Olympus EPOCH 650 User manual

DMTA-10055-01EN — Rev. A
February 2015
EPOCH 650
Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
User’s Manual
This instruction manual contains essential information on how to use this Olympus product safely and effectively.
Before using this product, thoroughly review this instruction manual. Use the product as instructed.
Keep this instruction manual in a safe, accessible location.

Olympus Scientific Solutions Americas, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453,
USA
Copyright © 2015 by Olympus. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, translated, or distributed without the express written permission of
Olympus.
This document was prepared with particular attention to usage to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained therein, and corresponds to the version of
the product manufactured prior to the date appearing on the title page. There
could, however, be some differences between the manual and the product if the
product was modified thereafter.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Part number: DMTA-10055-01EN
Rev. A
February 2015
Printed in the United States of America
SD, miniSD, and microSD Logos are trademarks of SD-3D, LLC.
All brands are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and
third party entities.

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents iii
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................... xi
Labels and Symbols ........................................................................................... 1
Important Information — Please Read Before Use ..................................... 5
Intended Use .......................................................................................................................... 5
Instruction Manual ................................................................................................................ 5
Instrument Compatibility ..................................................................................................... 6
Repair and Modification ....................................................................................................... 6
Safety Symbols ....................................................................................................................... 7
Safety Signal Words ............................................................................................................... 7
Note Signal Words ................................................................................................................. 8
Safety ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Warnings ................................................................................................................................. 9
Battery Precautions .............................................................................................................. 10
Equipment Disposal ............................................................................................................ 11
CE (European Community) ............................................................................................... 11
WEEE Directive .................................................................................................................... 11
China RoHS .......................................................................................................................... 12
Korea Communications Commission (KCC) ................................................................... 12
EMC Directive Compliance ................................................................................................ 12
FCC (USA) Compliance ...................................................................................................... 12
ICES-001 (Canada) Compliance ........................................................................................ 13
Warranty Information ......................................................................................................... 13
Technical Support ................................................................................................................ 14
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 15
Package Content .................................................................................................................. 16

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents iv
1. Hardware Overview .................................................................................. 19
1.1 Front Panel ................................................................................................................. 20
1.1.1 Adjustment Knob Configuration ................................................................. 22
1.1.2 Navigation Pad Configuration ..................................................................... 25
1.1.3 Direct-Access Keys ......................................................................................... 28
1.1.4 Function and Parameter Keys ...................................................................... 30
1.1.5 Power Indicator .............................................................................................. 32
1.1.6 Alarm Indicators ............................................................................................ 32
1.2 Connectors ................................................................................................................. 33
1.2.1 Transducer Connectors .................................................................................. 33
1.2.2 Digital Out Connector ................................................................................... 34
1.2.2.1 Alarm Output Connector Pins .......................................................... 35
1.2.2.2 Serial Communication Pins ................................................................ 35
1.2.2.3 Encoder Input Pins .............................................................................. 35
1.2.2.4 Trigger Input and Output Pins .......................................................... 36
1.2.3 VGA Out Connector ...................................................................................... 36
1.2.4 USB Client Port and microSD Card Slot ..................................................... 37
1.2.4.1 USB Client Port .................................................................................... 38
1.2.4.2 microSD Card Slot ............................................................................... 39
1.3 Battery Compartment ............................................................................................... 40
1.4 Instrument Stand ....................................................................................................... 41
2. Powering the EPOCH 650 ......................................................................... 43
2.1 Lithium-Ion Battery .................................................................................................. 44
2.2 AC Charger/Adaptor ................................................................................................ 45
2.3 Standalone Battery Charger .................................................................................... 47
2.4 Power Status Indicators ............................................................................................ 47
3. Software Overview .................................................................................... 49
3.1 Choosing a Function Menu Item ............................................................................ 50
3.2 Parameter Selection ................................................................................................... 51
3.3 Convention for Identifying Menu Items and Parameters ................................... 52
3.4 Parameter Adjustment ............................................................................................. 52
3.5 Escape Key ................................................................................................................. 53
3.6 Lock Key ..................................................................................................................... 53
3.7 AUTO XX% Feature .................................................................................................. 54
3.8 Submenus ................................................................................................................... 54
3.9 Pulser and Receiver Settings ................................................................................... 55
3.9.1 Sensitivity ........................................................................................................ 55
3.9.2 Reference Gain ................................................................................................ 55
3.9.3 Pulser ............................................................................................................... 56

