Pulnix TM-9701 Manual

Table of Contents
1. Discharge Principle of CCD......................................................................................................
1.1 Substrate Drain Shutter Mechanism..................................................................
1.2 Asynchronous Shutter........................................................................................
2. Shutter Speed Control...............................................................................................................
2.1 External Double Pulse Mode..............................................................................
2.2 Internal Fast Reset Mode...................................................................................
2.3 Internal Slow Reset Mode..................................................................................
3. Factory Setting and Board Layouts.........................................................................................
3.1 Top Board...........................................................................................................
3.2 Bottom Board.....................................................................................................
4. Digital Output Connector...........................................................................................................
5. Connector Pin Configurations..................................................................................................
6. Shutter Control Switch..............................................................................................................
7. Vinit Double Pulse Generator....................................................................................................
8. Frame Memory............................................................................................................................
9. Progressive Scanning...............................................................................................................
10. Digital Output Pulses.................................................................................................................
10.1 Digital Video.......................................................................................................
10.2 Line Data Valid...................................................................................................
10.3 Frame Data Valid................................................................................................
10.4 Pixel Clock..........................................................................................................
11. Progressive Scan Camera Pixel Map and Timing Chart.........................................................
11.1 Pixel Mapping...................................................................................................
11.2 Vertical Frame Timing.........................................................................................
12. Block Diagram............................................................................................................................
13. Signal Delay................................................................................................................................
14. Specifications.............................................................................................................................
15. Physical Dimensions.................................................................................................................
16. 30 Conductor Digital Cable Assembly......................................................................................
1
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5
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9
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13

TM-9701 ASYNCHRONOUS RESET FULL FRAME SHUTTER CAMERA OPERATION
The TM-9701 is designed to accommodate an ON-LINE inspection reset mechanism with full frame shutter.
It takes external horizontal sync to lock the camera and VINIT pulse for resetting the camera asynchronously.
The shutter speed can be controlled by either an external double pulse or internal shutter speed control with a
10-position dial switch on the back panel.
1. Discharge Principle of CCD
1.1 Substrate Drain Shutter Mechanism
Normal operation requires the CCD chip to construct an individual potential well at each image cell. The
potential wells are separated from each other by a barrier. The barrier is sequentially removed to transfer
the charge from one cell to another by pixel clock. This is the basic principle of CCD operation for charge
transfer. The substrate drain vertically moves the charges. When excess potential is applied to substrate
underneath each cell, a potential barrier is pulled down to release the charge into the drain. This can
happen to all the cells simultaneously, whereas normal CCD shuttering is achieved with a horizontal charge
shift to the drain area by interline transferring or reverse transferring of the frame transfer chip.
1.2 Asynchronous Shutter
For Async Shutter mode, set jumper W4 of bottom board open and provide external Hd for phase locking.
When the negative going reset pulse is applied, the camera will latch the falling edge to its next horizontal
drive and reset vertical sync timing immediately. Therefore, the horizontal phase won't be interrupted. The
TM-9701 asynchronous camera outputs a full frame of shuttered video in progressive or interlace format
from a frame buffer. The frame buffer is updated upon receiving negative reset pulse. Analog (RS-170) and
8-bit digital (EIA-422) outputs are available.
Surface
Photo cell potential distribution
CCD surface +Potential barrier
Si substrate
Charge drain to substrate
Vsub = normal mode
Vsub = shutter mode
2
VINIT
VD
SG (TRANSFER GATE)
DISCHARGE PULSES
VIDEO
SHUTTER
VIDEO
SAME VIDEO
FROM FRAME MEMORY
PROGRESSIVE OUTPUT
VIDEO
SHUTTER
VIDEO
SAME VIDEO FROM
FRAME MEMORY
INTERLACE OUTPUT
1 FIELD DELAY
DUE TO FRAME
MEMORY
ASYNC RESET
OLD VIDEO
IN MEMORY
OLD VIDEO
IN MEMORY
A1 A2 B1 B2
A1: Odd field from old reset
A2: Even field from new reset
B1: Odd field from reset
B2: Even field from new reset
A1: Odd field from old reset
A2: Even field from new reset
B1: Odd field from new reset
B2: Even field from new reset
Fig. 1
Fig. 2

