GE Multilin 850 User manual

Instruction manual
850 version: 1.6x
GE publication code: 1601-0298-A9 (GEK-119591H)
*1601-0298-A9*
850
Feeder Protection System
Feeder protection and control
GE
Grid Solutions

© 2016 GE Multilin Incorporated. All rights reserved.
GE Multilin 850 Feeder Protection System instruction manual for revision 1.6x.
850 Feeder Protection System, EnerVista, EnerVista Launchpad, and EnerVista 8 Series
Setup software are registered trademarks of GE Multilin Inc.
The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is
furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission
of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for informational use only and is subject to
change without notice.
Part number: 1601-0298-A9 (March 2016)
Note May contain components with FCC ID: XF6-RS9110N1122
and IC ID: 8407A-RS9110N1122.

850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL I
Table of Contents
1.INTRODUCTION Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 1 - 1
Description of the 850 Feeder Protection System............................................................ 1 - 2
Security Overview............................................................................................................................ 1 - 5
850 Order Codes............................................................................................................................... 1 - 7
Specifications..................................................................................................................................... 1 - 9
Protection......................................................................................................................................................1 - 9
Control......................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 18
Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................. 1 - 19
Recording................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 21
User-Programmable Elements ........................................................................................................ 1 - 22
Metering...................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 23
Inputs ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 25
Outputs........................................................................................................................................................ 1 - 27
Power Supply............................................................................................................................................ 1 - 28
Communications .................................................................................................................................... 1 - 29
Testing & Certification.......................................................................................................................... 1 - 30
Physical ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 31
Environmental.......................................................................................................................................... 1 - 31
Cautions and Warnings ..............................................................................................................1 - 32
Safety words and definitions ............................................................................................................ 1 - 32
General Cautions and Warnings..................................................................................................... 1 - 32
Must-read Information................................................................................................................1 - 35
For Further Assistance.................................................................................................................1 - 36
2.INSTALLATION Mechanical Installation................................................................................................................. 2 - 1
Product Identification..............................................................................................................................2 - 1
Dimensions...................................................................................................................................................2 - 2
Mounting .......................................................................................................................................................2 - 2
Standard Panel Mount.............................................................................................................................2 - 3
Draw-out Unit Withdrawal and Insertion ......................................................................................2 - 4
Removable Power Supply......................................................................................................................2 - 5
Removable Magnetic Module..............................................................................................................2 - 7
Arc Flash Sensor ........................................................................................................................................2 - 8
Electrical Installation ...................................................................................................................... 2 - 8
Typical Wiring Diagram ..........................................................................................................................2 - 8
Terminal Identification......................................................................................................................... 2 - 10
Wire Size......................................................................................................................................................2 - 14
Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity ............................................................................... 2 - 15
Ground CT Inputs.................................................................................................................................... 2 - 15
Voltage Inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 17
Restricted Earth Fault Inputs ............................................................................................................ 2 - 17
Zero-Sequence CT Installation......................................................................................................... 2 - 18
Control Power........................................................................................................................................... 2 - 19
Contact Inputs ......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 19
Output Relays........................................................................................................................................... 2 - 21
Serial Communications ....................................................................................................................... 2 - 23
IRIG-B ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 - 24
3.INTERFACES Front Control Panel Interface..................................................................................................... 3 - 2
850 Graphical Display Pages ...............................................................................................................3 - 2

II 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Working with Graphical Display Pages........................................................................................... 3 - 4
Single Line Diagram................................................................................................................................. 3 - 7
LED Status Indicators.............................................................................................................................. 3 - 8
Home Screen Icons................................................................................................................................3 - 10
Relay Messages .......................................................................................................................................3 - 11
Target Messages.....................................................................................................................................3 - 11
Self-test Errors..........................................................................................................................................3 - 12
Out of Service............................................................................................................................................3 - 15
Flash Messages........................................................................................................................................3 - 15
Label Removal..........................................................................................................................................3 - 15
Software Interface ........................................................................................................................3 - 17
EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software..................................................................................................3 - 17
Hardware & Software Requirements ............................................................................................3 - 17
Installing the EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software.....................................................................3 - 17
Connecting EnerVista 8 Series Setup software to the Relay ..............................................3 - 20
Using the Quick Connect Feature ...................................................................................................3 - 20
Configuring Ethernet Communications........................................................................................3 - 21
Connecting to the Relay ......................................................................................................................3 - 23
Working with Setpoints & Setpoints Files ....................................................................................3 - 24
Engaging a Device..................................................................................................................................3 - 24
Entering Setpoints ..................................................................................................................................3 - 24
File Support................................................................................................................................................3 - 25
Using Setpoints Files..............................................................................................................................3 - 26
Downloading & Saving Setpoints Files..........................................................................................3 - 26
Adding Setpoints Files to the Environment.................................................................................3 - 27
Creating a New Setpoints File...........................................................................................................3 - 28
Upgrading Setpoints Files to a New Revision............................................................................3 - 29
Printing Setpoints....................................................................................................................................3 - 29
Printing Values from a Connected Device...................................................................................3 - 30
Loading Setpoints from a File ...........................................................................................................3 - 31
Quick Setup................................................................................................................................................3 - 32
Upgrading Relay Firmware ................................................................................................................3 - 34
Loading New Relay Firmware...........................................................................................................3 - 35
Advanced EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software Features .......................................................3 - 38
FlexCurve Editor.......................................................................................................................................3 - 38
Transient Recorder (Waveform Capture).....................................................................................3 - 39
Protection Summary .............................................................................................................................3 - 42
Offline Settings File Conversion........................................................................................................3 - 44
Convert SR 750/760 Files ....................................................................................................................3 - 44
Conversion Summary Report ............................................................................................................3 - 45
Results Window .......................................................................................................................................3 - 46
4.SETPOINTS Setpoints Main Menu ......................................................................................................................4 - 1
Setpoints Entry Methods........................................................................................................................ 4 - 2
Common Setpoints................................................................................................................................... 4 - 3
Logic Diagrams.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 4
Setpoints Text Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 4 - 5
Device.....................................................................................................................................................4 - 6
Clock................................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 6
Real-time Clock.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 6
PTP Configuration ..................................................................................................................................... 4 - 7
Clock................................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 9
SNTP Protocol ...........................................................................................................................................4 - 10
Security........................................................................................................................................................4 - 11
Basic Security............................................................................................................................................4 - 13
CyberSentry...............................................................................................................................................4 - 16
Communications.....................................................................................................................................4 - 23

