Hioki 3143 User manual

3143
EARTH HiTESTER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Contents
Introduction i
Inspection i
Safety Notes ii
Notes on Use vi
Chapter 1 Outline 1
1.1 Product Outline 1
1.2 Features 2
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts 4
Chapter 2 Specifications 7
Chapter 3 Measurement Procedure 11
3.1 Measurement Preliminaries 12
3.2 Measuring method 13
Chapter 4 Technical Information 19
4.1 About Ground Resistance 19
4.2 Principle of Conventional Measurement
of Ground Resistance
(Fall-of-Potential Method) 21
4.3 Principle of Measurement on Which
This Instrument is Based 22
4.4 Comparison of Values Measured
by Conventional Ground Resistance
Meters (Fall-of-Potential Method)
and Model 3143 24

4.5 Sample Measurement
(Measurement of Ground Resistance
for Overhead Telecommunications
Equipment and Various Types
of Protectors) 26
Chapter 5 Precautions concerning
Measurement 29
Chapter 6 Maintenance and Service 31
6.1 9338 CARRYING CASE 31
6.2 Replacing the Batteries 32
6.3 Cleaning the Product 34
6.4 Service 34

i
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Introduction
――――――――――――――――――――――――
Introduction
Inspection
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI 3143
EARTH HiTESTER. To obtain maximum
performance from the instrument, please read
this manual first, and keep it handy for future
reference.
When you receive the instrument, inspect it
carefully to ensure that no damage occurred
during shipping. In particular, check the
accessories, panel knob, and connectors. If
damage is evident, or if it fails to operate
according to the specifications, contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.
Accessories
9216 CABLE WINDER (with 9265)
9265 MEASUREMENT CABLE
(Lead line (Black) 1 m, Return line
(Red) 20 m)
9338 CARRYING CASE
Instruction Manual
LR6 alkaline batteries (four)

ii
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Safety Notes
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WARNING
This instrument is designed to comply with IEC
61010 Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly
tested for safety prior to shipment. However,
mishandling during use could result in injury or
death, as well as damage to the instrument. Be
certain that you understand the instructions and
precautions in the manual before use. We
disclaim any responsibility for accidents or
injuries not resulting directly from instrument
defects.
The symbol printed on the instrument
indicates that the user should refer to a
corresponding topic in the manual
(marked with the symbol) before using
the relevant function.
In the manual, the symbol indicates
particularly important information that the
user should read before using the
instrument.
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Safety Notes
Safety symbols
This manual contains information and
warnings essential for safe operation of the
instrument and for maintaining it in safe
operating condition. Before using it, be sure to
carefully read the following safety precautions.

iii
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Safety Notes
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DANGER
Indicates that incorrect operation
presents an extreme hazard that could
result in serious injury or death to the
user.
WARNING
Indicates that incorrect operation
presents a significant hazard that could
result in serious injury or death to the
user.
CAUTION
Indicates that incorrect operation
presents a possibility of injury to the
user or damage to the instrument.
NOTE Indicates advisory items related to
performance or correct operation of the
instrument.
The following symbols in this manual indicate
the relative importance of cautions and
warnings.
We define measurement tolerances in terms of
rdg. (reading) values, with the following
meanings:
rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and
indicated on the measuring instrument.

iv
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Safety Notes
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Measurement categories (Overvoltage
categories)
This instrument complies with CAT I safety
requirements.
To ensure safe operation of measurement
instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety
standards for various electrical environments,
categorized as CAT I to CAT IV, and called
measurement categories. These are defined as
follows.
CAT I: Secondary electrical circuits that are
connected to a wall outlet through a
transformerorsimilardevice.
CAT II: Primary electrical circuits in
equipment connected to a wall outlet
via a power cord (portable tools,
household appliances, etc.)
CAT III: Primary electrical circuits of heavy
equipment (fixed installations)
connected directly to the distribution
panel, and feeders between the
distribution panel and outlets.
CAT IV: The circuit from the service drop to
the service entrance, then to the
power meter and to the primary
overcurrent protection device.

v
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Safety Notes
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Higher-numbered categories correspond to
electrical environments with greater momentary
energy. So a measurement device designed for
CAT III environments can endure greater
momentary energy than a device designed for
CAT II.
Using a measurement instrument in an
environment designated with a higher-
numbered category than that for which the
instrument is rated could result in a severe
accident, and must be carefully avoided.
Never use a CAT I measuring instrument in
CAT II, III, or IV environments.
The measurement categories comply with the
Overvoltage Categories of the IEC60664
Standards.

vi
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Notes on Use
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Notes on Use
Follow these precautions to ensure safe
operation and to obtain the full benefits of the
various functions.
Preliminary Checks
Before using the instrument the first time,
verify that it operates normally to ensure
that the no damage occurred during storage
or shipping. If you find any damage, contact
your dealer or Hioki representative.
Before using the instrument, make sure that
the insulation on the measurement cables is
undamaged and that no bare conductors are
improperly exposed. Using the product in
such conditions could cause an electric
shock, so contact your dealer or Hioki
representative for replacements. (Model
9265)

vii
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Notes on Use
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DANGER
The ground and return measurement terminals of
this instrument are designed to measure ground
resistance. Accidental connection of the
terminals to a commercial power source or
potential-bearing object may result in electric
shock. Exercise extreme care.
WARNING
Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do
not take measurements with wet hands. This
may cause an electric shock.
To avoid electric shock, do not connect or
disconnect measurement cables while the
instrument is wet.
Do not use the instrument where it may be
exposed to corrosive or combustible gases. The
instrument may be damaged or cause an
explosion.
Do not mix old and new batteries, or different
types of batteries. Also, be careful to observe
battery polarity during installation. Otherwise,
poor performance or damage from battery
leakage could result.

