Hioki RM3548 User manual

EN
RM3548
RESISTANCE METER
Instruction Manual
May 2015 Revised edition 1
RM3548A981-01 15-05H

How to use the Instruction Manual (this manual)
See below, as appropriate:
Be sure to always read the
following sections. 
“Safety Notes” (p. 4)
“Usage Notes” (p. 7)
When you wish to use the
instrument immediately “Overview” (p. 15)
When you need further information
on the various functions Refer to the “Contents” (p. i) and/or “Index” (p. Ind.1) to nd the desired function.
To nd out about product
specications
“Specications” (p. 93)
If the instrument does not operate
as intended or expected
“Troubleshooting” (p. 108)
For detailed information related to
resistance measurement “Appendix” (p. Appx.1)
RM3548A981-01
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
付録索引

i
Introduction........................................................................................1
Verifying Package Contents.............................................................2
Safety Notes.......................................................................................4
Usage Notes.......................................................................................7
1 Overview 15
1.1 Overview and Features.................................................15
1.2 Component Names and Operation Overview.............16
Power-on settings ....................................................................20
1.3 Flow of Measurement...................................................21
1.4 Screen Layout...............................................................22
1.5 Checking the Measurement Target .............................25
2 Preparing for Measurement 27
2.1 Attaching the Strap.......................................................28
2.2 Loading or Replacing the Batteries ............................29
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads ..........................................30
2.4 Connecting the Z2002 Temperature Sensor
(When Using TC or ΔT).................................................31
2.5 Turning the Power On/Off ............................................32
Turning the power on...............................................................32
Turning the power off...............................................................32
Automatic power off with auto power save (APS)....................33
Disabling auto power save (APS) ............................................33
2.6 Pre-measurement Inspection.......................................34
3 Basic Measurement 35
3.1 Setting the Measurement Range.................................36
3.2 Connecting the Test Leads to the Measurement
Target .............................................................................38
3.3 Reading the Measured Value.......................................39
Switching the display................................................................39
Verifying measurement errors..................................................40
Holding a measured value .......................................................42
Memorizing a measured value.................................................42
Contents
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

ii
Contents
4 Customizing Measurement Conditions 43
4.1 Using Zero Adjustment.................................................44
4.2 Stabilizing Measured Values (Averaging Function)...49
4.3 Compensating for Thermal Effects
(Temperature Correction (TC)).....................................50
4.4 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset
Voltage Compensation Function: OVC Function)......51
4.5 Setting the Delay Time for Measurement (Delay
Function)........................................................................53
4.6 Switching the Measurement Current
(In the 300mΩRange)...................................................55
5 Judgment and Conversion Functions 59
5.1 Judging Measured Values (Comparator Function)....60
Judging based on upper and lower limit values (ABS mode) ..63
Judging based on a reference value and allowable range
(REF% mode) ..........................................................................64
Verifying a judgment with a sound (judgment sound function).65
Verifying a judgment on a handheld device
(L2105 LED Comparator Attachment option)..........................66
5.2 Performing Temperature Rise Test
(Temperature Conversion Function (∆T)) ...................67
5.3 Measuring the Length of a Conductor
(Length Conversion Function).....................................69
6 Panel Save and Load
(Saving and Loading Measurement
Conditions) 71
6.1 Saving Measurement Conditions
(Panel Save Function) ..................................................72
6.2 Loading Measurement Conditions
(Panel Load Function)..................................................73
6.3 Clearing the Contents of a Panel.................................74

iii
Contents
7 Memory Function (Saving and Exporting
Measurement Data to a PC) 75
7.1 Saving Data at Specied Time (Manual Memory) ......77
7.2 Saving Data Automatically When Measured
Values Stabilize (Auto-Memory) ..................................78
7.3 Saving Data at Fixed Intervals
(Interval Memory Function)..........................................79
7.4 Displaying Saved Measurement Data
(Memory Display Function)..........................................81
7.5 Clearing Measurement Data (Memory Clear) .............82
7.6 Exporting Saved Measurement Data to a PC
(USB Mass Storage Mode)...........................................86
8 System Settings 89
8.1 Displaying the Date and Time Verication Screen ....89
8.2 Setting the Clock...........................................................90
8.3 Initializing (Reset).........................................................91
Default settings ........................................................................92
9 Specications 93
General Specications....................................................................93
Measurement range.................................................................93
Measurement method..............................................................93
Measurement specications.....................................................93
Accuracy ..................................................................................96
Functions..................................................................................97
Interface.................................................................................104
Environmental and safety specications................................105
Accessories............................................................................105
Options...................................................................................106
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

