BENDIX EC-16 ANTILOCK CONTROLLER User manual

1
®
MOUNTING
HOLES
(4)
SD-13-4787
Bendix®EC-16™AntiLock - Traction Controller
18 PIN
CONNECTOR 30 PIN
CONNECTOR
DIAGNOSTIC
DISPLAY
FIGURE 1 - EC-16™CONTROLLER
DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
TheEC-16™isanelectronicantilockcontroller.Itisthebase
component in a family of full vehicle wheel control antilock
systems for buses, trucks and truck tractors. In addition to
the antilock function, the EC-16™controller can be
assembledandprogrammedto provide an optionaltraction
controlfeature.Figure 1 showsthebasic EC-16™controller
configuration.
Designed to minimize the potential of brake lock up on all
wheels during aggressive braking, the EC-16™controller
based antilock system provides the vehicle with a high
degree of stability and steerability during braking. In most
cases, vehicle stopping distance is also reduced. The
antilock portion of the EC-16™controller based system
minimizeswheelskidduringhardor aggressive braking. By
controllingwheelskid at allwheels on thevehicle,optimum
steeringcontrol and stopping distance is obtained.
Tractioncontrol,anoptional feature in thefullvehicle wheel
controlantilocksystem,helpsimprovevehicletractionduring
acceleration in adverse road conditions. Integrated with
antilock logic, traction control monitors wheel speed
informationfromthesensorsduringacceleration,aswell as
braking. The system helps maintain vehicle stability on
hazardousroadsurfacesandimprovesdriveabilityandsafety.
There are two versions of the EC-16™controller.The older
version,wasfactorypre-programmedwithvehicleparticulars,
suchasthe number ofspeedsensors, if thetractioncontrol
featurewasenabled and the typeof traction control (torque
limiting, differential braking or both). A part number was
assigned to the EC-16™controller which was specific for
theprogrammed features contained in the unit. The newer
version contains a self configuring or learning feature that
allows the EC-16™controller to be configured by the user
wheninstalledon the vehicle.Becauseof this feature,allof
thenew version EC-16™controllerscontainall the features
andoptions available andwill activate the specific features
required for the vehicle it is installed on. The new version
EC-16™controller can be installed on vehicles with only
antilock or vehicles using the traction control feature. The
procedure for activating the self configuring feature and
identifying old and new version EC-16™controllers is

2
TRACTION ENABLE SWITCH
ANTILOCK LAMP
RETARDER DISABLE SWITCH BATTERY
ENGINE ELECTRONIC
CONTROL MODULE
M-21
™
OR M-22
™
MODULATORS
QUICK
RELEASE
VALVE
SERVICE BRAKE
VALVE
EC-16
™
CONTROLLER
AT-1
™
OR AT-2
™
ANTILOCK
TRACTION ASSEMBLY
M-21
™
OR M-22
™
MODULATORS
TANDEM REAR AXLE
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR
EXCITER
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR
EXCITER
REAR AXLE SERVICE &
SPRING BRAKES
DIAGNOSTIC
COMPUTER
TRACTION LAMP
FIGURE 2 - EC-16™CONTROLLER SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

3
contained in the section entitled "Configuring The EC-16™
Controller".
In order to provide full vehicle wheel control antilock, the
EC-16™controlleris used in combination withthe following
components:
- Fourwheelspeed sensors
- Fourairpressuremodulatorvalves
- Onedash mounted antilock condition lamp
- Oneservicebrakerelayvalve
Whenprogrammedto provide tractioncontrol in additionto
antilock,the following componentsare added:
- Onetractionsolenoid(incorporatedinto the relay valve)
- Twoadditionalwheelspeedsensors(optionalfortandem
drivevehicleswithdifferentialbrakingfeature)
- Onedash mounted tractioncondition lamp
- Serialconnectiontoenginecontrol module (for vehicles
programmedfortorquelimitingfeature)
- Tractiondisablewiring and switch
PHYSICAL
The EC-16™controller electronics are contained in a die
castaluminum housingand areenvironmentally protected
byaselfhealingsiliconecompound.Themetalhousingand
thedesignofthedigitalelectronicsareintendedtoprovidea
high degree of protection from radio and electromagnetic
interference.
The patented light emitting diode (LED) display and a
magnetically actuated reset switch is incorporated in the
housingfortroubleshooting and diagnostic purposes.
Two electrical connectors located in the controller housing
opposite the diagnostic display, connect the EC-16™
controllerto antilock and traction systemcomponents: one
30 pin and one 18 pin Packard Electric 150 series "Metri
pack"connector.In addition tothese twohousing mounted
connectors,theEC-16™controlleralsousesa 2 pin Deutsch
connectorwhenprogrammedwiththeoptionaltractioncontrol
feature.The2 pin connectoris linked toa traction solenoid,
whichis located in the upper portion ofthe antilocktraction
relayvalveassembly. (SeeFigure 3.)
MOUNTING
TheEC-16™controllerisavailablein two different mounting
styles.One model, shownin Figure 1,is a stand-alone.It is
intendedforbracketmountingtoaframememberandisnot
attachedto an antilockrelay valve.
EC-16™CONTROLLER INFORMATIONAL
INPUTS AND COMMAND OUTPUTS
GENERAL
The EC-16™controller receives information from several
components in system and, based on these inputs, issues
commands or delivers information. Some portions of the
EC-16™controllerboth receive and deliver commandsand
information.(SeeFigure4.)
INPUTS
- Wheel speed information is provided to the EC-16™
controllervia a wiring harness fromindividual wheel speed
sensorsator in thevehicle wheels. Workingwith an exciter
ortonering,wheelspeedsensorsprovideinformationtothe
2-PIN CONNECTOR
(TO TRACTION SOLENOID)
ANTILOCK TRACTION
ASSEMBLY
EC-16™
CONTROLLER
TRACTION
SOLENOID
TRACTION
RELAY
FIGURE 3 - EC-16™CONTROLLER W/ANTILOCK
TRACTION RELAY VALVE
AntiLock Added Function Vehicle Designation
Valve Provided Application (Valve + EC-16)
AR 1 None All CR 17 Controller Relay
AR 2 Bobtail Brake Tractors Only CR 18 Controller Relay
Proportioning
ATR-1 Traction All AT 1 AntiLock Traction
ATR 2 Traction & Bobtail Tractors Only AT 2 AntiLock Traction
Brake Proportioning
The other EC-16™controller is designed to be mounted on
oneoffour differentvalves.Allofthe valves provide therelay
functionand replace the standard service relay on antilock
equippedvehicles.Insomeinstancesthevalvesalsoprovide
specialized functions. When the EC-16™controller is
mountedonanyofthesevalves,theresultisafinalassembly
withitsownmodeldesignation.Refertothechartandfigure
3.

