Edwards E-LAB 2 User manual

A652–07–880
Issue D Original
Instruction Manual
E-LAB 2 Pumps
Description Item Number
E-LAB 2 Pump, 110-120/220-240 V, 50/60 Hz, single phase A652-07-903
E-LAB 2 Pump, 100/200 V, 50/60 Hz, single phase A652-07-904
E-LAB 2 Pump, 110-120 V, 50/60 Hz, single phase A652-07-906

Declaration of Conformity
We, Edwards,
Innovation Drive,
Burgess Hill,
West Sussex,
RH15 9TW, UK
declare under our sole responsibility, as manufacturer and person within the EU authorised
to assemble the technical file, that theproduct(s)
E-LAB 2 Rotary Vacuum Pumps:
A652-07-903 A652-07-904 A652-07-906
to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following standard(s) or other
normative document(s)
EN1012-2:1996+A1:2009 Compressors and Vacuum Pumps. Safety Requirements.Vacuum Pumps
EN61010-1:2010 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use. General Requirements
EN60034-1: 2010 Rotating electrical machines. Ratingand performance
C22.2 No77: 1995 Motors with inherent overheating protection
C22.2 No100: 2004 Motors and Generators
C22.2 61010-1-04: 2004 Safety requirements for electrical equipmentfor measurement,
Control and laboratory use – Part 1: Generalrequirements
UL61010A: 2002 Safety requirements for electrical equipmentfor measurement,
Control and laboratory use – Part 1: Generalrequirements
EN50581:2012 Technical Documentation for the Assessment of Electrical and
Electronic Products with respect to the Restriction of Hazardous
Substances
and fulfils all the relevant provisions of
2006/42/EC Machinery Directive
2014/35/EU Low Voltage Directive
2011/65/EU Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
Note: This declaration covers all product serial numbers from the date this Declaration was
signed onwards.
16.05.2016, Burgess Hill
Mr Peter Meares
Senior Technical Support Manager, General VacuumDate and Place
This product has been manufactured under a quality management system certified to ISO 9001:2008
P200-00-680 Issue C

© Edwards Limited 2014. All rights reserved. Page i
Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Contents
A652–07–880 Issue D
Contents
Section Page
1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope and definitions ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Description ................................................................................................................ 2
2 Technical data .................................................................................... 5
2.1 Operating and storage conditions ..................................................................................... 5
2.2 Performance .............................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Mechanical data .......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 General .................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Noise and vibration data ................................................................................................ 7
2.4 Electrical data ............................................................................................................ 7
2.5 Lubrication data ......................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Materials of construction ............................................................................................... 8
3 Installation ......................................................................................... 9
3.1 Safety ......................................................................................................................9
3.2 System design considerations .......................................................................................... 9
3.3 Unpack and inspect .....................................................................................................10
3.4 Locate the pump ........................................................................................................10
3.5 Fill the pump with oil ..................................................................................................11
3.6 Fit the outlet oil mist filter ...........................................................................................11
3.7 Fit the gas ballast oil return assembly ..............................................................................11
3.8 Select the gas ballast flow rate (optional) ..........................................................................14
3.9 Fit the inlet catchpot ..................................................................................................15
3.10 Electrical installation ..................................................................................................15
3.10.1 Check and configure the motor .......................................................................................15
3.10.2 Connect the pump to the electrical supply .........................................................................17
3.10.3 Check the direction of rotation ......................................................................................18
3.11 Inlet and outlet connections ..........................................................................................18
3.12 Leak test the system ...................................................................................................18
4 Operation ........................................................................................ 19
4.1 Start-up procedure .....................................................................................................19
4.2 To achieve ultimate vacuum/pump condensable vapours .......................................................19
4.3 To decontaminate the oil ..............................................................................................20
4.4 Unattended operation ..................................................................................................20
4.5 Shut down ................................................................................................................20
5 Maintenance ..................................................................................... 21
5.1 Safety ..................................................................................................................... 21
5.2 Maintenance plan .......................................................................................................22
5.3 Check the liquid level in the inlet catchpot ........................................................................22
5.4 Check the pump oil level ..............................................................................................23
5.5 Replace the pump oil ..................................................................................................23
5.6 Inspect the oil mist filter elements ..................................................................................24
5.7 Inspect and clean the pump inlet-filter ............................................................................. 26
5.8 Inspect the oil return assembly .......................................................................................27
5.8.1 Check the installation of the assembly ..............................................................................27
5.8.2 Unblock the restrictor (if necessary) ................................................................................27
5.8.3 Unblock the air intake (if necessary) ................................................................................27
mv/07/14