2. Shutter Speed Control
2.1 External Double Pulse Mode
For external double pulse mode, set dial switch to "9". Apply a double Vinit pulse signal, which can be
generated from an external event trigger ( see page 7), to the camera. Internal reset pulse will be latched to
Hd. The duration from the first VINIT pulse (leading edge) to the second VINIT pulse, X, controls the shutter
speed as follows:
Shutter speed ts = X + 9H - 18H ; 1H = 63.5 µsec; Min. duration (X) = 10H; Min. pulse width = 2H.
E.g: The fastest speed is given when the second pulse is set at 10H from the first pulse leading edge,
the shutter speed is 63.5µsec (10H+9H-18H) or 1/16000 sec.
For 1/1000 sec shutter (1ms = 16 H), set the second pulse at 25H from first leading edge pulse
(25H+9H-18H =16H).
One frame of video output will start from the second leading edge pulse for progressive format. For
interlace format, there is one field delay due to frame memory. The camera will output the same video from
memory when VINIT is kept high (5V) and update the image upon receiving next set of double pulse.
3
18H
9H
X
External
Double
pulse
Hd
Internal Vini
Transfer Gate
Pulse
Discharge puls
Composite
Video
Shutter Speed = (x + 9 - 18) H = (x - 9) H
(min. 10H)
min. 2H
min. 2H
Exposure Tim
Fig. 3

2.2 Internal Fast Reset Mode
For Internal Fast Reset Mode, set 10-position dial switch from "1" to "4". When fast reset mode is
selected, the camera resets with internal VINIT timing, which is latched to Hd, and video output is also
synchronized with internal VINIT timing without further delay. The shutter speed is controlled by the dial
switch.
2.3 Internal Slow Reset Mode
With the Internal Slow Reset mode selected, the camera operates the reset and shutter in the same means
as the external Double Pulse mode. When external VINIT pulse is applied, internal VINIT is latched to Hd
and the second internal VINIT signal is generated to set up the shutter speed period. The shutter speed
is controlled by setting the dial switch from "5" to "8". Video output timing starts right after the second
internal VINIT. For the timing of the second internal reset, LPULSE output of 31-pin connector can be
used.
4
External pulse
Hd
Internal Vini
Transfer Gate
Pulse
Purge pulse (discharg
Composite
Video
9H
Exposure Tim
min. 2H
External pulse
Hd
Internal Vini
Transfer Gate
Pulse
Discharge puls
Composite
Video
9H
EXPOSURE TIME
9H
min. 2H
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

3. Factory Setting and Board Layouts:
3.1 Top Board
W1 AGC/MGC Factory set: MGC
W2 A/D input AGC out or Gamma out. Factory set: G
W3 Gamma 1 (off) or 0.45 (on). Factory set: OFF
W4 Direct Analog/Digital output W4:On (Right) and W5: Open for Direct Analog
W4:Open and W5: Right for Digital
W5 Test Set to Right
W6 Sync select 1: Non-interlace 3: Interlace
W8 Blank select 1: Non-interlace 3: Interlace
W11,15 SHP/SHD phase
W14 RG Phase
W13,16,17 Phase Set to O
W20,22,23,24 Internal/External memory control Factory set: Internal
W21 Interlace/Non-interlace selection Pots
VR1 AGC Set at 2.0 V ±0.1 V
VR2 MGC Set at 1.5 V p-p
VR3 AGC MAX Set at 2.5 V ±0.1 V
VR4 PED Adjust so that video pedestal level is 50 mV ± 15 mV.
VR7 A/D REF Refer to Pulnix internal test procedure.
VR8 D/A GAIN A/D = D/A
3.2 Bottom Board
Shutter speed control
Built in manual shutter control unit
varies the shutter speed. Set jumper
W1 to select manual shutter mode and
asynchronous mode. Use dial switch
to select built in shutter speed.
Potentiometers
VR1 VD phase adjust Adjust VD phase so that Ext. VD and V blanking are lined up.
VR2 PLL Set at mechanical center
Jumper
W1 Manual shutter / Async shutter selection Short: Manual Open:Async
W1
AGC
MGC
J1
J2
10
1
1
2
PR
V1
V2
VSUB
12V
H1
H2
-9V
15V
GND
CCD
GND
J4
1
13 26
14
DO4+
DO5-
DO7+
DO6-
DO0+
DO1-
DO3+
DO2-
CLK+
LDV-
FDV+
ENINT
FDV-`
DO4-
DO5+
DO7-
DO6+
DO0-
DO1+
DO3-
DO2+
CLK-
LDV+
VIDEO
INTEG
VR1 VR2 VR3
W2
W3 W6
W8
13
31
W21
INT N-INT
W4
OFF ON
W5
W22
IE
W25
W23
W24
I
I
E
IE
A
G
ON
OFF
W17
W16
S
OO
S
W13
OS
W11
W15
W14
W12
VR8
AGC MGC AGC
MAX
VR4
PED
D/A REF
J3
J5
VR2 VR1
W4
W1 (Top side)
5

