HP 8509A Product information sheet

User's/Reference Guide
HP 8509A/B LightwavePolarization
Analyzer
ABCDE
HP Part No. 08509-90016 Supersedes: 08509-90003
Printed in USA October 1994

Notice.
The information contained in this document is sub ject to change
without notice.
Hewlett-Packard makes no warrantyofany kind with regard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and tness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard
shall not b e liable for errors contained herein or for incidental
or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, and the Microsoft logo are registered
trademarks, and Windows is a trademark, of Microsoft Corp oration.
c

Cop
yrigh
tHewlett-P
ac
k
ard Compan
y1992, 1994
All Righ
ts Reserv
ed. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation
without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allow
ed
under the cop
yrigh
tla
ws.
1400 F
oun
taingrov
eP
arkw
a
y
,Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA

Certification
Hewlett-Packard Company certies that this pro duct met its
published specications at the time of shipment from the factory.
Hewlett-Packard further certies that its calibration measurements
are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards
and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration
facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International
Standards Organization members.
Regulatory Information
Chapter 9 contains regulatory information.
Warranty
This Hewlett-Packard instrument pro duct is warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for a p erio d of one year from
date of shipment. During the warranty p erio d, Hewlett-Packard
Company will, at its option, either repair or replace pro ducts which
pro
v
eto bedefectiv
e.
F
or w
arran
t
yservice or repair, this pro duct m
ust bereturned to a
service facilit
ydesignated b
yHewlett-P
ac
k
ard. Buy
er shall prepa
y
shipping c
harges to Hewlett-P
ac
k
ard and Hewlett-P
ac
k
ard shall pa
y
shipping c
harges to return the pro duct to Buy
er. Ho
w
ev
er, Buy
er
shall payall shipping c
harges, duties, and taxes for pro ducts returned
to Hewlett-P
ac
k
ard from another coun
try
.
Hewlett-P
ac
k
ard w
arran
ts that its soft
w
are and rm
w
are designated
b
yHewlett-P
ac
k
ard for use with an instrumen
twill execute
its programming instructions when properly installed on that
instrument. Hewlett-Pac
k
ard does not w
arran
tthat the operation
of the instrumen
t, or soft
w
are, or rm
w
are will beunin
terrupted or
error-free.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from
improp er or inadequate maintenance byBuyer, Buyer-supplied
software or interfacing, unauthorized mo dication or misuse,
operation outside of the en
vironmental specications for the
pro duct, or improp er site preparation or main
tenance.
NO OTHER W
ARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
HEWLETT-PACKARD SPECIFICALL
Y DISCLAIMS THE
IMPLIED W
ARRANTIES OF MER
CHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS F
OR A P
ARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Exclusive Remedies
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE
AND EX
CLUSIVE REMEDIES. HEWLETT-P
A
CKARD SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE F
OR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENT
AL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL D
AMA
GES, WHETHER
iii

BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL
THEORY.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance
agreements are available for Hew lett-Packardproducts.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Hew lett-Packard Sales and
ServiceOce.
Safety Notes
The following safety notes are used throughout this manual.
Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before
operating this instrument.
Caution
Caution denotes ahazard. It calls atten
tion to apro cedure that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to, w
ould result in damage to or
destruction of the instrumen
t. Do not pro ceed bey
ond acaution sign
un
til the indicated conditions are fully understoodand met.
W
arning
W
arning denotes ahazard. It calls attention to aprocedure which, if
not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss
of life. Do not proceed bey
ond aw
arning note until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and met.
L
The instruction documen
tation symbol. The product is
mark
ed with this sym
bol when it is necessary for the user to refer to
the instructions in the documen
tation.
\CE" The CE mark is a registered trademark of the Europ ean
Community. (If accompanied byayear, it is when the design was
proven.)
\ISM1-A" This is a sym
bol of an Industrial Scien
tic and Medical
Group 1Class Apro duct.
\CSA" The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian
Standards Association.
iv

