Olympus CHA-P User manual

OLYMPUS POLARIZING MICROSCOPE
no CHAP

This instruction manual has been written for the use of the Olympus Polarizing Micro-
scope Model CHA-P. It is recommended to read the manual carefully in order to
familiarize yourself fully with the use of the microscope on the polarizing attachment
so that you can obtain the best performance and effectiveness.
IMPORTANT
Observe the following points carefully:
m Operation
1. Always handle the microscope with the care it deserves, and avoid abrupt motions.
2. Avoid exposure of the microscope to direct sunlight, high temperature and humidity,
dust and vibration.
If the microscope is used in ambient temperature higher than 40°C (104°F), it may
(ide its proper function. )
3. Only use the tension adjustment ring for altering the tension of the coarse adjustment.
Do not twist the two coarse adjustment knobs in the opposite directions simultane-
ously, which might cause damage.
4. Ascertain that the line voltage selector switch on the base plate is set to conform with
the local mains voltage.
= Maintenance
1. Lenses must always be kept clean. Fine dust on lens surfaces should be blown or
wiped off by means of an air blower or a clean brush, Carefully wipe off oil or finger-
prints deposited on the lens surfaces with gauze moistened with a small amount of
xylene, alcohol or ether.
2. Do not use organic solutions to wipe the surfaces of various components. Plastic
Parts, especially, should be cleaned with a neutral detergent.
3. Never diassemble the microscope for repair.
4. The microscope should be stored in its container immediately after use. If this is
not possible, it should be covered with a vinyl dust cover.
5. Disconnect the line cord from the AC power source before fuse replacement.

νι.
VII.
CONTENTS
STANDARD EQUIPMENT... 44444444 i ci va va ela e lee 2
NOMENCLATURE: : saxo es 44 Si gu sar va va alam vü sales vü 3
ASSEMBLY os ee morose nue sin ez iü iy Gele da e da 8 4
IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS ........ 5
OPERATION 7
a Adjustment of Minimum Line Voltage
2. Interpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments
3. Polarizer Alignment. > srmn su ema ge Ka guns ale Rw ee es BE Be 8
4. Centering the Stage ...................................... 9
δι Centering the Objectives
6. Use of Aperture Iris Diaphragm
% Focusing Adjustment sus am s rra o o siirleri vi m ür öle 10
8. Orthoscopic Observation
9. Conoscopic Observation ..........................,........ 11
OPTICAL DATA 12
TROUBLESAOOTİNG sema sz erir e e esimi 5 en ο ο a 13

一 一 —
I. STANDARD EQUIPMENT
Model
CHA-P-051 CHA-P-651
Component
rc CHAR 1
Intermediate polarizing attachment AH-PA 1 1
Quarter wave plate (retardation 147.3my) AH-TP147 1 1
Sensitive tint plate (retardation 530 my) AH-TP530 1 1
Polarizing monocular tube (45°) CH-PMO 1 0
Polarizing binocular tube (30°) BH-PBI 0 1
Swing-out polarizing condenser BH-POC 1 1
Halogen lamp socket C-LSH-B 1 1
Halogen bulbs 6V 10WHAL 2 2
PO 4X 1 1
Objectives (strain-free) PO10X 1 1
PO40X 1 1
AH-WF10X 0 1
Eyepieces
AH-Micro WF10X 1 1
Spare fuses (0.5A for 100-110-120V or 0.3A for 220-240V) 2 2
Vinyl dust cover

II. NOMENCLATURE
Photo: Model CHA-P-651. Model CHA-P-051 is also available by modification of some
components.
Eyepiece
Observation tube
Revolving nosepiece
Intermediate polarizing
attachment
Microscope stand
Condenser
Base

Ill. ASSEMBLY
The picture below illustrates the sequential procedure of assembly. The numbers indicate
the assembly order of various components. Remove dust caps before mounting components.
Take care to keep all glass surfaces clean, and avoid scratching the surfaces.
Insert the objective 10X into © Evepiece
the fixed aperture of the nose-
piece.
™ © Observation tube
Quarter wave plate
E
- -
Sensitive
tint
@
Intermediate
polarizing
tube
pinta Attach the tube to the stand
acai =
© Objective | gerek
compensator
=
Condenser
©
— |
©
< ーー OF
Halogen
lamp
Socket
Aligning red dots, on con-
denser mount and condenser,
insert the condenser into the
mount from below.
Microscope stand
Clamping screw
with the letters "OLYMPUS"
facing in front of the micro-
scope.
Clamping screw
8) To AC outlet