4. Digital Output Connector
An EIA-422 digital output is available from 31-pin high-rel, micro-miniature connector (Airborn MP221-031-243-
2200). The mating connector can be firmly secured to the receptacle for vibration and shock environments.
A common D-sub connector was not used to prevent any vibration problems.
Pin No Signal Description
1 CLK+ Pixel clock(14.318 MHz) output
17 CLK- "
2 LDV+ Line data valid
18 LDV- "
3 FDV+ Field data valid
19 FDV- "
4 GND
20 VINIT External Vinit input (TTL)
5 EXT. HD Ext. HD sync input (TTL)
21 EXT.VD Ext. VD sync input (TTL)
6 INTEG. CONT Integration control input active: Low(TTL)
22 ENINT Enable integration for frame capture (TTL)
7 LPULSE Last pulse for slow mode async pulse
23 GND
8 - 15 DO0+ - DO7+ Digital video output ( 8-bit )
24 - 31 DO0 - - DO7- "
16 GND
Digital output connector is optional.
Mating connector ordering information:
PULNiX part No. 15-1623 Airborn P/N: MP211-031-113-3400
Straight Backshell (cover): 15-1624 MM254-031-000-0000
Cable assembly: Refer to P.13
12-pin connector and cable:
Standard cable is 12 P-02 (2m, 8 conductor cable) for power and external controls.
5. Connector Pin Configurations
12-PIN Connector
1. GND 7. VDIn
2. +12V DC 8. GND
3. GND 9. HDIn
4. Video Out 10. GND
5. GND 11. Integration Control
6. VINIT In 12. GND
1
16
17
31
19
8
10
2
311 12 7
6
5
4
0
4
2
6
7
8
5
3
1
9
SH CONTROL
6. Shutter Control Switch
Manual shutter mode Async reset mode
0 no shutter no shutter
1 1/60 1.0H 1/16000
2 1/125 2.0H 1/8000
3 1/250 4.0H 1/4000
4 1/500 8.0H 1/2000
5 1/1000 16 H 1/1000
6 1/2000 32 H 1/500
7 1/4000 64 H 1/250
8 1/8000 128H 1/125
9 1/16000 Double pulse
Mode 0: Normal mode
Async Mode1-4: Fast mode
Async Mode 5-8: Slow mode
Async Mode 9: Double pulse mode
6

7. VINIT Double Pulse Generator
One of the advantages of the TM-9701 asynchronous camera is the external shutter speed control by
providing a double pulse VINIT signal. The pulses are generally applied from a computer or the frame grabber
system. The first pulse is synchronized with the external trigger edge to reset the camera. The second pulse
is for shutter speed control and creates internal VD and frame grab timing of asynchronously reset video.
Following is a simplified circuit example for external shutter speed control.
VR1.....Pulse duration adjustment for shutter speed control
VR2.....Second pulse width adjustment. It is not important to keep any specific width but enough for frame grab
timing. ( Suggested to be >2H )
VR3.....First pulse width adjustment. In order to obtain effective shutter speed control, it is suggested to be
less than 4H. Optimum width is 2H. 1H = 63.5 µsec.
8. Frame Memory
The TM-9701 has a built-in frame memory in order to convert progressive scanning images to RS-170
interlace scanning images. This feature provides the following advantages:
i) Asynchronously captured images are output as standard continuous video signals so that a normal monitor
or frame grabber can display or process without special asynchronous video grabber.
ii) Integration video is continuously output until the next capture. Normally, the camera cannot output the video
signal during the integration, and the periodic integration causes blinking video signal. The TM-9701 memory
keeps the stored image until the next image is completed so that there is no blank interval during integration.
iii) Digital format of the video output can be used as direct interface with computer. The format is interlace or
progressive.
7
1
2
3
14 15
13
VR1
0.1 100K
VR2
9
10
11
67
O.01
100K
12
VR3
0.01
100K
1
2
3
4
12
11
10
13
9
2
3
4
1
5
1
2
34
5
6
HD IN
VINIT IN
SINGLE PULSE
DOUBLE PULSE
VINIT OUT
74HC221
74HC74
74HC00
Fig. 6

