EXFO Burleigh Wavemeter WA-1100 User manual

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Operating Manual
WA-1100 and WA-1600 Wavemeter


08115-M-00 (Rev. E)
Copyright © EXFO Burleigh Products Group Inc. 2002
All Rights Reserved
Wavemeter is a registered trademark of Burleigh Instruments, Inc., an EXFO company.
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................i
Assumptions.......................................................................................................................................ii
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1-1
Overview.............................................................................................................................................1-1
Safety Considerations.........................................................................................................................1-2
Unpacking & Inspection......................................................................................................................1-2
Setup ..................................................................................................................................................1-3
Fiber End Cleaning.............................................................................................................................1-3
Cleaning a Fiber Optic ConnectorError! Bookmark not defined.Error! Bookmark not
defined.Error! Bookmark not defined. ...................................................................................1-4
Cleaning a Universal Connector............................................................................................1-4
Fan Filter Cleaning .............................................................................................................................1-5
2. Front Panel Communications..........................................................................................................2-1
Front Panel Controls...........................................................................................................................2-1
Using the Front Panel Controls ..........................................................................................................2-2
Change Screens....................................................................................................................2-2
Change Parameter Values....................................................................................................2-2
Save Parameter Values.........................................................................................................2-2
Restore Saved Parameter Values.........................................................................................2-3
Display Screens..................................................................................................................................2-3
Setup Screens....................................................................................................................................2-5
3. Remote Communications................................................................................................................3-1
Overview.............................................................................................................................................3-1
GPIB System Controller Settings........................................................................................................3-1
SCPI Communications Scheme.........................................................................................................3-2
SCPI Command Detail .......................................................................................................................3-6
Common Commands ............................................................................................................3-6
Measurement Instructions.....................................................................................................3-9
CALCulate Subsystem ..........................................................................................................3-11
DISPlay Subsystem...............................................................................................................3-14
SENSe Subsystem................................................................................................................3-16
STATus Subsystem...............................................................................................................3-19
SYSTem Subsystem .............................................................................................................3-21
TRIGger Subsystem..............................................................................................................3-22
UNIT Subsystem ...................................................................................................................3-23
4. Theory of Operation & Calibration..................................................................................................4-1
Operating Principles ...........................................................................................................................4-1
Accuracy.............................................................................................................................................4-2
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Accuracy Verification.......................................................................................................................... 4-6
Calibration.......................................................................................................................................... 4-6
Appendix A. Specifications & Labeling............................................................................................... A-1
Dimensional Drawing......................................................................................................................... A-2
Rack Mounting Option........................................................................................................................ A-2
Appendix B. Warranty & Service.......................................................................................................... B-1
Warranty............................................................................................................................................. B-1
Service ............................................................................................................................................... B-1
Appendix C. Error & Status Messages................................................................................................ C-1
Error Messages.................................................................................................................................. C-2
Status Messages................................................................................................................................ C-3
Appendix D. Rear Panel Controls ........................................................................................................ D-1
GPIB Port........................................................................................................................................... D-1
RS-232 Serial Interface Connector.................................................................................................... D-2
Signal Monitor Connector................................................................................................................... D-3
Declaration of Conformity
Assumptions
This Operating Manual provides information for individuals who use the WA-1100 and
WA-1600.
Unless specifically stated, the information in this manual applies to both the WA-1100
and WA-1600.
This manual assumes familiarity with communication software and hardware interfaces
with an IBM, or compatible, personal computer.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
08115-M-00 Rev E 1-1
1. Introduction
This section provides general information on the WA-1100/1600 and information on
unpacking and setting up the instrument.
Overview
WA-1100 and WA-1600 Wavemeter systems are instruments designed for simple,
automatic and accurate wavelength measurement of continuous wave (CW) laser
sources. Wavemeter systems count interference fringes produced by the input laser
radiation in a scanning Michelson interferometer and simultaneously count fringes from
a built-in reference laser. The ratio of the fringe counts of the input laser and the
reference laser provides the wavelength of the input laser.
