Furuno WR110 User manual

INSTALLATION
MANUAL
WEATHER RADAR
MODEL: WR110
www.furuno.com

i
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
The operator and installer must read the appropriate safety instructions before attempting to install or
operate the equipment.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in
death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
can result in minor or moderate injury.
Warning, Caution Prohibitive Action Mandatory Action
DANGER
Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard
The radar antenna emits the electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful,
particularly to your eyes. Do not look at the Antenna Unit from a close distance while the radar is in
operation, or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance.
The distances at which RF radiation levels of 10 W/m2exist are shown in the table below.
DO NOT approach closer than 7.6m (Safety standard is 10 W/m2) when radar is transmitting.
Note:
This value is applied when radar is installed in a public space. Value is defined as on human
body surface over a 6-minute period with the flux density averaged from the measurement.
Moreover, this measured value is measured by pointing the center of the antenna towards a
human. However this is the worst value, definition required by actual regulation is written here
as on safe side.
Distance from Antenna
7.6m
Power flux density
10 W/m 2
WARNING
Do not open the radome.
Electrical shock can occur. Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.
Turn off the breaker in the JCU if opening the radome is required.
Wear a hard hat and safety belt when mounting the Antenna
Unit.
Serious injury or death can result from falls or dropped items while installing or servicing the
radar components.
Do not use any other power except 100 to 240 VAC.
Connection of an incorrect power supply can cause fire or damage the equipment.
Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the
equipment or smoke or fire is coming from the equipment.
Failure to turn off the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.
Do not operate the equipment with wet hands.
Electrical shock can occur.
CAUTION
!
WARNING
DANGER

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RADIATION WARNING LABEL
Warning labels are attached to the equipment. Do not remove any label.
If a label is missing or damaged, contact us for the replacement.
POWER SUPPLY LABEL
100-240 VAC
SINGLE PHASE, 50/60 Hz
POWER CONSUMPTION: MAX. 350W
RATED AMPERE: 3.5-2.4A (100-150VAC)
1.8-1.5A (200-240VAC)
Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can occur.
Use only the specified power cable.
Fire or damage to the equipment can result if a different cable is used.
Use the power supply grounded certainly.
Electrical shock or defect of operation can occur.
When a thunderbolt is expected, do not approach a system or
do not touch a hand.
There is a possibility of receiving an electric shock.
A worker's safety is guaranteed however the radar’s internal protection devices only protect
against indirect lightning and surges to the radar components. In case of a direct lightning
strike these protection devices may not protect radar or surrounding personnel.
Attach securely protective earth to the unit.
The protective earth (grounding) is required to the AC power supply to prevent electrical
shock.
CAUTION
Do not put liquid-filled containers on the top of the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can occur if a liquid spills into the equipment.
Establish best possible surrounding space for apparatus.
This helps eliminate performance degradation and failure.
Do not impact the LCD glass.
Serious injury may occur due to broken glass.
Name: Radiation Warning Label
Type: 03-142-3201-1
Code No.: 100-266-891-10