How to activate the frame memory?
A. Asynchronous Reset Mode (Select switch on back plate for ASYNC)
When External VINIT is high ( 5V), the TM-9701 expects the async pulse input. It resets at the negative
going pulse edge and captures the frame regardless of the shutter speed (fast or slow mode). The video is
kept and output continuously during VINIT high. When the next VINIT pulse comes in, the next image is
captured. If the switch is MAN (manual shutter) mode, the video output is real time. Because of the
progressive scan to interlace scanning, the interlace video reacts slower to moving objects than with normal
interlace cameras. (It converts 30 Hz frame into 60 Hz rate and since moving objects are captured at a slow
rate, 60 Hz scanning cannot show faster motion.)
B. Integration
Activate ENINT (Enable Integration) of 31-pin connector (#22) by connecting to 0V (TTL GND) then input
INTEG CONT as active low. During low, the TM-9701 keeps integrating and, upon the rising edge of the
INTEG CONT pulse, it captures the frame and keeps it until next end of integration.
9. Progressive Scanning
Standard TV system scanning is 525 line interlace scanning as specified in RS170. Every other horizontal
line (ODD lines and EVEN lines) are scanned at a 60 Hz rate per field, and completes scanning with two
fields (one Frame) at 30 Hz rate. Because of the interlace scanning, vertical resolution of CCD cameras is
limited at 350 TV lines regardless of horizontal resolution. When electronic shutter is applied, the CCD can
hold only one field of charge at each exposure. Therefore, the vertical resolution of the electronic shutter
camera is only 244 TV lines.
The TM-9701 uses a state-of-the-art CCD called a "Progressive scanning interline transfer CCD" which
scans all lines sequentially from top to bottom at one frame rate (30 Hz). Like a non-interlace computer
screen, it generates a stable crisp image without alternating lines and provides full vertical TV resolution of
484 instead of 350. The interline transfer architecture is also important to generate simultaneous shuttering.
This is different from full frame transfer architecture which requires a mechanical shutter or strobe light in
order to freeze object motion.
The TM-9701 outputs the progressive scan image with electronic shutter in three different formats:
i) Progressive Scanning Analog Output (refer to P.5 for jumper setting)
Straight forward signal output without going through 8-bit A/D, D/A converter. It is useful for higher gray level
resolution than 8-bit (256 levels). It is a real-time CCD output through normal analog video processing into
75Ω1Vp-p output format.
ii) Progressive Scanning Digital and Analog Output (refer to P.5 for jumper setting)
The CCD signal goes through A/D and D/A converters. The frame memory is capable of capturing async
and integration video without having special frame grabbers. The analog output is the same as 75Ω, 1Vp-p
format at 30Hz rate available from BNC and 12 pin connector. The digital output is available from 31-pin
connector with EIA-422 format.
iii) Interlace Scanning Output (Digital and Analog)
By setting switch on the back plate to interlace mode, the TM-9701 outputs normal RS-170 video for
standard monitor display or general purpose video frame grabbers. (Set jumpers W4 ON side). Since the
interlace mode must use a frame memory, it can output captured images of async and integration video. The
first field after asynchronous reset is the previous image. The second field is an even field, and the third field
is an odd field. In orer to capture full frame, the frame grabber must capture the 2nd and 3rd fields. (See
page 2, Fig. 2) Option 51 provides continuous (uninterrupted) video sync output for asynchronously
captured images.
8

10. Digital Output Pulses
10.1 Digital Video
Differential line-driven, 8-bit parallel signal with EIA-422 format. 100Ωoutput termination impedance. Output
from 31-pin connector. The mating connector: Airborn MP211-031-113-4300 (See page 4.)
10.2 Line Data Valid (LDV)
Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. It is active high (+ side is higher than - side) during the
transfer of each line of data. Horizontal line read out.
10.3 Frame Data Valid (FDV)
Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. It is active high during the transfer of each frame data (or
field data for interlace output).
10.4 Pixel Clock
Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. The frequency is 14.31818 MHz.
9
63.55 µSec
1H = 910N
PIXEL CLOCK: 1N = 69.84 nSec.........14.31818MHz
LDV
VIDEO OUT
HD
22N
90N
124N 768N
7N
12N
OB
9N
DUMMY
4H 31H 484H
525H
1H
3H
DUMMY 7H
20H
1H
1H
1.5H 20H
1H
262.5H
241H
262.5H
1H
241.5H
NON-INTERLACE
FDV
INTERLACE
FDV
VIDEO OUT
VIDEO OUT VIDEO OUT
20 nsec
5 nsec
69.8 nsec
N-5 N-4 N-3
DIGITAL DATA
PIXEL CLOCK
48 nsec
PIXEL
N
PIXEL
N+1
PIXEL
N+2
N-2
CDS DELAY = 1N
FRAME MEMORY DELAY = 4N