General Safety Considerations
Warning
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing
ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the
instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional
interruption is prohibited.
Warning
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not removecovers.
Caution
Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage
selector switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the
correct fuse is installed.
v

Contents
1. Getting Started
Description of the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
About This Manual Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
This guide uses the following conventions: . . . . 1-2
HP 8509A/B User's/Reference Guide Table of
Contents (this manual) . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
The Data Displays (Power, DOP, Ellipse and Poincare
Sphere) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Po
wer Display . . ..............1-5
DOP Display................ 1-5
P
oincare Sphere ...............1-5
P
olarization Ellipse ............ . . 1-5
The Mark
er F
unctions ..... . .......1-6
Setting aMarker ...............1-6
Setting aMark
er at the Curren
tData P
oin
t..1-7
Setting aMark
er at aUser-Specied P
oin
t... 1-7
T
urning the Mark
ers On and O ........1-8
Clearing the Mark
ers .............1-8
Cen
tering the Sphere on aMark
er or Curren
tP
oin
t1-9
Tw
o- or Three-P
oin
tP
olarization Reference .. . 1-9
Zo om and Rotate . . . . . ...........1-10
Zo om .................. . .1-10
ToZoomIn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
To Zo om Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
The Zo om Factor Function . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
To Rotate the Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
The 4
Home
5 Button ............ . 1-11
4
Clea
rT
race
5
and Hold .... . .........1-11
4
ClearT
race
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
4

5 and Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12
4

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Source W
avelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Contents-1

2. Making Measurements
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
PMD Measurement: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis
Metho d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
External Source Preparation . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Manipulating the Measurement Results . . . . . . 2-13
The Measurement Summary Bar . . . . . . . . 2-13
The Measurement Annotation Area . . . . . . . 2-14
Using The Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Changing The MeasurementFormat . . . . . . 2-15
Changing The Graph's Y-Scale . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Displaying and Printing Data in Tabular Format . 2-16
Displaying Data in a Statistical Format . . . . . 2-17
The File menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Add from Selected JME Window F2 . . . . 2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Add from Database...F3
........2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Add from Text File...F4
........2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Load Statistics...F5
.........2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Save Statistics...F6
. . .......2-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Print Bitmap
..............2-20
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Print Data
..... . .........2-20
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Exit
............ . .....2-20
The Edit men
u........... . ...2-20
The F
ormat Men
u... . . . .......2-20
The Help menu ..............2-21
The Annotation Area ............2-21
Prin
ting the PMD:JME Graph ..... . . . .2-22
Sa
ving y
our Measurement as T
ext . ......2-22
Saving in Database Format . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Specialized Measurement Metho ds . . . . . . . . 2-24
Performing a Cascade Measurement . . . . . . 2-24
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Making the Measuremen
t . .........2-25
Using aV
oltage-T
uned Source ... . .....2-28
Using aManually-T
uned source ........2-28
PMD:JME Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Polarization Mo de Disp ersion . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Polarization modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
General eects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Mo de coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
PMD units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Fib er PMD statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Fitting the Maxw
ell curv
eto the distribution .2-30
Enlarging the sample size ..........2-30
Source spectral c
haracteristics .........2-31
Should Iuse the reference frame? ... . ....2-31
Contents-2

