Kenwood KD-600 User manual

KENWOOD
HI/FI
STEREO
COMPONENTS
KD-600
(KD-650)
NOTE: KD-600 is not provided with tonearm, shell and cartridge.
(KD-650)
QUARTZ
PLL
DIRECT
DRIVE
TURNTABLE

CONTENTS
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Note: fry
Component and circuitry: ‘are subject to modification’ to insure best
operation under differing. local conditions. This manual is based on, the
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EXTERNAL VIEW
Pea Turntable cover
(A53-02 13-12)
Hinge (2)
(J50-03 15-04)
Turntable sheet*
Turntable platter
(DO2-002 1-15)
Turntable case ass’y*
Insulator
(JO2-03 28-05)
Hinge (1)
(J50-03 14-05)
Audio cord
{E30-1333-05)
Power cord*
*Refer to Destinations’ Parts List.

INTERNAL VIEW
Hole cover plate*
Motor assy
(T43-0017-05)
Tonearm ass'y
(J91-01.18-08)
mown
Knob {1}
(K29-0650-14) a
Operation ass’y sy - =.
(D40-0451-05) ES ee] @ KENWOOD, Ste Tuitiame
Lock indicator ass‘y
(BO8-9208-04})
Power transformer*
Motor
ass'y
Power
supply
PCB
ass'y*
(T43-0017-05)
Muting PCB ass’y
(X25-1400-00)
Control PCB ass’y*
Power switch*
Operation ass’y
(D40-045 1-05)
Lock indicator ass’y
({BO8-9208-04)
*Refer to Destinations’ Parts List.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
FUNDAMENTAL THEORY OF QUARTZ PLL-
TURNTABLE
As the motor structure of the KD-600 (650) is almost
identical to that of the KD-750, we will omit the description
of the motor operation of the KD-600 (650) in this manual.
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St-VSLVINS
KD-600 (650) Speed Control Block Diagram
‘not covered in detail in the manual for the KD-750.
Instead, we will provide in this manual some detailed
descriptions of the KD-600 (650)’s control circuit which was

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK THEORY
The following figure shows a negative feedback circuit
constituting a closed-loop system. Where M is a contro!
object, 8 is a feedback element: and A is an amplifier with the
gain of A.
Vout
Based on the above figure, we obtain the following formu-
la:
Vout = VAxAxM
Vin: input voltage
VA: amplifier input voltage
Vout: output voltage
VA is expressed as follows:
VA = Vin — BVout
Therefore, the closed loop gain G1 can be written as:
G1 = Vout/Vin
VAtAsM/(VA + BVASA*M)
= AeM/(1 + BA+M)
if the amplifier is assumed to be an ideal amplifier with an
infinite gain, then we obtain:
G1 = 1/6
That is, the closed loop gain is a reciprocal of 8 which is
always constant regardless of control object M.
The negative feedback is thus able to suppress unstable
factors involved in the control object by using a stabie
feedback element and ideal amplifier.
I
S-V SERVO
In conventional speed control systems, speed-information
feedback depends on a voltage proportional to the
frequency. Therefore, its closed-loop characteristic has
usually a poor linearity as shown in the following figure.
Amplifier
Vref. Turning speed
1 FG servo
Speed (w) Lene rS SSeS ess 1 circuit block
| Feedback element aingram
1/x
FG servo input-output
yw characteristic
Input (Vref)
Our KD-750 and KD-650 (600) Turntables employ not
only the S-V servo system, which is an improved version of
the conventional speed control system, but also the
phase-feedback control system. The S-V servo system uses a
Speed-Voltage converter which generates a voltage reversely
proportional to the motor’s turning speed and provides an
ideaily linear input-output characteristic.
Speed (w)
—_——w Input (Vref)
S-V Servo Input-output Characteristic
PLL
The PLL, a kind of phase feedback circuit, contro!s the
Output phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator located
within the closed loop to coincide with the phase of the
reference frequency. The following figure shows a basic
block diagram of the PLL:
This filter passes only the frequency close to the VCO frequency.
If there is any phase difference, a voltage is generated.
input
signal
Phase
;
Z
comparator
Low
pass
filter
fs
(P.C.)
(L.P.F.}
Voltage
controlled
oscillator
Vco
PLL Basic Configuration
In the above figure, the phase comparator generates a
voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the
input signal and the VCO (Voitage-Controlled Oscillator)
Output. There are an analog and digital phase comparator
now available. It is sometimes called a phase detector. The
voltage-controlled oscillator oscillates a frequency proportio-
nal to the input voltage. Its output is coupled to the phase
comparator to constitute a PLL feedback loop. The low pass
filter (LPF) in the loop suppresses harmonic components and
noises contained in the phase comparator output. The
response and synchronisation characteristic of the PLL
largely depend on this LPF characteristic.
The synchronization process taking place in the PLL loop
consists of two stages: frequency pull-in process (in which
the VCO output frequency approaches the reference
frequency) and lock-in process (in which the VCO output is
locked to the reference frequency).
:
|
1
:
{
3
j
3