850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL III
RS485............................................................................................................................................................4 - 23
WiFi................................................................................................................................................................4 - 23
USB ................................................................................................................................................................4 - 26
Ethernet Ports...........................................................................................................................................4 - 27
Modbus Protocol .....................................................................................................................................4 - 28
Routing.........................................................................................................................................................4 - 37
DNP Protocol.............................................................................................................................................4 - 40
DNP / IEC104 Point Lists ......................................................................................................................4 - 42
IEC 60870-5-104 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 46
IEC 60870-5-103 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 47
IEC 61850....................................................................................................................................................4 - 48
Transient Recorder ................................................................................................................................ 4 - 51
Data Logger .............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 54
Fault Reports ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 57
Event Data ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 60
Flex States.................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 61
Front Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 61
Display Properties...................................................................................................................................4 - 62
Default Screens........................................................................................................................................4 - 63
Programmable LEDs..............................................................................................................................4 - 63
Programmable Pushbuttons .............................................................................................................4 - 66
Resetting..................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 71
Installation................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 71
System.................................................................................................................................................4 - 72
Current Sensing....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 72
Voltage Sensing ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 74
Power System .......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 76
Breakers...................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 76
FlexCurves ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 80
Inputs...................................................................................................................................................4 - 88
Contact Inputs ......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 88
Virtual Inputs ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 92
Analog Inputs ........................................................................................................................................... 4 - 94
Remote Inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 99
Outputs ............................................................................................................................................4 - 100
Output Relays.........................................................................................................................................4 - 100
Output Relay 1 (F1) Trip..................................................................................................................... 4 - 102
Output Relay 2 (F4) programmed as Close..............................................................................4 - 104
Critical Failure Relay #8 ....................................................................................................................4 - 107
Virtual Outputs.......................................................................................................................................4 - 108
Analog Outputs .....................................................................................................................................4 - 109
Protection .......................................................................................................................................4 - 111
Current Elements..................................................................................................................................4 - 113
Inverse Time Overcurrent Curves.................................................................................................4-114
Percent of Load-To-Trip.................................................................................................................... 4 - 122
Phase Time Overcurrent Protection............................................................................................4 - 123
Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection........................................................................ 4 - 127
Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection............................................................................... 4 - 130
Neutral Time Overcurrent Protection.........................................................................................4 - 134
Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection.....................................................................4 - 137
Neutral Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 140
Ground Time Overcurrent Protection.........................................................................................4 - 146
Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection..................................................................... 4 - 149
Ground Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 151
Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Protection.....................................................................4 - 156
Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection................................................. 4 - 159
Sensitive Ground Directional Overcurrent Protection ........................................................ 4 - 161