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Relay
Relay
See Lamp Relay
inset below
See Retarder Relay
inset below
F E D C B A
1
2
3
A1 RIGHT REAR MOD. COMMON
A2 FUTURE RELAY GRD.
A3 AUXILIARY OUTPUT
B1 RIGHT REAR MOD. HOLD
B2 RIGHT MID W.S. SIGNAL
B3 RIGHT MID W.S. RTN
C1 RIGHT REAR MOD. EXHAUST
C2 LEFT MID W.S. SIGNAL
C3 LEFT MID W.S. RTN.
D1 LEFT REAR MOD. EXHAUST
D2 TRACTION SOLENOID SOURCE
D3 TRACTION SOLENOID GRD.
E1 LEFT REAR MOD. HOLD
E2 RIGHT REAR W. S. SIGNAL
E3 RIGHT REAR W. S. RTN
F1 LEFT REAR MOD. COMMON
F2 LEFT REAR W. S. SIGNAL
F3 LEFT REAR W. S. RTN
K J H G F E D C B A
1
2
3
A1 GROUND
A2 GROUND
A3 GROUND
B1 BATTERY VOLTAGE
B2 ENGINE CONTROL SERIAL A
B3 ENGINE CONTROL SERIAL B
C1 RIGHT FRONT MOD. COMMON
C2 TRACTION LAMP
C3 AUXILIARY OUTPUT
D1 RIGHT FRONT MOD. HOLD
D2 NOT USED
D3 NOT USED
E1 RIGHT FRONT MOD. EXHAUST
E2 NOT USED
E3 WARNING LAMP
F1 LEFT FRONT MOD. EXHAUST
F2 TRACTION ENABLE SWITCH
F3 NOT USED
G1 LEFT FRONT MOD. HOLD
G2 DIAGNOSTIC SERIAL A
G3 DIAGNOSTIC SERIAL B
H1 LEFT FRONT MOD. COMMON
H2 RIGHT FRONT W. S. SIGNAL
H3 RIGHT FRONT W. S. RTN
J1 LEFT FRONT W. S. SIGNAL
J2 LEFT FRONT W. S. RTN
J3 CHASSIS GROUND
K1 RETARDER DISABLE
K2 BATTERY VOLTAGE
K3 BATTERY VOLTAGE
LampRelay RetarderRelay
Retarder
Switch
To
Retarder
To
Retarder
Battery
AntiLock
Controller
AntiLock
Controller
Dash
Lamp
FIGURE 4 - EC-16™CONTROLLER SYSTEM WIRING SCHEMATIC
Battery
AT-1, 2 ANTILOCK
TRACTION
MODULATOR AND
CONTROLLER
M-22
M-22
M-22
M-22 Modulator
CONNECTOR ON M-22
MODULATOR

5
EC-16™controllerintheformofanAC signal which varies in
voltageandfrequency as thespeed of thewheel increases
ordecreases.The EC-16™controller is designedtoreceive
wheelspeedinformation,from various wheelspeedsensor
models,at the rateof 100pulses per wheel revolution. The
EC-16™controller is able to simultaneously receive, and
individually interpret, speed signals from six wheel speed
sensors.Vehicledriveconfigurationandwhetherthetraction
control feature is in use determines the number of speed
sensorsthat must beused.Avehicle with asingle rear axle
drive(4x2, 4 x 4or6x 2) requires 4speedsensors for both
antilockandtraction operation.Avehiclewith two rear drive
axles (6 x 4) requires 4 speed sensors for antilock only
operation, but have the option to use 6 speed sensors for
enhancedperformanceofbothantilockandtractionoperation.
- Vehicle power is supplied to the EC-16™controller from
theignition switchthroughafuseor circuitbreaker.(30amp.)
TheelectricalgroundfortheEC-16™controlleristhevehicle
chassis.
- A connection for a traction enable switch is provided,
butnotalwaysused.The switch allows tractiontobeturned
onor offmanually.
OUTPUTS
- Modulators,like the Bendix®M-21™or M-22™modulator,
arethemeansbywhichtheEC-16™controllermodifiesdriver
appliedairpressureto the service brakes.Themodulatoris
an electrically controlled air valve located near the service
actuator(s) it controls. It is the last valve that air passes
through on its way to the brake actuator. Awiring harness
connects the modulator to the EC-16™antilock controller.
Solenoid valves contained in the modulator provide the
electricalinterfacebetweentheEC-16™controllerelectronics
and the air brake system. The EC-16™controller is able to
simultaneously and independently control four individual
modulatorassemblies.
- An antilock dash light and its electrical relay are
connectedto, and controlled by,the EC-16™controller and
serve as a means of advising the driver of the condition of
the antilock system.
-Aconnection to the engine or transmission retarder and
its relay is provided on the EC-16™controller, which allows
the EC-16™controller to temporarily disable the retarder
during certain modes of operation. While the EC-16™
controller is capable of this function, and connections are
provided, it is not always used. Use of the retarder disable
functionisnotessentialbuthighlyrecommendedforvehicles
equippedwitharetarder.
Note: TheEC-16™controllercanalsodisabletheretarder
using the same J1922 protocol it uses to control
the traction control, engine torque limiting feature.
Forthis redundant retarder disable tofunction, the
EC-16™controllermustbe connected to the engine
controlmodule(aswouldbethecase if the EC-16™
controller is programmed for the traction control,
torquelimitingfeature).
- The data link enables the EC-16™controller to "report"
its operating condition to a specialized, external computer
in response to certain commands it receives. The EC-16™
controllerdiagnosticdata link hardwareconforms to S.A.E.
standard J1708. The protocol, or coded language used,
conforms to S.A.E. standard J1587. There are two
connections to the EC-16™controller devoted to the data
link. While connections are provided for this function, it is
not always used. The data link is not essential for the
EC-16™controllerto be functional.
WS-20™STRAIGHT
SPEED SENSOR
WS-20™90
DEGREE SPEED
SENSOR
FIGURE 5 - WS-20™SPEED SENSORS
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
DELIVERY
PORT
SUPPLY
PORT
EXHAUST
PORT
SUPPLY
PORT
DELIVERY
PORT
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
M-21™
MODULATOR
EXHAUST
PORT
M-22™
MODULATOR
FIGURE 6 - MODULATORS

