Kodak ESP Office 2100 Series User manual

KODAK 2100 Intraoral
X-ray System
User’s Manual

This document is originally written in English.
Manual Name: KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System, User Guide
Document code: SM700
Revision Number: Rev 3
Printed Date: 9/2007
The brand names and logos reproduced in this guide are copyright.
KODAK is a trademark of KODAK used under License.
RVG, Trophy, are registered trademarks of Carestream Health, Inc. All other names
or products referred to in this document are used only for the purpose of
identification and maybe the trademarks or the registered trademarks of their
respective owners.The RVG technology is the subject of and international patent
registered by Carestream Health, Inc.

iii
Table of Contents
1 Safety and Regulatory Information
Conventions Used in This Manual............................................................................................................1-1
General Safety Guidelines.........................................................................................................................1-1
Warnings and Safety Instructions .............................................................................................................1-2
Labeling Summary....................................................................................................................................1-4
IEC Symbols Used....................................................................................................................................1-5
Regulatory Information.............................................................................................................................1-5
CE Conformity....................................................................................................................................1-5
U.S. Regulations..................................................................................................................................1-5
2 System Overview
Components...............................................................................................................................................2-1
Ceiling-mounted Unit (Optional)..............................................................................................................2-3
Mounted on Mobile Stand (Optional).......................................................................................................2-4
Floor-mounted Unit (Optional).................................................................................................................2-5
Control Timer Unit....................................................................................................................................2-6
3 Using the System
Positioning.................................................................................................................................................3-1
Positioning the patient.........................................................................................................................3-1
Positioning the x-ray generator ...........................................................................................................3-1
Positioning the imaging receptor.........................................................................................................3-2
Exposure....................................................................................................................................................3-2
Exposure parameters ...........................................................................................................................3-2
Procedure.............................................................................................................................................3-3
Processing .................................................................................................................................................3-3
Additional Features...................................................................................................................................3-4
4 User Mode
Entering User Mode..................................................................................................................................4-1
Changing Parameters.................................................................................................................................4-1
Exiting User Mode....................................................................................................................................4-1
5 Care and Maintenance
General Maintenance.................................................................................................................................5-1
Cleaning...............................................................................................................................................5-2
Disinfecting.........................................................................................................................................5-2
Error messages ..........................................................................................................................................5-2
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................................5-4

iv
Table of Contents
6 Specifications
According to IEC Standard 601-2-7.........................................................................................................6-1
Manufacturer.......................................................................................................................................6-1
X-ray Generator........................................................................................................................................6-3
Equipped X-ray Generator........................................................................................................................6-4
Position of Identification Labels...............................................................................................................6-6
Tables of Exposure Times ........................................................................................................................6-7
Emitted Doses.........................................................................................................................................6-14

9/2007 SM700_K2100_03_en 1-1
Note
1 Safety and Regulatory Information
The information contained in this manual is based on the experience and
knowledge relating to the subject matter gained by Carestream Health Inc.
prior to publication. No patent license is granted by this information.
Carestream Health Inc. reserves the right to change this information without
notice, and makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to this
information. Carestream Health Inc. shall not be liable for any loss or
damage, including consequential or special damages, resulting from any use
of this information, even if loss or damage is caused by Carestream Health
Inc. negligence or other fault.
Conventions Used in This Manual
CAUTION:
Caution points out procedures that you must follow precisely to avoid
damage to the system or any of its components, yourself or others, loss
of data, or corruption of files in software applications.
Notes provide additional information, such
as expanded explanations, hints, or
reminders.
Important
Important highlights critical policy
information that affects how you use this
manual and this product.
General Safety Guidelines
• This product is designed and manufactured to ensure maximum safety
of operation. Operate and maintain it in strict compliance with the safety
precautions and operating instructions contained in this manual.
• This product meets all the safety requirements applicable to medical
equipment. However, anyone attempting to operate the system must be
fully aware of potential safety hazards.
• There are no user serviceable parts in this system. The product must be
installed, maintained, and serviced by qualified service personnel
according to procedures and preventive maintenance schedules in the
product service manual. If your product does not operate as expected,
contact your Service Representative.
• Do not modify this product in whole or in part without prior written
approval from Carestream Health Inc.
• The assembly, extensions, adjustments, modifications, and repairs must
be performed by an authorized Service Representative. Your radiology
system must be installed in premises that comply with applicable
standards.
• Personnel operating and maintaining this system should receive training
and be familiar with all aspects of operation and maintenance.

