Megger PFL22M1500 Series User manual

AVTMPFL22M
Rev 1
April 2011
User Guide
PFL22M1500
PFL22M1500INV
Megger Portable Cable Fault Locator
HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
Read this entire manual before operating.
M
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
U.S.A.
610-676-8500
www.megger.com

PFL22M1500-XX
PFL22M1500INV-XX
(XX is used to indicate Language specific model)
Megger Portable Cable Fault Locator

Copyright© 2011 by Megger. All rights reserved.
The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the product.
The products described herein should not be used for purposes other than as specified herein.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.

WARRANTY
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one
year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option, defective
equipment. Equipment returned for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured. Contact your local
MEGGER representative for instructions and a return authorization (RA) number. Please indicate all
pertinent information, including problem symptoms. Also specify the serial number and the catalog number
of the unit. This warranty does not include batteries, lamps or other expendable items, where the original
manufacturer’s warranty shall apply. We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of abuse
(failure to follow recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific
maintenance as indicated in this manual.
Local Megger Offices
Australia Canada France
Megger Pty Limited
Unit 1, 11-21 Underwood Road
Homebush
NSW 2140
T: [phone]
F:[phone]
110 Milner Avenue Unit 1
Scarborough Ontario
M1S 3R2 Canada
T: 1 416 298 6770
F: 416 298 0848
23 rue Eugène Henaff
ZA du Buisson de la Couldre
78190 TRAPPES
T: 01 30 16 08 90
F: 01 34 61 23 77
Germany India Kingdom of Bahrain
Megger GmbH
Obere Zeil 2
61440 Oberursel
Deutschland
T: 06171-92987-0
F: 06171-92987-19
Megger (India) Pvt Limited
501 Crystal Paradise Mall
Off. Veera Desai Road
Andheri (W)
Mumbai 400053
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
P.O. Box 15777
Office 81, Building 298
Road 3306, Block 333
Manama
Kingdom of Bahrain.
T: [phone]
F: + 973 177 20 975
[e-mail]
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia South Africa Sweden
PO Box 1168
Khobar 31952
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
[e-mail]
PO Box 22300
Glen Ashley 4022
Durban
South Africa
T: [phone]
F:[phone]
Megger Sweden AB
Eldarvägen 4
Box 2970
SE-187 29 TÄBY
SWEDEN
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
Switzerland United Kingdom (Dover)
Megger Schweiz AG
Ob. Haselweg 630
5727 Oberkulm
Aargau
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
Megger Limited
Archcliffe Road
Dover CT17 9EN
T: 01304 502101
F: 01304 207342
United States
(Dallas) United States (Valley Forge) United States (College Station)
4271 Bronze Way,
Dallas, Texas 75237-1019 USA
T: 1-800-723-2861
F: 1-214-331-7399
Valley Forge Corporate Centre
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403 USA
T: 610 676 8500
F: 610-676-8610
4064 State Highway 6 South
College Station, TX 77845 USA
T: 979-690-7925
F: 979-690-0276

Safety
H
Voltages of greater than 50 V applied across dry unbroken human skin are capable of
producing heart fibrillation if they produce electric currents in body tissues which
happen to pass through the chest area.[citation needed] The electrocution danger is
mostly determined by the low conductivity of dry human skin. If skin is wet, or if
there are wounds, or if the voltage is applied to electrodes which penetrate the skin,
then even voltage sources below 40 V can be lethal if contacted. Additionally
research has shown that where the skin has been compromised, very small voltage of
up to 3V can kill.
Accidental contact with high voltage supplying sufficient energy will usually result in
severe injury or death. This can occur as a person's body provides a path for current
flow causing tissue damage and heart failure. Other injuries can include burns from
the arc generated by the accidental contact. These can be especially dangerous if the
victim's airways are affected. Injuries may also be suffered as a result of the physical
forces exerted as people may fall from height or be thrown a considerable distance.
Low-energy exposure to high voltage may be harmless, such as the spark produced
in a dry climate when touching a doorknob after walking across a carpeted floor.

AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 i
Table of Contents

1 SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................................................................1
Supply..............................................................................................................................................1
Input Voltage source.....................................................................................................................1
High Voltage ..................................................................................................................................1
Proof / Burn Output....................................................................................................................1
Surge Impulse (Voltage Impulse)...............................................................................................2
Arc Reflection & Arc Reflection Plus ........................................................................................2
Modes of Operation......................................................................................................................2
Low Voltage...................................................................................................................................2
MTDR 100 (Time Domain Reflectometer)...............................................................................2
Metering..........................................................................................................................................3
Environmental ...............................................................................................................................3
Dimensions & Weights.................................................................................................................4
Accessories .....................................................................................................................................4
Standard (supplied with instrument)...........................................................................................4 
Optional (not supplied as standard) ..........................................................................................5
2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M.........................................................................................7
Top Panel Controls.......................................................................................................................7
Safety ...............................................................................................................................................7
Metering..........................................................................................................................................9
Controls ........................................................................................................................................10
External Connections .................................................................................................................12
External Connections .................................................................................................................13
Integrated MTDR........................................................................................................................14
3 SAFETY ................................................................................................................................................15
General Safety Precautions ........................................................................................................15
Safety in Using the PFL..............................................................................................................17
4 PREPARING FOR TEST..................................................................................................................19
Important Safety Warnings........................................................................................................19
Site Preparation............................................................................................................................20
Making Connections ...................................................................................................................20
Earth (Ground) the Instrument ................................................................................................20
Incoming Supply Lead/Cord.....................................................................................................21
HV Interlock blanking plug.......................................................................................................21
Connection HV Cable ................................................................................................................21
Sheath / Concentric connection ...............................................................................................21
High Voltage Cable connection ................................................................................................21
Safety Zone...................................................................................................................................21
Switching On................................................................................................................................22
Connection Diagram...................................................................................................................22

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5 OPERATION OF THE PFL22M 23
Test Modes...................................................................................................................................23
Connections .................................................................................................................................23
Switching on the Unit.................................................................................................................24
Test Procedures ...........................................................................................................................24
D.C. Dielectric withstand (Proof) Test ....................................................................................24
D.C. Dielectric Proof/Burn.......................................................................................................25
Arc Reflection : High Voltage Prelocation..............................................................................26
Impulse Current (Surge Impulse, I.C.E.) : High Voltage Prelocation.................................28
Surge Generation (Surge Impulse): High Voltage Pinpoint Location.................................29
6 MAINTENANCE ...............................................................................................................................31
ADDENDUM 1 MTDR100 User Guide.............................................................................................33
Getting to know your MTDR100.............................................................................................35
MTDR100 Specification.............................................................................................................36
Modes of Operation....................................................................................................................36
Overview of Methods available on the PFL22M1500...........................................................37
TDR / Pulse Reflection..............................................................................................................37
Arc Reflection..............................................................................................................................37
Arc Reflection Plus......................................................................................................................37
Differential Arc Reflection (DART).........................................................................................37
Impulse Current (ICE or Current Impulse) ............................................................................37
Display ..........................................................................................................................................38
Status Bar......................................................................................................................................38
Operator Menu Bar.....................................................................................................................39
Single Button Operation.............................................................................................................40
Rotary Jog-Dial (item 35) ...........................................................................................................40
Operation of the MTDR100/300.............................................................................................41
Enabling the MTDR (When Integrated with PFL system)..................................................41
Initial Set-up.................................................................................................................................41
ADDENDUM 2.......................................................................................................................................51
Specification .................................................................................................................................53
Protection .....................................................................................................................................54
Operation......................................................................................................................................56
Determine Battery Capacity.......................................................................................................56
Connect the Battery Cables........................................................................................................56
Cabling Guidelines ......................................................................................................................56
ADDENDUM 3.......................................................................................................................................59
Cable Fault Location Applications Guide ...............................................................................59
Typical Fault Locating Strategy.................................................................................................61
Overview of Fault Prelocation Methods..................................................................................63
Description of TDR or Pulse Echo techniques......................................................................63
Description of Arc Reflection ...................................................................................................64
Description of Impulse Current................................................................................................65
Description of Voltage Decay ...................................................................................................66

AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 iii
UPON RECEIPT OF YOUR DELIVERY
Prior to operation, check for loosened hardware or damage incurred during
transit. If these conditions are found, a safety hazard is likely, DO NOT attempt
to operate equipment.
Please contact Megger as soon as possible.
Please check your delivery against:
a) your order
b) our advice note
c) the item delivered, and
d) the parts list
any shortages must be reported immediately.