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
FREQUENCY PULL-IN PROCESS
When fs and fo in the PLL basic block diagram are
different from each other (phase difference is large), the
phase detector operates as a mixer because of its non-linear
characteristic, and generates a beat signal equivalent to the
frequency difference. If this beat frequency is below the
specific value inherent to the PLL loop characteristic, the
VCO output frequency approaches to the reference frequency
until finally the former is locked to the fatter. However, if the
frequency difference is too large, the VCO output is not
synchronized with the reference frequency by repeating
approach to and departure from the reference frequency.
The following figure illustrates the PLL synchronization
process viewed from the phase comparator output.
DC voltage of PD Phase
difference
' '
i} 4
'
i i
' Lock-in '
Pull-in
Phase Output in PLL Synchronization Process
LOCK-IN PROCESS
The frequency difference reduced in the pull-in process is
further reduced in the lock-in process until the PLL can
completely respond to the beat frequency and finally the VCO .
output is synchronized with the reference frequency.
LOCK RANGE AND CAPTURE RANGE
The PLL voltage-frequency conversion characteristic (a)
shown in the following figure indicates the case where input
frequency fs is higher than reference frequency fo. The foop
does not responds until input frequency fs reaches f1.
However, when fs reaches f1, the loop is suddenly locked to
fs and generates a negative difference voltage Vdf1 which va-
ries proportional to the reciprocal of conversion gain ko (V/-
rad) of the VCO as the frequency increases. And when fs is
equal to fo, when fs reaches f2 via Vdo, Vd rapidly returns to
zero, thus releasing the lock. It is this frequency f2 that is the
upper limit of the lock range.
Vd Oo
Out of lock
Out of
lock
<a: as input frequency fs is increased ..... >
Out of lock
<b: as input frequency fs is decreased ..... >
From the above figure, the capture range and lock range
are expressed as follows:
Capture range: f3 — f1 = 2afc
Lock range: f2 — f4 = 2aft
From the above descriptions, it may be concluded that the
PLL responds only to the frequencies apart from +afL or Afc
from the VCO output frequency fo, and when it responds, the
PLL ts locked in.
4
|
:
;
:
a a a NB FN i A a tle ci ek ns i es at

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
QUARTZ LOCK PLL
QUARTZ
Block Diagram for Quartz Lock PLL.
From the above figure, it is known that the control circuit
is Composed of three basic closed loops: the inner-most
constant current loop constituting the motor driver section,
the outer S-V converter closed loop to control turning speed,
and the outer-most phase-comparator closed loop to control
phase. The quartz crystal controlled oscillator oscillating the
reference frequency for the phase comparator provides a
higher precision motor control.
OPERATION CONTROL SECTION
When turntable operations, such as start, stop and speed
change, operating mechanisms in conventional turntables
have given undesirable vibrations to the turntable. In order
to eliminate such unnecessary vibrations, the KD600 (650)
Turntable has incorporated “touch” switches into its
Operating section.
The following diagrams cover some technical descriptions for
an integrated circuit (IC) designed to aid the touch switch
operation.
The SAS-560S, a monolithic IC designed to aid the touch
switch operation, requires only a very small operating .cur-
rent. lt has four independent inputs, and two outputs cor-
responding to each input. The following table shows the pin
configuration of the SAS-560S.
Channel Application
STOP
45 rpm
33 rpm
Pin numbers enclosed in a circle indicate those for turning-speed display
output.
SAS-560S IC Pin Configuration
TOUCH SENSOR (SAS-560S)
This
IC
includes
4
control
circuits
as
shown
in
the
diagram
below.
(Refer
to
page
18.)
The point 14 is the sensor input which is normally biased
by +B through 560 kQ, turning Q202, A203, 0206, Q207,
Q210-Q215, Q208 and 0208 to OFF and 0204 and Q205
to
ON,
so
no
voltage
is
present
at
the
points
13
and
4.
By touching the sensor input 14, a current flows through
4.7 MQ, turning Q202 to ON which, in turn, turns Q204 and
Q205 to OFF and Q206, 0207, Q210-Q215, Q208 and
Q209 to ON, so that an output voltage is developed at the
point 13 and 4.
By releasing the sensor input 14, Q202 and Q203 turn to
OFF and Q204 and 0205 turn to ON; Q206 also turns to
OFF, while Q207 is locked in ON state by Q208 and Q209 (a
positive feedback loop is formed by Q207, Q208 and
Q209). Since Q210-Q215 remain ON, the output voltage ts
still present at the points 13 and 4 when the sensor input is
released. These circuits can be unlocked by increasing the
voltage at the point 2.
Q206, Q207, Q106, Q107, Q306, Q307, 0406 and
Q407 each are connected to a common emitter with an ex-
ternal load resistor, so when any one of the 4 circuits is lock-
ed, the remaining circuits are unlocked because the voltage
at the point 2 is increased.
There are no possibilities of locking more than one Circuit
at the same time (see the circuit diagram of SAS5608S, P18).
When the power is ON, the output voltage is first
developed at the points 6 and 9 since Q507 and Q508 are
momentarily turned ON through the circuit Q504-Q508
which functions as a start switch. As the emitter of Q508 is
connected to the base of Q408, 0408 turns ON which, in
turn, locks Q407, 0408 and Q409 in ON state.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
13 indicator
output
+8
© 4 output
Channel-1
in
the
IC
incorporates
a
power-set
(initializing)
of
pin-5
and
pin-6
are
used
for
turning-speed
selection
sig-
circuit
which
resets
the
entire
turntable
mode
into
the
STOP
nal.
Outputs
pin-9
and
pin-11
are
coupled
to
transistors
mode
when
the
power
of
the
turntable
is
turned
on.
The
Q15
and
Q16
respectively
which
drive
turning-speed
output
of
pin-9
is
used
for
stop-operation
signal,
while
those
indicator
LEDs.
At 45 rpm, the LED (45) lights
with Q16 turned OFF and Q15
turned ON.
Set to “H” in the STOP mode.
At 45 rpm, this output is set to "H”.
At 33 rpm, this output is set to “H”.
None of the LEDs for 45
and 33 rpm lights with Q15
turned OFF.
At 33 rpm, the LED (33)
lights with both Q15 and
Q16 turned ON.
~t----- ------}
Turning-speed Indicator LED Drive Circuit
SPEED-MONITORING CIRCUIT
To brake monitor
Set to “H” in the STOP
mode or at 45 rpm.
Set to "L” at the
correct turning speed.
As the turning speed decreases, the output
voltage goes higher; as the turning speed To power indicator
increases, the voltage goes lower. To lock indicator
|