1-2 SM700_K2100_03_en 9/2007
• To ensure safety, read all user manuals carefully before using the system
and observe all Caution, Important, and Note callouts located
throughout the manual.
• Keep this manual with the equipment.
• Reading this manual does not qualify you to operate, test, or calibrate
this system.
• Unauthorized personnel are not allowed access to the system.
• If the product does not operate properly or fails to respond to the
controls as described in this manual:
– Follow the safety precautions as specified in this manual.
– Stop using the equipment and do not make or authorize any changes
to it.
– Immediately contact your Service Representative, report the problem,
and await further instructions.
• X-ray systems manufactured by Carestream Health Inc. comply with
safety standards throughout the world for optimum protection against
radiation risks.
• Be aware of the product specifications and of system accuracy and
stability limitations. Consider these limitations before making any
decision based on quantitative values. If you have any doubts, consult
your Sales Representative.
CAUTION:
X-rays can be dangerous if used incorrectly. Take precautions even when
following the instructions in this manual.
Use conventional commercially available equipment to protect yourself
and your patients against scattered radiation risks.
• If you fail to comply with these instructions, Carestream Health Inc. will
not be responsible for the safety reliability, and characteristics of the
equipment.
Warnings and Safety Instructions
CAUTION:
Do not operate the equipment in the presence of explosive liquids,
vapors, or gases. Do not plug in or turn on the system if hazardous
substances are detected in the environment. If these substances are
detected after the system has been turned on, do not attempt to turn off
the unit or unplug it. Evacuate and ventilate the area before turning off
the system.
DANGER: THIS IS AN ELECTRICAL UNIT. DO NOT EXPOSE IT
TO WATER SPRAY. SUCH ACTION MAY CAUSE AN
ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR A MALFUNCTION OF THE
UNIT.

9/2007 SM700_K2100_03_en 1-3
WARNING
The user is responsible for the operation and maintenance of this unit.
This unit must only be operated by legally qualified persons.
The cover of the unit must not be opened by the operator.
Inspection and maintenance operations should only be carried out by an
approved technician.
WARNING
This unit must be installed in an x-ray room that complies with current
installation standards. From this location, visual or audio communication
must be maintained with the patient, together with access to the control
interface during exposure.
WARNING
Do not operate the unit if there is the threat of an earthquake.
Following an earthquake, ensure that the unit is operating properly before
using it again.
Failure to observe this precaution may expose patients to hazards.
WARNING
X-ray equipment can be hazardous to patients and the operator if the
exposure safety factors and operating instructions are not observed.
WARNING
Do not place objects within the field of operation of the unit.
WARNING
We recommend that the patient and the operator wear protective lead-lined
aprons, unless other Radiation Protection Protocols apply locally.
Ensure that any parts of the unit that may come into contact with the patient
and the operator have been disinfected after each patient has been exposed to
x-rays.
If the unit develops a fault, turn it off (O) and display a sign that states “Out
of Service.”
WARNING
The operator must ask the patient to refrain from moving during the entire
period of exposure.
In the European Union, this symbol indicates that
when the last user wishes to discard this product,
it must be sent to appropriate facilities for
recovery and recycling.
Contact your local sales representative for
additional information on the collection and
recovery programs available for this product.

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Labeling Summary Safety Labels
CHASSIS GROUND STUD
ATTENTION: CONSULT ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS
CAUTION: IONIZING RADIATION

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IEC Symbols Used The system may have labels with one or more of the following symbols.
These symbols indicate the IEC standards to which the system conforms.
Caution — consult accompanying documents
Protective earth
Power ON
Power OFF
Regulatory Information
The product conforms to the following safety standards: IEC/EN 60 601-1
Medical Electrical Equipment General Requirements for Safety, IEC/EN 60
601-2 Medical Electrical Equipment Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
Requirements and Tests.
CE Conformity This product conforms to the requirements of EU Council Directive
93/42/EEC. The Kodak intraoral x-ray system is a Class II b medical device,
which bears the following mark of conformity: .
U.S. Regulations
CAUTION:
U.S federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a
dentist.