The accuracy of the measured wavelength is dependent on the knowledge of the
reference laser wavelength. The WA-1100 uses a multi-mode HeNe reference laser with
an absolute wavelength accurate to within ±500 MHz or ±1 part per million. The WA-
1600 uses a stabilized single frequency HeNe laser that is calibrated to an accuracy better
than ±50 MHz relative to the Ne20 atomic line center. This corresponds to a reference
accuracy of ± 0.1 parts per million. Refer to Appendix A for complete specifications.
The WA-1100 and WA-1600 contain a rigid monolithic interferometer made from a
single piece of aluminum and housed in a compact and rugged package. This design
permits these instruments to be less susceptible to misalignment, more robust, faster and
less expensive than the previous generation of WA-1100/1600 and competitive
instruments.
Both the WA-1100 and WA-1600 products have microprocessor based electronics that
allow accurate counting and analysis of interference fringes. The microprocessor
computation automatically corrects for the refractive index of air, using data from built-
in temperature and pressure sensors and converts the resulting measurement to units of
nm, cm-1 or GHz. The microprocessor also makes it possible for the instrument to
calculate and display the deviation between the measured wavelength and starting point,
or compute the average of up to 128 measurements. Refer to Section 4 for additional
information on the theory of operation.
Introduce laser light into the instrument by attaching your fiber optic cable to the fiber
optic connector on the front of the Instrument. The standard connector is FC/PC. An
FC/APC connector is available as an option at the time of order.
The ifront panel has controls to review data and review and change parameter values.
Refer to Section 2 for information on the controls and display and setup screens.
The instrument has a built-in bi-directional RS-232 interface and a GPIB interface for
transmitting data and remotely controlling the instrument. Refer to Section 3 for
information on these interfaces and the SCPI communication scheme.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
1-2 08115-M-00 Rev E
The Monitor port on the back of the instrument provides access to the interferometer
fringe signals and timing signals that govern the wavelength measurement. Refer to
Appendix D for further information.
Safety Considerations
This product has been designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with EC
Standard EN61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and has
been supplied in a safe condition. Make sure that you follow the recommendations in this
section to ensure safe operation of your instrument and to maintain the product in a safe
condition.
Laser Classification: This product is classified FDA Laser Class I (IEC Laser Class 1)
laser.
WARNING THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE USED AS SPECIFIED OR THE
PROTECTION PROVIDED BY THE EQUIPMENT MAY BE
COMPROMISED. YOU MUST USE THIS PRODUCT IN A NORMAL
MODE AND SHOULD NOT DEVIATE FROM THE WRITTEN
INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED.
WARNING THERE ARE NO OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL. TO PREVENT
ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT OPEN OR REMOVE COVERS.
WARNING TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, TURN OFF THE POWER TO
THE INSTRUMENT BEFORE CLEANING. USE A DRY OR
SLIGHTLY DAMPENED (WITH WATER) CLOTH TO CLEAN THE
EXTERNAL PARTS. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLEAN ANYTHING
INSIDE THE MACHINE.
WARNING THIS IS A SAFETY CLASS 1 PRODUCT . PLUG THE MAIN
POWER CORD INTO A SOCKET OUTLET PROVIDED WITH A
PROTECTIVE EARTH CONTACT. ALWAYS USE A THREE-
PRONG AC POWER CORD WITH THIS EQUIPMENT. FAILURE
TO ENSURE ADEQUATE GROUNDING MAY CAUSE
INSTRUMENT DAMAGE.
Unpacking & Inspection
The WA-1100 and WA-1600 are packed in a carton designed to give maximum
protection during shipment. If the outside of the shipping carton is damaged, notify your
shipping department immediately. Your shipping department may want to notify the
carrier.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
08115-M-00 Rev E 1-3
If the external shipping carton is not damaged, carefully remove and identify all of the
components listed below. Contact EXFO or your local representative if any of the
components are missing. We recommend you save the shipping carton for future storage
or transportation.