CIRCUIT. DESCRIPTION
The Speed-Monitoring circuit monitors motor rotation for
correct turning speed. The outputs of the circuit become the
control signals for the power indicator, lock indicator, and
brake-monitor circuit. Pin-8 of IC8 accepts the voltage from
IC1 and the FG signal, which is S-V converted and passed
through a low-pass filter, proportional to motor rotation. IC8
is an analog level comparator, i.e. an A/D converter, of which
logical output pins 2, 3 and 4 are connected to each logic
circuit. The input/output characteristics of the 5-step analog
level comparator is shown in the following table:
Analog Input
Motor Rotation
Terminal 8 :
Turning speed
too high
<200mvV
Correct turning
speed
200 ~ 400mV
400 ~ 600mV
600 ~ 800mV Turning speed
800 ~ 1000mV age low
Lock indicator}
Power indi-
cator
No connec-
Output Applica-
tion
* Turning speed of less than 0.144 rps (brake signal is released)
Input/Output Characteristics of the 5-step
Analog Level Comparator
The input, pin-8, of the analog comparator is adjusted with
trimming potentiometer VR1 and 2 so that the output, pin-4,
is “'H”’ with the correct turning speed and that is ’L” with less
0.144 rps. Together with this input voltage adjustment,
brake turn-off timing (to eliminate the brake control signal) is
also adjusted. (Refer to the “Brake Monitor Circuit’’.)
LOCK INDICATOR CIRCUIT
The Lock Indicator circuit drives the lock indicator lamp
when the motor is locked to the correct turning speed with
the constant phase difference. The circuit requires four
different input signals to drive the indicator as illustrated
-below:
10
Set to “L" at the correct Lock
turning speed.
From the level
comparator
When the motor is turning at the correct turning speed,
inputs A and B in the above figure are set to “L” and “H"
respectively. Pin-9 of IC3 set to ’L’. Meanwhile, pin-8 of IC3
accepts a square wave and the square wave causes the
output level of pin-10 to repeat ’H” and “‘L”’ alternately. As a
result, the lock indicator lamp, driven by transistor Q18, is
“dynamically” lit. Actually the lamp blinks, but the blinking
periode is so rapid and the illuminance level is so constant
that it appears as if the lamp constantly lights.
Now let us think of the input signal to pin-8 of IC3. When
the motor starts turning, an FG signal is applied to the clock
input of IC5, and a signal S-V converted from the FG signal is
applied to its reset terminal via Q11 and inverter IC7. Then
the O output of 1C5 is connected to pin-8 of IC3. The clock
input of IC5 accepts a square wave while its reset terminal
accepts a pulse signal as shown in the following timing
chart:
Input JH
Input K H
L
. H
Clock input L
Reset terminal : |
H 4 ; - : 3 ‘ e a
L
Constant
Integrated
value
period.
Output O
*
When
both
the
J
and
K
inputs
are
pulled
up
to
““H”
level,
every
clock
input
triggers
the
output
into
the
reverse
state.
Output O of IC5 is connected to pin-2 of IC3. As a result,
an inverted square wave is obtained on output pin-3 of IC3
since the other input pin-1 of IC3 is always set to “’L” in the
PLAY mode. Pin-8 of IC3 accepts the square wave via
inverter [C7 and its output pin-10 repeats ‘"H” and ‘’L” alter-
nately as described previously.
The following figure illustrates what happens if the FG sig-
nal has an trreguiar period:
Lamp drive
voltage
Integrated value (@)
FG signal (implies irregular motor rotation)
Reset pulse (with constant period)
Q output waveform
Since the period of reset pulse is not regular, the lock indicator
appears to be blinking (jock is “out’’).
©8680
Lock Indicator Operation with Irregular FG Signal

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
BRAKE MONITOR CIRCUIT
Unlike conventional brake circuit in which brake signal is
generated by a time-constant circuit, KD-600 (650)’s brake
vless
than
0.144
rps.
in
the
STOP
mode
and
also
the
turntable
platter
because
of
setting
the
reset
terminal
of
IC4
to
’H”
turned
fess
than
0.144
rps,
the
brake
signal
generator
circuit
generates
brake
signal
by
using
the
STOP
signal.
and
releases
the
brake
when
turntable
platter
rotation
is
reduced
7
IC (IC4) generates no signal.
H
Input J
L
+15V H
Input K
L
STOP (H) : H
PLAY
(L)
R178
Motor
drive
ON/OFF
Input
S
Site
control
circuit
L
v
H
1C1#9 Input R
Delay
2
Brake
circuit
L
circuit
Clock
input
H
a
ee
L
Goes “L” only on the transition H
from PLAY into STOP. Output Q i
H
IC8
#4
Output
O
fi
“H" for a turning speed more than 0.144 rps.
Transition from STOP in PLAY
<Timing
chart
of
IC4
output
on
the
transition
from
STOP
in
PLAY
>
/ This state remains unchanged when the mode is switched
from STOP into PLAY. In other words, outputs of 1C4. Q and
Q, do not change their state.
On
the
other
hand,
when
the
mode
is
switched
from
the
PLAY
into
STOP
mode,
the
brake
signal
generates.
First,
1C1
generate
STOP
signal,
but the
motor
continues
turning
because
of
the
turntable
platters
inertia.
Then
the
both
inputs
of
1C2,
NAND
gate,
go
“H’’
and
its
output
pin-4
goes
“L’
when
the
turntable
platter
rotation
is
reduced
to
0.144
rps
or
below.
The
clock
input
of
1C4
goes,
of
course,
“L”
to
“H"'
Since
IC4
is
a positive
going
edge
triggering
J-K
flip-flop
(refer
to
the
service
manual
for
the
KD-750),
its
outputs
Q
and
O
reverse
their
states
on
the
positive
going
edge
of
the
clock
input,
and
hence
the
brake
signal
generates.
The
brake
signal
goes
to
the
brake
circuit
where
it
is connected
to
input
pin-3
of
1C13.
bringing
the
turning
di-
rection
selection
circuit
into
the
reverse
mode.
The
following
figure
shows
a
timing
chart
on
the
transition
from
the
PLAY
into
STOP
mode:
Input J
H
Input
‘“R”
goes
“H”
Input K L when motor rotation
is reduced to 0.144
H
input $ ‘ rps or below. (few us)
H- Transition from PLAY
NpEt
AS
into
STOP
Clock
input
H
Delayed
by
the
time
L
constant
circuit.
Out H
es
L
Positive
going
edge
of
H
the
clock
input
Output @
L Period of brake
signal generation
Brake Signal Generation Timing Chart
Meanwhile, when motor rotation speed is lower than the
specified speed, output, pin-4 of |C8, (level comparator) goes
“L" causing the output of C2 NAND gate to go ’H”, and the
reset input of IC4 to do “H” and outputs Q and O is forced
into “L’ and “H” respectively without clock input signal. In
this case, therefore, the brake signal does not generate.
The following figure illustrates the input state of the J-K
flip-flop on the transition of brake signal issuing.
STOP input
a.
+
- Threshold level
Clock input
| ie Due to the delay circuit
:
|
Reset
signal
input
(NAND
output)
Brake output
This does not indicate level transistion
but merely the presence or absence of
the brake signal.
<When motor rotates at more than 0.144 rps. >
Reset
input
|
-
“
Clock
input
STOP input ro
’
5 a No brake signal output
<When motor rotates at below 0.144 rps. >
STOP mode. Therefore, the timing to turn off the brake
signal is determined by VR1. If VR1 is out of adjustment (the
optimum adjustment value is 265 mV d.c.}, particularily set
;
In addition, the circuit goes into the 45 rpm state in the
11