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Ifthe EC-16™controller is programmed for tractioncontrol,
it contains the following outputs:
- Aconnection to theengine's electronic control module
allowstheEC-16™controller to reduce enginetorqueunder
certain circumstances.
- A traction dash light is connected to and controlled by
the EC-16™controller and serves as a means of advising
the driver of the condition of the traction control system.
- A connection to the traction solenoid (located in the
upperportionof the antilocktractionrelayvalve—seeFigure
3)is provided via a 2pin Deutschconnector.
OPERATION - ANTILOCK
PHILOSOPHY
The Bendix®EC-16™controller antilock system uses
individualsensors, modulators andan electroniccontroller
to control the four vehicle wheel ends. By monitoring the
decelerationrate duringbraking,andsubsequentlyadjusting
the brake application pressure at each wheel, the EC-16™
controllerisabletoimprovebrakingbetweenthevehicletire
and the road surface it is on, while maintaining vehicle
stability.
Therearaxlebrakes are controlledindependently;therefore
brakeapplicationpressureat an individual wheelisadjusted
solely on the basis of its behavior on the road surface on
which it is traveling.
While each steering axle brake is under the control of an
individual modulator, the EC-16™controller does not treat
these brakes totally independently. The EC-16™controller
usesamodified individualcontrolphilosophyforthesteering
axle brakes. This is done in order to minimize "steering
wheelpull"intheeventeachwheelistravelingona different
road surface (for example, ice close to the curb and a dry
crown).EssentiallytheEC-16™controllercontrolsthebraking
forcedifferencesbetween the twobrakes.
The wheel on dry pavement is initially given less braking
force and is brought up to optimum during the stop, while
thewheeloniceattemptstomaintainoptimumbrakingduring
the entire stop.
In the case of vehicles equipped with tandem rear axles
(6x2, 6x4), the wheel speed sensors are installed at the
wheels on the axle that is most likely to lock first. A single
modulator controls both curb side brakes on the tandem,
andanother modulator controlsboth brakeson the driver's
sideofthetandem.Withthisarrangementofspeedsensors
andmodulators,both brakes on oneside of the tandemare
treated as one since they will most likely be on the same
typeof road surface.
NON ANTILOCK BRAKE APPLICATION
During normal braking, air pressure from the brake valve
entersthecontrolportofthe service relay valve. The service
relay delivers air to, and through, the antilock modulator
locatednearthe braked wheel,and into thebrake actuator.
Theservicebrakesarethusapplied.If the wheel sensors do
notdetectanimpendingwheellockup,theEC-16™controller
doesnotinitiateany corrective action and thevehiclecomes
to a stop in a normal fashion.
ANTILOCK BRAKE APPLICATION
Ifa service brake application is made andthe wheel speed
sensors detect an impending wheel lockup, the EC-16™
controller will immediately begin modification of the brake
application using the antilock modulator(s) at the affected
wheel(s). Solenoid valves contained in the modulator are
energizedanddeenergizedbytheEC-16™controllerinorder
to modify the brake application. When a solenoid coil is
energized,its shuttle moves. Depending upon the function
of the specific solenoid, it either opens or closes, thereby
causing the exhaust or re application of air pressure to the
brake actuator. The solenoids in each modulator are
controlled independently by the EC-16™controller. By
opening and closing the solenoid valves in the appropriate
modulator,theEC-16™controllerisactuallysimulatingwhat
drivers do when they "pump the brakes". It must be
remembered however that unlike the driver, the EC-16™
controller is able to "pump" each brake on the vehicle
independentlyand with far greaterspeed and accuracy.
OPERATION - TRACTION CONTROL
PHILOSOPHY
Traction control is a natural extension of antilock. Just as
antilock helps vehicle control and stability during braking,
tractioncontrolhelpsduringvehicle acceleration. The wheel
speed sensors not only detect rapid decreases in wheel
speed for antilock but also detect unreasonably high
increasesfortractioncontrol.Withtractioncontrol,aspinning
wheel is instantly detected and compared with the other
wheels on the vehicle, both front and rear. Two different
methodsareused to controlwheel spin; torque limitingand
differentialbraking.Dependinguponvehicletype, speedand
road (surface) condition, each method provides a unique
anddesirabletypeofwheelspincontrol.Ideallybothmethods
are used to control vehicle traction. While all new version
EC-16™controllers are capable of providing wheel control
antilock and traction control (utilizing both methods of
control),notallsystemswillbeconfiguredforbothmethods.
Depending upon the vehicle, either or both traction control
methods will be activated during the self configuration
procedure.

7
TRACTION CONTROL AT VEHICLE SPEEDS
ABOVE 25 MPH
If wheel spin occurs at any speed above 25 mph, the
EC-16™controllerwill instantly blink the tractiondash lamp
toadvise the driver that a wheel spin is occurring.
If the torque limiting feature is programmed in, the EC-16™
controller uses its link to the engine control module and
sendsasignaltoreduceenginetorquetoalevelsuitablefor
theavailabletraction.
THEEC-16™CONTROLLERWILLNOTSIGNALTHEATR
VALVE TO APPLY THE BRAKES, EVEN SLIGHTLY, AT
ANY SPEEDABOVE 25 MPH.
ANTILOCK AND TRACTION SYSTEM
OPERATION DURING COMPONENT FAILURE
The Bendix®EC-16™controller handles equipment failure
usingaconservativefailsafephilosophy.Anysingleelectrical
failureofacomponentdevotedtoantilockortractioncontrol
results in simultaneous illumination of the appropriate
condition lamp on the dash, a disabling of part or all of the
antilockortractionsystem,andreversiontostandardbraking
onwheelsno longer underEC-16™controllercontrol.
Depending upon the type of failure and its position of
occurrence, the EC-16™controller disables all or only a
portion of the antilock and traction system. A power or
controller failure, however, will result in complete disabling
of both systems and reversion to standard braking on all
wheels.
SINGLE FAILURE
The following list and chart describe how the antilock and
traction systems respond to a specific component failure.
(Note:rightandleft;front,midandrear are determined from
thedriver's seat. Leftfront is thereforethe corner closestto
thedriver.)
For example, if the right mid sensor ("RM Sensor" on the
chart) fails, front and rear antilock will still be operative.
Traction will be disabled, and, as always, the system has
standardairbraking.
Front modulator - If a front modulator fails, antilock on that
wheel is disabled.Antilock and traction on all other wheels
remainsactive.
Rearmodulator-Arearmodulatorfailuredisablesthetraction
system. Antilock on that wheel will also be disabled, but
antilockon all other wheels remains active.
Frontsensor-The wheel isstill modulated usinginputfrom
the opposite sensor. The traction system is disabled.
TorqueLimiting-Inorderforthetorquelimitingcontrolfeature
to be used, the vehicle must be equipped with an
electronicallycontrolled engine throttle.The torque limiting
featureallowstheEC-16™controller toreduceenginetorque
to a suitable level for the available traction.Torque limiting
helpsto minimize the amount (orspeed) of wheel spin. Itis
especiallyusefulin helping tominimizing a powerjackknife
andwhenalldrivewheelsareonan equallyslipperysurface.
DifferentialBraking-Inorderforthedifferentialbrakingcontrol
feature to be used, the vehicle must be equipped with an
antilocktraction relay valvesuch asthe Bendix®ATR-1™or
ATR-2™relay valve. The ATR-1™and ATR-2™relay valve
contain a solenoid assembly which provides this feature.
ThedifferentialbrakingfeatureallowstheEC-16™controller
to gently pump the brake on the spinning wheel. Since the
vehicle's differential tends to drive the wheel that presents
theleastresistance(thewheel on the slipperiestsurface),a
slight brake application to this wheel only, forces the
differentialto drive the stationary or slowly spinning wheel.
Whileavehiclemust be equipped withanelectronicthrottle
to utilize the torque limiting feature of traction control,
differentialbraking can be used on all vehicles. Differential
brakingcan be activated only when vehicle speed is under
25 MPH and one drive wheel is spinning faster than the
other(s).
TRACTION CONTROL AT VEHICLE SPEEDS
OF 0 TO 25 MPH
Whenwheel spin isdetected andthe vehicle isstopped, or
moving at any speed up to 25 mph, the EC-16™controller
simultaneouslyexecutes the followingoperations:
Itinstantlyblinks the tractiondash lamp toadvise the driver
that a wheel spin is occurring.
Ifthe torque limitingfeature is active,the EC-16™controller
usesitslinktotheenginecontrolmoduleandsendsasignal
toreduce enginetorque to a level suitable for the available
traction.
Ifthedifferentialbrakingfeatureisconfiguredintothesystem,
the EC-16™controller energizes the solenoid in the ATR
valve which then applies air to each of the rear axle
modulators. Because the modulators are controlled by the
EC-16™controller, the solenoid valves in the appropriate
modulatorareopened and closed togentlypump the brake
on the spinning wheel only. This gentle brake application
forcesthedifferentialtodrivethestationaryorslowlyspinning
wheel.
Oncewheel spin is eliminated,the dash lampgoes out and
the traction system disengages control.