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Contents
5.9 Clean the pump oil level sight glass .................................................................................28
5.10 Clean the motor fan cover ............................................................................................30
5.11 Clean and overhaul the pump .........................................................................................30
5.12 Test the motor condition ..............................................................................................30
5.13 Fit new blades to the pump ...........................................................................................30
5.14 Fault finding ............................................................................................................. 31
5.14.1 The pump has failed to start ..........................................................................................31
5.14.2 The pump has failed to achieve the specified performance (has failed to reach ultimate vacuum) ......31
5.14.3 The pump is noisy ....................................................................................................... 31
5.14.4 The pump surface temperature is above 100 °C ...................................................................32
5.14.5 The vacuum is not fully maintained after the pump is switched off ...........................................32
5.14.6 The pumping speed is poor ............................................................................................32
5.14.7 There is an external oil leak ..........................................................................................32
6 Storage and disposal ........................................................................... 33
6.1 Storage ...................................................................................................................33
6.2 Disposal ................................................................................................................... 33
7 Service and spares .............................................................................. 35
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................35
7.2 Service .................................................................................................................... 35
7.3 Spares available .........................................................................................................35
For return of equipment, complete the HS Forms at the end of this manual.

© Edwards Limited 2014. All rights reserved. Page iii
Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Contents
A652–07–880 Issue D
Illustrations
Figure Page
1 The E-LAB 2 Pump ....................................................................................................... 3
2 Pumping speed curves: speed plotted against inlet pressure ..................................................... 6
3 Dimensions (mm) ........................................................................................................ 7
4 Fit the inlet trap and oil mist filter .................................................................................. 12
5 Fit the gas ballast oil return assembly ..............................................................................13
6 Select the gas ballast flow rate ...................................................................................... 14
7 Motor voltage configuration ...........................................................................................16
8 The outlet oil mist filter ...............................................................................................25
9 Pump inlet filter assembly ............................................................................................26
10 Sight glass assembly ....................................................................................................28
11 Part sectional view of the oil return assembly .....................................................................29
Tables
Table Page
1 Electrical data (pumps with Item Numbers -903 or -906) ......................................................... 8
2 Electrical data (pumps with Item Numbers -904) ................................................................... 8
3 Checklist of components ...............................................................................................10
4 Recommended time switch settings .................................................................................20
5 Maintenance plan .......................................................................................................22
Associated publications
Publication title Publication number
Vacuum pump and vacuum system safety P300–20–000

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A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.

© Edwards Limited 2014. All rights reserved. Page 1
Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Introduction
A652–07–880 Issue D
1Introduction
1.1 Scope and definitions
This manual provides installation, operation and maintenance instructions for the Edwards E-LAB 2 Pump
(abbreviated to E-LAB 2 in the remainder of this manual). The pump must be used as specified in this manual. Read
this manual before installing and operating the pump.
Important safety information is highlighted as WARNING and CAUTION instructions; these instructions must be
obeyed. The use of WARNINGS and CAUTIONS is defined below.
CAUTION
Cautions are given where failure to observe the instruction could result in damage to the equipment, associated
equipment and process.
The units used throughout this manual conform to the SI international system of units of measurement.
The following warning labels are on the pump:
WARNING
Warnings are given where failure to observe the instruction could result in injury or death to
people.
Warning - refer to accompanying documentation.
Warning - risk of electric shock.
Warning - hot surface.