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents v
3.9.4 Receiver ........................................................................................................... 56
3.10 Gates ........................................................................................................................... 58
3.10.1 Quickly Adjusting Basic Gate Parameters .................................................. 58
3.10.2 Gate 1 and Gate 2 ........................................................................................... 59
3.10.3 Gate Setup ....................................................................................................... 59
3.10.4 Gate Alarm Indications ................................................................................. 61
3.11 Calibration ................................................................................................................. 62
3.11.1 Measurement calibration .............................................................................. 62
3.11.2 Angle Beam Calibration ................................................................................ 67
3.12 Data Logger ............................................................................................................... 68
3.12.1 Calibration Files ............................................................................................. 68
3.12.2 Resetting the Instrument ............................................................................... 70
4. Software Interface ...................................................................................... 73
4.1 Button Types .............................................................................................................. 74
4.2 File Identifier and Message Bars ............................................................................. 75
4.3 Direct-Access Parameters ........................................................................................ 76
4.4 Measurement Reading Boxes .................................................................................. 77
4.5 Live-Scan Area .......................................................................................................... 78
4.6 Flags ............................................................................................................................ 78
4.7 Menu Contents .......................................................................................................... 82
4.8 Setup Pages ................................................................................................................ 86
4.8.1 Entering an Alphanumeric Value Using the Virtual Keyboard .............. 87
4.8.2 Display Setup Page ........................................................................................ 89
4.8.3 Grid Setup Page .............................................................................................. 91
4.8.4 Reading Setup Page ....................................................................................... 91
4.8.5 General Setup Page ........................................................................................ 95
4.8.6 About Page ...................................................................................................... 98
4.8.7 Clock Setup Page ............................................................................................ 99
4.8.8 Software Options Setup Page ..................................................................... 100
4.8.9 Misc Setup Page ........................................................................................... 100
4.8.10 Editable Parameters Page ............................................................................ 102
4.8.11 Analog Output Setup Page ......................................................................... 104
5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver ............................................................... 105
5.1 Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain) .............................................................. 105
5.2 Using the AUTO XX% Feature ............................................................................. 105
5.3 Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain ........................................................ 106
5.4 Pulser Adjustments ................................................................................................ 107
5.4.1 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) ............................................................. 107
5.4.2 Pulse Energy (Voltage) ................................................................................ 108