IV 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Restricted Ground (Earth) Fault .....................................................................................................4 - 165
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Protection................................................................4 - 171
Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection ...........................................4 - 174
Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent Protection...................................................4 - 177
Broken Conductor................................................................................................................................4 - 181
Load Encroachment...........................................................................................................................4 - 184
Cable Thermal Model .........................................................................................................................4 - 187
Voltage Elements .................................................................................................................................4 - 190
Undervoltage Curves .........................................................................................................................4 - 190
Phase Undervoltage Protection....................................................................................................4 - 192
Auxiliary Undervoltage......................................................................................................................4 - 196
Phase Overvoltage Protection .......................................................................................................4 - 199
Auxiliary Overvoltage Protection.................................................................................................. 4 - 202
Neutral Overvoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 4 - 205
Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection...........................................................................4 - 208
Power Elements....................................................................................................................................4 - 211
Directional Power.................................................................................................................................4 - 211
Wattmetric Ground Fault .................................................................................................................4 - 217
Frequency Elements...........................................................................................................................4 - 222
Fast Underfrequency .........................................................................................................................4 - 222
Underfrequency....................................................................................................................................4 - 227
Overfrequency.......................................................................................................................................4 - 230
Frequency Rate of Change..............................................................................................................4 - 234
Monitoring...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 239
Trip and Close Circuit Monitoring .................................................................................................4 - 239
Breaker Arcing Current......................................................................................................................4 - 247
Breaker Health ......................................................................................................................................4 - 250
Functions .................................................................................................................................................4 - 255
Power Factor..........................................................................................................................................4 - 255
Demand....................................................................................................................................................4 - 262
Current......................................................................................................................................................4 - 263
Real Power ..............................................................................................................................................4 - 266
Reactive Power .....................................................................................................................................4 - 269
Apparent Power....................................................................................................................................4 - 272
Pulsed Outputs......................................................................................................................................4 - 275
Digital Counters ....................................................................................................................................4 - 278
RTD Temperature.................................................................................................................................4 - 282
Harmonic Detection ...........................................................................................................................4 - 287
Control ............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 290
Setpoint Group ......................................................................................................................................4 - 290
Breaker Control.....................................................................................................................................4 - 293
Virtual Input Control ...........................................................................................................................4 - 296
Trip Bus .....................................................................................................................................................4 - 297
Breaker Failure......................................................................................................................................4 - 300
Setup..........................................................................................................................................................4 - 301
Initiate .......................................................................................................................................................4 - 304
Arc Flash Protection............................................................................................................................4 - 306
Synchrocheck ........................................................................................................................................4 - 309
Manual Close Blocking ......................................................................................................................4 - 314
Cold Load Pickup..................................................................................................................................4 - 317
Undervoltage Restoration................................................................................................................4 - 321
Underfrequency Restoration..........................................................................................................4 - 325
Bus Transfer............................................................................................................................................4 - 329
ATS Wiring Diagrams .........................................................................................................................4 - 347
Autoreclose.............................................................................................................................................4 - 351
Setup..........................................................................................................................................................4 - 353
Initiate .......................................................................................................................................................4 - 360

850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL V
Shot x......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 361
Rate Supervision................................................................................................................................... 4 - 363
Current Supervision ............................................................................................................................ 4 - 365
Zone Coordination............................................................................................................................... 4 - 368
VT Fuse Failure.......................................................................................................................................4 - 371
FlexLogic .........................................................................................................................................4 - 373
Timers ........................................................................................................................................................4 - 382
Non-volatile Latches...........................................................................................................................4 - 383
FlexLogic Equation...............................................................................................................................4 - 385
Viewing FlexLogic Graphics ............................................................................................................ 4 - 385
FlexElements...........................................................................................................................................4 - 386
Testing..............................................................................................................................................4 - 393
Simulation................................................................................................................................................4 - 394
Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 394
Pre-Fault................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 395
Fault ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 396
Post-Fault ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 397
Test LEDs ..................................................................................................................................................4 - 398
Contact Inputs .......................................................................................................................................4 - 399
Output Relays.........................................................................................................................................4 - 400
5.STATUS Breakers ............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 2
Last Trip Data..................................................................................................................................... 5 - 3
Arc Flash............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 4
Contact Inputs................................................................................................................................... 5 - 4
Output Relays .................................................................................................................................... 5 - 5
Output Relay 1 (TRIP)................................................................................................................................5 - 5
Output Relay 2 (CLOSE) ...........................................................................................................................5 - 5
Virtual Inputs...................................................................................................................................... 5 - 6
Virtual Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 5 - 7
Flex State ............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 7
Communications.............................................................................................................................. 5 - 8
GOOSE Rx and Tx.......................................................................................................................................5 - 8
Information .......................................................................................................................................5 - 10
Main CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 5 - 10
Comms CPU .............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 10
Hardware Versions................................................................................................................................ 5 - 11
Device Status ...................................................................................................................................5 - 12
Clock.....................................................................................................................................................5 - 13
PTP Status..........................................................................................................................................5 - 13
Autoreclose 1 ...................................................................................................................................5 - 14
6.METERING Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 6 - 4
Currents................................................................................................................................................ 6 - 5
Voltages................................................................................................................................................ 6 - 7
Frequency............................................................................................................................................ 6 - 8
Fast Underfrequency...................................................................................................................... 6 - 9
Harmonics 1(Harmonics 2).......................................................................................................... 6 - 9
Harmonic Detection......................................................................................................................6 - 10
Synchrocheck ..................................................................................................................................6 - 11
Power...................................................................................................................................................6 - 12
Energy..................................................................................................................................................6 - 13
Power Factor....................................................................................................................................6 - 14

VI 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Current Demand 1.........................................................................................................................6 - 14
Power Demand...............................................................................................................................6 - 15
Thermal Capacity...........................................................................................................................6 - 15
Directional Power ..........................................................................................................................6 - 16
Wattmetric Ground Fault...........................................................................................................6 - 16
Arc Flash ............................................................................................................................................ 6 - 16
RTDs .....................................................................................................................................................6 - 17
RTD Maximums...............................................................................................................................6 - 18
Analog Inputs...................................................................................................................................6 - 19
FlexElements....................................................................................................................................6 - 20
7.RECORDS Events.....................................................................................................................................................7 - 1
Transient Records.............................................................................................................................7 - 2
Fault Reports.......................................................................................................................................7 - 3
Data Logger.........................................................................................................................................7 - 4
Breakers................................................................................................................................................7 - 5
Breaker Arcing Current........................................................................................................................... 7 - 5
Breaker Health ........................................................................................................................................... 7 - 5
Digital Counters.................................................................................................................................7 - 6
Clear Records .....................................................................................................................................7 - 7
8.MAINTENANCE Environmental Health Report .....................................................................................................8 - 1
A.APPENDIX A Warranty...............................................................................................................................................A - 1
Revision history..................................................................................................................................A - 1
Major Updates............................................................................................................................................ A - 2