Cascade measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
What is a cascade measurement? . . . . . . . 2-31
Typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
PMD Measurement: Wavelength-Scanning Metho d . 2-33
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
Manipulating the Measurement Results . . . . . . 2-38
The Measurement Summary Bar . . . . . . . . 2-38
The Measurement Annotation Area . . . . . . . 2-39
Using The Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
Changing The MeasurementFormat . . . . . . 2-40
Displaying and Printing Data in Tabular Format . 2-41
Printing your Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
Saving your MeasurementasText . . . . . . . 2-43
Saving in Database Format . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
PMD:WS Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-44
Polarization Mo de Disp ersion . . . . . . . . . 2-44
Polarization modes . . ...........2-44
General eects ...............2-44
Mo de coupling ........... . . . .2-44
PMD units ..... . . . ........2-45
Optimizing the setup for ber or comp onen
ttest .2-45
W
a
v
elength tuning range ..........2-45
Analysis mo de .......... . ....2-45
Minimum feature size .. . .........2-46
Statistical c
haracterization of ber PMD ...2-46
PDL Measuremen
t: Jones Matrix Metho d.....2-47
Basic Measuremen
t....... . . . .....2-48
Setting up the System . . ..........2-48
External Source Preparation ..........2-49
Making the Measuremen
t...........2-52
Saving the Measurement Results . . . . . . . . 2-54
PDL Measurement: Power Max-Min Method . . . 2-55
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-56
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-56
External Source Preparation . . . . . . . . . . 2-57
Making the Measuremen
t.......... . 2-57
Sa
ving the Measuremen
tResults . . ......2-59
Jones Matrix Measuremen
t......... . .2-60
Basic Measuremen
t. ... . . . . . . . . . . . 2-61
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-61
External Source Preparation . .. .. . . . . . 2-62
Measurement Pro cedure . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63
Establish the Polarization Reference Frame . . 2-63
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2-64
Concepts ...................2-67
The Relativ
eJones Matrix ......... . .2-67
The sign of s3 ................2-67
Description of the Jones Matrix Measuremen
t
Algorithm ................2-67
Contents-3

Application of the Jones Matrix . . . . . . . . 2-68
Timed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-69
Polarization Maintaining Fib er Launch . . . . . . 2-69
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
External Source Preparation . . . . . . . . . . 2-71
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72
Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-74
Explanation of Polarization Maintaining Fib er
Launch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-74
Polarization Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . 2-75
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-76
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-76
External Source Preparation . . . . . . . . . . 2-77
Cho osing the Polarizers . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-77
Setting the Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . 2-78
Checking Reference Frame Quality . . . . . . . 2-78
Setting a Circular State of Polarization . . . . . 2-78
Using the Reference F
rame . .........2-79
Additional Measuremen
tApplications ......2-79
2pt and 3pt P
olarization Reference F
rames ..2-79
Measuremen
tof the Retardance of an Optical
Device . . ...............2-79
Measuremen
tof Output P
olarization of an Optical
In
tegrated Circuit .......... . .2-80
Measuring P
olarization State at a Connector
Surface .................2-80
Concepts ................ . ..2-81
Explanation of P
olarization Reference F
rame
Mathematics .. . . . ..........2-81
T
ransmission Ratio (3pt Reference F
rame) ....2-81
State of P
olarization Measuremen
ts ........2-82
Basic Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-83
Setting up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-83
External Source Preparation . . . . . . . . . . 2-84
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2-85
Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-85
Specialized Measuremen
tT
ec
hniques .......2-86
Measuring eectiv
edegree of polarization . ...2-86
Concepts ............ . ......2-87
Degree of P
olarization . .. . . . . . . . . . . 2-87
Electric Fields and P
olarization . . . . . . . . 2-87
Contents-4