IV.
IDENTIFICATION
AND
FUNCTION
OF
VARIOUS
COMPONENTS
Observation tube
clamping screw
Compensator plate
Analyzer positioning screw
Analyzer rotation screw BO.
Observation tube clamping screw
Nosepiece centering screw Se 7 =
Analyzer scale
Tension adjustment ring
Stage clip
Stage sae
Rotatable 360'
Coarse adjustment knob
Clamping screw for stage
rotation
Fine adjustment
knob
Graduated in incre-
ments of 24.
Polarizer positioning
screw
Main
switch
as
Rheostat trimmer screw
Sliding contro! lever
For continuously variable light
intensity.
After switching on, if necessary,
rotate this screw with a coin until
the bulb is dimly li
sliding control lever at minimum
Position.
Grounding terminal
Fuse holder
Line voltage selector switch
Set the switch to conform with
the local mains voltage.

Mechanical tube length adjust-
ment rings
Bertrand lens turret ring
Engraved letters "IN" for in.
sertion of Bertrand lens into
the light path; “OUT” for
removal of the Bertrand lens
from the light path.
Bertrand lens focusing ring
Condenser height
adjustment knob
Stage centering screw
Automatic pre-focusing lever
Aperture iris diaphragm ring
Numerical aperture scale grad-
uated.
= Polarizer scale
Reading to 5°
Swing-out knob for top lens
Polarizer rotation ring
Condenser N.A. is 0.9
(when top lens swings
out N.A, is 0.25)
Filter mount
Accepts 45mm-diam.
ilters.
Bulb mount
Lamp
house clamping knob
The lamp house cover can be
opened by pulling down the
knob; or closed by pushing it up
until it snaps in place.
Before pushing, ascertain that the
knob is positioned as shown in
the picture right, marked with
x O

-
Cut
Here
-
Summary of Putting the Microscope in Operation
A. Match the line voltage selector switch to local mains voltage (see page 5).
B. Switch on the light source.
C. Adjust the trimmer screw until the bulb is dimly lit (page 7).
D. © Place a specimen slide on the stage.
E. Remove the Bertrand lens and analyzer from the light path.
F. Coarse focus with the 10X objective.
G. Make interpupillary and diopter adjustments (page 7).
H. Center the stage (page 9).
|. Center objectives other than 10X (page 9).
J. Swing in the desired objective.
Set the condenser, analyzer and Bertrand lens correctly according to your microscopic
purpose (page 10 and 11).
L. Adjust light intensity
Fine focus.
N. Adjust aperture iris diaphragm (page 9).
Adjustment of Illumination System
Microscopic 5 Bertrand Condenser
Objective
method lens top lens
Orthoscople | 4x to 10x OUT OUT
observation
Conoscopic | 20x to 100X IN IN
observation
For biological use, however, remove the analyzer, Bertrand lens and sensitive tint plates.
* Cut off this page at dotted line and put it on the wall near the microscope for use as a re-
minder of microscopic procedure.
OLYMPUS

V. OPERATION
1. Adjustment of Minimum Line Voltage
The minimum voltage required for the light source can be adjusted with the rheostat trim-
mer screw at the microscope base plate in accordance with the line voltage and frequency.
The built-in rheostat incorporates a thyristor in its semi-conductor circuit for the following
advantages:
(a) Extremely fine adjustment of light intensity can be easily achieved.
(b) Flickering of the bulb filament is eliminated and the light intensity is stabilized.
(c) Increased life expectancy of the bulb.
For adjustment of the minimum line voltage, ascertain
that the voltage selector switch is set to conform with
the local mains voltage, and the sliding control lever 2)
is positioned closest to you (low voltage), and then
activate the main switch @). If the bulb is dimly lit,
the secondary voltage is correct. If it is not lit at all,
rotate the rheostat trimmer screw @) gradually with a
coin, until the bulb is dimly lit; then push the sliding
control lever forward in order to obtain optimum light
intensity. (Fig. 1)
Fig. 1
2. Interpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments
1) Insert the eyepiece @) with cross hairs into the right
eyepiece tube of the binocular tube, aligning the ©
positioning slot @) and positioning pin ©). (Fig. 2)
* When the eyepiece positioning pin is inserted into the
lower slot on the tube, the cross lines in the eyepiece
coincide with the vibration direction of polarizer and
analyzer at O“ settings. When inserted into the other
slot, the cross lines are at 45° to the direction of
vibration. (This is the same with the monocular
tube.) Fig.2
Then insert the other eyepiece into the left tube.