850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–1
850 Feeder Protection System
Chapter 1: Introduction
GE
Grid Solutions
Introduction
The Mulitlin 850 relay is a microprocessor-based unit intended for the management and
primary protection of distribution feeders, as well as for the management and backup
protection of buses, transformers, and transmission lines. The 850 relay is particularly
suited to overhead feeders, where automatic reclosing is normally applied.
Overview
Each relay provides protection, control, and monitoring functions with both local and
remote human interfaces. They also display the present trip/alarm conditions, and most of
the more than 35 measured system parameters. Recording of past trip, alarm or control
events, maximum demand levels, and energy consumption is also performed.
These relays contain many innovative features. To meet diverse utility standards and
industry requirements, these features have the flexibility to be programmed to meet
specific user needs. This flexibility will naturally make a piece of equipment difficult to
learn. To aid new users in getting basic protection operating quickly, setpoints are set to
typical default values and advanced features are disabled. These settings can be
reprogrammed at any time.
Programming can be accomplished with the front panel keys and display. Due to the
numerous settings, this manual method can be somewhat laborious. To simplify
programming and provide a more intuitive interface, setpoints can be entered with a PC
running the EnerVista 8 Setup software provided with the relay. Even with minimal
computer knowledge, this menu-driven software provides easy access to all front panel
functions. Actual values and setpoints can be displayed, altered, stored, and printed. If
settings are stored in a setpoint file, they can be downloaded at any time to the front panel
program port of the relay via a computer cable connected to the serial port of any
personal computer.
A summary of the available functions and a single-line diagram of protection and control
features is shown below. For a complete understanding of each feature operation, refer to
Chapter 4: Setpoints. The logic diagrams include a reference to every setpoint related to a
feature and show all logic signals passed between individual features. Information related
to the selection of settings for each setpoint is also provided.

1–2 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Description of the 850 Feeder Protection System
CPU
Relay functions are controlled by two processors: a Freescale MPC5125 32-bit
microprocessor that measures all analog signals and digital inputs and controls all output
relays, and a Freescale MPC8358 32-bit microprocessor that controls all the advanced
Ethernet communication protocols.
Analog Input and Waveform Capture
Magnetic transformers are used to scale-down the incoming analog signals from the
source instrument transformers. The analog signals are then passed through a 11.5 kHz
low pass analog anti-aliasing filter. All signals are then simultaneously captured by sample
and hold buffers to ensure there are no phase shifts. The signals are converted to digital
values by a 16-bit A/D converter before finally being passed on to the CPU for analysis.
The 'raw' samples are scaled in software, then placed into the waveform capture buffer,
thus emulating a fault recorder. The waveforms can be retrieved from the relay via the
EnerVista 8 Series Setup software for display and diagnostics.
Frequency
Frequency measurement is accomplished by measuring the time between zero crossings
of the composite signal of three-phase bus voltages, line voltage or three-phase currents.
The signals are passed through a low pass filter to prevent false zero crossings. Frequency
tracking utilizes the measured frequency to set the sampling rate for current and voltage
which results in better accuracy for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm for off-
nominal frequencies.
The main frequency tracking source uses three-phase bus voltages. The frequency
tracking is switched automatically by an algorithm to the alternative reference source, i.e.,
three-phase currents signal or line voltage for the configuration of tie-breaker, if the
frequency detected from the three-phase voltage inputs is declared invalid. The switching
will not be performed if the frequency from the alternative reference signal is detected
invalid. Upon detecting valid frequency on the main source, the tracking will be switched
back to the main source. If a stable frequency signal is not available from all sources, then
the tracking frequency defaults to the nominal system frequency.
Phasors, Transients, and Harmonics
All waveforms are processed eight times every cycle with a DC decaying removal filter and
a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The resulting phasors have fault current transients and
all harmonics removed. This results in an overcurrent relay that is extremely secure and
reliable and one that will not overreach.
Processing of AC Current Inputs
The DC Decaying Removal Filter is a short window digital filter, which removes the DC
decaying component from the asymmetrical current present at the moment a fault occurs.
This is done for all current signals used for overcurrent protection; voltage signals use the
same DC Decaying Removal Filter. This filter ensures no overreach of the overcurrent
protection.
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) uses exactly one cycle of samples to calculate a
phasor quantity which represents the signal at the fundamental frequency; all harmonic
components are removed. All subsequent calculations (e.g. power, etc.) are based upon the
current and voltage phasors, such that the resulting values have no harmonic
components. RMS (root mean square) values are calculated from one cycle of samples
prior to filtering.
Protection Elements
All voltage, current and frequency protection elements are processed eight times every
cycle to determine if a pickup has occurred or a timer has expired. The voltage and current
protection elements use RMS current/voltage, or the magnitude of the phasor.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM
850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–3
Figure 1-1: Single Line Diagram
Table 1-1: ANSI Device Numbers and Functions
892770A3.CDR
3 CTs
CT
27P 59P 59N 59_2 VTFF 81U 81O
224
81R
51N 50N 67N
87G
27X 59X
METERING
TRANSIENT RECORDER
EVENT RECORDER
FAULT REPORT
LOAD
BUS
TRIP
52
79
CLOSE
MONITORING
CLP
50BF 51P 50P
22
67P 51_2 50_2 67_2 49
50G/
51G
51G 50G 67G
50G/
51G
51SG 50SG 67SG
25
32N
2222
22
2
V_2
BUS
BREAKER
32
2
850
Feeder Protection System
V_0
ANSI Device Description
25 Synchrocheck
27P (2) Phase Undervoltage
27X (2) Auxiliary Undervoltage
32 (2) Directional Power
32N Wattmetric Ground Fault (Wattmetric zero sequence directional)
49 Cable Thermal Model
50BF Breaker Failure
50G Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent
50SG Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent
50N (2) Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent
50P (2) Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent
50_2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent
51G Ground Time Overcurrent
51SG Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent
51N (2) Neutral Time Overcurrent
51P (2) Phase Time Overcurrent
51_2 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent
52 AC Circuit Breaker
55 (2) Power Factor
59N Neutral Overvoltage
59P (2) Phase Overvoltage