3. Accuracy Enhancement and Troubleshooting
Before You Proceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
4. Printing, Saving, and Recalling Measurement Results and
Instrument Congurations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
For Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Printing Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Standard Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Pro cedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Customized Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Pro cedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Saving and Recalling Measurements . . . . . . . . 4-7
Saving Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Pro cedure .............. . . . 4-9
Recalling Measuremen
ts ...... . . . . . .4-10
HP 8509 File Recall Pro cedure . . . .....4-10
HP 8509 File Recall Results .........4-11
W
ord Pro cessor, Spreadsheet and Database
Numeric File F
ormat ...... . ....4-11
PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis Sa
v
eF
ormat 4-12
PMD: W
a
v
elength-Scanning Sa
v
eF
ormat ..4-12
PDL: Jones Matrix and Jones Matrix Sa
v
e
F
ormat ..... . ..........4-12
Timed Measurement As T
ext Sa
v
eF
ormat ..4-12
Sa
ving and Recalling Instrumen
tCongurations ..4-13
Recalling the Preset Conguration ........4-15
Pro cedure ........ . . . . . . . ...4-15
Sa
ving aUser Conguration . . . . . ......4-16
Pro cedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Recalling a User Conguration . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Pro cedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
5. The Displa
yMen
u
F
or Additional Information ........ . .5-1
The PRESET Conguration .. . ........5-2
Displaying the Marker T
able . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Displaying the P
oincare Sphere . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Displaying the P
olarization Ellipse . . . . . . . . 5-5
Exchanging the P
oincare Sphere and the P
olarization
Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Changing the Power Display Units . . . . . . . . 5-7
Marking the CurrentPoint . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Changing the Displa
yUpdate F
requency .....5-9
Holding the Data Displa
y....... . ....5-10
Clearing the T
race F
rom the Sphere .......5-11
Setting the Displa
yto Refresh Automatically ...5-11
Contents-5

6. The System Menu
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Optical Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Opening the Optical Source Setup Window . . . 6-2
Selecting an Optical Source (HP 8509A Only) . . 6-2
Selecting an Optical Source (HP 8509B Only) . . 6-3
Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Initiating the Receiver Zeroing Routine . . . . . 6-4
Making Accurate Measurements . . . . . . . . 6-4
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Calibrating For Use With a Fixed Wavelength Source 6-7
Select the Source to b e Calibrated . . . . . . 6-7
Calibrate at the Selected Wavelength . . . . . 6-8
Save and/or Apply the Calibration . . . . . . 6-10
Calibrating For Use With a Tuneable Wavelength
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Select External Source and Input Wavelength . 6-11
Calibrate at the Selected Wa
v
elength .....6-12
Sa
ving W
a
v
elength Calibrations .......6-14
Applying ACalibration ........... . 6-15
Applying aCalibration .... . . . ....6-15
Ho
wto T
ell If aCalibration is Applied ....6-16
Deleting aCalibration ............6-17
P
olarizers ........... . .......6-18
Opening the P
olarizers Window ........6-18
Selecting aP
olarizer .............6-18
Selecting an In
ternal P
olarizer (HP 8509B Only) 6-18
About In
ternal P
olarizers .... . . . ...6-19
Selecting an External P
olarizer . .......6-19
P
olarizer Angles and the P
oincare Displa
y....6-19
Using the Sh
utter (HP 8509B only) ........6-20
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Opening the Averaging Window . . . . . . . . 6-21
Selecting DisplayAveraging . . . . . . . . . 6-21
About Display Averaging . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Selecting MeasurementAveraging . . . . . . 6-22
About Measuremen
tAv
eraging .......6-22
Range .................. . ..6-23
Opening the Range Windo
w....... . ..6-23
Selecting Autorange . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Selecting a Specic Gain State . . . . . . . . 6-23
About Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Analog Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
Opening the Analog Outputs Window. . . . . . 6-24
DOP and Normalized Stokes Parameters Mo de . . 6-24
Ra
wPhoto dio de Curren
ts ...........6-25
Reference F
rame Info .......... . ...6-26
Opening the Reference F
rame Information Windo
w6-26
Operation V
erication .............6-28
Contents-6