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Introduction
1.2 Description
Refer to Figure 1. The E-LAB 2 is a complete laboratory pumping system, which has a two-stage, rotary-vane vacuum
pump. An oil mist filter (6) is fitted to the outlet of the pump, to prevent the discharge of oil mist. An inlet catchpot
(4) is fitted to the pump inlet to minimise the ingress of condensable vapours into the pump.
The E-LAB 2 has a gas ballast oil return assembly (16) which continuously returns oil trapped in the mist filter to the
pump.
The vacuum pumping mechanism is oil sealed. The level and condition of the oil in the oil box is inspected through
the sight glass (8). Diagrams on the side panels and on the oil change tag (Figure 3, item 4) give guidance on when
to change the oil. Two oil filler plugs (7) and an oil drain plug (9) are provided on the oil box.
The pump mechanism is driven directly by a single-phase electric motor through a flexible motor coupling. The motor
is totally enclosed and is cooled by the motor cooling fan which directs air along the motor fins. The pumps are cooled
by an additional fan attached to the motor coupling.
The motor has an on/off switch (12) and a thermal overload device. When the motor is too hot, the thermal overload
device switches off the pump. The thermal overload device has an automatic reset; when the motor cools down, the
device resets and the motor will restart, unless the system incorporates suitable control equipment that must be
manually reset (see Section 3.10.2).
The E-LAB 2 has a gas ballast oil return assembly, which is supplied configured to automatically deliver high gas
ballast flow rate into the pump; this prevents the condensation of vapours in the pumped gases and allows the use
the E-LAB 2 to pump high-vapour loads. If required, the gas ballast flow rate into the pump can be reduced or
switched off.
When the E-LAB 2 is switched off, an inlet valve seals the inlet and prevents the suck-back of air and oil into the
vacuum system.
The E-LAB 2 has a retractable lifting handle (15) and is mounted on a base plate on rubber feet (11).

© Edwards Limited 2014. All rights reserved. Page 3
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Introduction
A652–07–880 Issue D
Figure 1 - The E-LAB 2 Pump
1. Electrical supply connector
2. Voltage indicator
3. Inlet
4. Inlet catchpot
5. Outlet
6. Outlet oil mist filter
7. Oil filler-plugs
8. Oil level sight glass
9. Oil drain plug
10. Oil change tag
11. Rubber feet (4 off)
12. On/off switch
13. Motor fan cover
14. Correct direction of rotation
15. Lifting handle
16. Gas ballast oil return assembly

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Technical data
A652–07–880 Issue D
2Technicaldata
2.1 Operating and storage conditions
2.2 Performance
Note: The pumping speed curves for the E-LAB 2 are shown in Figure 2
.
Ambient temperature range (operation) 12 to 40 °C
Normal surface temperature of the pump body at ultimate
vacuum (operation), ambient temperature of 20 °C
50 to 70 °C
Maximum humidity (operation) 90% RH
Ambient temperature range (storage) -30 to 70 °C
Maximum altitude (operation) 2000 m
Pollution degree 2
Installation category II
Suckback protection 1 x 10-5 mbar.ls-1, 1 x 10-3 Pa.ls-1
Maximum displacement
50 Hz electrical supply 3.7 m3h-1
60 Hz electrical supply 4.5 m3h-1
Maximum pumping speed, Pneurop 6602 (1979)
50 Hz electrical supply 3.3 m3h-1
60 Hz electrical supply 3.9 m3h-1
Maximum permitted inlet pressure and gas ballast inlet pressure 1 bar gauge, 2 x 105Pa
Maximum permitted outlet pressure 1 bar gauge, 2 x 105Pa
Ultimate total pressure 1 x 10-1 mbar, 10 Pa
Maximum gas ballast flow 14 l.min-1
Maximum water vapour pumping rate
50 Hz electrical supply 0.095 kg.h-1
60 Hz electrical supply 0.11 kg.h-1
Maximum water vapour inlet pressure 40 mbar, 4 x 103Pa

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Technical data
Figure 2 - Pumping speed curves: speed plotted against inlet pressure
2.3 Mechanical data
2.3.1 General
Overall dimensions See Figure 3
Degree of protection (IEC 34-5: 1981) IP44
Maximum tilt angle 10°
Pump motor rotational speed
50 Hz electrical supply 1470 r.min-1
60 Hz electrical supply 1760 r.min-1
Maximum mass of pump * 25.0 kg
* Without pump oil, inlet catchpot, outlet mist filter, and gas ballast oil return kit.
1. 60 Hz
2. 50 Hz