12
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
too low, the brake signal remains on when the brake is tur-
ned off, causing the motor to turn in the reverse direction.
Then the reversal prevention circuit operates to reverse the
motor rotation into the normal direction. The norma! and
reverse rotations are, thus, repeated until the proper
adjustment of VR1 is accomplished. Conversely, if VR1 is set
to too high, period of generating the brake signal is shorter
than normal condition, causing the motor not to be slow
turning.
BRAKE CIRCUIT
The brake circuit generates a control signal for input pin-3
of 1C13 by using the brake-monitor and turning direction mo-
nitor signals.
Goes "’L” when brake signal generates
eur
. reverse rotation:
“bn
Normal rotation:
Turning direction monitoring circuit To pin-3 of [C13
Input pin-12 of IC3 is connected to output O of the brake
monitor circuit. When the brake signal is generated, input
pin-12 of IC3 is set to ““L’. The other input pin-13 of IC3 is
also set to "L” since the motor rotates in the normal di-
rection. Output pin-11 of 1C3 is, therefore, set to “’H’, and is
inverted through an inverter (IC2), then connected to input
pin-3 of IC13 as an“L” level. When an “’L” level is applied to
pin-3 of IC13, the zero-cross comparator generates a reverse
command to cause a braking force to the motor rotation.
POWER INDICATOR CIRCUIT
PLAY mode @
The power indicator circuit not only drives the power
indicator lamp when the power of the turntable is turned ON,
but turns OFF the power indicator when the motor is locked
into the normal rotation.
There are four indicator lamps in the turntable. Two of
these are power indicators, and two of the reset is used to
indicate the lock indicator’s center line.
When the power of the turntable is turned ON, both
inputs, pin-1 and pin-2 of IC2, go “L’, bringing its output
pin-3 to “H”. And Q17 is turned ON while Q1 is turned
OFF. This causes the power indicator lamp to turn ON.
When the turntable is put into the PLAY mode, both
inputs, pin-1 and pin-2 of IC2, go “H” and hence its output
pin-3 goes “L", bringing Q1 to turn ON and Q18 to turn OFF.
This causes the center line for the quartz lock to illuminate
along with the LOCK indicator, indicating that the turntable is
quartz locked to the normal speed.
CONTROL CIRCUIT SWITCHING MOTOR DRIVE CIRCUIT
To power indicator circuit
The motor drive circuit controls a + 15V power supply for
the 3-differential switching transistor. Control signal for
switching Q7 is used as the signal generated on pin-9 of IC1
(for touch switches) and that coming from the brake monitor
circuit.
In the STOP mode, for instance, pin-9 of IC1 is set to ’H",
bringing pin-6 of IC3 into “L”. Pin-5 of IC3 accepts an “L”
From brake monitor circuit
To motor
drive circuit
+15V
level signal from the brake monitor circuit, and its output
pin-4 goes “HH”, causing switching transistor Q7 to turn OFF.
In the PLAY mode, pin-9 of IC1 is set to ‘“L”, which is
inverted through IC7 and an “H” level is applied to pin-6 of
IC3. Pin-5 of IC3 accepts an ’L” level signal from the brake
monitor Circuit, and its output pin-4 goes “L”, causing
transistor Q7 to turn ON.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
H
1C1 No. 9, STOP output |
L
H
1C4 No. 1, Q output | | Brake
L
signal
H
ON/OFF signal
L
Motor turns
Power supply of motor is off.
Motor drive circuit is off when all brake signal.
When turntable platter is turned at 0.144 rps on
turntable goes into the STOP mode.
H
STOP signal | {
L
H
Brake signal
Le. A Ka
STOP signal makes the turntable STOP mode as
soon as STOP signal is applied.
H
ON/OFF signal |
L
TURNING DIRECTION MONITORING
CIRCUIT
The output waveform of turning direction detecting
transistors Q12 through 014 has gentle leading and trailing
edges which are not adequate for a clock input for flip-flops.
Therefore, those outputs are coupled to a Schmitt inverter for
waveform shaping before applied to the J-K flip-flop. The sig-
nal applied to the J-K flip-flop makes its output QL” and O
“H" in the normal rotation.
Brake
circuit
Reverse
prevention
circuit
H: normal, L: reverse
J input
K input
C input
:
x=
Q output
L
x=
@ output
On the positive going edge of C Jo@® K-©
<For normal rotation >
J
input
| |
|
|
|
K
input
| | |
C
input
f
|
f
j
|
H
Q output
© output
L
J+@© K+@
<For reverse rotation >
REVERSAL PREVENTION CIRCUIT
On the positive going edge of C
When this is set to “L”,
to
a@ normal rotation brake
is applied. (C13
Turning direction monitor,
normal roration: H,
reverse rotation: L.
in the normal rotation, input, pin-8 of 1C12, accepts “H”
level, bringing the base of Q10 into ““H”. When Q10 remains
OFF with its base pulled up to an “H" level, no voltage
change occurs on input pin-3 of IC13.
In the reverse rotation, input pin-8 of 1C12 accepts an “L”
level signal, causing the base of Q10 to go “L”. This causes
Q10 to turn ON, causing input pin-3 of (C13 to go “H". This
“H” level signal couples to the zero cross comparator which
issues a normal rotation signal to cause a brake to the
reverse rotation.
13