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents vi
5.4.3 Damping ........................................................................................................ 109
5.4.4 Test Mode ...................................................................................................... 109
5.4.5 Pulser Type .................................................................................................... 110
5.4.6 Pulser Frequency Selection (Pulse Width) ................................................ 111
5.5 Receiver Adjustments ............................................................................................. 111
5.5.1 Digital Receiver Filters ................................................................................ 111
5.5.2 Waveform Rectification ............................................................................... 113
6. Managing Special Waveform Functions .............................................. 115
6.1 Reject ......................................................................................................................... 115
6.2 Peak Memory ........................................................................................................... 116
6.3 Peak Hold ................................................................................................................. 118
6.4 Freeze ........................................................................................................................ 118
6.5 Grid Modes .............................................................................................................. 119
6.6 Baseline Break .......................................................................................................... 122
7. Gates ........................................................................................................... 123
7.1 Measurement Gates 1 and 2 .................................................................................. 123
7.2 Quickly Adjusting Basic Gate Parameters ........................................................... 125
7.3 Gate Measurement Modes ..................................................................................... 126
7.4 Viewing Measurement Readings .......................................................................... 130
7.5 Gate Tracking and Echo-to-Echo Measurements ............................................... 130
7.6 Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode ....................................................................... 132
7.7 Zooming on a Gate ................................................................................................. 132
7.8 Gate Alarms ............................................................................................................. 133
7.8.1 Threshold Alarms ........................................................................................ 133
7.8.2 Minimum Depth Alarm .............................................................................. 134
7.8.3 Minimum Depth Alarm with a Single Gate ............................................. 134
7.8.4 Minimum Depth Alarm with Gate Tracking ........................................... 135
8. Programmable Inputs and Outputs ...................................................... 137
8.1 Alarm Outputs ........................................................................................................ 137
8.2 Serial/USB Command Protocol ............................................................................. 137
8.3 Trigger Inputs and Outputs ................................................................................... 138
8.4 Encoder Inputs ........................................................................................................ 139
8.5 Analog Output ........................................................................................................ 139
9. Calibration ................................................................................................. 143
9.1 Basic Setup ............................................................................................................... 143
9.2 Calibration Modes ................................................................................................... 144
9.2.1 Straight Beam Modes ................................................................................... 145

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents vii
9.2.2 Angle Beam Modes ...................................................................................... 145
9.3 Calibrating with a Straight Beam Transducer .................................................... 146
9.4 Calibrating with a Delay Line Transducer .......................................................... 150
9.5 Calibrating on a Single Test Block of Known Thickness ................................... 156
9.6 Calibrating with a Dual Element Transducer ..................................................... 156
9.7 Calibrating in Echo-to-Echo Mode ....................................................................... 161
9.8 Calibrating to Known Sound Path Values with an Angle Beam Transducer . 165
9.8.1 Locating the Beam Index Point .................................................................. 165
9.8.2 Verifying the Refracted Angle .................................................................... 167
9.8.3 Calibrating for Distance .............................................................................. 169
9.8.4 Calibrating for Sensitivity ........................................................................... 173
9.9 Calibrating to Known Depth Values with an Angle Beam Transducer .......... 175
9.10 Curved Surface Correction .................................................................................... 180
9.11 Common Angle Beam Calibration Block Diagrams .......................................... 181
10. Data Logger ............................................................................................... 187
10.1 Data File Types ........................................................................................................ 188
10.1.1 Calibration file type ..................................................................................... 188
10.1.2 Incremental file type .................................................................................... 188
10.1.3 Advanced File Types ................................................................................... 188
10.1.3.1 Sequential ........................................................................................... 189
10.1.3.2 Sequential with Custom Points ....................................................... 189
10.1.3.3 2-D Matrix Grid ................................................................................. 189
10.1.3.4 2-D EPRI ............................................................................................. 189
10.1.3.5 2-D Matrix Grid with Custom Point ............................................... 189
10.1.3.6 3-D Matrix Grid ................................................................................. 189
10.1.3.7 Boiler ................................................................................................... 190
10.2 Data Logger Storage Capacity .............................................................................. 190
10.3 Saving Data to Files ................................................................................................ 190
10.4 Data Logger Menus ................................................................................................ 191
10.4.1 File Menu ....................................................................................................... 191
10.4.1.1 Create .................................................................................................. 192
10.4.1.2 Open .................................................................................................... 197
10.4.1.3 Quick Recall ....................................................................................... 204
10.4.1.4 Memo .................................................................................................. 205
10.4.1.5 Last ID and Select ID ........................................................................ 207
10.4.2 Manage Menu ............................................................................................... 208
10.4.2.1 Reset .................................................................................................... 209
10.4.2.2 Export .................................................................................................. 210
10.4.2.3 Import ................................................................................................. 211
10.4.2.4 Edit ...................................................................................................... 213
10.4.2.5 Copy .................................................................................................... 214