iv
Contents
10 Maintenance and Service 107
10.1 Troubleshooting..........................................................108
Q&A (frequently asked questions and answers)....................108
Error display and actions........................................................114
10.2 Repair and Inspection ................................................115
10.3 Replacing Fuses .........................................................116
10.4 Disposing of the Instrument......................................117
Appendix Appx.1
Appx. 1 Block Diagram ...............................................Appx.1
Appx. 2 Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop) Method.........Appx.2
Appx. 3 DC Method and AC Method ..........................Appx.3
Appx. 4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) .......Appx.4
Appx. 5 Temperature Conversion (ΔT) Function ......Appx.7
Appx. 6 Effect of Thermoelectromotive Force
(Thermal EMF)................................................Appx.8
Appx. 7 Zero Adjustment..........................................Appx.11
Appx. 8 Unstable Measurement Values...................Appx.17
Appx. 9 Locating Short-Circuits on a PC Board.....Appx.27
Appx. 10 Test Lead Options .......................................Appx.28
Appx. 11 Calibration....................................................Appx.30
Appx. 12 Adjustment...................................................Appx.33
Index Ind.1

1
Introduction
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI RM3548 Resistance Meter. To obtain maximum
performance from the product, please read this manual rst, and keep it handy for
future reference.
Registered trademarks
Windows and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

2
Verifying Package Contents
Verifying Package Contents
•When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches,
and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the
specications, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
•When transporting the instrument, use the same packaging materials used for the
delivery to you.
Check the package contents as follows.
RM3548 Resistance Meter Instruction Manual
L2107 Clip Type Lead (p. 30) USB Cable (A-miniB type)
Z2002 Temperature Sensor (p. 31) Strap
LR6 Alkaline battery × 8
電池
ヒューズ
電池
ヒューズ
Spare fuse (F2AH/250 V)

3
Verifying Package Contents
Options
For details, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller. (p. Appx.28)
L2107 Clip Type Lead 9467 Large Clip Type Lead
9453 Four-Terminal Lead 9772 Pin Type Lead
9465-10 Pin Type Lead 9454 Zero Adjustment Board
Z2002 Temperature Sensor L2105 LED Comparator Attachment
JAPAN
C1006 Carrying Case
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

4
Safety Notes
Safety Notes
The instrument is designed to conform to IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been
thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, using the instrument in a way
not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features.
Before using the instrument, be certain to carefully read the following safety notes.
DANGER
Mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well
as damage to the instrument. Be certain that you understand the
instructions and precautions in the manual before use.
WARNING
With regard to the electricity supply, there are risks of electric shock,
heat generation, re, and arc discharge due to short circuits. If
persons unfamiliar with electricity measuring instruments are to use
the instrument, another person familiar with such instruments must
supervise operations.
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe operation of
the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using the
instrument, be certain to carefully read the following safety notes.

5
Safety Notes
Notation
In this manual, the risk seriousness and the hazard levels are classied as follows.
DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that will result in death or
serious injury to the operator.
WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in death or
serious injury to the operator.
CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor
or moderate injury to the operator or damage to the instrument or
malfunction.
IMPORTANT Indicates information related to the operation of the instrument or
maintenance tasks with which the operators must be fully familiar.
Indicates prohibited actions.
Indicates the action which must be performed.
*Additional information is presented below.
p. Indicates the location of reference information.
[ ] An item enclosed by [ ] indicates a key name.
Unless otherwise noted, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8 are
referred to as “Windows”.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