7. User Interface Reference
Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Operation Verication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis . . . . . . . . 7-12
PMD Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
PMD: Wavelength-Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Timed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
PDL: Jones Matrix & Jones Matrix . . . . . . . . 7-24
PDL: Power Max - Min . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
PM Fib er Launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Marker Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
8. Lightwave Connector Care
Intro duction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Cleaning and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Denition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Connector ............... . . 8-3
Adapter ........ . . . . . . . ...8-3
Handling . . . . ... . ..........8-3
Cleaning ..................8-3
Cleaning Non-Lensed Ligh
t
w
a
v
eConnectors ....8-4
Equipmen
t........ . ........8-4
Pro cess . . ................8-4
Cleaning Ligh
t
w
a
v
eAdapters ..........8-5
Equipmen
t............ . ....8-5
Pro cess ..... . .............8-5
Cleaning Lensed Connections ..........8-5
Storage ................. . . . 8-6
Making Connections ..............8-7
Summary ......... . . . . . . . ...8-7
Inspection ... . . . . . ...........8-8
Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Optical Performance Testing . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Intro duction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Insertion Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Return Loss .. . ........... . .8-9
9. Safet
yand Regulatory Information
Regulations and Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Safety Information .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Ventilation Requiremen
ts . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Cleaning Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Instrument Conforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Laser Aperture Lo cation . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Contents-7

10. Programming
11. Specications and Characteristics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Warranted Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Polarization Mo de Disp ersion (PMD) Sp ecications,
Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME) Method (HP
8509B only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD Measurement . 11-2
Wavelength Scanning PMD Measurement . . . . 11-3
Comparison Between Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis and
Wavelength Scanning Methods . . . . . . . 11-4
Receiver Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Polarization Dep endence, Jones Matrix Method . 11-7
Polarization Dep endence, Power Max-Min Method 11-7
Fib er Size and Analog Output Range . . . . . . 11-7
A. Co ordinate System and Generation of Right-Hand Circularly
P
olarized Ligh
t
Glossary
Index
Contents-8

Figures
1-1. The HP 8509 Basic Measurement Screen . . . . 1-4
1-2. The Marker Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1-3. Setting a Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-4. Close Set Marker Window. . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-5. Turn Markers On/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1-6. Clear Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1-7. Center Sphere on Marker . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1-8. Marker Zoom and Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
1-9. Clear Trace and Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1-10.  and Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
2-1. Example of data displa
yfor a PMD:JME
measuremen
t . ... . ..........2-2
2-2. Measuremen
tSetup ..............2-3
2-3. System Men
u......... . . . ....2-4
2-4. Optical Source Setup .......... . . . 2-5
2-5. P
olarizer Selection ..... . ........2-5
2-6. Polarizer Setup ................2-6
2-7. 3pt Reference Applied .............2-6
2-8. Circular P
olarization ......... . ...2-7
2-9. JME Measuremen
tSelection . . ........2-8
2-10. JME Source Setup ..............2-9
2-11. Segmen
tSelection ............. . 2-10
2-12. Find Minimum #of P
oints . . . . . . ....2-10
2-13. Optical Source Setup for PMD: Jones Matrix
Eigenanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2-14. PMD: JME MeasurementStart . . . . . . . . 2-11
2-15. Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2-16. The Measurement Summary . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2-17. The Measurement Annotation Area . . . . . . . 2-14
2-18. The Cursor Bar ... . ...........2-15
2-19. Changing the Measuremen
tF
ormat ...... . 2-15
2-20. Changing the Graph's Y-Scale .. . . . . . . . 2-16
2-21. Displaying Data in T
abular F
ormat . . . . . . . 2-16
2-22. Displaying Data in a Statistical Format . . . . . 2-17
2-23. Displaying Data in a Statistical F
ormat . . . . . 2-18
2-24. PMD Statistics File Men
u. . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
2-25. Printing the PMD:JME Graph . . . . . . . . . 2-22
2-26. Saveas Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
2-27. Saving in Database F
ormat ..........2-23
2-28. ................... . ..2-24
2-29. Measuremen
tSetup .......... . ...2-25
2-30. Measuremen
tStart ... . ..........2-25
Contents-9