WA-1100 and WA-1600 systems include the following components:
§Wavemeter unit
§Power cord
§Operating manual
Setup
Setting up the WA-1100/1600 is a very simple operation as described in the procedure
below.
1. Place the instrument on a firm horizontal surface.
2. Attach the AC line cord. The instrument uses a universal power supply that works
with any line voltage 90-260 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
3. Turn on the Power Switch. The system’s self-test takes approximately 30 seconds.
For WA-1600 models, the display indicates Laser Warm-up and the elapsed time, in
minutes, since the instrument was turned on. This message is displayed until the
reference laser inside the WA-1600 is stabilized. Typical laser warm-up time is
approximately 6 minutes (WA-1600 only).
4. Ensure all fiber optic connectors are clean and dry (see below). Then connect your
fiber optic cable to the fiber optic connector on the instrument front panel. Make
sure the fiber end does not rub against any surface and do not overtighten.
CAUTION Use care in handling fiber optic connectors. Always clean the fiber end
prior to insertion into the connector for optimum performance and to avoid
power measurement errors.
Fiber End Cleaning
To make good optical measurements, it is extremely important to clean the fiber optic
connector before each connection. Dirt on the connector can degrade the reliability of the
measurement and cause permanent damage to the connector resulting in an expensive
repair.
Modern fiber optic connectors rely on a glass-to-glass contact to reduce Fresnel
reflections at the connector interface. A dirty or damaged connector on the cable can
damage the input connector on the front panel. Always use a good quality cable
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
1-4 08115-M-00 Rev E
connector. If there is any question of the surface quality on the tip of the cable connector,
inspect it under a microscope for scratches or debris. Your instrument may use a Fiber
Optic Connector or a Universal Connector. Follow the appropriate procedure below.
Some general recommendations:
§Never use a metal or other hard object for cleaning that would scrape the connector.
§Do not apply index matching gel or oils.
§Always keep connectors covered for protection when not in use.
Cleaning a Fiber Optic ConnectorError! Bookmark not defined.Error! Bookmark not
defined.Error! Bookmark not defined.
To clean the end of the connector on the fiber optic cable,
1. Gently wipe the tip with a lint-free swab or lens paper dipped in isopropyl alcohol.
2. Dry it by wiping gently with a clean dry lint-free lens paper.
3. As soon as the connector is dry, insert it in the panel or cover it for later use.
Cleaning a Universal Connector
NOTE Refer to the illustration below.
To clean the end of the Universal Connector,
1. Unscrew the fiber from the Instrument and put a protective cap on it.
2. Close the Universal protective fiber cap.
3. Gently push in the universal connector and rotate it counter-clockwise ¼ turn.
4. Pull out the fiber optic adapter.
5. Gently wipe the tip with a lint-free swab or lens paper dipped in isopropyl alcohol.
6. Dry it by wiping gently with a clean dry lint-free lens paper.
7. As soon as the connector is dry, insert it in the WA-1100 or WA-1600 front panel or
cover it for later use.
NOTE The fiber optic adapter is keyed. Insert the adapter in the same position that you
removed it.
8. Rotate the universal connector ¼ turn to lock it in.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
08115-M-00 Rev E 1-5
Fan Filter Cleaning
The fan on the rear panel of the WA-1100/1600 provides important ventilation to
components inside the chassis. A filter covers the fan opening to keep out dust. This
filter should be cleaned periodically, especially if it becomes noticeably dirty.
To clean the dust filter,
1. Pry off the plastic grill covering the filter with a small screwdriver.
2. Use a small brush, plus soap and water if necessary to clean the filter.
3. When the filter is dry, reposition it and snap the grill back in place.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 1 Introduction
1-6 08115-M-00 Rev E
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
08115-M-00 Rev E 2-1
2. Front Panel Communications
This section provides information on the front panel controls, describes the display and
setup screens and provides instructions on changing screen displays and parameter
values.
Front Panel Controls
The front panel is shown in Figure 2.1. The controls are described in Table 2-1.