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents viii
10.4.2.6 Delete ................................................................................................... 215
10.4.2.7 Import Memo ..................................................................................... 216
10.5 Grid View ................................................................................................................. 217
10.5.1 Activating Grid View ................................................................................... 217
10.5.2 Configuring the Grid View ......................................................................... 217
10.5.3 Using the Grid .............................................................................................. 218
10.6 Screen Capture ........................................................................................................ 221
10.7 Video Record ........................................................................................................... 221
10.7.1 Activating the video recorder ..................................................................... 221
10.7.2 Using the video recorder ............................................................................. 221
11. Software Features and Options ............................................................. 225
11.1 Defining Licensed and Unlicensed Software Features ...................................... 225
11.2 Dynamic DAC/TCG ................................................................................................ 226
11.2.1 Feature Activation and Reference Correct ................................................ 227
11.2.2 Standard/ASME III DAC/TCG ................................................................... 229
11.2.3 Gain Adjustment Options ........................................................................... 234
11.2.3.1 Scanning Gain .................................................................................... 234
11.2.3.2 Curve Adjustment Gain (DAC Gain or TCG Gain) ...................... 236
11.2.3.3 Transfer Correction ........................................................................... 237
11.2.4 JIS DAC .......................................................................................................... 238
11.2.5 Custom DAC Curves ................................................................................... 238
11.3 DGS/AVG ................................................................................................................. 240
11.3.1 Option Activation and Setup ...................................................................... 241
11.3.2 Curve Adjustment Options ......................................................................... 246
11.3.3 Transfer Correction ...................................................................................... 246
11.3.4 DGS/AVG Curve Gain ................................................................................. 247
11.3.5 Registration Level Adjustment ................................................................... 248
11.3.6 Relative Attenuation Measurement ........................................................... 249
11.4 AWS D1.1/D1.5 Weld Rating Software ................................................................ 249
11.4.1 Activating the AWS D1.1 software option ................................................ 250
11.4.2 Adjusting the AWS Reference Level .......................................................... 251
11.4.3 Storing the Gated Reflector ......................................................................... 252
11.4.4 Scanning Gain ............................................................................................... 253
11.4.5 Calculating A and C Values ........................................................................ 254
11.5 API 5UE .................................................................................................................... 254
11.5.1 Option Activation and Setup ...................................................................... 256
11.5.2 Envelope Mode ............................................................................................. 258
11.5.2.1 Envelope Mode Calibration ............................................................. 258
11.5.2.2 Crack Sizing ....................................................................................... 259
11.5.3 Manual Mode ................................................................................................ 261
11.5.3.1 Manual Mode Calibration ................................................................ 261

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents ix
11.5.3.2 Crack Sizing ....................................................................................... 264
11.6 Waveform Averaging ............................................................................................. 265
11.6.1 Waveform Averaging Setup ....................................................................... 266
11.6.2 Using Waveform Averaging ....................................................................... 266
11.7 Back Wall Echo Attenuator .................................................................................... 268
11.8 Interface Gate ........................................................................................................... 271
11.8.1 Activating the Interface Gate ...................................................................... 271
11.8.2 Adjusting the interface gate ........................................................................ 271
11.8.3 Setting the Material Velocity ...................................................................... 272
11.8.4 Using Run Mode .......................................................................................... 272
11.8.5 Interface Gate Compatibility ...................................................................... 274
11.8.6 Gate Measurements and Alarms ............................................................... 275
11.9 Corrosion Module ................................................................................................... 275
11.9.1 Key Features ................................................................................................. 275
11.9.2 Corrosion Module Screen ........................................................................... 276
11.9.3 Corrosion Module Activation and Setup ................................................. 278
11.9.4 Basic Measurement Adjustments .............................................................. 280
11.9.4.1 Rectification ........................................................................................ 280
11.9.4.2 Extended Blank Control ................................................................... 280
11.9.4.3 Manual Gain Adjustment ................................................................ 281
11.9.5 Calibration for Additional Accuracy ........................................................ 283
11.9.6 Echo-to-Echo Measurements ...................................................................... 283
11.9.7 B-Scan ............................................................................................................ 285
11.9.7.1 Activating the B-Scan ........................................................................ 286
11.9.7.2 B-Scan Setup Page ............................................................................. 287
11.9.7.3 B-Scan Acquisition and Control ...................................................... 289
11.9.7.4 Viewing the B-Scan in the Data Logger ......................................... 290
11.10 Template Storage ..................................................................................................... 292
12. Maintenance and Troubleshooting ...................................................... 297
12.1 Replacing the Battery ............................................................................................. 297
12.2 Instrument Cleaning ............................................................................................... 298
12.3 Verifying O-Ring Gaskets and Seals .................................................................... 298
12.4 Protecting the Display ............................................................................................ 299
12.5 Annual Calibration ................................................................................................. 299
12.6 Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................... 299
13. Specifications ............................................................................................ 301
13.1 General and Environmental Specifications ......................................................... 301
13.2 Channel Specifications ........................................................................................... 303
13.3 Input/Output Specifications .................................................................................. 305