2-31. Thru Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
2-32. The Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
2-33. The Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
2-34. Example of data displayforawavelength-scanning
PMD measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
2-35. Wavelength-Scanning System Setup . . . . . . . 2-34
2-36. Wavelength-Scanning Measurement Selection . . 2-35
2-37. Optical Source Setup for PMD:Wavelength Scanning 2-36
2-38. PMD: WS Measurement Start . . . . . . . . . 2-36
2-39. Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37
2-40. The Measurement Summary . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
2-41. The Measurement Annotation Area . . . . . . . 2-39
2-42. The Cursor Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
2-43. Changing the MeasurementFormat . . . . . . . 2-40
2-44. Displaying Data in Tabular Format . . . . . . . 2-41
2-45. Printing your Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
2-46. Saveas Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
2-47. Saving in Database Format . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
2-48. Example of a Jones matrix PDL measuremen
tdata
displa
y................. . 2-47
2-49. Measuremen
tSetup .......... . . . .2-48
2-50. System Men
u... . . . ..........2-49
2-51. Optical Source Setup .............2-49
2-52. P
olarizer Selection ..............2-50
2-53. P
olarizer Setup ......... . ......2-50
2-54. 3pt Reference Applied .. . ..........2-50
2-55. Circular P
olarization .............2-51
2-56. Jones Matrix Measuremen
tSelection ......2-52
2-57. Jones Matrix Measuremen
tWindo
w... . . . 2-53
2-58. Measuremen
t Results . . ...........2-53
2-59. Example of aPDL measuremen
tdata displa
y..2-55
2-60. Measuremen
tSetup ..............2-56
2-61. System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57
2-62. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57
2-63. PDL Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . 2-58
2-64. PDL:Power Max-Min Measurement Window. . . 2-58
2-65. Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-59
2-66. Example of data displa
yfor aJones matrix
measuremen
t..... . .........2-60
2-67. Measuremen
tSetup ......... . ....2-61
2-68. System Men
u ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62
2-69. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62
2-70. Jones Matrix Measuremen
t Selection .. . . . . 2-64
2-71. Jones Matrix Measuremen
t Windo
w . . . . . . 2-65
2-72. Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
2-73. Comparing the output Jones Vectors to 3 known
input Jones V
ectors ............2-68
2-74. Jones Matrix Application .......... . 2-68
2-75. Example of aP
olarization Maintaining Fib er
Alignment data displa
y...........2-69
2-76. Measuremen
tSetup ..............2-70
Contents-10

2-77. System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-71
2-78. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-71
2-79. PM Fib er Launch Measurement Selection . . . . 2-72
2-80. PM Fib er Launch AlignmentWindow. . . . . . 2-73
2-81. How PMF cable launch extension ratio is calculated 2-74
2-82. Example of the results that can b e achieved with and
without a p olarization reference frame . . . . 2-75
2-83. Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-76
2-84. System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-77
2-85. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-77
2-86. Example of a SOP measurement data display . . 2-82
2-87. Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-83
2-88. System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-84
2-89. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-84
2-90. SOP and DOP Measurement Example . . . . . 2-85
2-91. Polarization changes with Ex(t) and Ey(t). . . . 2-87
2-92. Elliptical displays of polarization . . . . . . . . 2-88
2-93. Mathematical description of an elliptical displayof
polarization . . ..............2-88
2-94. P
olarization states on aP
oincare Sphere .....2-89
3-1. Measuremen
tT
roublesho oting Matrix ......3-2
4-1. The File Men
u.. . . . ...........4-1
4-2. The Prin
tMen
u...............4-3
4-3. Customized Prin
ting Example .........4-4
4-4. The Sa
v
eMen
u...... . ........4-8
4-5. The Sa
v
eAs Windo
w.............4-9
4-6. The Load Men
u...............4-10
4-7. Viewing aStored T
race on the P
oincare Sphere .4-11
4-8. The Load PRESET Conguration Men
u... . .4-15
4-9. The Preset Conrmation Window .......4-15
4-10. The Sa
v
eMen
u............ . . . 4-16
4-11. The File Sa
v
eAs: Congure File Windo
w....4-16
4-12. The Load Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
4-13. The Load Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
5-1. The PRESET Conguration . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2. The Show Markers Menu . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-3. Marker Window Hidden . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-4. The Sho
wSphere Men
u....... . ....5-4
5-5. P
oincare Sphere T
urned O . .........5-4
5-6. The Sho
wEllipse Men
u...... . .....5-5
5-7. P
olarization Ellipse T
urned O . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-8. The Sho
w Sphere
< - > Ellipse Men
u . . . . . . 5-6
5-9. Sphere and Ellipse Exc
hanged . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5-10. The P
ower Displa
yMen
u . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5-11. Power Display in Watts Mo de . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5-12. The Mark CurrentPointMenu. . . . . . . . . 5-8
5-13. Mark Curren
tP
oin
tActiv
ated .........5-8
5-14. The Displa
yUpdate Men
u...... . ....5-9
5-15. The Displa
yUpdate Box ...........5-9
5-16. The Hold Men
u...............5-10
5-17. The Hold F
unction ..............5-10
Contents-11