2) Looking through the right eyepiece (with cross hairs)
with your right eye, rotate the diopter adjustment
ring @ until the cross hairs are sharply focused.
(Fig. 3)
3) Looking through the both eyepieces with both eyes,
adjust the interpupillary distance, sliding the knurled
dovetail slides 2) of the right and left eyepiece tubes,
until perfect binocular vision is obtained.
4) Memorize your interpupillary distance setting by
reading the scale @) Fig. 3
5) Rotate the tube length adjustment ring @ on the right eyepiece tube to match your
interpupillary distance setting which you obtained from the scale.
6) Look at the image through the right eyepiece with your right eye and focus on the
specimen with the coarse and fine adjustment knobs.
7) Look at the image through the left eyepiece with your left eye and rotate the tube length
adjustment ring (5) to focus on the specimen without using the coarse and fine adjust-
ment knobs.
. Polarizer Alignment
1) Push the analyzer D into the light path, and make
sure that both polarizer and analyzer are set at posi-
tion “0” to attain the “Crossed filter” position. Then
loosen the clamping screw (2) of the condenser.
(Fig. 4)
2
Remove the specimen out of the light path so thata |
transparent area comes into the light path. Keeping |
the polarizer at the “O” position, rotate the polarizer
rotation ring @) until the optimum extinction is
obtained, then clamp the ring. (Fig. 4)

4. Centering the Stage
1) Looking through the eyepiece and objective 10X, determine some particular point, as
you like, in the specimen image and coincide this point with the center of the cross hairs
of the eyepiece.
2) Rotating the stage, coincide
the center of the rotation of
a specimen point with the cen-
ter of the cross hairs by means
of the two centering screws (1),
(Fig. 5)
* Repeat this procedure until
the centration is secured.
Circular path of
specimen point
Fig. 5
5. Centering the Objectives
This centration is required for all PO objectives except
the objective PO 10X.
1) Insert a centering wrench (1) into each centering
screw of the nosepiece. (Fig. 6)
2) By means of the two centering wrenches, coincide the
center of the cross hairs to the rotation center of the
specimen.
3) After all objectives are centered, remove the centering
wrenches.
6. Use of Aperture Iris Diaphragm
Adjust the opening of the aperture iris diaphragm
according to various conditions such as the numerical
aperture of the objective, image contrast, depth of
focus, and flatness of field. Generally it is often prefera- > 70 80%
ble to stop down the aperture iris diaphragm to 70% 30—20%
or 80% of the N. A. of the objective. A À) ^
After the eyepiece is removed from the observation
tube, if necessary, look through the observation tube
and check the opening of the aperture diaphragm
at the objective pupil.

7. Focusing Adjustment
1) Tension adjustment of coarse adjustment knobs
A tension adjustment ring @ is provided next to the
right hand coarse adjustment knob. With this device
the tension of the coarse adjustment is freely adjust-
able for either heavy or light movement depending on
operator preference. (Fig. 7)
However, do not loosen the tension adjustment ring
too much, because the stage drops, or the fine ad-
justment knobs slip easily.
* Be careful not to rotate the right and left coarse
adjustment knobs in the opposite directions simul-
taneously.
2) Pre-focusing lever
This lever @ is locked after coarse focus has been
accomplished. It prevents further upward travel
of the stage by means of the coarse adjustment
knobs, and automatically provides a limiting stop
if the stage is lowered and then raised again. (Fig. 8) NS
8. Orthoscopic Observation
Fig. 8
1) Swing out the top lens of the condenser.
In principle, polarized light enters the light path parallel to the optical axis, to enable
observation of the optical characteristics of the specimen. However, this method will
darken the field of view and lower the resolving power of the objective extremely. There-
fore, swing out the top lens of the condenser, using only the lower aperture of the lower
condenser lens.
2) Insert the analyzer into the light path, and attain crossed filter position with analyzer
and polarizer at 0° setting. At this position, the polarizer vibration is in the north-south
direction, and the analyzer vibration in the east-west direction. To open the filter posi-
tion, pull out the analyzer rotation screw.
3
Rotate the stage until extinction of the image is attained.
From this position, rotate the stage by 45° to obtain the diagonal position, at which
position, the retardation angle is measured.
10

