Olympus Pom User manual

~
."
o
...
:r>
;0
-
N
-
Z
(i)
-

2I
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
OLYMPUS POLARIZIING MICROSCOPE MODEL POM
The polarizing microscope is a useful instrument to study optical characteristics
of materials by means of polarized light.
A
standard microscope is used to observe shades and colors of a speci men by
trans·illumination or vertical illumimation.
The polarizing microscope further enables the user to observe the optical char.
acteristics of the specimen and to recognize more detailed data. Therefore, even
an extremely minute article may be made an cbject of the observation. In some
cases, based on the optical caracteristics thus obtained, even the chemical elements
of the specimen can be conjectured.
For this reason, a polarizing microscope is widely utilized for the optical
observation and research not only in the field of mineralogy and petrology, but
also in chemistry, pharmacy, biology, medical science, and ceramics, as well as in
chemical and textile industries.
The Olympus Polarizing Microscope Model POM is with an inclined head. It
is equipped with the excellent objective lenses ot 4X to 200X magnifications and
various attachments.
)

+ CHARACTERISTICS
1. Inclined head.
2. Builtin bertland lens. The entire optical system dust-pl·oof.
~. Wide range of lip and down movement of the stage. universal
rotatable stage attachable.
4. Extra accessories such as vertical illumination unit, and photomicro-
graphic equipment.
5. Connecting rod attachable for the synchronous movement of the
polarizer and the analyzer.
6. Wide field eyepieces.
+ SPECIFICATIONS & FEATURES
iVlagnification: 20X·1,OOOX
Ohjectives : Centering type
Tube; 30° inclination, iris diaphragm for the conoscopic obser.
vation, helicoid screw for adjustment of conoscopic image.
Range of Vertical
Movement of the Stage; 70mm, with minimum intervals of 0.005mm
Stage: 140mm in diameter, rotatable through 3600fwil/20° ver-
niersl
with clamping mechanism.
Polari7.er & Analyzer: Polarizing fitter lof Dichrome made. by Mitsubi·
shi Electric CO.I
Polarizer - Rotatable through 360°, with minimum intervals of 5°,
click stop at 0° position.
Analyzer - Rotatable by 90°, with minimum intervals of 5°, with a
clamp.
Bertland :
Test Plates
+ SPECIAL ACCESSORIES
Centerable.
1/4 wave length retardation plate and 'tint plate of 530111/1.
1. Cross Movement Mechanical Stage
2. Berek Compensator with a compeneation table
3. Eyepiece adaptor

+ NAME OF PARTS
eyepiece
tube length
adjusting ring
Bertland lens
fixing
ring
Bertland lens
centering knob
Tube fixing ring
Angle Indicator
Dial
Test plate Inserting
Winodw
Stuge plate
Clip
Stage Clamp
Fine Adj. HJndle
Clamping lever' for
Coarse Adjustment
Coarse adjustment.
arm.
Objectives
standard Test plates
iris diaphragm
Ifor conoscopic ubs.l
Bertland lens centering
knob
Inserting & Rotating
Lever for Analyzer
Centering knob for
objective
Objective
Rotating Stage
Vernier
Iris Diaphragn Lever
Swing out knob
Polarizer Rotating dial.
Substage condenser dial.
mirror
Base
Eyepieces

+ OPTICAL PATH -
)
mirror
)

+ ASSEMBLY
Key
Attochment Container
mirror
Test plates
ceder Filter
oil
Objective
Attachment
Container
Sp.
Rox
condenser
tube
Contained in the Allochment
Container are:
Tube
Condenser
Reflector (mirror!
Objectives
Eyepieces
Test Plates
Clips
Ceder Oil
Filter
Certificate
of Inspec-
tion
frames
.)
j
1
1
1
5
3
2
2
1btl.
1
1. Remove fixing screws and frames to take out the body from the
cabinet.
2. Take the tube from the Attachment Container and set it onto the
body. Turn the fixing ring till it no further goes,
3. Attach the condenser, the objective, and the evepiece in the same
order as in th'e case of a standard microscope.
4, Fix the reflector and clips.
5, Also included in the Attachment Container are a bottle of ceder oil )\
and afilter. Use them as required during the observation,

