NEC PD78212 User manual

USER'S MANUAL
µ PD78214 SUB-SERIES
8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER
HARDWARE
µ PD78212
µ PD78213
µ PD78214
µ PD78P214
µ PD78212 (A)
µ PD78213 (A)
µ PD78214 (A)
µ PD78P214 (A)
Document No. IEU-1236H
(O. D. No. IEM-5119H)
Date Published September 1994 P
Printed in Japan
 NEC Corporation 1989

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GENERAL
PIN FUNCTIONS
CPU FUNCTION
CLOCK GENERATOR
PORT FUNCTIONS
REAL-TIME OUTPUT FUNCTION
TIMER/COUNTER UNITS
A/D CONVERTER
9
ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE
CLOCK SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE
EDGE DETECTION FUNCTION
LOCAL BUS INTERFACE FUNCTION 13
12
11
10
17
16
15
14
C
B
A
18
INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS
STANDBY FUNCTION
RESET FUNCTION
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
PROGRAMMING FOR THE
µ PD78214
78K/II SERIES PRODUCT LIST
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
SOFTWARE FOR EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS
REGISTER INDEX
INDEX
INSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
D
E

Cautions on CMOS Devices
1 Countermeasures against static electricity for all MOSs
Caution When handling MOS devices, take care so that they are not electrostatically charged.
Strong static electricity may cause dielectric breakdown in gates. When transporting or
storing MOS devices, use conductive trays, magazine cases, shock absorbers, or metal
cases that NEC uses for packaging and shipping. Be sure to ground MOS devices during
assembling. Do not allow MOS devices to stand on plastic plates or do not touch pins.
Also handle boards on which MOS devices are mounted in the same way.
2 CMOS-specific handling of unused input pins
Caution Hold CMOS devices at a fixed input level.
Unlike bipolar or NMOS devices, if a CMOS device is operated with no input, an
intermediate-level input may be caused by noise. This allows current to flow in the CMOS
device, resulting in a malfunction. Use a pull-up or pull-down resistor to hold a fixed input
level. Since unused pins may function as output pins at unexpected times, each unused
pin should be separately connected to the VDD or GND pin through a resistor.
If handling of unused pins is documented, follow the instructions in the document.
3 Statuses of all MOS devices at initialization
Caution The initial status of a MOS device is unpredictable when power is turned on.
Since characteristics of a MOS device are determined by the amount of ions implanted
in molecules, the initial status cannot be determined in the manufacture process. NEC
has no responsibility for the output statuses of pins, input and output settings, and the
contents of registers at power on. However, NEC assures operation after reset and items
for mode setting if they are defined.
When you turn on a device having a reset function, be sure to reset the device first.
EWS-4800 Series, EWS-UX/V, and QTOP are trademarks of NEC Corporation.
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM DOS, PC/AT, and PC DOS are trademarks of IBM Corporation.
SPARCstation is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
Sun OS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc.
HP9000 Series 300 and HP-UX are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written
consent of NEC Corporation. NEC Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in
this document.
NEC Corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual
property rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arising
from use of such device. No license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents,
copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Corporation or others.
The devices listed in this document are not suitable for use in aerospace equipment, submarine cables, nuclear
reactor control systems and life support systems. If customers intend to use NEC devices for above applications
or they intend to use "Standard" quality grade NEC devices for applications not intended by NEC, please contact
our sales people in advance.
Application examples recommended by NEC Corporation
Standard: Computer, Office equipment, Communication equipment, Test and Measurement equipment,
Machine tools, Industrial robots, Audio and Visual equipment, Other consumer products, etc.
Special: Automotive and Transportation equipment, Traffic control systems, Antidisaster systems, Anticrime
systems, etc.
M7 92.6

Main Revisions in This Edition
Page Description
P.55 VSS and "Caution" have been added in (a) of Fig.
4-2.
P.329 "Caution" has been added in (2) of Section 12.4.6.
P.383 "Caution" has been added in (b) of Section
14.4.2.
P.429 Appendix B has been modified as follows:
• "IBM PC series" has been changed to "IBM
PC/AT."
• Upgraded versions of MS-DOS are now
supported by some development tools
designed for the PC-9800 series.
• 3.5" 2HC has been added to as a PC DOS
distribution media.
• MS DOS and IBM DOS have been added
as supported operating systems for the
IBM PC/AT.
• The description of real-time OS has been
deleted.
P.441 Appendix C has been added.
Major changes in this revision are indicated by stars (★)
in the margins.

PREFACE
Users:
This manual is aimed at engineers who need to be familiar with the capabilities of the µ PD78214 sub-series for
application program development purposes.
Purpose:
The purpose of this manual is to help users understand the hardware capabilities of the µ PD78214 sub-series.
Organization:
Two manuals are available for the µ PD78214 sub-series: The hardware manual (this manual) and instruction
manual (common to all 78K/II series products). The contents of the manuals are:
Hardware Instruction
Pin functions CPU functions
Internal block functions Addressing
Interrupt functions Instruction set
Other built-in functions
Important information related to using the products described in this manual is provided in the form of
“Caution” notes, appearing in appropriate places in each chapter. Each “Caution” is repeated at the end
of the chapter. Be careful to observe these notes when using the products.
Guidance:
Readers of this manual are assumed to have a general knowledge of electronics, logical circuits, and microcom-
puters.
When using this manual with the µ PD78212, µ PD78213, µ PD78P214, µ PD78212(A), µ PD78213(A), µ PD78214(A), or
µ PD78P214(A):
This manual describes the functions of the µ PD78212, µ PD78213, µ PD78214, µ PD78P214, µ PD78212(A), µ PD78213(A),
µ PD78214(A), and µ PD78P214(A). The relationships between these products are shown in the figure on the next
page. Where there is no functional difference between the products, only the µ PD78214 is described, that
description also being applicable to the µ PD78212, µ PD78213, µ PD78P214, µ PD78212(A), µ PD78213(A), µ PD78214(A),
and µ PD78P214(A).
The examples given in this manual are prepared for “Standard” quality products for general electronics
devices. If customers intend to use the examples in this manual in fields where the “Special” quality is
required, note the quality grade of the parts and circuits actually used.