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Technical data
A652–07–880 Issue D
Figure 3 - Dimensions (mm)
2.3.2 Noise and vibration data
2.4 Electrical data
Note: Edwards recommends using fuses of the maximum ratings specified in Tables 1 and 2. Do not use fuses of a
higher rating.
The dual-voltage, dual-frequency motor is designed for a single-phase electrical supply and is suitable for 50 Hz or
60 Hz operation. The motor can be manually switched between nominal supply voltages of 110-120 V and 220-240 V
(refer to Section 3.10.1).
When starting a cold pump, the motor will draw a start-up current for up to several seconds, therefore use a
slow-blow fuse to prevent unnecessary fuse failure during pump start-up. Within five minutes, as the oil in the pump
warms up, the current drawn will slowly reduce to the full load current specified in Tables 1and 2.
Sound pressure: measured at ultimate vacuum 1 metre from the
end of the pump to ISO 11201, 50 Hz electrical supply
50 dB(A)
Vibration severity: measured at the inlet port to ISO 2372 (1974) Class 1C
1. Outlet
2. Inlet
3. Baseplate mounting holes: 4 x M8
4. Oil change tag

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Technical data
2.5 Lubrication data
Note: Edwards Safety Data sheets for rotary pump oils are available on request.
2.6 Materials of construction
The surfaces of the pump that are exposed to the process vapours pumped are free from copper, zinc and cadmium.
Other materials of construction include cast iron, aluminium, fluoroelastomer, nitrile, chemically resistant polymers,
nickel and stainless steel.
Table 1 - Electrical data (pumps with Item Numbers -903 or -906)
Nominal supply
(V) Frequency (Hz) Power (W) Full load current (A) Maximum fuse rating (A)
220-240 50 450 3.4 5
230-240 60 550 3.0 5
110 50 450 6.8 13
115-120 60 550 6.9 13
Table 2 - Electrical data (pumps with Item Numbers -904)
Nominal supply
(V) Frequency (Hz) Power (W) Full load current (A) Maximum fuse rating (A)
200 50 450 4.2 5
200-210 60 550 4.1 5
100 50 450 8.3 13
100-105 60 550 8.0 13
Recommended oil* Edwards Ultragrade 19 (hydrocarbon oil)
Oil capacity
Maximum 0.70 l
Minimum 0.42 l
* To operate the E-LAB 2 when the ambient temperature is outside the limits specified in Section 2.1, a different
oil may be required.

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Installation
A652–07–880 Issue D
3 Installation
3.1 Safety
Ensure that the pump is suitable for the application. If there is any doubt, refer to the Edwards guidelines in
the Vacuum Pump and Vacuum Systems Safety manual. (See Associated publications at the end of the
Content list.)
A suitably trained and supervised technician must install the pump.
Wear the appropriate safety clothing when coming into contact with contaminated components.
Vent and purge the vacuum system before starting installation work.
Ensure that the installation technician is familiar with the safety procedures which relate to the pump oil
and the products handled by the E-LAB 2. Take suitable precautions to avoid the inhalation of oil mist and
excessive skin contact with pump oil, as prolonged exposure can be harmful.
Disconnect other components in the pumping system from the electrical supply so that they cannot be
operated accidentally.
Ensure that the inlet catchpot, outlet oil mist filter and the gas ballast oil return kit are correctly fitted as
described in the following sections.
Safely route any cables and pipes to prevent a trip hazard.
3.2 System design considerations
Consider the following points when designing the pumping system:
Use a suitable valve to isolate the pump from the vacuum system to allow the pump to warm up before
pumping condensable vapours or to maintain vacuum when the pump is switched off.
Avoid high levels of heat input to the pump from the process gases, otherwise the pump may overheat and
seize.
If the pump is used in a high ambient temperature environment and has a high gas throughput, the
temperature of the pump body may exceed 70 ºC. Fit suitable guards to prevent contact with hot surfaces.
Make sure that the exhaust pipeline cannot become blocked. If the system has an exhaust isolation valve,
make sure that the pump cannot operate with the valve closed.
WARNING
The E-LAB 2 is not recommended for pumping hazardous substances.
WARNING
Obey the safety instructions in this Section and take note of appropriate precautions. Failure to
observe these instructions may result in injury to people and damage to equipment.
WARNING
Do not expose any part of the human body to vacuum as it can cause injury.