9/2007 SM700_K2100_03_en 2-1
2 System Overview
Components
Figure 1. KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System
a. High-frequency x-ray generator
• Transformer and associated electronics, and an oil-bathed x-ray tube
• Beam-limiting device
• Radiation diameter – 6 cm (2 3/8 in.)
•
Distance from x-ray tube focal spot to skin – 20 cm
(7 7/8 in.
)
• Handle to facilitate positioning
b. Wall framework
• Contains the high-frequency generator’s control electronics designed to
support its mechanical stand
c. Control timer unit
• Selection of exposure times
• Self-test of the microprocessor each time the unit is activated
• Alarm during incorrect operation
• Digital icon that reduces the exposure time range if you are using a
Kodak RVG sensor
a
b
d
f
c
e

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d. Scissor arm
• Allow you to position the generator precisely and easily
• Wall-mounted with a choice of extensions
Figure 2. Side view of KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System
e. On/off switch
• Contains built-in light
f. Rectangular collimator (optional)
• Different sizes adapted to films and RVG sensors
Additional options
• Separate exposure switch (if the control panel is attached to the wall
framework)
• Ceiling-mounted unit
• Floor-mounted unit
• Unit mounted on mobile stand
Table 3. Types of Scissor Arms
Extension R Span A
CG 645 47.0 cm
(18.5 in.) 170.0 cm (66 15/16 in.)
CG 646 64.8 cm
(25.5 in.) 188.0 cm (74 in.)
CG 648 82.5 cm
(32.5 in.) 205.0 cm (80 11/16 in.)

9/2007 SM700_K2100_03_en 2-3
Ceiling-mounted Unit
Figure 4. KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System ceiling-mounted unit
a. High-frequency x-ray generator
b. Ceiling-mounted unit containing the high-frequency x-ray
generator’s control electronics
c. Separate timer/control unit for the x-ray generator
d. Scissor arm
e. On/off switch with built-in light
f. Rectangular collimator
b
a
e
f
c
d

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Mounted on Mobile Stand (Optional)
Figure 5. KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System mounted on mobile
stand
a. High-frequency x-ray generator
b. Mobile stand containing the high-frequency x-ray generator’s
control electronics
c. Timer/control unit for the x-ray generator
d. Scissor arm
e. On/off switch with built-in light
f. Rectangular collimator
g. Handle
h. Foot brake
c
a
b
d
f
g
h
e

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Floor-mounted Unit (Optional)
Figure 6. KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System floor-mounted unit
a. High-frequency x-ray generator
b. Floor column containing the high-frequency x-ray generator’s
control electronics
c. Timer/control unit for the x-ray generator
d. Scissor arm
e. On/off switch with built-in light
f. Rectangular collimator
g. Extension arm
d
f
g
b
ea
c

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Control Timer Unit
Figure 7. KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System control timer unit
a. Display
b. “Warning, see accompanying documents” sign
c. Exposure time selection
d. Emitting dose calculation
e. Digital mode function
f. Ready mode
g. X-ray emission control light
h. X-ray exposure button
i. Selection knob
• Rotate the knob to select exposure time
• Press knob quickly to display the latest measure dose emitted
• Press and hold knob to switch from film to digital exposure time
frame
ac
d
e
b
i
h
f
g

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3 Using the System
Every dental specialist would like to produce high-quality intraoral
radiographs that reveal maximum detail with the minimum dose to the
patient, show teeth and anatomic structures accurately with a minimum of
distortion or magnification, and have optimal density and contrast to
maximize their use for the detection of dental diseases.
To obtain high-quality intraoral radiography with maximum details, take
extra care in all three steps of the radiography process: positioning the
patient, the x-ray generator, and the imaging system; exposing the film or the
sensor; and processing the film.
Positioning
Positioning the patient Seat the patient with the sagittal plane vertical.
• For radiography of the upper maxillary, the Frankfort plane (nose-ear
plane) must be horizontal
• For radiography of the lower maxillary, the occlusal plane must be
horizontal
Figure 8. Patient positioning
Positioning the x-ray generator
The scissor arm allows you to accurately position the generator for any type
of exposure. The beam-limiting device maintains a distance of at least 20 cm
(8 in.) between the focal spot and the skin, which allows you to use either the
paralleling technique or the bisecting technique.
Paralleling technique
The positioning tool used in the paralleling technique allows you to align the
beam and the receptor. An adapted collimator reduces the dosage by limiting
surface exposure.
Bisecting technique
When using the bisecting technique, do not use a rectangular collimator. This
limits the risk of misaligning the x-ray beam and the image receptor.