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TURNING
DIRECTION
SELECTING
The
KD-600
(650)
uses
transistors
for
turning
direction
CIRCUIT
selecting
circuit,
while
the
KD-750
used
an
IC
for
the
circuit.
The
circuit
operation
is
identical
for
the
both
cases.
When
an
+8
+B
error
voltage
is
generated
on
the
output
pin-6
of
error
amplifier
1C13,
it
is
coupled
to
an
absolute-value
amplifier
which
feeds
a
bias
voltage
proportional
to
the
absolute
value
of
the
input
voltage
to
position
detecting
transistors
Q4
é
through
Q6.
The
output
of
these
transistors
are
coupled
to
motor
drive
transistors
Q1
through
Q3
which
supply
driving
current
to
the
motor
stator.
:
Meanwhile,
the
output
of
error
amplifier
1C13
is
also
applied
to
the
zero-crossing
comparator
which
detects
the
turning direction of the motor.
For
instance,
if
an
excessively
high
voltage
is
applied
to
input
pin-13
of
C10,
its
output
pin-14
goes
“L’’,
causing
Q8
to
turn
ON,
and
the
motor
to
rotate
in
the
normal
direction.
If
an
excessively
low
voltage
is
applied
to
input
pin-13
of
IC10,
its
output
pin-14
goes
“H”,
causing
Q9
to
turn
ON,
and
the
motor to rotate in the reverse direction.
Stater
Zerocross Normal: ©
comparator Reverse: @)
Reference voltage
Sample
and
hold
fale
Error
a
Zero
cross
rs
Turning
direct-
——
‘$-V
comparator
T
Amp.
convertor
ion
selection
| ar | and
circuit
hold P-D
converter
Stator coil
Absolute
value
amplifier
Bias oscillator
Constant
current
circuit
Turning
direction
detector
Erroneous rotation 3-differential
prevention circuit switching
Lock
indicator
<Block diagram for PLL reversible servo >
14

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
ABSOLUTE VALUE AMPLIFIER AND
CONTROL DIRECTION DETECTING
SECTION
Order to perform bi-directional motor control with a single
power supply, a neutral point must be provided for the
control voltage. At the same time, it is required to switch the
contro! directions above and below the neutral voltage.
Vec
° Absolute value amp.
\
| Rk a
\
Vout,
Vine , Turning
pe direction
Haif-rectifier 4 control
L circuit — Be + output
Zero cross
comparator
Absolute Value Amplifier and Turning Direction
Detector Circuit
Above Figure shows a half-wave rectifier circuit comprised
of a half-wave rectifier circuit and an adder circuit.
i < Positive input >
{C10 constitutes a half-wave rectifier circuit and operates
as follows:
When the potential on input pin-6 goes negative with
respect to the other input pin-5, IC10 operates as an
inverting amplifier with unity gain because of the identical
resistance of R122 and R123.
When the potential on input pin-6 is positive with
reference to pin-5, diode D3 turns ON, and a reverse bias
equivalent to the forward voltage of D2 and D3 is generated.
In this state, the potential of the amplifier’s imaginary
ground appears on the output through R122. In other
words, the output potential is equal to that of pin-6 when
input pin-6 is positive with respect to pin 5.
Therefore, the input-output characteristic of the amplifier
is expressed as shown in the following figure:
Output
VN Input
Input-out Characteristic of the Half-wave Rectifier
Circuit
The output is then coupled to pin-2 of IC10 via R121.
This 1C10 operates as an adder circuit to add the input and
output of the half-wave rectifier circuit. The adder circuit is
shown in below figure.
Isn
_—_—P
[ao Rf if = Ist + Is2 +...4+Isn
ADDER CIRCUIT
In above figure, since the current fed from point P into
the amplifier is usually negligible, we obtain the following
formula:
if = Is: + Is. Foo. + |sn (1)
The potential on point P can be regarded as almost zero
because the amplifier gain is very large and the non-inverting
input is grounded. Therefore, each current component is
expressed as follows:
Ist = Vsi/Rsi, Iso = Vs2/Rso
Isn = Vsn/Rsn, lf = —Vo/Rf
Substituting eq. (2) for eq. (1) gives the following
equation:
ge ean aie Gey see a hiedel +s)
Rsi Rs2 Rsn
The above equation indicates that an output proportional
to the reciprocals of Rsy, Rsz, ....... Rsn can be obtained. In
the half wave rectifier circuit, input resistance R120 is
68K-ohms, and output resistance R121 is 22K-ohms.
Therefore, the reciprocal ratio of these resistors is 1: 3,
which is illustrated as below figure.
15