The display consists of an 8½ digit numerical readout and buttons for selecting
parameters that affect how the data is collected and how the information is displayed.
There are several different screens, each with different information as shown and
described later in this section.
Figure 2-1. Front Panel
Table 2-1. Front Panel Controls
Control Description
power Switch turns the Instrument on and off.
LED Indicator shows the power status. When lit, the unit is turned on, when not lit, the unit is
off.
display Button cycles through the display screens: Main, Wavelength and Power. Display screens
contain parameters you can review and select as well as calculated or measured data for
review only. Refer to 'Display Information' later in this section for additional information.
setup Button cycles through the setup screens: Measurement, Communications, System, Status
and Diagnostics. Setup screens contain a list of parameters for review and change. Refer
to 'Setup Information' later in this section for additional information.
select Button "highlights" or selects parameters on the displayed screen.
↑and ↓Buttons change the value of the selected parameter.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
2-2 08115-M-00 Rev E
Using the Front Panel Controls
Use the four display area controls to review information and make changes to the
available parameters. The headings below provide information on how to perform
various procedures using these front panel controls.
Change Screens
To change which display screen is shown, press display. The Instrument cycles between
the display screens.
To change which setup screen is shown, press setup. The instrument cycles between the
setup screens.
Change Parameter Values
Each display and setup screen contains parameters whose values you can change.
(Display screens also contain calculated or measured data.) Some parameters are located
below the line on the bottom of the display screens and other parameters are located
above the line, such as the wavelength and power units. Refer to Figures 2-2 through 2-4
for graphic illustrations of the parameters on each display screen.
To change a parameter value or status, press select to "highlight" the parameter field,
then press ↑or ↓. The parameter's value or status changes.
NOTE If the message "Remote Lockout" is displayed on the screen when you attempt
to change a parameter value, remote communications is enabled (On). When
enabled, you can use the front panel controls to review all parameter values, but
you cannot change any parameters except the status of the remote feature to
off.
Save Parameter Values
You may want to save parameter values that are appropriate for your application, so that
each time you power up the instrument, this information is automatically selected. Or, if
you have several instruments, you may want to set them all up the same way.
The only parameter for which you cannot save the current value is the gain. On power
up, the gain is set to the default status of "Auto".
To save parameter values, display the Configuration screen, press select to "highlight"
the Save All field, then press either ↑or ↓. The current parameter values are saved.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
08115-M-00 Rev E 2-3
Restore Saved Parameter Values
You may want to restore saved parameter values, for example, if you changed the value
for a parameter, or several parameters, to observe their effect, but then decide you want
to use the initial values.
To restore saved values, display the Setup Measurements screen, press select to
"highlight" the Restore All field. The saved values are restored.
Display Screens
The display screens provide measurement information as summarized below. Figures 2-2
through 2-5 show each display screen and Table 2-2 describes each item on these
screens.
Main. Initially displays a start-up screen for approximately 30 seconds after you first
power on the unit. After a self-test and reference laser warm-up (WA-1600 only), the
screen is replaced with summary information on the current wavelength and power and
pertinent parameter values. For WA-1600s only, if the warm-up time is greater than 59
minutes, an exception occurs, which causes the wavelength to not be displayed, yet all
system functions are active. Typical warm-up time at room temperature (20°C) is less
than seven minutes
Wavelength. Displays wavelength information and two methods of calculating delta (∆)
for a comparative analysis. This screen shows the following numeric values: Current
wavelength, Start, ∆(Current – Start), Maximum, Minimum, ∆(Maximum – Minimum)
as well as the elapsed time and pertinent parameter values.
Power. Displays power information and two methods of calculating delta (∆) for a
comparative analysis. This screen shows the following numeric values: Current power,
Start, ∆(Current – Start), Maximum, Minimum, ∆(Maximum – Minimum) as well as the
elapsed time and pertinent parameter values.