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Installation
3.3 Unpack and inspect
Remove all packing materials and protective covers and inspect the equipment. If any of the equipment is damaged,
notify the supplier and the carrier in writing within three days. State the Item Number of the equipment together
with the order number and the supplier’s invoice number. Retain all the packing materials for inspection. Do not use
the equipment if it is damaged.
Check that the items listed in Table 3 have been received. If any item is missing, notify the supplier in writing within
three days.
If the E-LAB 2 is not to be used immediately, replace the protective covers. Store the E-LAB 2 in suitable conditions,
as described in Section 6.1.
3.4 Locate the pump
The E-LAB 2 has a lifting handle that can be used to move the pump by hand. If using mechanical lifting equipment,
do not attach the equipment to the handle; for stability, use slings around the motor and the pump body.
Provide a firm, level platform for the E-LAB 2. Locate the E-LAB 2 so that the oil level sight glass (Figure 1, item 8)
and the oil change tag (10) are visible, and so that the oil filler plug (7) and oil drain plug are (9) accessible.
If the E-LAB 2 will be located inside an enclosure, make sure that there is adequate ventilation at both ends of the
pump, so that the ambient temperature around the pump does not exceed 40 °C. There must be a minimum space
of 25 mm between the pump and the enclosure walls.
Table 3 - Checklist of components
Qty Description Check ()
1 E-LAB 2 Pump (with oil change tag fitted) 
1Oilmistfilter 
1Inletcatchpot 
6 Clamping rings 
4Co-Seals 
1 Centring ring and O-ring 
2Elbows 
2 Hose adaptors 
1 Electrical supply cable * 
Gas ballast oil return kit, which contains:
1 Oil return assembly 
1 Drain adaptor 
1Restrictor 
1 Flexible oil-return tube 
2Hoseclips 
* Not supplied with pumps with Item Number A652-07-903; see Section 3.10.2.

© Edwards Limited 2014. All rights reserved. Page 11
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Installation
A652–07–880 Issue D
3.5 Fill the pump with oil
Fill the pump with oil as described below. Refer to Section 2 for the recommended oil.
1. Remove one of the oil filler-plugs (Figure 1, item 7).
2. Pour oil into the pump until the oil level just reaches the MAX mark on the bezel at the top of the sight glass (8).
If the oil level goes above the MAX mark, remove the drain plug (9) and drain the excess oil from the pump.
3. After a few minutes, recheck the oil level. If the oil level is now below the MAX mark, pour more oil into the
pump.
4. Refit the oil filler-plug. Tighten the plug firmly by hand. Do not overtighten.
3.6 Fit the outlet oil mist filter
1. Ensure that the pump outlet (Figure 4, item 17) is clean, then place one of the Co-Seals (15) on the outlet.
2. Place the oil mist filter inlet (14) on the pump outlet so that the flow arrow on the lower half of the filter body
(see Figure 8) points upwards away from the pump outlet and the drain plug points towards the oil filler plugs
(as shown in Figure 5).
3. Use one of the clamping rings (Figure 4, item 16) to secure the oil mist filter to the pump.
4. Use another Co-Seal (3) and clamping ring (2) to secure one of the elbows (4) to the mist filter outlet (12);
ensure that the horizontal part of the elbow points towards the front of the pump (as shown in Figure 3).
5. Use another Co-Seal (5) and clamping ring (6) to secure the other elbow (8) to the elbow already fitted; ensure
that the free end of the elbow points vertically downwards (as shown on Figure 4).
6. Use another Co-Seal (9) and clamping ring (10) to secure one of the hose adaptors (11) to the elbow.
3.7 Fit the gas ballast oil return assembly
1. Remove the drain plug (Figure 8, item 4) from the drain port on the oil mist filter.
2. Fit the drain adaptor (Figure 5, item 8) to the drain port on the oil mist filter.
3. Turn the gas ballast control on the pump (Figure 4, item 18) to position ‘II’. Push the control down (against the
spring), turn the control anticlockwise to release it, then remove the control from the pump. Leave the spring in
position in the gas ballast port in the pump.
4. Lift the pump handle (Figure 1, item 15). Fit the oil return assembly (Figure 5, item 5) to the gas ballast port on
the pump, push the assembly down (against the spring) and turn the assembly clockwise to secure it to the
pump. When the assembly is correctly secured to the pump, the nozzle (4) should be over position ‘0’ marked on
the top of the pump (see detail B).
5. Cut a suitable length from the flexible oil-return tube. The routing of the tube (3) must be approximately as
shown in Figure 5. When fitted, the tube must not be taut and there must be no tight bends in the tube. Ensure
that the ends of the oil-return tube are free of burrs and that they are squarely cut (that is, the cut faces are at
a right angle to the length of the tube).
6. Fit the restrictor (7) into the end of the tube, then fit the same end of the tube to the drain adaptor on the oil
mist filter.
7. Fit the other end of the tube to the nozzle (4) on the oil return assembly (5).
8. Use the hose clips (2) to secure the ends of the flexible oil-return tube (3).