)
+ CAUTIONS:
1. A sudden change in humidity and temperature causes moisture on
the surface of the lens, resulting into the hazy effect during an
observation. It further brings about mildews and corrosion'. In
general, ahigh temperature is not preferrable.
2. Avoid giving a severe impact to the instrument. The very fine adjust.
ment may be ruined. Be sure to carry the instrument carefully.
3. After its use, wipe off ceder oil at the tip of the objective with a
piece of
gauze soaked with xylene; if anisole is used, simply clean
it with apiece of dry gauze. Any trace of oil left on the surface
of the lens will cause an adverse effect on it.
4.
Dust, along with humidity, will also cause an adverse effect and
mildews on the lens. The instrument is dust-proof but an utmost
precaution will never do a harm. Especially, dust accumulated in
the optical path from the polarizer to the analyzer, will cause the
bi.refringence resulting inlo alow contrast. After the use, therefore
be sure to cover it with the alastic cover provided. If it is not to
be used for along
time, return it to the cabinet.
5. The polarizing filters used for the polarizer and the analyzer will
become inferior in its efficiency if exposed to the temperature over
60°(. It is risky to expose it to sunshine or to the strong illumina-.
tion for aprolonged
time.
6. A microscope is a very finely adjusted instrument. Refrain from
disassembling the mechanical parts. Particularly the optical system
requires arigid and minute adjustment and, therefore, must
absolutely be left to the specialist. In case of any neeessity for
repair, please contact our company or our agents.

j':
+ BODY
Arm & Bed:
The arm which has been carefully desig-ned con-
sidering" I he center of gravity while being carried,
alon>: with the slable !>ed, firmly holds the inclined
head. F()cusin~~ is perfol-mecl by up-and-down move-
ment of the slilge Iran.C!: of nl0Vell1<'nl-70ml11, with fine
adjustment intervals of 51'1. This fixecl·lle~d system
ensures an accurZie focus during a prolonged observa-
tion and keeps the obser\'~r free of fatigue because of
the fixed eye-level. /\11 oper~llional parts are placed at
the lower part of the microscope enabling the user an
easy operation without chimging the posture.
Mirror:
The foot of the reflecting mirror
sits in the receptacle on the bed
and can be turned to any direc·
tion. It can easily be removed by
hand and replaced with the illu-
minator.
iris diaph.
lever
8I
polarizer rota tion
dial
Condenser:
It moves vertically (up and downl by a rack and pInIon.
The top position is the optimum stop for the conoscopic observation.
The top condenser lens swings out, i:e. it can be swung out or set
back by the handle provided. The opening is 0.9 with the top lens
and 0.25 without, suited for the conoscopic and orthoscopic observations
respectively.
Polarizer: Set in at the bottom of the condenser: rotatable through
360°, with minimum intervals of 5°; click stop at Uc;a color-tempera-
ture converting filter att<lchable.
Iris Diaphragm: The lever stop scale indicates the diameter of the
diaphragm [mm). The female screw bored at the scale 180
0
of thc
polarizer rotaion indicator is used for the connecting rod for the sync-
hronus movement of polarizer and the analyzer.
condenser· swing-out
knob
)

)
+ BODY
Circular Rotating Stage:
Outer diameter-140mm; the stage plate outer diameter-60mm. the
inner diameter-15mm; smooth rotation by means of ball-bearings; with
3600scale and J/20° verniers; may be cL!mped at any position; 4 holes
for clip fixing. 3 holes for mechanical stage setting, 2 holes for univer-
sal stage setting; a ring provided at the bottom of the stage for the
connecting rod for the analyzer and the polarizer.
Mechanica I Stage !cross-movement);
The mechanical stage IS attached to the rotating stage. Then a
slide glass is set onto it and the portion of the specimen to be examin-
ed is aligned with the center of the rotating stage. The maximum
range of movement. in four directions-back & forth and left & right.
is 30mm each and readings may be obtained as small as O.lmm on
verniers: In such a case as the observation of ores by the vertical
illumination, first fix the specimen on tbe slide glass by rubber. etc.,
and set tbe glass onto the mechanical stage. The bandpress for the
metallurgical microscope can be used to prepare a specimen.