8
Mid or rear sensor -Antilock on that wheel is disabled, but
antilockonallother wheels remainsactive.Traction control
is disabled.
Controller -Antilock and traction are disabled. The system
revertstostandard air braking.
Traction solenoid - Traction control is disabled. Antilock
remainsactive.
EngineControl Module*-Iftheenginecontrolmodule(ECM)
or the wiring from the EC-16™controller to the ECM fails,
traction control is disabled.Antilock remains active.
Voltage* - If system voltage is out of range, antilock and
traction are disabled. The system reverts to standard air
braking.
*Note: A voltage problem and an intermittent ECM wiring
problemcan "correct" themselves.For example,a
power surge can take the system out of voltage
range for a moment, which will flash the voltage
LED and an intermittent wiring problem between
the EC-16™controller and the ECM can cause the
traction LED to go on. During the time that the
problemisoccurring,thedash lamp will also beon.
When the problem corrects itself, the system is
restored. The dash lamp and the appropriate LED
go out.
For all other problems, the system will not be restored in
theproblemareauntiltheerroriscorrected and the EC-16™
controller is cleared with the reset switch. It should be
rememberedthatthe driver willbe advised of thedegraded
operation via the dash lamps and that standard air braking
will still be available on those brakes where the EC-16™
controller has disabled the system.
MULTIPLE FAILURES
In the event that multiple failures occur, the dash lamp will
react as it normally would during a single failure, and the
LEDswillshowone failure at atime.When the first problem
is fixed and the system is reset, the next problem area will
appearat the LEDs.Thisway, thedriver ormechanic does
not lose track of problem areas, and the system is not
restored until each and every error is corrected and the
EC-16™controller is reset.
SYSTEMSTILLOPERATING(YES/NO)
Std.
ABS Front ABS Rear Traction Braking
Left Right Left Right
RF Sensor YES YES YES YES NO YES
LF Sensor YES YES YES YES NO YES
RM Sensor YES YES YES YES NO YES
LM Sensor YES YES YES YES NO YES
RR Sensor YES YES YES NO NO YES
LR Sensor YES YES NO YES NO YES
RFModulator YES NO YES YES YES YES
LFModulator NO YES YES YES YES YES
RRModulator YES YES YES NO NO YES
LRModulator YES YES NO YES NO YES
Controller NO NO NO NO NO YES
Solenoid YES YES YES YES NO YES
EngineControl YES YES YES YES NO YES
Module*
Voltage* NO NO NO NO NO YES
*When ECM wiring or voltage "corrects" itself, system is restored.
ANTILOCK AND TRACTION WIRING
GENERAL NOTES
The wires that carry information and power into and out of
theEC-16™controller are generallygrouped and terminate
at a connector. The wire groups or wire harnesses along
withtheconnectorsare most oftenspecifiedand/orsupplied
by the vehicle manufacturer. The connectors used on the
EC-16™controller are illustrated in Figure 4. The wiring
harnesses and connectors are weather resistant and the
wiresthat enter the connector are sealed to the connector.
Thewiregaugeusedin the wire harnessesisspecificto the
taskperformed.
Whendiagnosingwiringintheantilock system the following
generalrulesapplyandshouldbefollowedwhereapplicable:
1. Itisgenerallyadvisableto replace a wireharnessrather
than repair individual wires in the harness. If a splice
repair must be made, it is important that the splice be
properlysoldered with a rosin flux (not acidbased) and
madewaterproof.
2. Donotpiercewireinsulationwhencheckingforcontinuity.
Checkfor power, ground orcontinuity by disconnecting
theconnector and testingthe individual pins or sockets
inthe connector.
3. Always check the vehicle handbook for wire and
connectoridentification.Individualwireidentificationwill
differdependinguponthe type of connectorsinuse,the
vehiclemanufacturer,and the system features inuse.
4. While the retarder disable, serial link, and traction on/
off connections (4 total) are present on all EC-16™
controllers they are not always used.
FAILURE LOCATION

9
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Every3 months; 25,000 miles; or 900 operatinghours;
1. Check all wiring and connectors to ensure they are
secureandfreefrom visible damage.
2. Althoughthe EC-16™controller incorporates self check
diagnostics, the LED display should be inspected to
ensure that it is functional. With the vehicle ignition on,
a magnet (800 gauss; capable of picking up 3 ounces)
held to the LED reset switch should cause all of the
LEDsto illuminate. Ifone or more of theLEDs DO NOT
ILLUMINATEandthedash condition lampsindicate the
systemisfunctioningproperly,thenonilluminatedLED(s)
should be noted for future reference. Although the
diagnostic capabilities will be limited, the system will
continueto function as designed.
3. Roadtest the vehicleby making anantilock stop froma
vehicle speed of 20 miles per hour. When an antilock
stop is made, the modulator solenoids pulsate and an
audibleburstofaircanbeheardfromoutsideofthecab.
Thewheelsshouldnotenteraprolonged"lock"condition.
Also,make a traction acceleration byaccelerating ona
road surface with reduced traction. As with antilock,
audible bursts of air can be heard when the traction
system is functioning.
WARNING! PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW
THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO AVOID
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH:
When working on or around a vehicle, the following
general precautions should be observed at all times.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface, apply the
parking brakes, and always block the wheels.
Always wear safety glasses.
2. Stop the engine and remove ignition key when
working under or around the vehicle. When
working in the engine compartment, the engine
should be shut off and the ignition key should be
removed. Where circumstances require that the
enginebeinoperation,EXTREMECAUTIONshould
be used to prevent personal injury resulting from
contact with moving, rotating, leaking, heated or
electrically charged components.
3. Do not attempt to install, remove, disassemble or
assemble a component until you have read and
thoroughly understand the recommended
procedures. Useonlythepropertoolsandobserve
all precautions pertaining to use of those tools.
4. If the work is being performed on the vehicle’s air
brake system, or any auxiliary pressurized air
systems, make certain to drain the air pressure
from all reservoirs before beginning ANY work on
the vehicle. If the vehicle is equipped with an
AD-IS™airdryersystemoradryerreservoirmodule,
be sure to drain the purge reservoir.
5. Following the vehicle manufacturer’s
recommendedprocedures,deactivatetheelectrical
systeminamannerthatsafelyremovesallelectrical
power from the vehicle.
6. Never exceed manufacturer’s recommended
pressures.
7. Never connect or disconnect a hose or line
containing pressure; it may whip. Never remove a
component or plug unless you are certain all
system pressure has been depleted.
8. Use only genuine Bendix®replacement parts,
components and kits. Replacement hardware,
tubing, hose, fittings, etc. must be of equivalent
size, type and strength as original equipment and
bedesignedspecificallyforsuchapplicationsand
systems.
DIAGNOSTIC
DISPLAY LEDs RESET SWITCH
FIGURE 7 - EC-16™CONTROLLER DIAGNOSTIC DISPLAY
9. Components with stripped threads or damaged
parts should be replaced rather than repaired. Do
notattemptrepairsrequiringmachiningorwelding
unless specifically stated and approved by the
vehicle and component manufacturer.
10. Prior to returning the vehicle to service, make
certainallcomponentsandsystemsarerestoredto
their proper operating condition.
11. Forvehicles with Antilock Traction Control (ATC),
theATCfunctionmustbedisabled(ATCindication
lampshouldbeON)priortoperforminganyvehicle
maintenance where one or more wheels on a
drive axle are lifted off the ground and moving.
REMOVING THE EC-16™CONTROLLER
EC-16™CONTROLLER MOUNTED ON
ANTILOCK RELAY VALVE OR ANTILOCK
TRACTION RELAY VALVE
1. Identifyand remove all air lines connected to the unit.
2. Disconnecttheelectrical connector(s) fromthe EC-16™
controller.
3. Note and mark the mounting position of the assembly
onthevehicle. Loosen, remove andsavethenutsonthe
mounting hardware that attaches the controller relay
assemblybrackettothe vehicle. Remove therelayvalve
andEC-16™controller from thevehicle.