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WR110 Restrictions
There are restrictions frequency band;
CH1: 9422.5MHz, CH2: 9427.5MHz, CH3: 9432.5MHz, CH4: 9437.5MHz in the following countries:
Switzerland, Lithuania, and Slovakia
Shipment of Weather Radar
Whole weather radar equipment (ATU, JCU, DPU, and others) will be shipped by air or sea from Japan to
overseas. A person who is in charge of installing radar has to keep a packing list in safe because it is
written serial number of each unit (ATU and DPU) that makes one set.
It has to more careful when arrived more than 2 sets of radars because it only works with combinations of
serial number listed in the packing list. Therefore, if shuffled with other radar unit, it will not work properly.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS..............................................................................................i
1. SYSTEM SUMMARY................................................................................................3
1.1. Type of Radar Bands .........................................................................................3
1.2. Anatomy of Weather Radar................................................................................2
1.3. Mechanical Operation ........................................................................................3
1.4. Multi-radar System.............................................................................................3
1.5. Side Lobe...........................................................................................................4
1.6. Location of Radar Installation.............................................................................6
1.7. Radar System Certificate ...................................................................................7
1.8. Requirement of Calibration.................................................................................8
1.9. Peripheral Devices.............................................................................................8
2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................9
2.1. Antenna Unit ......................................................................................................9
2.2. Junction Unit ....................................................................................................10
2.3. Data Processing Unit .......................................................................................10
2.4. Accessories .....................................................................................................12
2.5. Construction Material List.................................................................................13
3. PRIOR CONFIRMATION ........................................................................................14
3.1. Confirmation Items...........................................................................................14
3.2. Power Equipment.............................................................................................14
3.3. Measurements .................................................................................................14
3.4. Network Communication Cable........................................................................14
3.5. Precautionary Item...........................................................................................14
4. CONSTRUCTION...................................................................................................15
4.1. Requirement for Radar Stand ..........................................................................15
4.1.1. Service space for maintenance ATU and JCU ......................................16
4.1.2. Standard radar stand ............................................................................16
4.1.3. Installation and Dimensions of JCU ......................................................16
4.1.4. Radar stand dimension.........................................................................19
4.2. Antenna Unit ....................................................................................................21
4.2.1. Divide the unit.......................................................................................21
4.2.2. Transport ..............................................................................................23
4.2.3. Lifting fixture .........................................................................................23
4.2.4. Mounting and leveling the Antenna Unit................................................24
4.2.5. Opening the radome temporarily...........................................................26
4.2.6. Tube connector.....................................................................................31
4.2.7. Wiring ...................................................................................................32
4.3. Junction Unit ....................................................................................................34

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4.4. Data Processing Unit .......................................................................................35
4.4.1. Startup DPU .........................................................................................35
4.4.2. Add external data storage.....................................................................35
4.4.3. Renew A-threshold ...............................................................................35
5. AZIMUTH INITIAL SETTING ..................................................................................36
5.1. Magnetic Compass ..........................................................................................36
5.2. Echo (Clutter)...................................................................................................37
5.3. Solar Position Simulator...................................................................................38
5.3.1. DPU time setting...................................................................................38
5.3.2. Solar positioning ...................................................................................38
5.3.3. Antenna position analysis operation .....................................................39
5.3.4. Solar observation..................................................................................40
5.3.5. Antenna pointing adjustment ................................................................40
5.3.6. Conclusion............................................................................................42
6. OUTLINE DRAWING ..............................................................................................43
7. SYSTEM DIAGRAM ...............................................................................................48
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................49
LIGHTNING PROTECTION ASSESSMENT ...........................................................49A.
A.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................49
A.2. Risk Assessment .............................................................................................49
A.2.1. Evaluate the need of protection ..............................................................49
A.2.2. Assessment of Risk Components ...........................................................51
A.2.3. Risk Assessment Conclusion..................................................................54
A.3. Solution............................................................................................................55
A.4. Modification Plan..............................................................................................56
A.4.1. Extend existing lightning rod...................................................................56
A.4.2. Add extra lightning rod............................................................................57
A.5. Protection of Structures Against Lightning........................................................58
A.5.1. Old lightning and angle of protection standard........................................58
A.5.2. New standard lightning and angle of protection ......................................59
A.6. Conclusion.......................................................................................................59
COMMUNICATION NETWORK ..............................................................................60B.
STORAGE MEDIA ..................................................................................................61C.
POWER CORDS ....................................................................................................62D.
TEAMVIEWER (Remote control management tool).................................................63E.
E.1. Installation........................................................................................................63
E.2. Uninstallation ...................................................................................................64
SOFTWARE LIST....................................................................................................64F.
TRADEMARK INFORMATION................................................................................64
G.