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Table of Contents x
Appendix A: Sound Velocities .................................................................... 307
Appendix B: Data File Types ....................................................................... 309
B.1 Calibration file type ................................................................................................ 309
B.2 Incremental file type ............................................................................................... 309
B.3 Advanced File Types .............................................................................................. 312
B.3.1 Sequential ...................................................................................................... 312
B.3.2 2-D Matrix Grid ............................................................................................ 314
B.3.3 2-D EPRI ........................................................................................................ 317
B.3.4 2-D Matrix Grid with Custom Point .......................................................... 317
B.3.5 3-D Matrix Grid ............................................................................................ 318
B.3.6 Boiler .............................................................................................................. 319
Appendix C: Glossary ................................................................................... 321
Appendix D: Parts List .................................................................................. 331
List of Figures ................................................................................................. 335
List of Tables ................................................................................................... 341
Index ................................................................................................................. 343

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
List of Abbreviations xi
List of Abbreviations
AC alternating current
ACT amplitude comparison technique
ADDT amplitude-distance differential technique
AGC automatic gain compensation
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AVG abstand verstärkung größe
AWS American Welding Society
BEA back wall echo attenuator
BIP beam index point
CSC curved surface correction
DAC distance amplitude correction
DC direct current
DGS distance gain size
EFUP environment-friendly use period
FSH full-screen height
ID identifier
IF interface gate
IIW International Institute of Welding
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
LCD liquid crystal display
MEM memory
NDT non-destructive testing
OS overshoot
PK peak
PRF pulse repetition frequency
SDH side-drilled hole
TCG time-corrected gain
Trig trigonometry
USB universal serial bus
VGA video graphics adapter

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
List of Abbreviations xii

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Labels and Symbols 1
Labels and Symbols
Safety-related labels and symbols are attached to the instrument at the locations
shown in Figure i-1 on page 1, Figure i-2 on page 2, and Figure i-3 on page 2. If any or
all of the labels or symbols are missing or illegible, please contact Olympus.
Figure i-1 Labels location
Location of rating label
(see Table 1 on page 3)

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Labels and Symbols 2
Figure i-2 Location of the serial number
To avoid the risk of electric shock, do not touch the inner conductor of the BNC (or
LEMO) connectors. Up to 400 V can be present on the inner conductors. The warning
symbol shown in Figure i-3 on page 2 warns of this electric shock risk.
Figure i-3 Warning symbol
Serial number location (see Table 2 on page 4)
CAUTION
Warning symbol
BNC connector inner conductor
(LEMO 01 series also available)

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Labels and Symbols 3
Table 1 Rating label and regulatory screen content
Content
This symbol indicates the location of the membrane vent.
The direct current symbol.
The WEEE symbol indicates that the product must not be
disposed of as unsorted municipal waste, but should be
collected separately.
The regulatory compliance mark (RCM) label indicates that
the product complies with all applicable standards, and has
been registered with the Australian Communications and
Media Authority (ACMA) for placement on the Australian
market.
Seller and user shall be noticed that this equipment is suitable
for electromagnetic equipment for office work (class A) and it
can be used outside home.
The MSIP code for the EPOCH 650 is the following: MSIP-
REM-OYN-EP650.