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STANDARD MANUAL CONVENTIONS
This manual uses the following conventions:
Bold indicates emphasis or a heading.
NOTE: is used to set off important information from the rest of the text.
F A WARNING symbol alerts you to a hazard that may
result in equipment damage, personal injury, or death.
Carefully read the instructions provided and follow all
safety precautions.
G A CAUTION symbol alerts you that the system may not
operate as expected if instructions are not followed.

AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 1
1
SPECIFICATIONS
Supply
Input Voltage source
PFL22M1500-XX is fitted with automatic voltage switching and as such can
be supplied from either, a) 108 to 135Volts or b) 208 to 265Volts supplies.
The PFL22M1500-XX, maximum power requirement is 1500 VA when used
with AC input. Two-pole three-terminal grounding type connector must be
used.
The PFL22M1500INV-XX has a 12V inverter installed allowing operation
from a suitable 12V Supply, connected to the auxiliary connection on the
side of the unit.
The PFL22M1500INV-XX maximum power requirement of a 12V.d.c.
power source is 1900 VA (160A), when used with the authorized inverter
unit.
High Voltage
Proof / Burn Output
Output voltage 0 to 10kV dc negative wrt earth
0 to 20kV dc negative wrt earth
Proof Current 0 to 115mA (10V range)
0 to 55mA (20kV range)
Burn Current 0 to 115mA (10V range)
0 to 55mA (20kV range)

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Surge Impulse (Voltage Impulse)
Ranges Two (2)
Impulse voltage 0 to 8kV
0 to 16kV
Impulse Energy
@ 100% of range
1500joule @ 0 to 8kV
1500joule @ 0 to 16kV
Impulse Repetition Rate Single Shot
5 to 30seconds
Arc Reflection & Arc Reflection Plus
Voltage 0 to 8kV
0 to 16kV
Energy @ 100% of range 1500joule @ 0 to 8kV
1500joule @ 0 to 6kV
Traces: 1024 to 16 (Dependent on range
selected)
Modes of Operation
Low Voltage Pulse Echo ; Direct; Comparison
High Voltage Arc Reflection , Arc Reflection Plus (ARP),
Differential Arc Reflection (DART) , Impulse Current
Low Voltage
MTDR 100 (Time Domain Reflectometer)
Operation Single Jog-Dial
Modes Pulse Echo, Direct, Comparison,
Arc Reflection, Arc Reflection Plus (ARP),
Differential Arc Reflection (DART) Impulse Current
Ranges 10 ranges:
100m, to 55km ; 328ft to 180,445ft

SPECIFICATIONS
AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 3
Pulse Width 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 500ns 1μs, 2 μs, 5 μs, 10 μs
Pulse Amplitude 25V into 50 Ohms
Sampling Rate 100Megasamples/sec
Resolution (VP=55%) 0.82m / 2.7ft
Timebase accuracy 200 ppm
Output impedance 50 Ohms
Gain Variable over 60dB in 5dB steps
Display XGA 1024 x 768 26.5mm (10.4”)
Storage On-board and USB
Metering
Voltmeter Analogue 0 to 20kV
Accuracy 5%
Ammeter Analogue 0 to 300mA
Accuracy 5%
Environmental
Operating Temp -20 to 50oC / -4 to 120 oF
Storage Temperature -30 to 55oC / -22 to 131oF
Humidity 5 to 95% RH non-condensing (operating)
Elevation 1600m (De-rate voltages at higher altitudes)

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Dimensions & Weights
Height 965 mm / 38 inch
Width 536 mm / 21inch
Depth 503 mm / 20 inch
Weight (Total) 131kgs / 290lbs
Accessories
Standard (supplied with instrument)
High Voltage Cable 15m flexible, lightweight,40kV single
core HV cable
1001-123:
Safety Ground Cable 15m flexible ground cable with
ferrules,
19265-15:
Input/supply Cable line cord/ supply cable (1 x ea)
17032-4 ; North American
17032-5 ; International
17032-12; BS
170032-13; EU SHUKO
Shorting plug Interlock shorting plug qty 1 supplied 10226-1
Cable Bag/Satchel Cable bag to take all cables 2001-813:
Documentation User Guide AVTMPFL22:
Software Cable Analysis Software CAS01:

SPECIFICATIONS
AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 5
Optional (not supplied as standard)
HV Vice Groups Adjustable HV Vice
Grips
18944-2
PFL22M Transit Case Transit Case 2001-289
HV Discharge stick 70kV Discharge stick 222070-62
12 V External Battery 12V/92Ah Battery 1001-690
Discharge Receiver: Acoustic and
Electromagnetic
pinpoint receiver
MPP2000 or MPP1001
Cable Drums Megger have several cable drums and cable drum
assemblies which need to be specified dependent on
installation and possible combination with other
instruments. Another consideration is where the
equipment is installed into a vehicle or trailer the
available payload must be taken into consideration.
It is recommend that the factory is contacted prior to
ordering the optional cable drums or cable drum
assemblies

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AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 7
2
GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M
Top Panel Controls
Safety
1. Status Bar: Indicates
HV On / HV Off
High visibility status bar Indicates Operating status of the
PFL22.
Ungrounded / HV On: Two outer segments glow Red
indicating earth/ground off and HV active.
Note: HV not active in TDR mode
Grounded / HV Off: Single inner segment glows Green
indicating Earths are on with no HV present.
2. External Interlock LED
(Yellow): Indicates if
External Interlock
activated
When illuminated indicates that the optional external
interlock has been activated, or interlock blanking-plug
not in place.

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3. Zero Start Interlock
LED (Yellow): Indicates
of voltage control not at
zero
When illuminated indicates that the voltage control knob
is not at zero, Voltage control must be at zero before
commencing any voltage changes. Only active for dc
operations.
4. HV Cable Interlock
LED (Yellow): Indicates
HV Cable not connected
When illuminated indicates that the HV cable connection
to the PFL has not been made correctly.
5. Range Switch Interlock
LED (Yellow): Indicates
if Range Switch not seated
Illuminates if the Range switch is not properly seated,
and a range correctly selected.
6. Mode Switch Interlock
LED (Yellow):Indicates
if Mode Switch not seated
Illuminates if the Mode selector switch is not properly
seated, and a mode correctly selected.
7. Voltage Preview
LED (Blue): Preview of
voltage to be applied
When illuminated this indicates that the voltage shown
on the Kilovolt meter is a preview only, prior to it being
applied to the cable under test. (No HV activated)
8. Emergency Stop This switch acts as an Emergency Stop and also an
On/Off switch. To disengage and turn on the instrument
pull this switch. To turn off either in an emergency or
when operation complete depress.
9. Zero Start Voltage control must be at zero before commencing any
voltage changes. Only active for dc operations.

GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M
AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 9
Metering
10. Milliampmeter: 0 to 300mA analogue Mili-Amp meter. Indicates the
charging current being applied (leakage current).
11. NOT USED
12. NOT USED
13. d.c. KiloVolt meter: 0 to 20 kV analogue kilovolt meter. Indicates applied
voltage (or voltage preview) in Proof/Burn, Surge, Arc
Reflection modes.

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Controls
14. Surge Repetition Control Knob: Select either single shot or set the desired surge
repetition rate.
15. Arc Reflection Mode Pushbutton
(switch/indicator): To selected Arc Reflection mode depress the push
button switch. Switch will illuminate when Arc
Reflection mode selected and active.
16. TDR Mode Pushbutton
switch/indicator:
To select TDR (Pulse Echo) depress the push
button switch. Switch will illuminate when TDR
mode selected and active.
17. Surge Mode Pushbutton
(switch/indicator):
To select Surge or Impulse Current depress the
switch. Switch will illuminate when Surge mode
selected and active.
18. Proof/Burn Mode Pushbutton
(switch/indicator):
To select Proof/Burn depress the switch. Switch
will illuminate when Proof/Burn mode selected
and active.
19. Mode Switch (Filter in/Filter out): Two position rotary selector switch, switch
between the modes that require the arc reflection
filter engaged; Arc Reflection & TDR and the
modes whereby the needs to be disengaged Surge
& Proof/Burn.