1–4 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Table 1-2: Other Device Functions
59X Auxiliary Overvoltage
59_2 Negative Sequence Overvoltage
67G Ground Directional Element
67SG Sensitive Ground Directional Element
67N Neutral Directional Element
67P Phase Directional Element
67_2 Negative Sequence Directional Element
79 Automatic Recloser
81O (2) Overfrequency
81U (4) Underfrequency
81R Frequency Rate of Change
87G Restricted Ground Fault (RGF)
I1/12 Broken Conductor
VTFF Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure
Description
Analog Input
Analog Output
Arc Flash Protection
Automatic Bus Transfer Scheme
Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)
Breaker Control
Breaker Health
Cold Load Pickup
Data Logger
Demand
Digital Counters
Event Recorder
Fast Underfrequency
Fault Report and Fault Locator
FlexLogic Equations
Flexstates
IEC 61850 Communications
Load Encroachment
Manual Close Blocking
Metering: current, voltage, power, PF, energy, frequency, harmonics, THD
Modbus User Map
Non-volatile Latches
Output Relays
Setpoint Groups (6)
Trip Bus (6)
Transient Recorder (Oscillography)
Trip and Close Coil Monitoring
Underfrequency Restoration
Undervoltage Restoration
User-programmable LEDs
ANSI Device Description

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION SECURITY OVERVIEW
850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–5
Figure 1-2: Main Menu Hierarchy
Security Overview
The following security features are available:
BASIC SECURITY
User-programmable Pushbuttons
Virtual Inputs (32)
Virtual Outputs (32)
Description
Level 1 Level 2 Level 1 Level 2
Setpoints Device
System
Inputs
Outputs
Protection
Monitoring
Control
FlexLogic
Status
Breakers
Metering
Records Events
Transients
Fault Reports
Breakers
Dig Counters
Clear Records
Targets
Data Logger
Testing
Summary
Currents
Voltages
Frequency
Harmonics
Synchrocheck
Power
Energy
Current Demand
Thermal Capacity
Power Demand
Directional Power
Wattmetric Gnd Flt
Fast Underfrequency
Arc Flash
RTDs
Analog Inputs
elays
Vir
Contact Inputs
Output R
tual Inputs
Arc Flash
Virtual Outputs
Communications
Information
Device Status
Autoreclose 1
Clock
Last Trip Data
Flex States