10
4. Remove as much contamination as possible from the
assembly'sexterior. Keep the contaminationaway from
theopen ports.
5. Note and mark the position of the EC-16™controller
relativetothevalveitismountedon.Removeandretain
the four cap screws that secure the EC-16™controller
tothe valve. Then separate the EC-16™controller from
thevalve.
BRACKET MOUNTED EC-16™CONTROLLER
1. Disconnecttheelectrical connector(s) fromthe EC-16™
controller.
2. Note and mark the mounting position of the EC-16™
controlleron the vehicle.Loosen, remove and save the
nuts on the mounting hardware that attaches the
EC-16™controller bracket to the vehicle. Remove the
EC-16™controllerand bracket fromthe vehicle.
3. Removeand retain thefour capscrews that secure the
EC-16™controllerto the bracket. Separate the EC-16™
controllerfrom the bracket.
4. Perform the "Initial Start up Procedure" in the
TROUBLESHOOTINGsectiontoassurepropersystem
operation.
INSTALLING THE EC-16™CONTROLLER
EC-16™CONTROLLER MOUNTED ON
ANTILOCK RELAY VALVE OR ANTILOCK
TRACTION RELAY VALVE
1. After noting the relationship of the positioning marks
made prior to disassembly, position and secure the
EC-16™controllertothevalveusing the fourcapscrews.
Torque the cap screws to 50-80 Ibs. in.
2. Mount the assembled EC-16™controller and antilock
relay valve on the vehicle and orient it in the position
markedbefore removal.
3. Reconnect all air lines to the assembly.
4. Reconnect the electrical connector(s) to the EC-16™
controller.
5. Testthevalve for operationandleakage prior toplacing
thevehiclein service.
6. Perform the "Initial Start Up Procedure" in the
TROUBLESHOOTINGsectiontoassurepropersystem
operation.
BRACKET MOUNTED EC-16™CONTROLLER
1. Secure the EC-16™controller to its bracket using the
four cap screws. Torque to 50-80 Ibs. in.
2. After noting the positioning marks, mount the EC-16™
controller on the vehicle using the mounting hardware
retainedduringremoval.
3. Connect the electrical connector(s) to the EC-16™
controller.
4. Perform the "initial Start up Procedure" in the
TROUBLESHOOTINGsectiontoassurepropersystem
operation.
DIAGNOSINGAND LOCATING ASYSTEM
PROBLEM
GENERAL
The EC-16™controller contains self test and diagnostic
circuitry that continuously checks for proper operation of
theentireantilock/tractionsystem,includingwiringcontinuity.
The EC-16™controller is programmed at the factory to
accommodatethe needs of the vehicle and thecustomer's
desires.All EC-16™controllersarenot factory programmed
withthe traction controlfeature, in whichcase antilock only
willbeactive.Thenewer, selfconfiguringEC-16™controller
can be reconfigured by the end user to include traction
control.Avehicleequippedwithtractioncontrolcangenerally
be identified by noting the presence of a dashmounted
condition lamp, a disable switch (for the traction control
system)andatractionsolenoidlocatedabovetherelayvalve.
Separate dash lamps, controlled by the EC-16™controller,
advisethedriveroftheconditionoftheentireantilock/traction
system. The condition of specific components is provided
by a series of labeled, light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the
EC-16™controller housing. No special tools or equipment
are needed to read or interpret the EC-16™controller
diagnostic display. It should be noted that the EC-16™
controller diagnostics display is separate from the antilock
and traction condition lamps on the dash. With this
separation, the driver is aware of any problems that occur
but is not confused by diagnostic information.
Whenthecontrollersenses an erroneouscondition,itstores
the condition in memory, disables the antilock or traction
function,and illuminates the dash mounted condition lamp
and the appropriate diagnostic LEDs on the EC-16™
controller. The failure condition is truly stored and is not
clearedbylossofpowertotheEC-16™controller.TheLEDs
will relight when power is restored and remain illuminated
until the failure is corrected. After the actual problem is
corrected, maintenance personnel can clear or reset the
EC-16™controller diagnostics by holding a small magnet
over the RESET point in the diagnostics display.
DIAGNOSTIC LEDS
TherearetenLEDsplusamagneticallyactuatedresetswitch
inthe EC-16™controllerdiagnosticdisplay.ThefirstsixLEDs
locate a problem to a specific area of the vehicle, and the
next three indicate the problem component or its wiring.
The LEDs are software driven and are either ON or OFF
dependingupontheir monitor function. (Note:right and left,
frontandrearare determined fromthedriver's seat.)