6
Safety Notes
Symbols afxed to the instrument
Indicates cautions and hazards. When the symbol is printed on the instrument,
refer to a corresponding topic in the Instruction Manual.
Indicates a fuse.
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Symbols for various standards
Indicates the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE
Directive) in EU member states.
Indicates that the instrument conforms to regulations set out by the EC Directive.
Screen display
The instrument uses the following screen displays.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Accuracy
We dene measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading) and dgt.
(digit) values, with the following meanings:
f.s. (Maximum display value) This is usually the maximum display value. In the instrument, this indicates the
currently used range.
rdg. (Reading or displayed value) The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring
instrument.
dgt. (Resolution) The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument, i.e., the input
value that causes the digital display to show a “1”.
See: “Accuracy calculation examples” (p. 96)

7
Usage Notes
Usage Notes
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benets of
the various functions.
Checking before use
Before using the instrument the rst time, verify that it operates normally to ensure
that no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you nd any damage, contact
your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
DANGER
Before using the instrument, check that the coating of the test leads
or cables are neither ripped nor torn and that no metal parts are
exposed. Using the instrument under such conditions could result
in electrocution. Replace the test leads with those specied by our
company.
Installation
Installation environment
Operating temperature
and humidity ranges 0°C to 40°C 80%RH or less (no condensation)
Storage temperature
and humidity ranges -10°C to 50°C 80%RH or less (no condensation)
Installing the instrument in inappropriate locations may cause a malfunction of
instrument or may give rise to an accident. Avoid the following locations.
CAUTION
•Exposed to direct sunlight or high temperature
•Exposed to corrosive or combustible gases
•Exposed to water, oil, chemicals, or solvents
•Exposed to high humidity or condensation
• Exposed to a strong electromagnetic eld or electrostatic charge
•Exposed to high quantities of dust particles
• Near induction heating systems (such as high-frequency induction
heating systems and IH cooking equipment)
•Susceptible to vibration
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

8
Usage Notes
IMPORTANT
Accurate measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong magnetic
elds, such as near transformers and high-current conductors, or in the presence of
strong electromagnetic elds such as near radio transmitters.
Handling precautions
WARNING
•Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do not use it with wet
hands. This may cause electric shock accident.
•Do not modify, disassemble, or repair the instrument. This may
result in re, electric shock accident, or injury.
CAUTION
• Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface. It may
drop or fall, causing injury or instrument failure.
•To avoid any damage to the instrument, avoid any vibration or shock
during transport or handling. Especially, be careful not to drop or fall the
instrument which will cause shock.
•To avoid any damage to the instrument, do not input voltage or current to
any measurement, TEMP.SENSOR, or COMP.OUT terminals.
Precautions during shipment
Observe the following during shipment.
Hioki cannot be responsible for damage that occurs during shipment.
CAUTION
• During shipment of the instrument, handle it carefully so that it is not
damaged due to a vibration or shock.
•To avoid damage to the instrument, remove the accessories and optional
equipment from the instrument during shipment.
If the instrument is not used for an extended period of time
IMPORTANT
To avoid corrosion and/or damage to the instrument due to battery leakage, remove
the batteries from the instrument if it is to be kept in storage for an extended period.

9
Usage Notes
Handling leads and cables
DANGER
To avoid electrical shock accident, do not short test leads where
voltage is applied.
CAUTION
• Avoid stepping on or pinching the leads, which could damage the lead
insulation.
•To avoid damaging the cables, do not bend or pull the base of cables and
the leads.
•When removing a connector, hold its plug portion, not its cable, to prevent
a wire disconnection.
• The ends of pin type leads are sharp. Be careful to avoid injury.
•Melted lead wire is dangerous because its metal part is exposed.
Be careful not to allow contact between the lead wire and the heat
generating portion.
• The Z2002 Temperature Sensor is precision-machined. Excessively high
voltage pulses or static electricity may damage the sensor.
• Do not apply an excessive impact to the tip of the Z2002 Temperature
Sensor or bent the lead wire. It may cause failure or wire disconnection.
IMPORTANT
• Do not use any test lead or temperature sensor other than the ones specied by
our company. It may result in inaccurate measurement due to poor contact or
other reasons.
• If the jack of a test lead or the temperature sensor is dirty, wipe it off. Otherwise,
the contact resistance will increase, affecting the temperature measurement.
• Be careful so that the temperature sensor connector does not come off. (The
temperature correction or conversion function will not work if the connector
comes off.)
Before attaching the strap
CAUTION
Use the four attachment points on the instrument to attach the strap
securely. Otherwise, the instrument may drop during carrying, damaging
the instrument.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