PD78P214
PD78P214(A)
µ
µ
PD78214
PD78214(A)
µ
µ
PD78213
PD78213(A)
µ
µ
PD78212
PD78212(A)
µ
µ
PROM 16K
RAM 512
ROM 16K
RAM 512
ROM-less
RAM 512
ROM 8K
RAM 384
To check the details of a register when you know the name of the register:
See Appendix D.
To check the differences between the µ PD78214 sub-series and other models of the 78K/II series:
First see Appendix A to determine the differences between the models then see Appendix E for details.
To check the details of a function when you know the name of the function:
See Appendix E.
If the microcomputer does not operate correctly during debugging:
See the cautions at the end of the chapter related to the erroneous function.
To become familiar with the general functions of the µ PD78214 sub-series:
Read the entire manual in the order of the table of contents.
To determine the instructions supported by the µ PD78214 sub-series in detail:
Refer to 78K/II Series User’s Manual, Instruction (IEU-1311).
To determine the electrical characteristics of the µ PD78214 sub-series:
Refer to the separate data sheet.
Application examples of the µ PD78214 sub-series:
Refer to the separate application note.
Notation:
Data weight: High-order digits on the left side
Low-order digits on the right side
Active low: ××× (Pins and signal names are overscored.)
Note: Explanation of a noted part of text
Caution: Information demanding the user's special attention
Remarks: Supplementary information
Numeric value: Binary : ××××B or ××××
Decimal : ××××
Hexadecimal : ××××H

Never use the code combinations indicated "Not to be set" in the register descriptions.
Characters likely to be confused: 0 (zero) and O (uppercase "O")
1 (one), l (lowercase "L"), and I (uppercase "I")
Related documents:
The following reference documents are also available.
•Documents related to the µ PD78214 sub-series
•Serial Bus Interface (SBI) User’s Manual (IEM-1303)
Product
Document
µ PD78212
µ PD78213
µ PD78214
Data Sheet
User's Manual Hardware
Instruction
Application Note Basic
Application
Floating-Point Arithme-
tic Operation Programs
µ PD78212(A)
µ PD78213(A)
µ PD78214(A)
µ PD78P214(A)
This manual
IEU-1311
IEA-1220
IEA-1282
IEA-1273
IC-2526 IC-2831 IC-3095
B
7
1
6
0
5
×
4
A
3
1
2
0
1
×
0
EDC
Write operation Read operation
The encircled bit number indicates that the bit name
is used as reserved word by the NEC assembler and
defined by the header file, sfrbit.h, by C compiler.
Either 0 or 1 can be
written to this bit without
affecting the register
operation. 0 or 1 is read from these
bits.
Write 0 to this bit.
Write 1 to this bit.
Write a value according to
the necessary function.
A value is read according
to the operation.
Register name
Register representation

•Documents related to development tools
IE-78210-R In-Circuit Emulator System
Software Operator's Manual
CC78K Series C Compiler User's Manual
Document No.
EEU-1395
EEU-1322
EEU-1331
EEP-1027
EEM-1024
EEM-1260
EEM-1027
EEU-1283
EEU-1273
EEU-1254
EEU-1289
EEU-1280
EEU-1447
EEU-1413
EF-1114
Document name
•Documents related to software to be incorporated into the product
Document No.
EF-1113
EEU-1448
EEU-1444
EEU-1438
Document name
78K/II Series Fuzzy Inference Development Support System User's
Manual
Fuzzy Inference Development Support System Pamphlet
Fuzzy Inference
Module
Translator
User's Manual for Tool for Creating Fuzzy Knowledge Data
78K/0, 78K/II and 87AD Series Fuzzy Inference Development Support
System User's Manual
IE-78240-R-A In-Circuit Emulator User's Manual
IE-78240-R In-Circuit Emulator User's Manual Hardware
Software
IE-78210-R In-Circuit Emulator Hardware Operator's Manual
IE-78210-R In-Circuit Emulator Software Operator's Manual
For Operation on the PC-9800 Series (MS-DOS)
For Operation on the IBM PC Series (PC DOS)
RA78K Series Assembler Package User's Manual Language
Operation
78K Series Structured Assembler Preprocessor User's Manual
Language
Operation
SD78K/II Screen Debugger User's Manual for Operation under
MS-DOS Tutorial
78K/II Series Development Tools Selection Guide

•Other documents
Document No.
IEI-1213
IEI-1207
IEI-1209
IEI-1203
MEI-1202
Document name
Package Manual
SMD Surface Mount Technology Manual
Quality Grades on NEC Semiconductor Devices
NEC Semiconductor Device Reliability/Quality Control System
Guide to Quality Assurance for Semiconductor Devices
Caution The above documents may be revised without notice. Use the latest versions when you designing an application system.