11
FRT RedLED
MID RedLED(See Note)
RER RedLED
RHT Red LED
LFT Red LED
TRC Red LED
MOD RedLED
SEN RedLED
ECU RedLED
VLT GreenLED
RESET + NoLED
Note: TheMIDLED is usedwithsomebutnotallvehicles.
Whensix speed sensorsare not installed this LED
is not used in the diagnostic process. However, it
will light when a magnet is placed on the RESET
switch in the diagnostic display.
"FRT"(Front)LED
ThisRedLED illuminatesandlatchesONinorder toindicate
thelocationofa problem componentorits wiring. It willlight
in conjunction with either the RIGHT or LEFT LED and the
MOD or SENS LED.
"MID" (MidAxle)LED
This Red LED is not used in all installations. On those
vehicles that have six speed sensors installed, this Red
LEDilluminatesand latches ON toindicatethe location of a
problem speed sensor or its wiring. The "MID" LED should
not illuminate with the "MOD" LED.
"RER"(Rear)LED
ThisRedLED illuminatesandlatchesONinorder toindicate
thelocationofa problem componentorits wiring. It willlight
in conjunction with either the RIGHT or LEFT LED and the
MOD or SENS LED
"RHT"(Right)LED
ThisRedLED illuminatesandlatchesONinorder toindicate
thelocationofa problem componentorits wiring. It willlight
inconjunctionwitheithertheFRONT or REAR LED andthe
MOD or SENS LED.
"LFT"(Left)LED
ThisRedLED illuminatesandlatchesONinorder toindicate
thelocationofa problem componentorits wiring. It willlight
inconjunctionwitheithertheFRONT or REAR LED andthe
MOD or SENS LED.
"TRC"(Traction)LED
This Red LED illuminates and latches ON to indicate a
permanent problem in the traction control system. It may
beilluminatedwiththeMODLEDormayilluminate by itself.
NOTE: If an intermittent problem exists with the wiring to
the engine control module (ECM), this LED will go on.
However, it will not latch—it will go out when the problem
"corrects" itself.
"MOD"(Modulator) LED
This Red LED illuminates and latches ON to indicate a
permanent or intermittent open or short circuit in the
solenoidsofone of thefour M-21™modulatorsorthe wiring
connectingthem to thesystem. When indicatinga problem
with an M-21™modulator this LED will be illuminated with
two positioning LEDs (RHT/LFT + FRT/RER). NOTE: The
MIDpositioningLEDshouldnotbeilluminatedwiththisLED.
ThisLEDis also usedtoindicate a problemwithanATR-1™
orATR-2™,antilocktractionrelay,solenoid.Whenilluminated
fora tractionsystem problem the TRC LED will also be on.
"SEN"(SpeedSensor)LED
This Red LED illuminates and latches ON to indicate
permanentorintermittentfailure.Thefailures indicated are;
open or shorted wheel does not conform to design criteria.
The"SEN"LED willbeilluminatedwithtwopositioningLEDs
(RHT/LFT+ FRT/MID/RER).
"ECU" (ElectronicControlUnit) LED
ThisRedLED, whenilluminated,indicatesthatthecontroller
itself has failed. It is latched ON for all EC-16™controller
failuresexceptlowvoltage.Beforecontrollerreplacementis
considered,always check vehiclevoltagetothe controller.
"VLT" LED
ThisGreenLEDilluminates and remains ONduringvehicle
operation to indicate that vehicle power is reaching the
controller. Ifvehicle power is outof range (below11VDC or
above17VDC)thisLEDwillflashuntilpowerisbroughtinto
range.
"RESET"
Beneath the RESET area of the display is a magnetically
sensitiveswitchthat is usedto reset thediagnosticsystem.
The device will respond to a magnet which has strength
sufficienttolift athree(3)ounceweight.Momentarily holding
a magnet against the RESET will causeALL LEDs to light
during the time the magnet is against it. Holding a magnet
against the RESET longer than 20 seconds will cause the
newer version EC-16™controller to initiate the self
configurationfeature.
EC-16™CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION
GENERAL
All EC-16™controllers manufactured on or afterAugust 1,
1995 incorporate the self configuring feature. New,
replacement EC-16™controllers will be provided factory
preprogrammed for 6 speed sensor inputs and both the
differential braking and torque limiting features for traction
control.

12
ANTILOCKLAMP LAMP ON LAMP OFF LAMP ON LAMP OFF LAMP ON
1ST TIME 1ST TIME 2ND TIME 2ND TIME STAYS ON
TractionLamp
(EC-16™controllerw/torque
limiting&differential braking) On Off On Off Stays Off
TractionLamp(EC-16™
controllerw/torque limiting only) Off Off On Off Stays Off
TractionLamp(EC-16™
controllerw/differentialbrakingonly) On Off Off Off Stays Off
IDENTIFYING THE SELF CONFIGURING EC-16™
CONTROLLER
The self configuring EC-16™controller can most easily be
identifiedwhileinstalledonthevehicle.Identificationcanbe
made by observing the reaction of the diagnostic display
when the ignition is switched ON and power is applied to
the EC-16™controller. The current configuration of the
EC-16™controllerisdisplayedviathetroubleshootingLEDs
and occurs during the normal self test sequence. This
configuration review is repeated each time the ignition is
turnedon.Thesequenceandmanner of LED illumination is
described in the section entitled EC-16™Controller
Configuration Display. That section should also be used to
confirm that the system is configured as desired.
The diagnostic LEDs on older versions of the EC-16™
controllerwillonlyreactas described in items 2and6under
thesectionentitled EC-16™ControllerConfigurationDisplay.
EC-16™CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION
DISPLAY
1. Turntheignition ON.
2. All LEDs will illuminate then go out.
3. The number of active sensors will be displayed by the
momentary illumination of the red SEN (sensor) LED
andtwoor moreoftheredlocatingLEDs. NootherLEDs
will be on.
A. SEN + FRT (front) + RER (rear) = A four sensor
configuration (all systems must have at least a 4
sensorconfiguration)
B. SEN + FRT + MID (middle) + RER = A six sensor
configuration
4. Thered TRC LED will momentarilyilluminate by itself if
traction control torque limiting is active, if not, then the
display will go to the condition described in #5.
5. TheredTRCandMODLEDswill momentarily illuminate
iftractioncontroldifferentialbrakingisactive,ifnot,then
the display will go to the condition described in #6. No
other LEDs will be on.
6. Thediagnosticdisplaywillreturntoitsnormaloperational
status. Assuming no problems exist in the antilock or
traction system, all red LEDs will be off and the single,
green,VLT LED is illuminated.
EC-16™CONTROLLER SELF CONFIGURING
PROCESS
Important General Information
1. Three aspects of the antilock and traction system are
influencedbythe self configuringfeature of theEC-16™
controller.
A. Speed Sensors The number of speed sensors
connectedto the EC-16™controller will bedetected
during the self configuration process. The EC-16™
controller will check the MID SEN (mid axle speed
sensor) locations on its connector to determine if a
sensor is connected to it and will default to a six
sensor configuration if it detects even one sensor
connected.If no mid axlespeed sensor isdetected,
the EC-16™controller will default to a four sensor
configuration.
B. Electronic Engine Control If the EC-16™controller
is connected to the control module of an electronic
engine,thetorque limiting featureof traction control
willbeactivated during the selfconfiguring process.
C. Antilock Traction Relay Valve If the solenoid
assembly in the ATR valve is connected to the
EC-16™controller, thedifferentialbrakingfeature of
traction control will be activated during the self
configuringprocess.
2. Nomethod is available todisable the self configuration
feature.
3. Dueto the extendedperiod of time the magnetmust be
held on the RESET to initiate the self configuration
process (20 seconds), it is unlikely that a self
configurationwouldoccur accidentally.
4. Basic,four speed sensor, antilock operationcan not be
removedduringthe self configuration process.This is a
minimumconfigurationfor all EC-16™controllers.
5. If a speed sensor is connected to either wheel on the
mid axle the EC-16™controller will configure for six
sensors. If no mid axle speed sensor is detected, the
EC-16™controller will configure for four sensors. Any
disconnected speed sensor(s) will register as a failure
on the diagnostic display at the end of the EC-16™
controller self test.