1–6 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
SECURITY OVERVIEW CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
The basic security feature is present in the default offering of the 850 relay. The
850 introduces the notion of roles for different levels of authority. Roles are used as login
names with associated passwords stored on the device. The following roles are available
at present: Administrator, Operator, Factory and Observer, with a fixed permission
structure for each one. Note that the Factory role is not available for users, but strictly used
in the manufacturing process.
The 850 can still use the Setpoint access switch feature, but enabling the feature can be
done only by an Administrator. Setpoint access is controlled by a keyed switch to offer
some minimal notion of security.
CYBERSENTRY
The CyberSentry Embedded Security feature is a software option that provides advanced
security services. When the software option is purchased, the Basic Security is
automatically disabled.
CyberSentry provides security through the following features:
• An Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) Remote Authentication Dial-In
User Service (RADIUS) client that is centrally managed, enables user attribution, and
uses secure standards based strong cryptography for authentication and credential
protection.
• A Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system that provides a permission model that
allows access to 850 device operations and configurations based on specific roles
and individual user accounts configured on the AAA server. At present the defined
roles are: Administrator, Operator and Observer.
• Strong encryption of all access and configuration network messages between the
EnerVista software and 850 devices using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, the
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and 128-bit keys in Galois Counter Mode (GCM)
as specified in the U.S. National Security Agency Suite B extension for SSH and
approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FIPS-140-2
standards for cryptographic systems.
• Security event reporting through the Syslog protocol for supporting Security
Information Event Management (SIEM) systems for centralized cyber security
monitoring.
There are two types of authentication supported by CyberSentry that can be used to
access the 850 device:
• Device Authentication – in which case the authentication is performed on the
850 device itself, using the predefined roles as users (No RADIUS involvement).
– 850 authentication using local roles may be done either from the front panel or
through EnerVista.
• Server Authentication - in which case the authentication is done on a RADIUS server,
using individual user accounts defined on the server. When the user accounts are
created, they are assigned to one of the predefined roles recognized by the 850
– 850 authentication using RADIUS server may be done only through EnerVista.
FASTPATH: WiFi and USB do not currently support CyberSentry security. For this reason WiFi is
disabled by default if the CyberSentry option is purchased. The user can enable WiFi, but
be aware that doing so violates the security and compliance model that CyberSentry is
supposed to provide.
When both 850 device and server authentication are enabled, the 850 automatically
directs authentication requests to the 850 device or the respective RADIUS server, based
on user names. If the user ID credential does not match one of the device local accounts,
the 850 automatically forwards the request to a RADIUS server when one is provided. If a
RADIUS server is provided, but is unreachable over the network, server authentication
requests are denied. In this situation, use local 850 device accounts to gain access to the
850 system.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 850 ORDER CODES
850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–7
USER ROLES
User Access Levels are used to grant varying permissions to specific user roles. User roles
are used by both Basic Security and CyberSentry.
The following user roles are supported:
•Administrator: The Administrator role has complete read and write access to all
settings and commands. The role does not allow concurrent access. The Administrator
role also has an operand to indicate when it is logged on.
•Operator: The Operator role is present to facilitate operational actions that may be
programmed and assigned to buttons on the front panel. The Operator has read/write
access to all settings under the command menu/section. The Operator can view
settings from EnerVista or the front panel but does not have the ability to change any
settings. This role is not a concurrent role.
•Observer: The Observer role has read-only access to all 850 settings. This role allows
concurrent access. The Observer is the default role if no authentication has been done
to the device. This role can download settings files and records from the device.
•Factory: This is an internal non-user accessible role used for manufacturing
diagnostics. The ability to enable or disable this role is a security setting that the
Administrator controls.
GENERAL RULES FOR USER ROLES WITH CYBERSENTRY
1. The only concurrent role is Observer. If the user is logged in through serial, front panel,
or over the network, that counts as the role being logged in for concurrency reasons.
2. Both EnerVista and the front panel provide a one-step logoff. For the front panel, the
root menu has a logoff command. From EnerVista right-clicking on a device and
providing a logoff function from the context menu is sufficient.
3. The EnerVista Login Screen has “User Name:” and “Password:” fields for the default
remote (Radius) authentication, but when a “Local Authentication” checkbox is
selected the “User Name:” field changes to a drop down menu where the user can
select one of the predefined roles on the 850.
850 Order Codes
NOTE
NOTE: Support of some of the features described in the "Setpoints" section are order code
dependent. The 8 Series unit is ordered with a number of required and optional modules.
Each of these modules can be supplied in a number of configurations specified at the time
of ordering.
The information to specify an 850 relay is provided in the following Order Code figure:

1–8 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
850 ORDER CODES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Figure 1-3: 850 Order Codes
FASTPATH: Harsh Environment Coating is a standard feature on all 8 Series units.
892800A3.PDF
850  E * NN * H * * A * N G * * * * * * * * * N
Interface 850 || | |||||||||||||||||| 850 Feeder Protection System (Standard: English Language;
High Voltage PS, Graphical Control Panel)
Language E| | |||||||||||||||||| English
PhaseCurrents P1| |||||||||||||||||| 1A 3-phase current inputs (bank 1/2)
P5| |||||||||||||||||| 5A 3-phase current inputs (bank 1/2)
NN|||||||||||||||||| No phase current inputs (bank 3)
Ground Currents G1 ||||||||||||||||| 1A ground input
G5 ||||||||||||||||| 5A ground input
S1 ||||||||||||||||| 1A ground + 1A sensitive ground input
S5 ||||||||||||||||| 5A ground + 5A sensitive ground input
D1 ||||||||||||||||| 1A ground + 1A ground input
D5 ||||||||||||||||| 5A ground + 5A ground input
PowerSupply L|||||||||||||||| 24 to 48 V DC
H|||||||||||||||| 110 to 250 V DC/110 to 230 V AC
Slot B (LV I/O)
N||||||||||||||| None
R||||||||||||||| 6 x RTDs (PT100, NI100, NI120)
S||||||||||||||| 6 x RTDs (PT100, NI100, NI120, CU10)
SlotC(LVI/O) N|||||||||||||| None
R|||||||||||||| 6 x RTDs (PT100, NI100, NI120)
S|||||||||||||| 6 x RTDs (PT100, NI100, NI120, CU10)
Slot F (HV I/O) A|
|| || || || || || || || || || || || |2 Form A (Vmon), 3 Form C, 7 Digital Inputs (Low/High Voltage, Int/Ext Supply)
SlotG(HVI/O) N|||||||||||| None
A|
|| || || || || || || || || || || |2 Form A (Vmon), 3 Form C, 7 Digital Inputs (Low/High Voltage, Int/Ext Supply)
L|||||||||||| 7 DcmA O/P + 4 DcmA I/P + 1 RTD
Slot H (HV I/O) N | | | | | | | | | | | None
F | | | | | | | | | | | 10 Digital Inputs + 4 Arc Flash Inputs
A|
|| || || || || || || || || || |2 Form A (Vmon), 3 Form C, 7 Digital Inputs (Low/High voltage, Int/Ext supply)
Faceplate G|||||||||| Color Graphical Display
Current Protection S | | | | | | | | | Basic configuration: 50P, 50N, 50G, 51P, 51N, 51G
M|
|| || || || || || || || |Standard configuration: Basic + 50SG, 50_2, 51SG, 51_2, RGF
A|
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Advanced configuration: Standard + 49, 67P, 67N, 67G,
67SG, 67_2, Load Encroachment, Broken Conductor, Fast
UF
Voltage Monitoring and Protection S |
|| || || || || || || |Standard Voltage Metering & Protection: 27P, 27X, 59P, 59N, 59X, 81O, 81U
P|
|| || || || || || || |Advanced Voltage Metering & Protection: Standard + 25, 32, 32N, 55, 59_2, 81R
Control B | | | | | | | Basic: Setpoint Group Control, Virtual Inputs, Trip Bus,
Breaker Control
F | | | | | | | Standard: Basic + FlexLogic, CLP, 50BF
C|
|| || || || || || |Advanced: Standard + Autoreclose, Bus Transfer (requires voltage option P)
Monitoring B |
|| || || || || |Basic: Breakers Coil Monitoring, Breaker Arcing, Harmonics, THD, Demand, Trip Counters
C|||||| Standard: Basic + Advanced Breaker Health
A|||||| Advanced: Standard + Harmonic Detection
Communications S E |
|| || || |Front USB, 1 x Rear RS485 : Modbus RTU, DNP3.0, IEC60870-5-103 + 1 x Ethernet (Modbus TCP), DNP3.0
1 E |
|| || || |
Advanced: Front USB, 1 x Rear RS485 + 2 x Ethernet Fiber,
MODBUS RTU/TCP, DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5-103/104, 1588,
SNTP
1 P | | | | Advanced + PRP
2 A |
|| || || |Advanced + IEC 61850
2 E | | | | Advanced + PRP + IEC 61850
Fiber Optic Connector N | | | None
S||| ST, Multi-mode 1310 nm
C||| RJ45, Copper 10/100 M
Wireless Communication N | | None
W | | WiFi 802.11
Security B| Basic
A| CyberSentry Level 1
Future Option NNot Available