16
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Output
Zerocross comparator output
VN
Error amplifier output
Adder input
We have !ooked into the individual circuit operations of the
KD-600 (650) turntable. Now let us discuss the overall
operation of the turntable by following the signal flow.
STOP MODE
When the power of the turntable is turned ON, the initia-
lizing circuit in 1C1 puts the turntable into the STOP mode.
Also, voltages appear on pins 5 and 9 of IC1. The voltage
appearing on pin-9 is used to control the logic circuits, and
that appearing on pins 5 is used to drive the lock indicator
and to change the PLL reference voltage respectively.
The “‘H” level output from pin-9 of IC1 goes into the lock
indicator circuit where it is applied to input pin-1 of IC3. The
output of IC3 thus goes “L” regardless of its other input
state. This output is then inverted by IC7 into ‘‘H” and
coupled to input pin-8 of IC3. Output pin-10 of IC3 thus
goes “L” regardless of the state of pin-9. This ‘L” level
output of IC3 turns off transistor Q18 for lock indicator
switching, leaving the lamp turned off.
Another ‘“H™ level output from IC 1 goes into the brake mo-
nitor Circuit (which generates a brake signal on the transition
from PLAY into STOP) where it is applied to input pin-5 of
IC2. The other input pin-6 of IC2 is set to “L” since the input
Output
VN
Absolute value amplfier input
Motor drive current
VN
Adder output
to 5-step level comparator IC8 is applied high voltage.
Output pin-4 of 1C2 goes “'H", bringing the reset terminal of
IC4 into “H’’. Meanwhile, the J and K inputs of IC4 are pul-
led up to “H’’ (+15V) and its set terminal is always “L”.
Therefore, the output state of IC4 is determined by its clock
and reset inputs. In the STOP mode, output Q is set to “L”
while Q is set to “H”. Output Q is connected to input pin-5
of IC3 located in the motor drive ON/OFF control circuit.
The other input pin-6 of 1C3 accepts the STOP signal from
IC1 as inverted into an “L” level signal by |C7. Output pin-4
of IC3 is then set to “H’, turning off motor drive ON/OFF
control transistor Q7, and thus inhibiting the +15V power
supply to position detecting transistors Q4 through Q6.
When the motor remains stationary, outputs 2 and 3 of
IC8 are set to “L”. The pin-2 output of [C8 is connected to
input pin-8 of 1C2 as inverted into ‘“H” by inverter IC7.
Meanwhile, the pin-3 output of IC8 is applied to input 9 of
1C2, of which output pin-10 is set to ‘‘H"” and connected to
the lock indicator and power indicator circuits.
In the lock indicator circuit, the signal is applied to pin-9 of
IC3, bringing its output 10 into “L”, and thus turning OFF
Q18, as mentioned previously, to inhibit the lock indicator to
turn OFF. In the power indicator circuit, an “’L’’ level signal is

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
applied to input pin-1 of IC2 via inverter IC7. Since the other
input pin-2 of 1C2 accepts an ‘’L” level signal from the motor
drive ON/OFF control circuit, output pin-3 of IC2 goes “H”,
thus turning Q17 ON. The power indicator lamp connected
to the Q17’s collector is thus turned ON.
On the contrary, Q1 is turned OFF. This lamp is used to
indicate the center line for the lock indicator. IC 1’s outputs 5
and 6 are connected to the operational amplifier which
creates the reference voltage. Detailed descriptions for this
section will be given in later paragraph. The voltages from
IC1’s outputs 5 and 6 are used to select dividing ratio of
frequency divider 1C9 which divides the frequency from the
master crystal oscillator by 1/27 and 1/20 for 33 rpm and
45 rpm respectively.
TRANSITION FROM STOP MODE INTO
33-1/33 rpm
When the 33 rpm touch switch is touched, a small current
passes through the switch and causes a voltage to generate
on pin-13 of IC1. This makes the LED indicating the 33
rpm” to light up. On the other hand, pin-9 of 1C1, which has
been “H” during the STOP mode, goes into ““L’’. Similarily,
pins 5 and 6 also go into ’L” level. The voltages on pins 5
and 6 are applied to pin-12 of ICQ after divided by resistors
and set the dividing ratio programmed in the program
counter into 1/27 for 33 rpm. In the lock indicator circuit,
IC3's pin-1 transits into ““L” due to the transition of IC1. The
other input 2 of IC3 accepts a square wave corresponding to
the turntable platter rotation. Therefore, IC3’s output pin-3
feeds out a square wave reverse, in its polarity, to the input
square wave. This output square wave is coupied to IC3’s
input 8. The other input 9 of IC3 goes “L” when the motor
reaches the specified turning speed. Therefore, a reversed
square wave is obtained on output 10 of IC3. The output
square wave from pin-10 is connected to Q18’'s base, turning
it ON and OFF repeatedly. The lock indicator lamp goes on
and off at the frequency corresponding to the switching
frequency of Q18, but it appears as if continuously illumi-
nating since the driving signal’s period and level are
constant. The same token can be applied to the case of 45
rpm.
in the brake monitor circuit, the “L” level signal is applied
to [C2’'s input 5. Since the other input 6 of 1C2 goes “H”
when the motor reaches the specified turning speed, output
4 of iC2 goes ‘‘H” and applies to the reset terminal of !C4.
When the reset terminal of IC4 is set to “H", its outputs Q
and Qare setto “L” and’’H’' respectively. Output Q of IC4 is
coupled to IC3’s input 5 in the motor drive ON/OFF control
circuit. The other input 6 of IC3 accepts an “H” level signal
which is supplied from IC 1’s pin-9 via invertet IC7. Output 4
of IC3 thus goes “’L”, turning transistor Q7 ON and causing a
Current passing through the position detecting transistors.
While the motor is turning, a signal (FG signal) cor-
responding to the turning speed is generated from the
motor. Since the voltage of this FG signal is too low and its
leading edge is too duall, it must sustain a waveform shaping
through inverter IC6 and J-K flip-flop |C5. The FG signal
applied to the half clock input of the J-K FF is obtained on its
output O because its J and K inputs are pulled up to ‘’H” and
reset terminal is set to “L”. The output Q of the J-K FF is
coupled to the lock indicator circuit and PLL ICQ.
In the lock indicator circuit, the FG signal goes to IC5 and
read into the IC, and the output of IC is reset in accordance
with the reset signal coming from IC9. Output O of ICS,
which is coupled to IC3’s input 2, goes “H” and “L”
repeatedly according to the reset and clock inputs. In other
words, output O feeds out a square wave which has, as
mentioned previously, a constant period.
The FG signal, after coupled to IC9, branches into the S-V
output and P-D output. The S-V output goes to the adder
and the 5-step level comparator. By the 5-step level compa-
rator, the S-V signal is converted into a digital signal and
makes its Output terminal 2 “L’’ and 3 and 4 “H". Since
1C8’s pin-3 is set to "H", output 10 of IC2 in the speed mo-
nitor circuit goes ’L". This ““L” level signal does to ICQ in the
lock indicator circuit and causes to blink the lock indicator
lamp.
Meanwhile, IC2’s output 10 is coupled to the power
indicator circuit where it turns Q17 off and Q1 on. The
voltage appearing on pins 5 and 6 of IC1 is used to change
the reference voltage for the PLL and lock indicator. It goes
“L’™ in the 33 rom mode, and is coupled to IC12's inputs 2
and 6. The output voltage caused by the input 2 of IC12 is
applied to 1C13’s input 2 and short the resistor for generating
reference voltages, the reference voltage is used for the PLL.
1C13’s input 3 accepts error voltages from the S-V and P-D
and amplifies them before feeding them out to absolute value
amplifier 1C10 and the comparator.
When the input voltage to 1C13’s input 3 defers from the
reference voltage applied to input 2 of the same IC, the
difference is amplified ‘and coupled to the absolute value
amplifier and comparator on the next stage.
If the difference is positive, an amplified difference voltage
directly appears on IC 13's output 6. The output of the abso-
lute value amplifier turns O4 through Q6 ON orderly, causing
the motor to rotate at a higher speed.
Also, when a positive voltage is applied to the compa-
rator’s input 13. its output 14 feeds out a negative voltage,
turning Q8 ON, and causing the turning direction switching
circuit to go into the normal turning mode. In other words,
when a voltage higher than the reference voltage is applied
to 1C13’s input 3, the motor rotates in the normal direction at
a higher speed.
Meanwhile, when a voltage lower than the reference
voltage is applied to 1C13’s input 3, the absolute value
amplifier causes the motor to turn at a speed proportional to
the difference voltage regardless of the polarity of the
difference voltage. On the other hand, since the polarity of
the voltage applied to 1C10's input 13 is reversed, a reversal
force is exercised to the motor. In other words, when a
voltage lower than the reference voltage is applied to!C13.a
reversal signal is issued, causing a braking force to the
motor.