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Installation
Figure 4 - Fit the inlet trap and oil mist filter
1. Hose adaptor
2. Clamping ring
3. Co-Seal
4. Elbow
5. Co-Seal
6. Clamping ring
7. Co-Seal
8. Elbow
9. Co-Seal
10. Clamping ring
11. Hose adaptor
12. Oil mist filter outlet
13. Outlet oil mist filter
14. Oil mist filter inlet
15. Co-Seal
16. Clamping ring
17. Pump outlet
18. Gas ballast control
19. Pump inlet
20. Clamping ring
21. O-ring, centring ring and filter
22. Inlet catchpot outlet
23. Inlet catchpot drain plug
24. Inlet catchpot
25. Inlet catchpot inlet
26. Clamping ring
27. O-ring and centring ring

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Installation
A652–07–880 Issue D
Figure 5 - Fit the gas ballast oil return assembly
A. Side view (pump inlet and inlet
catchpot omitted for clarity)
B. Top view
1. Oil mist filter
2. Hose clip
3. Flexible oil-return tube
4. Nozzle
5. Oil return assembly
6. E-LAB 2 pump
7. Restrictor
8. Drain adaptor

A652–07–880 Issue D
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Edwards and the Edwards logo are trade marks of Edwards Limited.
Installation
3.8 Select the gas ballast flow rate (optional)
Note: Use the procedure below to change the gas ballast flow rate after the E-LAB 2 has been used. The pump
must be switched off, allowed to cool and isolated from the electrical supply before doing the following
procedure.
The oil return assembly is supplied configured for high gas ballast flow rate. If required, adjust the gas ballast flow
rate using the following procedure.
1. Undo and remove the three screws (Figure 6, item 1) which secure the restrictor plate (5); do not dismantle the
assembly.
2. The restrictor plate (5) has circular indentations (2 and 3); the position of these indentations with respect to the
indentation (4) on the oil return assembly identifies the gas ballast flow setting. Turn the restrictor plate to the
required position:
To select no gas ballast flow, turn the restrictor plate so that none of the indentations (2 and 3) are aligned
with the indentation (4) on the oil return assembly.
To select low gas ballast flow, turn the restrictor plate so that the single indentation (2) is aligned with the
indentation (4) on the oil return assembly.
To select high gas ballast flow, turn the restrictor plate so that the two indentations (3) are aligned with the
indentation (4) on the oil return assembly.
3. Refit and tighten the three screws (1).
Figure 6 - Select the gas ballast flow rate
1. Screws (3 off)
2. Indentation (low gas ballast flow position)
3. Indentations (high gas ballast flow position)
4. Indentation
5. Restrictor plate