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–9
Advanced security is only available with advanced communications (1E, 1P, 2A, 2E). When
the advanced communications option is selected, the Ethernet port on the main CPU is
disabled.
The “A” option on Slot H is only available if the “L” option is selected on Slot G.
Specifications
To obtain the total operating time, i.e. from the presence of a trip condition to initiation of a
trip, add 8 ms output relay time to the operate times listed below.
Protection
ARC FLASH HS PHASE/GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT HS 50P/50G
Current:....................................................................Phasor Magnitude (special high speed algorithm)
Pickup Level:..........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: ......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:....................................................For 0.1 to 0.2 x CT: ± 0.2% of reading or 1.5% of rated,
whichever is greater
For > 0.2 x CT: ± 1.5% of reading
Operate Time:.......................................................4 ms at >6 x Pickup at 60 Hz
5 ms at >6 x Pickup at 50 Hz
4-8 ms at > (3-6) x Pickup at 60 Hz
4-10 ms at > (3-6) x Pickup at 50 Hz
FAST UNDERFREQUENCY
Operating Parameter:.......................................Frequency and rate of change of frequency
UF Pickup Level:...................................................20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
df/dt Pickup Level: ..............................................-10.00 to -0.10 Hz/s in steps of 0.01 Hz/s
Pickup Time Delay:.............................................0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: .........................................0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Frequency Accuracy:.........................................± 0.01 Hz
Timer Accuracy:...................................................± 3% of operate time or ± ¼ cycle (whichever is greater)
PHASE/NEUTRAL/GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT (51P/N/G)
Current:....................................................................Phasor or RMS
Pickup Level:..........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: ......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:....................................................For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater;
For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
Curve Shape:.........................................................IEEE Extremely/Very/Moderately Inverse;
ANSI Extremely/Very/Normally/Moderately Inverse;
Definite Time, IEC A/B/C and Short Inverse;
IAC Extremely/Very/Inverse/Short Inverse;
FlexCurve A/B/C/D, I2t, I4t
Curve Multiplier:...................................................0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Reset Time: ............................................................Instantaneous, Timed
Curve Timing Accuracy:...................................Currents > 1.03 to 20 x pickup: ± 3% of operate time or ± ½
cycle (whichever is greater) from pickup to operate
Voltage Restrained Function (51V):.............Modifies Pickup from 0.1 < V < 0.9 VT Nominal in a fixed
linear relationship

