibited!
•All operations related to cleaning
the engine and the tractor, preparation to
work, maintenance, etc. must be per-
formed with the engine off and the tractor
brake engaged.
•The cooling system operates un-
der pressure maintained by a valve in-
stalled on the filler cap. It is dangerous
to remove the cap on a hot engine. To
avoid burns of face and hands, take spe-
cial care when opening the radiator cap
on a hot engine, put a thick cloth onto
the cap first and put on a glove.
•To avoid burns, be careful when
draining the coolant from the cooling sys-
tem, hot oil from the diesel engine, hy-
draulic system and transmission.
•Exercise caution while servicing
storage batteries as electrolyte causes
burns in case of skin contact.
•To avoid risk of explosion, do not
allow a source of open fire near the fuel
system of the engine and batteries.
•Keep your tractor and its equip-
ment, especially the brakes and steering
equipment, in good condition to ensure
your safety and that of the surrounding
people.
•Do not modify the tractor or any of
its constituent parts without approval
from you dealer and manufacturer.
Safety requirements for operation and
maintenance of electrical equipment
•To avoid damages to semiconduc-
tor devices and resistors, observe the
following precautions:
−do not disconnect the storage bat-
tery terminals when the diesel engine is
running. This will result in peak voltage
in the charging circuit and unavoidable
damage of diodes and transistors.
−do not disconnect the electrical
wires until the diesel engine stops and all
electrical switches are switched off;
−do not cause a short circuit due to
faulty connection wires. A short circuit or
wrong polarity will cause damage to the
diodes and transistors;
−do not connect the storage battery
to the electrical system until terminals
and voltage are checked for the polarity;
−do not check availability of electric
current by sparking as it will result in an
immediate breakdown of transistors.
Hygiene requirements:
•If duration of continuous work on
the tractor exceeds 2.5 hours per a work-
ing shift, use personal protection equip-
ment to muffle noise as per State Stand-
ard ГОСТ 12,4.051-87 (such as ear pro-
tectors, ear plugs)
Fire safety requirements
•The tractor must have firefighting
tools such as a shovel and a fire extin-
guisher. Working on the tractor without
fire-fighting equipment is prohibited.
•The tractor park sites, fuel and
lubricant storage places must have a
surrounding plowed strip with a width of
3 m min. and be provided with fire-
fighting means.
•Avoid contamination of the mani-
fold and silencer with dust, fuel, straw,
etc.