13
6. All or part of traction control can be lost during self
configurationby;
A. Not connecting one of the wire harnesses (engine
control module for torque limiting and ATR valve
solenoidfordifferentialbraking)
B. A missing or inoperative traction dash lamp (bulb
missingor burned out).
C. A missing or inoperative traction control enable
disable switch.
D. Notplacingthetractioncontrolenable/disableswitch
in the disabled position. The operator can tell that
the traction features are lost by noting the absence
ofthetractionlampflashuponpowerup.Theoperator
should note the flashing of the antilock condition
lamp,and thetractionlampiftraction equipped,upon
every power up. Observing the dash lamps is the
only method the operator has to verify the system
operation.
7. TheEC-16™controllercanbereprogrammedupto10,000
times.
8. Whenareplacement EC-16™controllerisinstalled on a
vehicle that does not have one or more of the pre
programmedfeatures,a failure will beregistered on the
dash lamp(s) and on the EC-16™controller diagnostic
display. For this reason it is necessary to perform the
selfconfiguringprocedure.
9. Someconfigurationinformationisavailablebyobserving
the reaction of the dash condition lamps on vehicles
configured with traction control and equipped with the
self configuring EC-16™controller. When the ignition is
switched ON, the EC-16™controller self test is begun.
During the self test the dash lamps will flash on and off
together as indicated in the chart, depending upon the
type and amount of traction control configured into the
EC-16™controller. Note: For more information on this
subject see the TROUBLESHOOTING section of this
document.
Self Configuration Process
Inordertosuccessfullycompletetheselfconfiguringprocess
followthe steps presented.
1. Connectallantilockandtractioncontrolwireharnesses.
Referto the schematicin Figure 4.Make certain thatall
thespeedsensorspresentonthevehicleareconnected
(H2,H3, J1, J2on the 30pin connector andE2, E3, F2,
F3,B2,B3,C2,C3onthe18pinconnector).Ifthevehicle
has an electronic engine and traction control torque
limiting is desired the engine control module must be
connected (B2 and B3 on the 30 pin connector). If the
vehicleisequippedwitheitheranATR-1™orATR-2™valve,
the solenoid connection must be made to the EC-16™
controller (D2 and D3 on the 18 pin connector) in order
toobtain traction controldifferential braking.
2. If the vehicle is to be configured with traction control, it
must have a traction control dash lamp and a traction
controlenable / disableswitch.Boththelampandswitch
must be functional. Place the traction control enable/
disable switch in the traction control disabled position
(tractioncontrolinoperative).
3. Turn the ignition ON and hold a magnet on the RESET
positionoftheEC-16™controllerdiagnosticdisplay until
the LEDs begin to randomly flash then remove the
magnet.Ifthemagnetisnot removed during the random
LEDflashingasecondselfconfigurationmaybeinitiated.
The magnet may have to be held on the RESET for as
longas20 seconds.Whentheselfconfigurationprocess
is complete the EC-16™controller will automatically go
through a self test. During the self test the diagnostic
displaywill indicate thenew configuration as described
under the section entitled EC-16™Controller
Configuration Display. Note: If the EC-16™controller is
being configured with traction control (either torque
limiting,differential braking or both),the traction control
condition dash lamp, will be illuminated as well as the
appropriate LEDs on the EC-16™controller diagnostic
display.Thetraction controldashlampwillbeilluminated
untilthetractioncontrolenable/disableswitchisplaced
in the traction control enabled position (traction control
operative).
4. Place the traction control enable / disable switch in the
traction control enabled position (traction control
operative),the traction control dashlamp should beoff.
5. Before placing the vehicle in service, verify the
configuration and the system condition by turning the
ignition OFF then ON while observing the EC-16™
controller diagnostic display. The diagnostic display
should indicate the desired configuration as described
under the section entitled EC-16™Controller
Configuration Display and no red LEDs should be
illuminated at the end of the self test.
6. If the configuration appears correct but the diagnostic
LEDsindicate a failure somewhere in the system,refer
totheGeneralConfigurationInformation below and use
theTroubleshootingsectionofthismanualtolocateand
repairtheproblem.
7. If the configuration is incorrect, the process can be
repeatedas required. Onecommon error is performing
the self configuration with the traction enable / disable
switchinthewrongposition.This willpreventanytraction
featuresfrombeing activated. Note: Thetractionswitch
mustbe in thedisable position toconfigure traction, but
mustbe placedintheenablepositiontoallowthetraction
lamp to flash.

14
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT BEFORE TROUBLESHOOTING:
1. Determineifthevehicleisequippedwithtraction control.
The presence of a traction condition lamp on the dash
can be used.
2. Some vehicles are equipped with a traction control
"disabling switch." If so equipped, ENABLE THE
TRACTION SYSTEM BEFORE BEGINNING THE
TROUBLESHOOTING.
3. If the vehicle is equipped with traction control and is a
tandem axle unit, note the number of drive axles. The
"MID" diagnostic LED is used only on 6x4 vehicles.
GENERAL
While the EC-16™controller diagnostic display locates a
specificproblemarea,itisstillnecessarytoconfirmwhether
the problem resides in the component itself or the wiring.
The following troubleshooting procedure is devoted to
narrowing the problem to either the wiring or a specific
AntiLockortractioncomponent. It shouldbenoted thatALL
TROUBLESHOOTING BEGINS BY OBSERVING THE
ANTILOCKANDTRACTIONCONDITIONLAMPSONTHE
DASH.All troubleshootingshould begin by first performing
the"Initial Start Up Procedure" and followingthe directions
contained in it.
TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS
1. Begin by observing the dash condition lamp(s) and
performingthe"Initial Start UpProcedure."
2. Thetroubleshootingtechnicianshouldrecord all findings
andtheactiontaken during the troubleshootingprocess.
3. No voltage or resistance tests are performed into the
EC-16™controller. All voltage and resistance tests are
performed by beginning at the wire harness half of the
connectorandmovingAWAYfromtheEC-16™controller
toward an antilock traction system component
(modulator,wheel speed sensor, etc.)
4. If a problem mysteriously reoccurs and no apparent
cause can be detected during troubleshooting, closely
inspect the quality of the power supply to the antilock
system. Check the vehicle wiring, wiring connectors
AND the alternator. Defects in these components can
causefalse failure indications.

15
ON - GO TO
SECTIONXI
ON - GO TO
SECTIONXII
ON
(NOTFLASHING)
ONEOR
MOREON
GOTO
SECTIONIV
ONEFROMTHIS
GROUPON
ONEFROMTHIS
GROUPON
ON- GO TOSECTIONVI A ON-GOTOSECTIONVIIA
ONEFROMTHIS
GROUPON
ONEFROMTHIS
GROUPON
NOTHINGON-GO
TOSECTIONV
FLASHING-GOTO
SECTIONV ON(NOTFLASHING) -GO TOSECTIONII
DIAGNOSTIC DISPLAY
QUICK REFERENCE
ThisindexispresentedforthebenefitofpersonnelexperiencedintroubleshootingBendixfull-vehiclewheelcontrol
AntiLock with traction control. It provides a quick reference to specific sections that provide testing procedures and
values.