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Labels and Symbols 4
The CE marking is a declaration that this product conforms to
all the applicable directives of the European Community. See
the Declaration of Conformity for details. Contact your Olympus
representative for more information.
The China RoHS mark indicates the product’s Environment-
Friendly Use Period (EFUP). The EFUP is defined as the
number of years for which listed controlled substances will not
leak or chemically deteriorate while in the product. The EFUP
for the EPOCH 650 has been determined to be 15 years. Note:
The Environment-Friendly Use Period (EFUP) is not meant to
be interpreted as the period assuring functionality and
product performance.
Table 2 Serial number label content
Content
SERIAL The serial number.
Table 1 Rating label and regulatory screen content (continued)

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 5
Important Information — Please Read Before Use
Intended Use
The EPOCH 650 ultrasonic flaw detector is designed to perform nondestructive
inspections on industrial and commercial materials.
Do not use the EPOCH 650 for any purpose other than its intended use. It must never
be used to inspect or examine human or animal body parts.
Instruction Manual
This instruction manual contains essential information on how to use this Olympus
product safely and effectively. Before using this product, thoroughly review this
instruction manual. Use the product as instructed.
Keep this instruction manual in a safe, accessible location.
WARNING

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 6
Some of the details of components illustrated in this manual may differ from the
components installed on your instrument. However, the operating principles remain
the same.
Instrument Compatibility
Only use EPOCH 650 ultrasonic flaw detector with the following ancillary
equipment:
• Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack (PN: 600-BAT-L-3 [U8051431])
• Optional standalone external battery charger (PN: EPXT-EC-x). Varies by
configuration; must select a power cord.
• Charger/adaptor (PN: EP-MCA-x) Varies by configuration; must select a power
cord.
Always use equipment and accessories that meet Olympus specifications. Using
incompatible equipment could cause equipment malfunction and/or damage, or
human injury.
Repair and Modification
The EPOCH 650 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Opening the instrument
might void the warranty.
IMPORTANT
CAUTION

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 7
In order to prevent human injury and/or equipment damage, do not disassemble,
modify, or attempt to repair the instrument.
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols might appear on the instrument and in the instruction
manual:
General warning symbol
This symbol is used to alert the user to potential hazards. All safety messages that
follow this symbol shall be obeyed to avoid possible harm or material damage.
High voltage warning symbol
This symbol is used to alert the user to potential electric shock hazards greater
than 1000 volts. All safety messages that follow this symbol shall be obeyed to
avoid possible harm.
Safety Signal Words
The following safety symbols might appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The DANGER signal word indicates an imminently hazardous situation. It calls
attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, will result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
DANGER signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
CAUTION
DANGER

DMTA-10055-01EN, Rev. A, February 2015
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 8
The WARNING signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls
attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The CAUTION signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls
attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, may result in minor or moderate personal injury, material
damage, particularly to the product, destruction of part or all of the product, or loss of
data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION signal word until the indicated conditions
are fully understood and met.
Note Signal Words
The following safety symbols could appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The IMPORTANT signal word calls attention to a note that provides important
information, or information essential to the completion of a task.
The NOTE signal word calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like,
which requires special attention. A note also denotes related parenthetical
information that is useful, but not imperative.
The TIP signal word calls attention to a type of note that helps you apply the
techniques and procedures described in the manual to your specific needs, or
provides hints on how to effectively use the capabilities of the product.
WARNING
CAUTION
IMPORTANT
NOTE
TIP