1–10 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
FASTPATH: Add 1.5 cycles to the curve time to obtain the TOC operating time, i.e., from fault inception
until operation.
SENSITIVE GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT (51SG)
Current:.................................................................... Isg (Phasor or RMS)
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:.................................................... For 0.01 to 0.2 x CT: ± 0.5% of reading or ± 0.4% of rated
(whichever is greater)
For > 0.2 x CT: ± 1.5% of reading
Curve Shape:.........................................................IEEE Extremely/Very/Moderately Inverse
ANSI Extremely/Very/Normally/Moderately Inverse
IEC Curve A/B/C and Short Inverse
IAC Extreme/Very/Inverse/Short Inverse
FlexCurve™A, FlexCurve™B, FlexCurve™C, FlexCurve™D
I2t, I4t, Definite Time
Curve Multiplier: ..................................................0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Reset Time:............................................................ Instantaneous, Timed
Curve Timing Accuracy: ..................................Currents > 1.1 x pickup: ± 3% of curve delay or ± 1/2 cycle
(whichever is greater) from pickup to operate
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE TIME OVERCURRENT (51_2)
Operating Parameter: ......................................I_2 (Fundamental Phasor Magnitude)
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:.................................................... For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT:± 0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater
For > 2.0 x CT: ± 1.5% of reading
Curve Shape:.........................................................IEEE Extremely/Very/Moderately Inverse
ANSI Extremely/Very/Normally/Moderately Inverse
IEC Curve A/B/C and Short Inverse
IAC Extreme/Very/Inverse/Short Inverse
FlexCurve™A, FlexCurve™B, FlexCurve™C, FlexCurve™D
I2t, I4t, Definite Time
Curve Multiplier: ..................................................0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Reset Time:............................................................ Instantaneous, Timed
Curve Timing Accuracy: ..................................Currents > 1.1 x pickup: ± 3% of curve delay or ± ½ cycle
(whichever is greater) from pickup to operate
NOTE
NOTE: Add 1.5 cycles to the curve time to obtain the TOC operating time, i.e., from fault inception
until operation.
PHASE/NEUTRAL/GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50P/N/G)
Current (for Phase IOC only): ......................... Phasor or RMS
Current (for Neutral/Ground IOC only):.....Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:.................................................... For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater
For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
Operate Time: ......................................................<12 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 60 Hz (Phase/Ground IOC)
<16 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 60 Hz (Neutral IOC)
<15 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 50 Hz (Phase/Ground IOC)
<20 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 50 Hz (Neutral IOC)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–11
NOTE
NOTE: Operating time specifications given above are applicable when RMS inputs are used.
Typical times are average operate times over multiple test cases.
Timer Accuracy:...................................................±3% of delay setting or ± ¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
SENSITIVE GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50SG)
Current:....................................................................Isg (Fundamental Phasor Magnitude)
Pickup Level (Gnd IOC):.....................................0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: ......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:....................................................For 0.01 to 0.2 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
For > 0.2 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
Operate Time:.......................................................<12 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 60 Hz
<15 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 50 Hz
Timer Accuracy:...................................................±3% of delay setting or ± ¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
NOTE
NOTE: Add 1.5 cycles to the curve time to obtain the TOC operating time, i.e., from fault inception
until operation.
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50_2)
Current:....................................................................I_2 Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Pickup Level:..........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: ......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy:....................................................For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ± 0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater
For > 2.0 x CT: ± 1.5% of reading
Pickup Time Delay:.............................................0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: .........................................0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Overreach:..............................................................< 2%
Operate Time:.......................................................< 12 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz
< 15 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 50 Hz
Timer Accuracy:...................................................±3% of delay setting or ± ¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67P)
Relay Connection:...............................................90º(Quadrature)
Quadrature Voltage:..........................................ABC phase seq.: phase A (Vbc), phase B (Vca), phase C (Vab);
ACB phase seq.: phase A (Vcb), phase B (Vac), phase C (Vba)
Polarizing Voltage Threshold:........................0.050 to 3.000 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Current Sensitivity Threshold: .......................0.05 x CT
Characteristic Angle:.........................................0ºto 359ºin steps of 1°
Angle Accuracy:...................................................± 2º
Operation Time (FlexLogic™ operands): ..Reverse to Forward transition: < 12 ms, typically;
Forward to Reverse transition: <8 ms, typically

1–12 850 FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67N)
Directionality:........................................................Co-existing forward and reverse
Polarizing:............................................................... Voltage, Current, Dual
Polarizing Voltage:..............................................V_0 or VX
Polarizing Current:.............................................. Ig
Operating Current:.............................................I_0
Level Sensing:.......................................................3 x (|I_0| – K x |I_1|), Ig
Restraint, K:...........................................................0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
Characteristic Angle:.........................................-90ºto 90ºin steps of 1°
Limit Angle:............................................................40ºto 90ºin steps of 1°, independent for forward and
reverse
Angle Accuracy:...................................................±2º
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98% of Pickup
Operate Time (no direction transition): ....< 16 ms at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz
< 20 ms at 3 x Pickup at 50 Hz
GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67G)
Directionality:........................................................Co-existing forward and reverse
Polarizing:............................................................... Voltage, Current, Dual
Polarizing Voltage:..............................................V_0 or VX
Polarizing Current:.............................................. Isg
Operating Current:.............................................Ig
Level Sensing:.......................................................Ig, Isg
Characteristic Angle:.........................................-90ºto 90ºin steps of 1°
Limit Angle:............................................................40ºto 90ºin steps of 1°, independent for forward and
reverse
Angle Accuracy:...................................................±2º
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98%
Operate Time (no direction transition): ....< 12 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz
< 15 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 50 Hz
SENSITIVE GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67SG)
Directionality:........................................................Co-existing forward and reverse
Polarizing:............................................................... Voltage, Current, Dual
Polarizing Voltage:..............................................V_0 or VX
Polarizing Current:.............................................. Ig
Operating Current:.............................................Isg
Level Sensing:.......................................................Ig, Isg
Characteristic Angle:.........................................-90ºto 90ºin steps of 1°
Limit Angle:............................................................40ºto 90ºin steps of 1°, independent for forward and
reverse
Angle Accuracy:...................................................± 2º
Pickup Level: .........................................................0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level:......................................................97 to 98%
Operate Time (no direction transition): ....< 12 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 60 Hz
< 15 ms typical at 3 × Pickup at 50 Hz