5-18. The Clear Trace Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
5-19. The Auto Refresh Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
6-1. The HP 8509A Optical Source Window . . . . . 6-2
6-2. The HP 8509B Optical Source Window . . . . . 6-3
6-3. The Calibration Window . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
6-4. The Optical Source Window. . . . . . . . . . 6-7
6-5. The Calibration Window . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
6-6. The Calibration List . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
6-7. The Optical Source Window. . . . . . . . . . 6-11
6-8. The Calibration Window . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
6-9. The Calibration List . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
6-10. Calibration Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
6-11. Deleting a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
6-12. Conrm or Abort the Deletion Pro cess . . . . . 6-17
6-13. The Polarizers Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
6-14. The Shutter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
6-15. The Averaging Window. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
6-16. The Range Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
6-17. The Analog Outputs Window .........6-24
6-18. No Reference F
rame Dened Windo
w......6-26
6-19. Tw
o-P
oin
tReference F
rame Information Windo
w.6-27
6-20. Three-P
oin
tReference F
rame Information Window 6-27
6-21. The Operation V
erication Windo
wfor the HP
8509A ..................6-28
9-1. Laser Aperture Lo cation ....... . ...9-4
11-1. Comparison of JME and WS Measuremen
tMetho ds
for Long Optical Fib er T
est .........11-4
Contents-12

Tables
4-1. Summary of HP 8509 Measurement Results
Save/Recall Features . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
6-1. Analog Outputs for DOP and Normalized Stokes
Parameters Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
6-2. Analog Outputs for Raw Dio de Currents Mo de . . 6-25
7-1. Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7-2. Optical Source Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
7-3. Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
7-4. Op eration Verication . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
7-5. PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis . . . . . . . 7-12
7-6. PMD Statistics . . ... . ..........7-15
7-7. PMD: W
a
v
elength-Scanning ..........7-18
7-8. Timed Measuremen
ts ........... . .7-22
7-9. PDL: Jones Matrix &Jones Matrix . . . . ...7-24
7-10. PDL: P
o
w
er Max -Min . . . .........7-26
7-11. PDL: P
ow
er Max -Min ............7-28
7-12. Mark
er Angles ................7-29
11-1. Maximum Measurable DGD Using JME Dela
y(HP
8509B) ....... . ..........11-1
11-2. PMD Measuremen
tUncertain
t
yUsing the JME
Metho d(HP 8509B Only) .........11-2
11-3. Repeatabilityof JME PMD Measuremen
twith Fixed
Pigtail positions . . . . . . . .......11-2
11-4. Repeatabilityof JME PMD Measuremen
twith
Randomized Pigtail Positions . . . . . . . . 11-3
11-5. Minimum Measurable PMD Using the Wavelength
Scanning Metho d . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
11-6. Receiver Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
11-7. Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
11-8. External Source Input P
ort Characteristics ...11-6
11-9. Measuremen
tof P
olarization Dependence (HP 8509B
Only) Jones Matrix Metho d........11-7
11-10. Measuremen
tofP
olarization Dep endence (HP 8509B
Only) P
ower Max - Min Metho d . . . . . . 11-7
11-11. Other Characteristics . ...... . . . . . . 11-7
Contents-13