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1. SYSTEM SUMMARY
RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) developed during World War II as a method to detect the presence of
ships and aircraft (the military considered weather targets as noise). Since WWII, there have been many
advances in radar technology (e.g., Doppler techniques). It is used on land, sea, and in space for both
research and operational needs.
1.1. Type of Radar Bands
There are several different categories according to the wavelength of using on radar in the world. Type
of bands are L, S, C, X, and K band.
L band radars: “L”for “long”. This band is mostly used for clear air turbulence studies. It
operates on 15-30 cm wavelength and a frequency of 1-2 GHz.
S band radars: “S”for “short”. It is not easily attenuated and is useful for near and long range
weather observation. It operates on 8-15 cm wavelength and a frequency of 2-4
GHz. Some weather services use it on a wavelength of just over 10 cm. The
drawback to this band of radar is that it requires a large antenna dish and large,
complex motors to power it. It is not uncommon for an S band dish to exceed
7.62 m in diameter.
C band radars: “C”for “compromise”. The dish size does not need to as large so it is more
affordable for TV stations. It operates on 4-8 cm wavelength and a frequency of
4-8 GHz. It is best used for shorter range weather observation because the
signal is more easily attenuated by dry weather and rain. The frequency allows C
band radars to create a narrower beam width using a smaller dish. C band radars
also do not require as much power as S band radar.
X band radars: “X”is derived from the XX2 secret band. It uses smaller wavelength, is more
sensitive and can detect smaller particles. It operates on 2.5-4 cm wavelength
and a frequency of 8-12 GHz. These radars are used for studies of cloud
development because they can detect the tiny water particles and also used to
detect light precipitation such as snow. X band radars also attenuate very easily
so they are used for only shorter range weather observation. Also due to the
small size of the radar it can easily transported, like the “Doppler on Wheels”
radar. Most commercial airplanes are equipped with X band radar to pick up
turbulence and other weather phenomenon.
K band radars: “K”for “kurz (German for short). This band is split down the middle due to a
strong absorption line in water vapor and it is similar to the X band but is just
more sensitive. It operates on 0.75-1.2 cm or 1.7-2.5 cm wavelength and a
corresponding frequency of 27-40 GHz and 12-18 GHz.
Figure 1.1: Three general types of weather radar band
FURUNO
(φ1.08m)
Weather
Radar
X band
(φ3.3m)
Weather
Radar
Compact
Weather Radar
C band
(φ7.0m)
Weather
Radar
S band
(φ12.6m)
Weather
Radar
Large
Weather Radar
50m
Range
resolution
250m
1km
4km
60sec
80km
30sec
30km
Data
update
cycle
5min
250km
10min
450km
Detection
Range
-Prediction for short localized rainstorm
(Construction sites, man-navigation)
-Urban flood, sediment disaster monitoring
-Operational management of roads, railroads
-River flood, management of dams
High-precision monitoring of
precipitation intensity in local area
Application for meteorological disaster prevention
Weather forecast
(Movement of nimbus, precipitation)
Monitoring of typhoon, rain fronts
Difference between conventional weather radar and FURUNO

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1.2. Anatomy of Weather Radar
Antenna: The main purpose of the antenna is to focus the transmitted power into a small pencil beam
and also to receive and collect the returned signal.
Radome: Protects the antenna from high winds, dusts, and rain.
Sub reflector: Directs the signal from the transmitter onto the antenna and also directs the return
signal from the antenna to the receiver.
Receiver: Detects the signal returned from a target.
Transmitter: Generates the microwave signal at the correct phase and amplitude. For X-band weather
radar, the wavelength of the signal is approximately 3cm.
Radome
Sub reflector
Receiver
Transmitter
Antenna
70km
Figure 1.2: Antenna Type
Axial-feed
Off-axis or
Offset-feed
Cassegrain
Gregorian
Concave
secondary
reflector
Concave
secondary
reflector
Primary
reflector
Feed
antenna
Supports