4) Insert the quarter wave plate or sensitive tint plate into the slot in the intermediate
polarizing tube.
* A Berek compensator is optionally available to measure the birefringence of a specimen.
Sensitive tint plate Quarter wave plate Berek compensator
9. Conoscopic Observation
1) Swing in the top lens of the condenser, and illuminate the specimen with no need to
immerse between the condenser and specimen slide.
2) Bring the specimen into focus, rotate the Bertrand lens turret ring into the IN position.
3) Focus on the interference figure formed at the back focal plane of the objective from
20X to 100X.
The pinhole cap provided may be used in place of the eyepiece to directly view the
interference figure mentioned above. In this case, the Bertrand lens is disengaged.
11

VI. OPTICAL DATA
Objective || Magnification PO4X PO10X PO20X | PO40x | *PO100X
Ν.Α. 0.10 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.30
W.
D. (mm) 18.77 6.78 1.58 0.61 0.11
Focal length (mm) 28.45 16.08 8.13 4.33 181
Resolving power () 3.4 13 0.84 0.52 0.26
(Spring (Spring
Eyepiece loaded) | loaded)
csx Total magnification 20x 50X 100X 200X 500X
(Field Focal depth (u) 300.0 48.0 15.56 4.99 1.05
number 21) | Field of view (mm) 5.25 21 1.05 0.53 0.21
Total magnification 40x 100X 200X 400X 1,000X
pos Focal depth (u) 172.5 27.60 9.19 3.03 0.66
Field of view (mm) 45 18 09 0.45 018
Immersion objective. Resolving power is obtained when the objective is used at full aperture
diaphragm.
The eyepieces K5X and WF10X incorporate a sliding eye shield. This shield can be pulled
out to prevent glare and loss of contrast caused by ambient light hitting the eye.
O W.D. (Working distance):
The distance between the specimen or cover glass and the nearest point of the objective.
O N.A. (Numerical aperture):
The numerical aperture represents a performance number which could be compared to
the relative aperture (f-number) of a camera lens. N.A. values can be used for directly
comparing the resolving powers of all types of objectives. The larger N.A., the higher the
resolving power.
© Resolving power:
The ability of a lens to register small details. The resolving power of a lens is measured by
its ability to separate two points.
© Focal depth:
The distance between the upper and lower limits of sharpness in the image formed by an
optical system.
© Field number:
A number that represents the diameter in mm of the image of the field diaphragm that is
formed by the lens in front of it.
© Field of view diameter: The actual size of the field of view in mm.

Vil. TROUBLESHOOTING
Troubles
Causes Remedies
1. Optical System
(a)
With the illuminator
switched on, the field
of view cannot be seen.
The condenser is lowerd exces-
sively.
Raise the condenser to the upper
limit.
Analyzer and polarizer are in the
“crossed filter” position (“0:0”).
Set them at the position "0:90" or
“90:0”.
(b) The field of view is cut | The nosepiece is not click stopped. | Slightly rotate the nosepiece until
off or illuminated irreg- it clicks into position.
ularly.
The condenser is not correctly | Re-insert the condenser all the way.
mounted on the ring mount.
The sensitive tint plate is stopped | Push the plate all the way until it
midway. clicks.
In case of orthoscopic observation, | Swing it out of the light path.
the condenser top lens stays in the
light path or stops midway.
(ο) Dust or dirt is visible in | Dust or dirt on the glass surface at
the field of view. the light exit on the base,
Dust on condenser top lens. Clean off the dust or dirt.
Dirty specimens.
Dust on eyepiece.
(d) Excessive image contrast. | The condenser is lowered exces- | Raise the condenser.
sively.
The aperture iris diaphragm is stop- | Open the diaphragm.
ped down excessively.
(e) Resolution problems: The objective is not correctly posi- | Slightly rotate the nosepiece until
О Image is not sharp. tioned in the light path. it clicks into position.
© Insufficient contrast.
O Image details lack defini-
tion.
Dirt on objective front lens. Clean the objective.
The immersion objective is used
without immersion oil.
Apply immersion oil.
Bubbles in the immersion oil.
Remove bubbles.
The Olympus designated oil is not
used.
Use the designated oil.
13