18
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
45 rpm
Since the logic operations are based on the status
difference between the STOP and PLAY modes, those for the
45 rpm are almost the same as those for the 33 rpm, except
that the voltage to the comparator IC 13 is different from that
for the 33 rpm.
TRANSITION FROM THE PLAY MODE INTO
THE STOP MODE
When the STOP switch is touched, the output of IC1 goes
into the STOP mode. (Refer to the description of the STOP
mode.) Before the motor drive circuit goes into the STOP
mode, the logic circuit issues a brake signal. Input 5 of 1C2
in the brake monitor circuit goes ““H” immediately after the
STOP switch is activated, while the other input 6 of |C2 goes
“H". (This “H" level is retained until the motor rotation
reaches 0.144 rps or less). IC2’s output 4 and its reset
terminal go ‘’L’. Since IC4's clock input accepts a positive
going signal, its outputs Q and O reverse their states,
applying a brake signal to the brake circuit. Input 12 of IC3
in the brake circuit accepts the brake signal (H — L) from
iC4’s O. The output of the brake circuit goes “L”, and is
added to 1C13's input 3. It is then reversed in its polarity and
causes braking to the motor.
——
REVERSAL PREVENTION
The KD-600 (650) turntable is equipped with a reversal
prevention circuit. While the motor is rotating, the turning di-
rection monitoring circuit always monitors the motor’s tur-
ning direction. When the turntable platter is manually
rotated in the reverse direction before put into the PLAY
mode, IC4 in the turning direction monitor circuit issues a
reversal signal. Output Q of IC4 is coupled to the brake
circuit, and pulls up 1C13’s input 3 toward positive, switching
the turning direction switching circuit into the normal mode
and applying the normal-direction brake to the motor. When
the normal rotation is restored less than 0.144 rps, the turn-
table platter becomes in STOP condition because of setting
the reset terminal of IC4 to “H” and of turning off Q7. Out-
put Q is coupled to Q10 vis two inverters. When the motor
rotation is in the normal direction, Q10’s base accepts an
“H" level output from ©, and Q10 turns OFF. Therefore, no
normal turning signal is issued. When the motor rotation is in
the reverse direction, output Q goes “L”, turning Q10 ON.
1C13's input 3 then goes "H", bringing comparator 1C10’s
output 14 into "H". This causes a normal turning brake to
restore the motor rotation into the normal direction.
to the tuning dindos
: | 4 z Die
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Display
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Tuning
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Display
Out
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Rie Raw Raw
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R
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from “HITACH! LINEAR IC’S FOR ACOUSTIC EQUIPMENT”
<SAS560S Internal Schematic Diagram >