Figure 2-2. Main Screen
1552.5218 nm -21.54 dBm
Error Message
Vac Avg: 8 Gain: Auto Poffs: Off 00:03:12
Wavelength Power
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
2-4 08115-M-00 Rev E
Figure 2-3. Wavelength Screen
1552.5218 nm Start:1552.5212 ∆: 0.0006
Max: 1552.5200 Min: 1552.5235 ∆
∆∆
∆: 0.0035
Error Message
Vac Avg: 8 Gain: Auto Reset 00:03:12
Figure 2-4. Power Screen
-11.54 dBm Start:-11.52 ∆: -0.02
Max: -11.60 Min: -11.50 ∆
∆∆
∆: -0.01
Error Message
Vac Avg: 8 Gain: Auto Reset 00:03:12
Table 2-2. Display Screen Information
Parameter Description
Avg Displays the number of previous measurements used to calculate the running average.
Calculation of the average wavelength and power uses the same average value. On the Main
and Wavelength screens, you can toggle the average between Off and the numeric value set
using the Measurement setup screen.
Off. Indicates averaging is not used.
Numeric value (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128). Change the numeric value on the Measurement
setup screen.
Gain Displays the gain option used when measuring the wavelength and power. Change the gain
status on the Main display and Measurement setup screens.
Auto. Permits the system to adjust the gain automatically.
Fixed. Uses a fixed value, which is the current gain value at the time you pressed ↑or ↓on
the front panel to change the gain from "Auto" to "Fixed".
Medium Identifies the medium in which the measurement occurs as standard air (20°C, 760 mm Hg
and 0% relative humidity) or vacuum. You can change the medium to vacuum on the Main
and Wavelength screens.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
08115-M-00 Rev E 2-5
Poffs Displays the power offset value applied to subsequent power measurements. The power
offset values enable you to obtain accurate power readings when you place an attenuator
external to the instrument. If you enter a power offset value equal to the external attenuator,
the instrument automatically displays the correct power. This is useful if the signal input
power exceeds the maximum allowed input of 10 mW (10 dBm).
Off indicates a power offset is not used.
Numeric value (1, 2, …, 20 in dB units). You cannot change the type of units. Change the
numeric value on the Measurement setup screen.
Power The current laser power displayed in the selected units. You can change the type of units on
the Main or Power display screen. The options are dBm, mW or µW.
Reset Restarts calculations of Current – Start and Max - Min. When actuated, it zeros elapsed
time, then displays the start and current values.
Error
Message Indicates an error message, if any. Refer to Appendix C for messages and corrective action.
Vacuum You can change the medium to standard air on the Main and Wavelength screens.
Wavelength The current wavelength displayed in the selected units. You can change the units on the
Main or Wavelength display screen. The units are nm, cm-1 and GHz.
If an error has occurred, this area displays a status message.
Refer to Appendix C for messages and corrective action.
Presence indicates that an exception has occurred. Check the status screen or read the status
byte (see *STB Command on page 3-7). Refer to Appendix C for messages and corrective
action.
Setup Screens
The setup screens provide information that affects the display of measured values and
calculation of values. Each screen is summarized below and described in more detail in
the tables that follow.
Configuration. Contains parameters that affect how the instrument makes specific
calculations and how it determines the information on the instrument display, for
example, save and recall the parameter selections, change the brightness of the
instrument display, and reset the null value for power measurement. Refer to Table 2-3
for details.
Communications. Use to change remote communication parameters. Refer to Table 2-4
for details.
Information. Displays the instrument's serial number and software version information,
reference laser information, pressure, and internal temperature for review. The WA-1600
reference laser information includes the peak power, percent of peak power and the
minutes to warm up, and the WA-1100 displays just the peak power.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
2-6 08115-M-00 Rev E
Status Displays the status codes that indicate the latest exceptions that have occurred.
See Appendix C for descriptions and corrective action.
Table 2-3. Configuration Information
Parameter Description/Options
Resolution Identifies the wavelength resolution value.
Auto. Permits the instrument to set the resolution based on the calculated bandwidth of the
laser. See the description of auto-resolution on page 4-6.