Troubles Causes Remedies
Dirty specimen.
Dust on condenser lens.
Clean.
The field of view is par-
tially out of focus.
The objective is not correctly po-
sitioned in the light path.
Slightly rotate the nosepiece until
it clicks into position.
The specimen is not correctly posi-
tioned on the stage.
Place the specimen on the stage and
secure it with the specimen clips.
The image goes out of
focus eccentrically.
The objective is not correctly posi-
tioned in the light path.
Slightly rotate
the nosepiece until
it clicks into position.
When objectives are
changed, they are not
parfocal.
The mechanical tube length is not
correctly adjusted.
Adjust with the tube length adjust-
ment rings on the observation tube.
Light intensity does not
increase although the
voltage is raised.
The condenser is lowered exces-
sively.
Raise the condenser.
The condenser does not
come to the correct posi-
tion for optimum extinc-
tion.
The observation tube and condens-
er are not correctly mounted.
Re-mount them correctly.
No conoscopic image can
be seen.
The condenser top lens is not in
the light path.
Swing it in.
The crossed filter posi-
tion is not attained.
The analyzer is out of the light
path.
Push it in.
2. Electric System
(a) The
illuminator is too
bright (or too dark).
The rheostat trimmer screw is not
matched to the mains voltage.
Adjust the trimmer screw to match
the mains voltage.
The mains voltage is too high (or
too low).
Adjust the mains voltage with a
variable voltage transformer.
The rheostat trimmer screw is not
correctly adjusted.
Adjust it correctly.
(b) Output voltage for the il-
luminator cannot be reg-
ulated.
The voltage selector switch is not
matched to the mains voltage.
Adjust the mains voltage selector
switch to the mains voltage.
The mains voltage is too low or too
high.
Adjust the mains voltage with a
variable voltage transformer.
14

Troubles Causes
_
Remedies
(c) The light flickers and the
intensity is unstable.
The mains voltage is unstable. Use a variable voltage transformer.
|
The filament of the bulb is likely |
to burn out.
Replace the bulb.
Loose electrical connection.
(d) Fuse burns out too often.
The fuse is not a standard fuse.
|
|
|
]
Secure the connection. |
|
Use a standard fuse. |
The voltage selector switch is not
matched to the mains voltage.
Match the switch to the mains
voltage.
(e) Reduced bulb life. The voltage selector switch is not | Match the selector switch to the
matched to the mains voltage. mains voltage.
The bulb is not a standard bulb. Use a standard bulb.
Mains voltage is too high. Use variable voltage transformer.
3. Focusing
(a) Coarse adjustment is too
tight.
Tension adjustment ring is tighten-
ed too much.
Loosen the tension adjustment ring
properly.
The user is trying to raise the stage
over the upper focusing limit
imposed by the engaged pre-focus-
ing lever.
Unlock the pre-focusing lever.
(b) The stage drops and the
specimen goes out of
The tension adjustment ring is too
loose.
Tighten the ring properly.
focus.
(c) The stage cannot be raised | Pre-focusing lever is engaged in | Unlock the pre-focusing lever.
to the upper limit. lower than focusing position.
(d) The stage cannot be low- | The condenser mount is lowered | Raise the condenser mount.
ered to the lower limit | too much.
of the working range.
(e) The objective front lens | The specimen is mounted on the | Reverse the specimen.
hits against the specimen.
stage upside down.
4. Observation Tube
(a) Incomplete binocular vi-
sion.
Interpupillary distance is not cor-
rectly adjusted.
Correct the interpupillary distance.
15

Troubles Causes
Remedies
Diopter adjustment is incomplete. Complete the diopter adjustment.
Right and left eyepieces are not
matched.
Use pair of matched eyepieces.
The user is unaccustomed to
binocular observation.
Prior to looking at the image of the
specimen, try to look at a far away
object.
5. Stage
(a) The image easily goes out
of focus when you touch
the stage.
The stage is not correctly clamped.
Clamp the stage securely.
(b) The specimen stops mid-
way on the east-west
traverse.
The specimen is not correctly posi-
tioned on the stage.
Adjust the specimen position.
16