10
Usage Notes
Batteries
WARNING
• Do not short circuit, charge, disassemble, or incinerate batteries. Doing
so may cause an explosion and is dangerous.
•To avoid electric shock accident, remove any test leads before replacing
batteries.
• After the replacement, be sure to reattach the cover.
CAUTION
Poor performance or damage from battery leakage could result.
Observe the cautions listed below.
•Do not use both new and old batteries or different types of batteries
together.
• Be careful to observe battery polarity. Otherwise, poor performance or
damage from battery leakage could result.
• Do not use batteries after their recommended expiry date.
• Do not allow used batteries to remain in the instrument.
•To avoid corrosion and/or damage to the instrument due to battery
leakage, remove the batteries from the instrument if it is to be kept in
storage for an extended period.
IMPORTANT
•When is lit, the battery becomes low. Replace the batteries as soon as
possible. When is blinking, the battery becomes too low for measurement.
Replace the batteries.
• Be sure to turn the power off after using it.
•In this manual, the “batteries” are those used to power the instrument.
• Do not use any batteries other than the specied type (LR6 alkaline batteries).
Ni-MH batteries may cause battery leakage, depending on the degree of battery
charge and deterioration.
• Dispose of batteries in accordance with local regulations.
Remaining battery level indicator
Indication
The battery is fully charged.
As the remaining amount of batteries becomes low, the bars disappear from the left.
The battery becomes low. Replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(Blinking) There is no battery remaining. Replace the batteries with new ones.

11
Usage Notes
Before connecting test leads
DANGER
To avoid electric shock or short-circuit accident, turn any
measurement target off before connecting test leads.
Before connecting the L2105 LED Comparator Attachment
CAUTION
• To prevent the instrument and the L2105 LED Comparator Attachment
from breaking down, turn the power off before connecting the L2105 LED
Comparator Attachment.
• The COMP.OUT terminal is for the L2105 only. Do not connect any
terminal other than the L2105.
• Connect the temperature sensor securely. Otherwise, the specications
may not be met.
•When a tie band is used, do not tighten the test lead excessively.
It could damage the test lead.
• Do not perform the following as they could damage the core or coating of
a cable.
Twisting or pulling the cable
Connecting the cable around the L2105 LED Comparator Attachment
by bending it compactly
Before connecting the Z2002 Temperature Sensor
WARNING
Connect the Z2002 Temperature Sensor securely. Otherwise,
specications may not be met or a failure may occur.
CAUTION
• To prevent the instrument and the Z2002 Temperature Sensor from
breaking down, turn the power off before connecting the Z2002
Temperature Sensor.
•Insert the Z2002 Temperature Sensor all the way into the TEMP.SENSOR
terminal. Otherwise, the measurement may have a large error.
IMPORTANT
If the jack of the Z2002 Temperature Sensor is dirty, wipe it off. Otherwise, the
temperature measurement may have an error.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Appx. Ind.

12
Usage Notes
Measurement precautions
DANGER
To avoid electrical shock accident, do not short test leads where
voltage is applied.
WARNING
•To prevent electric shock accident
or damage to the instrument, do not
apply voltage to any measurement
terminal. To avoid electrical accident,
remove power from the measurement
target before measurement. The measurement target is connected
to power.
•Electrical sparks may occur at the moment of connecting/disconnecting
the power cable to/from the measurement target. Do not use the
instrument where combustible gases are generated.
CAUTION
• Do not measure a point where
voltage is applied. When a motor
is turned off, the motor does not
stop immediately and is rotating
inertially. And, in such a state, a
large electromotive force is still being
generated.
If a transformer or motor is measured
immediately after a voltage withstand
test, the instrument will be damaged
due to induced voltage or residual
charge.
Rotating inertially
•When measuring a transformer or coil with an inductance of 5 H or more
and with a resistance of 1Ωor less, do not use the 3mΩ or 30mΩrange
in which a measurement current of 1 A ows. The instrument may be
damaged.
• Do not attempt to measure the internal resistance of a battery. The
instrument will be damaged. To measure internal resistance of a battery,
use a HIOKI 3554, 3555, BT3562, BT3563, or 3561 Battery HiTESTER.