viii
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Notes on Use
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WARNING
To avoid electric shock, turn the power switch
off and disconnect the measurement cables
before replacing the batteries.
To avoid the possibility of explosion, do not
short circuit, disassemble or incinerate
batteries.
Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance
with local regulations.
CAUTION
Do not store or use the instrument where it could
be exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature or
humidity, or condensation. Under such conditions,
the instrument may be damaged and insulation
may deteriorate so that it no longer meets
specifications.
For safety reasons, when taking measurements,
only use the 9265 MEASUREMENT CABLE
provided with the instrument.
To avoid breaking the measurement cables, do not
bend or pull them.
Use only the specified battery type (LR6 alkaline
battery). Manganese batteries, for example, will
provide insufficient service life.

ix
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Notes on Use
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CAUTION
To avoid corrosion from battery leakage, remove
the batteries from the instrument if it is to be stored
for a long time.
To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from
physical shock when transporting and handling. Be
especially careful to avoid physical shock from
dropping.
Although this instrument is designed to resist the
semi-ingress of dust and water, it is not entirely
water- or dust-proof, so to avoid shock or damage,
do not use it in a wet or dusty environment.
If the protective functions of the instrument are
damaged, either remove it from service or mark it
clearly so that others do not use it inadvertently.
Calibration and repair of this instrument should be
performed only under the supervision of qualified
technicians knowledgeable about the dangers
involved.
NOTE The indicator appears when battery voltage
becomes low. Replace the batteries as soon as
possible.
Tocleantheinstrument,wipeitgentlywithasoft
cloth moistened with water or mild detergent.
Never use solvents such as benzene, alcohol,
acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as
they can deform and discolor the case.
After use there is still a drain on the battery, be
sure to turn the power switch off.

x
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Notes on Use
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1
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Chapter 1 Outline
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NOTE
Chapter 1
Outline
1.1 Product Outline
In contrast to conventional 3-pole type ground
resistance meters, this instrument allows easy
measurement of ground resistances, with no
need to drive auxiliary earthing electrodes into
the ground - whether soil or asphalt. This is
particularly useful when ground resistances
need to be measured in urban environments, in
which driving auxiliary earthing electrodes into
the ground is not easy or practical.
The instrument is best suited to the
measurement of ground resistances for
grounding connections that use individual bar-
type earthing electrodes for
telecommunications equipment installed on
poles (overhead telecommunications
equipment), and for telecommunications
equipment protectors.
Model 3143 was designed and commercially
produced using technology originally devised
by the Technical Cooperation Center of NTT
East.

2
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Chapter 1 Outline
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Measurement
Cable
Return Cable
Ground
Grounded body being
measured
(Bar-type earthing electrode)
Fi
g
ure 1
1.2 Features
(1) No need to drive auxiliary earthing
electrodes into the ground
Allows easy measurement of ground
resistances, simply by connecting the earthing
electrode to the measurement terminals
(Ground side) of the instrument and the return
line (red line) to the other terminal (Return
side) and placing the return line on the ground.
(2) Ideally suited to measurements of bar-
type earthing electrodes
The instrument allows easy measurement of the
ground resistances of individual bar-type
earthing electrodes for overhead
telecommunications equipment protectors.

3
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Chapter 1 Outline
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(3) Reduces the effects of ground voltage
The instrument uses a synchronous detection
system, with the return line placed directly on
the ground in an electrically insulated state.
This reduces the adverse effects of higher
harmonic ground voltages of commercial
frequency to ensure stable measurement.
(4) Semi-dust-proof construction
Measurement switches, indicators and other
moving parts are designed to withstand use in
tough environments.
(5) Easy to use
The supplied carrying case is designed to hold
the instrument and all accessories. A cable
winder is standard, making it easy to deploy
and store measurement cables.

4
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Chapter 1 Outline
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 9.
10.
11.
Fi
g
ure 2
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts

5
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Chapter 1 Outline
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1. Power switch (POWER)
Instrument power switch
2. Measuring knob (MEASURE)
Knob for measuring ground resistances. Turn
the knob until the instrument indicates a
minimum resistance value.
3. Earth: Earthing electrode terminal
Terminal to which the earthing electrode is
connected, via the lead line (black).
4. Return: Return terminal
Terminal to which the return line (red) is
connected. Position the return cable directly
on the ground.
5. LCD display
6. Measured ground resistance value
7. Measurement indicator bar
Indicates the direction in which the measuring
knob (MEASURE) is to be turned. Turn the
knob to shrink the indicator bar.
8. Hold indication
Following measurement, the display retains the
value of the last value measured. If the
measuring knob (MEASURE) is left untouched
for about 3 minutes, the instrument will enter
Hold status. Turning the knob cancels Hold
status and resumes measurement.

6
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Chapter 1 Outline
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9. Battery check
Indicates that the batteries have been
exhausted. Replace the batteries.
10. Battery cover
11. Fixing screw on the battery cover