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1.3. Mechanical Operation
This system observes the development of rain clouds outputs the intensity of precipitation, the speed
of rain clouds (Doppler speed) and observes rainfall phenomena. It is capable of high resolution rain
observation, rain cloud, precipitation density and speed observation. The solid-state transmitter
replaces previous aging devices such as a magnetron.
The area sampled by the radar increases with distance. The wider the beam the greater the likelihood
of sampling a mixture of precipitation types and also a greater the likelihood of sampled both inside
and outside a cloud. Obstacles can also block a portion of the radar beam resulting in an artificially
high power return.
Required accuracy for leveling:
Although 0.2 degrees is an acceptable level, it may
cause a 104.9m difference at a 30km distance from
radar. For best target accuracy make mount level 0.0 to
0.1 degrees.
1.4. Multi-radar System
The single X-band weather radar can be difficult to avoid problems with blind areas due to buildings,
mountains or strong signal extinction by heavy rain.
Furuno provide multi-radar system that consists of three radar systems. While two radar systems are
detecting and tracking rain clouds and observing their movements, the other one is working as RHI
sector scan mode at high speed and cutting through the clouds to observe their internal structures. It is
very difficult to complete signal processing of all the radar systems on single PC because of the CPU
performance. Therefore signal processing is distributed among the PC of each radar system, and all the
data are gathered on the central PC and composited into one synchronized image.
Elevation Angle
Azimuth Angle
The diagram shows the comparison between ground surface and height of
radar beams
Upper radar beam
Ground surface
Ground projection point
Ground projection point
Middle radar beam
Lower radar beam
Radar unit
mounting point
Observation area
Observation point
Ground clutter
Ice crystal snowflake
raindrop
graupel
Rain gauge
hail
Evaporation
wind
sun

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1.5. Side Lobe
The energy radiated from an antenna forms a field having a definite radiation pattern. A radiation
pattern is a way of plotting the radiated energy from an antenna. This energy is measured at various
angles at a constant distance from the antenna. The shape of this pattern depends on the type of
antenna used.
To plot this pattern, two different types of graphs, rectangular-and polar-coordinate graphs are used.
The polar-coordinated graph has proved to be of great use in studying radiation patterns. In the
polar-coordinate graph, points are located by projection along a rotating axis (radius) to an intersection
with one of several concentric, equally-spaced circles. The polar-coordinate graph of the measured
radiation is shown in Figure 1.5.
The main beam (or main lobe) is the region around the direction of maximum radiation (usually the
region that is within 3 dB of the peak of the main beam). The main beam in Figure 1.5 is northbound.
The side lobes are smaller beams that are away from the main beam. These side lobes are usually
radiation in undesired directions which can never be completely eliminated. The side lobe level (or side
lobe ratio) is an important parameter used to characterize radiation patterns. It is the maximum value of
the side lobes away from the main beam and is expressed in Decibels. One side lobe is called back
lobe. This is the portion of radiation pattern that is directed opposing the main beam direction.
The graph shows the rectangular-coordinated graph for the same source. In the rectangular- coordinate
graph, points are located by projection from a pair of stationary, perpendicular axes. The horizontal axis
on the rectangular-coordinate graph corresponds to the circles on the polar-coordinate graph. The
vertical axis on the rectangular-coordinate graph corresponds to the rotating axis (radius) on the
polar-coordinate graph. The measurement scales in the graphs can have linear as well as logarithmic
steps.
Beam Width:
The angular range of the antenna pattern in which at least half of the maximum power is still
emitted is described as a “Beam Width”. Bordering points of this main lobe are therefore the points
at which the field strength has fallen in the room around 3 dB regarding the maximum field
strength. This angle is then described as beam width or aperture angle or half power (- 3 dB) angle
- with notation Θ(also φ). The beam width Θis exactly the angle between the 2 red marked
directions in the upper pictures. The angle Θcan be determined in the horizontal plane (with
notation ΘAZ) as well as in the vertical plane (with notation ΘEL).
Main and Side Lobes (Minor Lobes):
The pattern shown in the upper figures has radiation concentrated in several lobes. The radiation
intensity in one lobe is considerably stronger than in the other. The strongest lobe is called main
lobe; the others are (minor) side lobes. Since the complex radiation patterns associated with
arrays frequently contain several lobes of varying intensity that should learn to use appropriate
terminology. In general, main lobes are those in which the greatest amount of radiation occurs.
Side or minor lobes are those in which the radiation intensity is least.
Cumulonimbus
early detection
from low
altitudes
Start of
detection with
FURUNO radar
Start of detection with
conventional radar
Conventional
radar
FURUNO
radar
FURUNO radar
Conventional radar
Figure 1.3: FURUNO radar detects cumulonimbus
cloud faster than conventional radar
Figure 1.4: Image of using 3 radars