16
TURN IGNITIONONAND
OBSERVEDASHANTILOCK
LAMP.
0
DIDANTILOCKDASH LAMPBLINK?
ISANTILOCKDASH LAMP
STILLILLUMINATED?
YES
YES
GOTOSECTIONIII“INSPECTION
FORILLUMINATEDLEDs"
INCREASEVEHICLESPEEDTOABOVE7MPH
FORATLEAST5SECONDSANDOBSERVE
THEDASHLAMP.
DASHLAMPILLUMINATESOR
REMAINSON
NO
ANTILOCKDASH LAMPDOESNOTBLINK,
COMESONANDREMAINSILLUMINATEDGO
TOSECTIONII “INSPECTIONFORILLUMI-
NATEDLEDS”
0
STARTHERE
NO
ISVEHICLEEQUIPPEDWITH
TRACTIONCONTROL?
YES
THEANTILOCKSYSTEM ISFUNC-
TIONINGNORMALLY. MAKENOTE
OFANYPARTSREPLACEDOR
REPAIRED.
NO
TURN IGNITIONOFFTHEN
ONANDOBSERVEONLY
DASHTRACTIONCONTROL
CONDITION LAMP. DID
TRACTIONCONTROLLAMP
BLINKTHENGOOUT?
0
THETRACTIONSYSTEM IS
FUNCTIONINGNORMALLY.
YES
NO
MAKECERTAINTRACTION
ISENABLED(USETHE
UNDERDASHSWITCH).
RETEST 0
DIDTRACTIONCONTROL
LAMPBLINKTHENGO
OUT?
YES
ISTRACTIONDASH
LAMPILLUMINATED?
GOTOSECTIONXI
"TESTINGTRACTION
CONTROLMODULATOR"
YES
NO
GOTOSECTIONX"TESTING
THETRACTIONDASH
LAMP"
NO
YES - See Notice
NO - See Notice
IMPORTANT NOTICE
AntiLocksystems manufactured afterJanuary
20,1997aredesignedsothattheantilockdash
lampextinguishesafterasuccessfulselftestof
the electronics and system wiring. Previous
systems required vehicle speed input to
extinguish the dash lamp.
0
If the EC-16™controller has been recently replaced, deter-
mine if it is a self configuring model (refer to service data
sectionentitled"EC-16™CONTROLLERCONFIGURATION")
and make certain it is configured properly for the vehicle.
If traction control is part of the configuration, the "enable
- disable" switch must be placed in the enabled position
(traction control operable).
INITIAL START-UP PROCEDURE

17
SECTION I - ANTILOCK DASH LAMP TESTING
YES
NO
CHECKWIRINGHARNESSANDRELAYFOR
SHORTSTOGROUND. RECONNECTAND
CHECK/REPLACETHEFOLLOWING:
1.DASHLIGHTBULB
2.FUSE
3.RELAYPOWERWIRE
4. RELAY
AFTERREPLACINGEACHCOMPONENTTEST
THEDASHLAMP.
REPLACETHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER
NO NO
STARTHERE
E3
TODASHLAMP
RELAY
A3
GROUND
A1
GROUND
A2
GROUND
REPAIRORREPLACEWIRE
HARNESS
REPLACERELAY&
RETESTFORBATTERY
VOLTAGE
SECONDTIMETO
THISPOINT?
ISVOLTAGECORRECT?
REPEATTHE“INITIAL
START-UPPROCEDURE”
WITHIGNITION ON,MEASURE VOLTAGEBETWEEN
PINS E3 & A1, A2, A3. VOLTAGE SHOULD BE SAME AS
BATTERY VOLTAGE
YES
YES
DISCONNECT30PINCONNECTORFROM
EC-16™CONTROLLERANDOBSERVETHE
ANTILOCKDASHLAMP.
ANTILOCKDASH LAMP
ILLUMINATED?
A1,A2, A3
GROUND
DASHLAMP
RELAY
VEHICLEPOWER
(IGNITION)
E3
TODASHLAMP
RELAY
DASHLAMP

18
SECTION II - INSPECTION FOR ILLUMINATED LEDs
CHECKCLOSELYAND
NOTEIFGREEN,VLT
LEDISILLUMINATED
NO(OFF)
YES
NO
YES (ON)
GOTO SECTIONV
“TESTINGFORPOWER
TOTHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER”
YES
AREANYREDLEDs
ILLUMINATED?
NO
YES
NO
INSPECTEC-16™
CONTROLLERFOR
PRESENCEOFILLUMINATED
LEDsANDRECORD
STARTHERE
AREANYREDLEDs
ILLUMINATED?
ISGREENLEDFLASHING?
EC-16™CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSTICDISPLAY
GREENVLTLED
REDLEDs
REPLACETHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER
GOTO SECTIONV “TESTING
FORPOWERTOTHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER”.
NOTEANDRECORDTHE
CONDITIONOFALLRED
LEDs
GOTOSECTIONIV
“INSPECTIONFOR
ILLUMINATEDLEDs”
GOTOSECTIONVIII“TESTINGFOR
FALSEFAILUREINDICATION-
CAUSEDBYDASH LAMP RELAY”

19
SECTION III - INSPECTION FOR ILLUMINATED LEDs
ISGREENLEDFLASHING?
YES
NO
YES
GOTO SECTIONIX “TESTINGFORFALSE
FAILUREINDICATION-CAUSEDBY
WHEELSPEEDCOMPONENTS”
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
INSPECTTHEEC-16™CONTROLLERFOR
PRESENCEOFILLUMINATEDLEDSANDRECORD
STARTHERE
GOTOSECTIONIV“INSPECTION
FORILLUMINATEDLEDs”
EC-16™CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSTICDISPLAY
GOTOSECTIONV
“TESTINGFORPOWER
TOTHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER”
ISGREENVOLTLED ILLUMINATED? AREANYRED
LEDs
ILLUMINATED?
GOTO SECTIONV
“TESTINGFORPOWER
TOTHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER”
REPLACETHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER
AREANYREDLEDsILLUMINATED?
NOTEANDRECORD
THECONDITIONOF
ALLREDLEDs

20
SECTION IV - INSPECTION FOR ILLUMINATED LEDs
THERESHOULDBEAMINIMUMOF
THREEREDLEDsILLUMINATEDAND
OFTHETHREETHEREMUSTBEA“RHT”
OR“LFT”,PLUS A “FRT”, "MID" OR“RER”,
PLUS A “MOD” OR “SES”.
DOTHEABOVECONDITIONS
EXIST?
NO REPLACETHEEC-16™CONTROLLER
ANDREPEATTHE“INITIALSTART-UP
PROCEDURE”
GOTOSECTIONV“TESTING
FORPOWERTOTHEEC-16™
CONTROLLER”
YES
USINGTHETWOPOSITIONINGLEDs
(RIGHT/LEFTFRONT/REAR)GOTO
SECTION VIA “TESTINGTHE
MODULATOR”ANDTESTTHE
APPROPRIATEMODULATOR.
YES
USING THETWOPOSITIONINGLEDs
(RIGHT/LEFTFRONT/REAR)GOTO
SECTION VIIA“TESTINGTHEWHEEL
SPEEDSENSOR”ANDTESTTHE
APPROPRIATESPEEDSENSOR.
YES
NO
STARTHERE
NO
IS “MOD”LEDILLUMINATED
THE“SES”LEDISILLUMINATED
NOTERED“ECU”LEDIN
EC-16™CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSTICSWINDOW.
ISTHISLEDILLUMINATED?
NOTETHETHREEILLUMINATEDLEDs
EC-16™CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSTICDISPLAY
1LED
FROMTHISGROUP
1LED
FROMTHISGROUP
1LED
FROMTHISGROUP
EC-16™CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSTICDISPLAY
"ECU"LEDON?