|
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
a ®: 33 rpm +15V
Voltage is generated when Voltage is generated when 7 ©: STOP or 45 rpm a
turntable
is
in
45
rpm.
turntable
is
in
STOP.
+H15V
ie
tee
te
Motor
switching
signal
detector
|
c
y
+15V
‘
|
aes
i
aa!
ee
4
VR3
2
|
|
|
>.
7
ees
Fal
6
Comparator
|
|
+15V
stor
|
3
=
las
2
Q7
|
Ek : i e : Cy tv | |
b
Half
rectifier
Sensor}
QQ~6
—
=
Nib
eee
S
ae
rpm
|
Cc}
Voltage
is
generated
when
|
4
Y
i
Absolute
value
amp.
au
oO
ly
|
ly’
|
turntable
is
in
33
rpm.
|
Cf
|
AS DS stater | @: STOP | LN
33-1/3
rpm
——
{D:
Motor
drive
Q
|
High
voltage
13
|
12~14
|
(turning
speed
is
low)
Peel
14
:
XK)
{K)
XK)
|
|
Low
voltage
y
Neer
ee
ars
45
indicator
KI
(Kk)
@:
STOP
or
45
rpm
turning
speed
is
high
YS
Qo
XS
Qs
Ss
Qin3
Pp
©:
33
rpm
Zero
cross
@:
reverse
turn,
,
,
,
Tee
comparator
©:
normal
turn
Ar
rd,
eh
Indicator
lamp
drive
33-1/3
indicator
|
Ciel
ae
a
er
PS)
Turning
direction
switching
,-a-ooo
NN
7
Cy
!
4
Speed monitor
L—__
ce
ore!
(SS
SS
SS
Power
indicator
4
|
aS
oo
aa
aa
ala
Sa
©
a indicator
H: STOP
Power lamp
L:
PLAY
i
pay
.
“@
5
step
level
K)
Qis
comparator
indicator
:
Motor drive SSS ———/
control circuit
Low
pass
:
fe
ge
ee
;
filter
ee
ey,
<p.)
:
Reverse
turn
Brake
(©: Normal turn
©: Corrective turn
Corrective turn
Reset signal
Period of time
(33 rpm)
(45 rpm)
10 STAGE PROGRAM COUNTER
GENERATOR
O
S-V output
oO
TIMING
S-V/P-D
differential :
voltage of
phase -
®: Reverse-turning brake
brake
©: Normal-turning
brake
é
Nt
as
a
ee
—s
———/
W:
Normal
turn
n
Reversal
prevention
circuit
(:
Reverse
turn
6
|
;
|
IC
No.
|
a
Turning
direction
Terminat
No.
+B
Ne
ee
LY
Monitoring
circuit
P-D output
19

MECHANISM DISASSEMBLY FOR REPAIR
ASSEMBLING THE TONE ARM UNIT
:
rt
th
i
f
‘y
(herei
r
referred
‘
:
:
1
Nee
t
the
slide
shaft
ass'y
(hereinafte
to
as
Secure the
height-adjust
lever.
slide
shaft’)
into
the
arm
base.
Pushbutton
2.
Align
the
curve
of
the
fixing
cam
with
the
edge
of
the
Pavia
@
Unscrew
slide
shaft.
Height
adjust
cam
ass’y
SN
Note:
:
The
slanted
section
of
the
fixing
cam
should
be
Check
for
proper
positioned
as
shown
in
the
illustration
below.
(
contact
3.
With
the
adjust
bolt
fitted
in
place,
engage
the
slide
cam
:
ith
the
fixi
Pushbutton
mounting
with
the
fixing
cam.
hardware
Note:
Screw
the
adjust
bolt
into
the
slide
cam
so
that
the
Height-adjust
lever
:
:
:
,
(DOWN
position)
slanted
section
of
the
slide
cam
is
engaged
with
the
‘i
fixing
cam.
Shield Plate
4.
Mount
the
fixing
lever.
Hex.
wrench
@unscrew
5.
With
the
fixing
lever
set
in
full
UP
position,
secure
the
Ounscrew
¢
Shield
case
lever
making
sure
that
the
adjust-bolt
setscrew
is
in
the
sats
sbi
|
UP
position.
Fixing
lever
type
eininel
anne”
(FREE
position)
.
‘
Note:
é
Unscrew
‘
<Positions
of Height-Adj
Unsolder*
The
fixing
lever
should
be
locked
securely
at
the
center
eight-Adjust
Lever
and
Cam
>
:
position.
©
Height
adjust
cam
ass‘y
qT)
Fixi
*
@
Fixing
sem
*QObserve
the
position
of
the
slanted section.
Slide
cam
|
Adjust
bolt*
*The
adjust
bolt
has
two
holes.
@
Setscrew
Use
either
one,
whichever
permits
Insert
the
slide
shaft
to
Adjust
bolt
Tonearm
ee
Ofixing
ht
at
Setscrew
must
slide
lever. ms
in
both
directions
along
i
Polyslider-washer
th
h
of
:
.
,
the
poten
the
Slide
Shaft
Ass’y
Fixing
lever
(UP
side)
me
O
Height
adhust
lever
Z
Setscrew
@sscew
Turntable
case
Ne
D+
Height-adjust
gear
<
Positi
f
Fixi
L
d
Adjust
Bolt>
all
When
loosening
the
setscrew
ositions
of
Fixing
Lever
an
jus
fe]
*Thi
hould
=
?
of
the
height
adjusting
gear,
be
tightened
sal
[>
@
Height-adjust
gear
Tonearm
Ass'y
set
the
setscrew
to
the
recessed
loosely.
a
tonearm
base
with
the
height
6.
Loosen
the
fixing
lever
inthe
UP
directionandlowerthe
==
=
=
8&4,
adjusting
lever.
slide
shaft
until
the
height-adjust
gear
is
fitted
in
place.
Insure
that
the
setscrew
of
the
height-adjust
gear
is
Tonearm
ass’y.
sRONGaE
Mn
DBSaa
Sy:
positioned
in
the
notch
of
the
arm
base.
7.
Tighten
the
setscrew
while
making
sure
that
it
is
fitted
in
20
the groove of the slide shaft.
8. Lower the slide shaft to the extreme DOWN position.
Then set the height-adjust can ass’‘y as illustrated below.
Lower edge
@ Lower the arm of arm base
| base until it
Note:
' ;
rae
Align
the
setscrew
Slid
engages
the
Do
not
tighten
the
setscrew
excessively,
as
it
will
cause
with
the
groove
of
Saat
height-adjust
34mm
+
3mm
the slide shaft 7 gear.
the slide shaft to fail to move up and down. After
tightening the screw, loosen it about one turn. This
screw should be locked with adhesive cement.
h ~ Align with the groove,
of Tonearm base. Upper edge of
slide shaft ass’y
The slide shaft moves +3 mm by
the height-adjust lever.
< Assembly of Tonearm >
This disassembly procedure
Before disassembly, remove
is for KD650. the screws fixing the bottom
board.
Tonearm base
Caution:
When disassembling slide shaft ass‘'y and so on, don’t missing the parts.