+ BODY
Iris Diaphragm:
When the Bertland lens is inserted
the specimen forms its image at the
vicinity of the iris diaphragm lin the
middle of the head!. When an observ-
er's interest is centered at a certain
portion of the specimen, this diaphragm
is used to cover up the unnecessary
portions .
.Inserting Ond Rotating Lever for the
Analyzer:
When the lever is pulled out to the
fullest,
the analyzer is set in the optical
path. It can he rotated throngh 90°
as illustrated. The analyzer is usually
kept in the optical path during the
observation, except for a standard
observation.
When the lever is pushed in as
illustrated, the analyzer will not work
and this is the position used for a
normal observation.
Head:
The inclined head with an angle of 30°,
when the instrument is placed on a desk of the
normal height, avails the observer a comfortable
of the observation, as the eyepiece will position
at the height of approximately 36el1l from the
bed.
Bertland Lens:
Set at the iower part of the inclined head
is the shifting knob for the Bertland lens along
with its centering knob. With this lens on, the
interferential figure formed at the back focusing
plain of
the objective mav be observed.
)

)
+
BODY
Tube Length Adjustment Ring:
registration
pin slots
By means of ahelicoid screw inside the adjustment ring, the tube
length will be adjusted from 1600101 (position OJ to 167mm (position 71.
For an orthoscopic observation, use position O. For an orthoscopic
observation, use position O. For aconoscopic observation, the position
of the interferential image will be different according to the objective
used and, therefore, the tube length must be adjusted so as to obtain
the clearest conoscopic image.
The most preferrable tube lengths according to each objeetive are
as follows:
OBJECTIVE
1------------- --
TUBE LENGTH
(Positionl
Registration Pin:
P020X
4.5-5.0
P040X
4-4.5
P0100X I
I
0.7.1.~
Two slots for the registration pin are cut on the eyepiece tube
(of 300101 inner diameterl. Facing from the observer, if the registration
pin is inserted in the righthand side siot, the cross line in the eyepiece-
will align with the vibrating di rection of the analyzer position 0 and the
poralizer position O. If it is inserted into the other slot the cross line
will
align diagonally.

+ BODY
Objectives:
P0100x
P040X
P020x POlOx P04X
Excellent strain-free lenses carefully screened are encased in a holder
indicating- the magnification.
r~AGNIFICATI~-- 4X -t-IOX-I-ZOX'- 40X - f-lO~X
_ N~~E;;~~L ;~~;~URES 0.1 _ ~2~ __ ~~O ~_~~ _~~_
WORKING DISTANCES 35.0 5.6 1.55 0.56 O,141mml
L- _ .. . . _
On each holder is attached a centering knob. Insert the objective
from the right hand side of the tube and turn 900 to the left.
. Eyepieces:
))
PW10X
Regissration
pin
PW7~<
Registration
pin
PW5x
The cross line in each wide-field eyepiece can be aligned with the
direction of the vibration by the registration pin. The eyepiece can be
heightened or lowered by the helicoid screw to adjust the eye sight.
VIEW FIELD
- -PW· 5X --"29.0,1 With cro~~I:~j
l-PW 7X -24.0 --O,1mn~--;~
'- ---
IPyVlOX 2~~.a_eit~_ c~~sslin-=-
The pin.hole cap, a special attachment, can be used, replacing an eye·
piece, for a general observation of the interferential image without the
help of the Bertland lens.
):
pin.hole cap

life BODY
Test Plates:
Insert the 1/4 wave length retardation plate Imica 147m,1'l or the
ting plate Igypsum 530m/1) into the provided windw at an angle of 45°.
They are used for examiation of the bi-refringence or warps and for
determination of the axis.
+ SPECIAL ACCESSORIES:
Berek Compensator:
Angle Indicator Dial.
A
piece of calcite is set in this compensator to measure the
bi-refringence of the specimen. The compensator is inserted into the
test plate window. Readings taken from the angle indicator dial
combined with the data taken from the attached compensation curve
table will determine the retardation.
A bi-refringent specimen may be set at the extinct position stage
45° by the scale and clamp it at the diagonal posittion. Then insert
the compensator, turn the dial until the interferential color in zero
order appears in the center of the field. Take the reading of the
angle. Compare it on the compensation curve and obtain the micron
valus of the retardation. If the order doesn't lessen even by turning
the compensation dial, turn the specimen 90° and repeat the same
procedure.
At the position of 30° on the indicator dial, the tcst plate will
become perpendicular to the optical axis with 0 retardation; therefore,
insertion and removal of the test plate is performed at this position.
If it is overly slanted it will get stuck at the inserting window.
Eyepiece Adaptor.
If the observer prefers to use an evepiece of
a standard microscope [with a smaller .lIS diamet-
en, he may remove the ['O\'[ eyepiece and replace
with this adaptor. Then the normal evepiece may
be inserted in it. This will make possible the
of the general eyepieces, grain-size measuring
evepieces, other specialized eyepieces.