.001, .01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0. Selectable wavelength resolution values. Displayed values are
rounded off to the selected number of decimal places. The .0001 resolution is not available
for the WA-1100.
Average Identifies the number of previous wavelength and power values to use to calculate the
running average. The display is updated with each new measurement.
Off. Indicates values are not averaged.
2, 4, 8, …, 128 (powers of 2). Selections for average values.
Power Offset Displays the power offset (Poffs) value applied to subsequent power measurements. The
power offset values enable you to obtain accurate power readings when you place an
attenuator external to the instrument. If you enter a power offset value equal to the amount
of external attenuation, the instrument automatically displays the correct power. This is
useful if the signal input power exceeds the maximum allowed input of 10 mW (10 dBm).
Change the offset value on the Main and Measurement setup screens.
Off indicates a power offset is not used.
1, 2, …20 in dBm units. You cannot change the units for the offset.
Gain Displays the gain option used when measuring the wavelength. You can change the gain
option on any display screen. This setting is not saved by the Save All command and
defaults to Auto-On at power up.
Auto. Permits the system to adjust the gain of the fringe amplifier automatically.
Fixed. Uses a fixed gain of the fringe amplifier, which is the current gain value at the time
you pressed ↑or ↓on the front panel to change the gain from Auto to Fixed. Once fixed,
the working range is approximately –3 dBm to + 6dBm.
Power Null Resets the null value used in the power calculation. Use only when no light is entering the
instrument and the fiber connector cap is on.
Brightness Changes the brightness of the display.
High. Maximum intensity.
Low. 62.5% of the maximum intensity.
Save All Allows you to save the current parameter values.
Restore All Allows you to restore the saved parameter values.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
08115-M-00 Rev E 2-7
Table 2-4. Communications Information
Parameter Description/Options
Remote
(Lockout)
When enabled (On) you can use the front panel controls to review parameter values, but
can only change (disable) the "Remote" parameter. Attempting to change other parameters
when this feature is enabled will display the message "Remote Lockout".
Off. Permits changing all front panel controls.
RS-232 Enables (On) and disables (Off) communications via the RS-232 port.
Baud Identifies the baud rate for the RS-232 communications. The selections are: 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600 and 19200 baud.
Handshaking Identifies the type of handshaking used for the RS-232 communications. The selections are
Hardware, Xon/Xoff (software) or None.
GPIB Enables (On) and disables (Off) communications via the GPIB port.
Address Identifies the address used for GPIB output. The selections are 0, 1, 2, …, 31.
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 2 Front Panel Communications
2-8 08115-M-00 Rev E
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WA-1100/WA-1600 Wavemeter Operating Manual 3 Remote Communications
08115-M-00 Rev E 3-1
3. Remote Communications
This section discusses the use of remote communications to review and control the
instrument.
Overview
You can control the instrument remotely using either an RS-232 or a GPIB interface
using the SCPI communications scheme. Connections for both interfaces are provided on
the back of the instrument as shown later in this section.
You must use the instrument front panel controls to enable remote communications for
the specific type of interface. Refer to Table 2-4 in Section 2 of this manual for
information.
GPIB System Controller Settings
This section describes how to set up your GPIB system controller for proper message
termination and bus timing to communicate with the WA-1100 or WA-1600. Other
settings may also work, but these are the settings that we’ve found to work the best.
Set EOI at End of Write = Yes
This causes the system controller to assert the EOI signal during the last byte of a
message written to the instrument.
Set EOI With EOS on Write = No
The system controller should not assert the EOI signal when it writes an EOS character.
The system controller should instead assert the EOI signal when sending the last byte of
the message (which will be an EOS character anyway).
EOS Byte = 10
The instrument uses a linefeed character (10, 0x0a, or \n) to identify the end of a
message.
8-Bit EOS Compare = Yes
This causes the system controller to examine all eight bits of a received character to
determine if it is an EOS character.
Terminate Read on EOS = Yes
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