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Figure 9. Paralleling technique (left) and Bisecting technique (right)
Positioning the imaging receptor
Using the KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System, you may create an x-ray
image on one of three different types of imaging receptors:
• Conventional silver halide films, such as KODAK INSIGHT or
KODAK ULTRA-SPEED dental films
• Digital sensors, such as KODAK RVG sensor
• Phosphor plate
Properly placing the receptor is critical. Check your dental radiography text
for information about proper placement of the imaging receptor.
Improperly positioning the film or sensor results in errors on the radiograph,
such as distorted teeth and roots, elongation, magnification, and/or
overlapping contacts. The paralleling technique generally reduces the risk of
such errors. However, if you improperly position the system, angulation
errors can occur (angulation of the receptor to the tooth itself).
If the exit pattern of the beam is not aligned with the imaging receptor, then
part of the radiograph will not be exposed to radiation and the final
radiograph will have some clear (unexposed) areas. This defect is called
“cone cuts”.
The imaging receptor is marked to indicate the tube side. If the orientation is
not correct, the resulting radiograph is lighter and may show artifacts, such as
foil pattern or sensor cable.
Exposure
Exposure parameters Because each receptor (film, digital sensor, or phosphor plate) has its own
sensitivity to x-ray radiation, the choice of receptor affects the exposure
parameters. For instance, sensitivity class for conventional dental films is
characterized with a letter D, E, or F where F is more sensitive than E, and E
more sensitive than D. Consequently, the required dose for the correct
exposure goes down with each increase in sensitivity.
Tables with recommended exposure times are found in Section 6. The
exposure times are based on manufacturers’ recommendations. The table
should be considered as a guideline; adjust to accommodate your conditions.
Adjust the exposure time range based on the type of receptor you use, film or
digital. To change the mode, press and hold the selection knob at least
3 seconds. Then turn the selection knob to set the exposure time.

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Procedure
1. Turn on the system.
The on/off button and Ready indicator light up.
2. Select the exposure mode (digital or film) by pressing and holding the
selection knob at least 3 seconds until the mode changes.1
The digital mode has shortened exposure times to prevent overexposure
of the digital sensor. When you select digital exposure, the digital
indicator lights up.
3. Select the exposure time by turning the selection knob.
Exposure tables are available in Section 6 of this manual. Additional
tables are provided to hang close to your control timer unit.
• For conventional use, the exposure time range goes from 0.05 to
1.25 sec.
• For digital use, the exposure time range goes from 0.010 to 0.063 sec.
4. Acquire the image.
a. Press the x-ray exposure button on the control timer unit.
The x-ray emission indicator lights up and an audible signal is
emitted.
b. Keep pressing until the x-ray emission light goes out and the audible
signal stops.
CAUTION:
If you stop pressing the control key before the exposure ends, a
manipulator alarm is activated. It indicates that the x-ray emission was
interrupted prematurely and that there is a risk of underexposure.
5. Read the emitted dose.
Quickly press the selection knob. The “mGy” indicator lights up and the
dose in mGy is displayed. Section 6 provides a table with emitted
dosage based on exposure times.
Processing When using conventional film, process the film according to manufacturer’s
instructions. Develop the film under safelight conditions in an automatic
processor or manually.
If you use an automatic processor, refer to the processor’s manual. Be sure to
maintain the mechanically and keep the solutions replenished.
If you develop film manually, follow precisely the manufacturer’s
recommendations
for solution preparation, development time, and solution
temperature. Any deviation from the manufacturer’s recommendations (such
as a solution that is too concentrated or diluted, too hot or cold, or if film is
processed for the wrong amount of time), will adversely affect the quality of
the final radiograph.
1. This function may be disabled, depending on local regulations. See Section 4,
User Mode.

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Additional Features • KODAK 2100 Intraoral X-ray System uses a high-frequency technology
that has several advantages:
– Shorter exposure times, reducing the risk of blur due to movement of
the patient or film during exposure
– Reduction in x-ray dose to patients because the KODAK 2100
System emits fewer soft rays absorbed by patients that do not
contribute to the radiological picture
• A thermal safety system prevents the generator from overheating in case
of intensive use. This system can prohibit any exposure as long as the
generator did not cooled down: I01 error message appears on the display
unit and an audible signal is emitted until the cooling period is over.
CAUTION:
Do not turn off the system. If you turn off power, the microprocessor
does not calculate the cooling time, and for safety reasons considers that
the system has not gone into the cooling cycle.
• While the exposure is taken, the exposure time counts off on the control
unit display.
If the exposure is interrupted (such as by releasing the key), the audible
and visible manipulator alarm is activated and the remaining exposure
time is displayed. This information makes it easier to decide whether to
develop the film or to start another exposure. (If the remaining time is
short, you may develop the film.)
To stop the manipulator alarm, press the selection knob.
• A self-test automatically activates when you turn on the unit.
The self-test checks the display and alarm lights and all the systems.
If the self-test detects a problem, an error code is displayed.
When the test is completed, a short beep sounds and the display shows
the firmware version and the total number of exposures (divided by 10)
taken by this unit since it was installed.