+ OBSERVATION METHODS:
Standard:
When the instrument is to be used as (standardl microscope, the
polarizer, test plate, and the Bertland lens are riot necessry. In principle
those are to be removed from the optical path, but ordinarily the pola-
rizer is left in operation.
Orthoscopic:
With the microscope properly set for this type of the observation,
only the light passing in almost parallel to the optical axis will enter
the view field, thus enabling the user to observe the optical characteris-
tics of the specimen in that direction.
In principle the parallel light source is to be applied, but since this
will darken the field and lower the resolving power of the lens extreme·
Iy, it may be alluminated by allowing the low aperture at the lower
condenser lens only Iswinging out the top lensl. Therefore, mainly the
low magnification objectives of 20X, or under, are utilized. It is reco-
mmended to adjust the contrast by means of the aperLure diaphragm
at the bottom of the condenser in accordance with the objective used.
The centering knob on the objective fixing ring can be utilized to
align the center of the specimen with that of the view field.
Conosopic:
It is necessary to illuminate the specimen by corn lighting. Put the
top condenser lens back into the position, then attach a high magnifica-
tion objective, such as 40X or lOOX. After appropriate foc'(ising on the
specimen, insert the Bertland lens and now focus on the interferential
fringe formed at the back focusing plain of the objective lbcteer known
as the conoscopic image}. by helicoid movement of the tube.
Also a pin.hole cap may be used in place of an eyepiec<: to directly
observe the interferential image mentioned above. In this case the
Bertland lens is moved out of the position.
If only a portion of the specimen is of interest to the observer,
he must first remove the Bertland lens, align the center of the stage
with that of the view field, then place the specimen at that center and
trim the field to the desired portion by operating the iris diaphragm.
Put the Bertland lens back into the position, obtain its center by the center-
ing knobs provided, and align it with the center of the ocular field. Now
it is ready for the observation of the deviation of the interferential
fringe or its measurement by a scaled eyepiece.
)
)

• :t I) ;"'-.J'AO)M~v;",- ;;(t::ttl!!..;m;iJ<
A""J"L\.\a:T
o
&"lill, }; :HJ:.!f(7)J:t~m v /' 7; ~= Ii, ~;m;tJ'
A...,-C~,;t-to
-: i1. Ii, :t·t~ v/,;( 1= $(~ ~ tL -C~, ,o>1iol-$
.m~~~(-ct, =(7)~;m;~X~~, ffl
$h<;bh' ~ J: -5 l:lfx.t.&~'H>J(7)fil! ~~t..., I..:. b
(7)-C-To
~t.&pii~aJj:;!}I= Ii. e*(7)~!l.ajj ~ L -(;h I)
;t -lt1v1J', l]Lu,-!,I,tT2c(7),m') E>3iH: AiL-(
I) i -t (7) -C" ,~'(€ 62, (7) J::. ,:ff ~'h I: fl'iffl L -C
, ~ ~\o
• OLYMPUS OB-JECTIVE HAS
ITS COLOUR BAND
THE OLYMPUS OBJECTIVE, you just
pu rchased, has a colour band on it,
This new step has been adopted for
your convenience, that you may unders·
tand the magnification, if you only
see the colour, without looking at
the magnification number engraved on
the tube, Though there is no mention
about the colour band in the instruction
book let, upon your recogni t ion of our
new colour system, the olympus products
wait for your further efficient usage,
!:t
to/J ffl
~ ItA
m
flf
i:.p
atE
IHl
1S
Biological use
Metallurgical use
Range of
Colour
Plan
FI Ach Plan
Ach
magn if ica ti Oil
'!l'-
Purple
1.3X 1.3X 0
-Less
thull 2X
,,~
?f-.
Brown 2X 2X 2X-Less than IIX
;Jf-
Red
4X 4X
5X
5~1
II X -Less than 7X
6X
m
Orange
lOX
lOX lOX
lOX-'
7X -Less
than 20X
1lt
Yellow 20X 20X 20X
20X
20X -Less than i\OX
1f1i.o'k
Brill iant green 40X 40X 40X 40X
40X
40X-Less than
60X
"mJf; Cobalt blue 60X
60X - Less than 100 X
iR~:
Light blue
IOOX LOOX lOOX lOOX LOOX
!lOOX, and
over
f!I.~ Colour band
.OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO., LTD.