11. Progressive Scan Camera Pixel Map and Timing Chart
11.1 Pixel Mapping
11.2 Vertical Frame Timing
10
1
10
791 790
789
778
DUMMY ACTIVE PIXEL
OPTICAL BLACK DUMMY
1
777
778
790 791
9
10
119
TOTAL CLOCK PER 1H = 910 (63.5 µsec)
ACTIVE PIXEL
DUMMY
778
HORIZONTAL RESET
CCD LINE CONTENT
PIXEL CLOCK
BLANK
CCD OUTPUT
O.B.
DUMMY
96
142
9
777
777
789
TOTAL HORIZONTAL SCANNING = 525H
1
5 O.B. 484 ACTIVE PIXELS
9H
BLANK = 41H
484
484
5
VD
HORIZONTAL LINES
VIDEO OUTPUT
1
T.G (9H)
36H
NON-INTERLACE
INTERLACE
NEW VERSION
(TM-9701)
PREVIOUS IMAGE (EVEN) ODD (TM-9701) EVEN (TM-9701)
20H 20H 20H

12. Block Diagram
13. Signal Delay
11
CCD
CDS
AGC A/D
CCD DRIVER
TIMING
GEN
FIELD MEMORY 1 FIELD MEMORY 2
D/A
MEMORY
CONT
SIG
PROCESS
SYNC
GEN PLL ASYNC
CONT
RS-422
DIRVER
INTERLACE
NON-INTERLACE
8 BIT
DIGITAL VIDEO
RS170
ANALOG VIDEO
EXT. SYNC IN
VINIT IN
SHUTTER
CONTROL
INTEG
CONT
CDS
AGC A/D M
D/A VAMP
CCD
1N DOUT
5N 6N
VOUT
PIXEL CLOCK : 1N=69.84nsec
5N

14. Specification
Imager: 2/3” inch progressive scanning interline transfer CCD
Pixels 768 (H) x 484 (V)
Cell size 11.6 (H) x 13.6 (V) microns progressive scan
Imager size 8.9 (H) x 6.6 (V) mm
Chip size 9.9 (H) x 7.7 (V) mm
Dynamic range 60dB
Output sensitivity 10 µV/electron
Dark noise 40 electrons
Dark current < 1 nA/cm2
Quantum efficiency 25%, 20%, 12% (450, 550, 650 nm); TM-9701 only
Scanning: 525 lines, 30 Hz or 60 Hz 2:1 interlace
Clock 28.6363 MHz
Pixel clock 14.31818 MHz
Horizontal frequency 15.734 KHz
Vertical frequency 59.94 Hz
TV resolution: 570(H) x 484(V) lines, digital resolution: 768 x 484
Video output: 1.0V p-p composite video, 75Ωand 8-bit RS 422 output
S/N ratio: 50 dB min. (AGC OFF)
Minimum illumination: 1.0 lux (F=1.4) without IR cut filter
AGC: ON/OFF (OFF std.)
Gamma: 0.45 or 1.0 (1.0 std.)
Lens mount: C-mount
Power requirement: DC 12V, 500 mA
Weight: 330 grams (12oz.)
Operating temperature: -10 °C to +50 °C
Storage temperature: -30 °C to +60 °C
Operating humidity: Max. 70%
Storage humidity: Max. 90%
Vibration: 7 G (200Hz to 2000Hz)
Shock: 70 G
Dimensions: 44 mm x 48.5 mm x 136 mm
(1.73” x 1.90” x 5.35”)
12

Physical Dimensions
16. 30 Conductor Digital Cable Assembly
31 pin configurations 37 pin configurations
13
PULNiX
135
M3x0.5 (4x)
44
48 56
32
POWER VIDEO
1
16
SHUTTER
VIDEO OUT
17
31
NRM ASY INT NON
PROGRESSIVE SCAN
13
3/8"-16
1/4"-20
35.5 mm
44.0 mm 18.0 mm
10.2 mm
1
16
17
31
Pin Signal Cable
1 CLK+ OR 1RED
2 LDV+ GRY 1RED
3 FDV+ WHT 1RED
4 GND YLW 1RED
5 HD PINK1RED
6 INTEG OR 2RED
7 L PULSE GRY 2RED
8 D0+ WHT 2RED
9 D1+ YLW 2RED
10 D2+ PINK2RED
11 D3+ OR 3RED
12 D4+ GRY 3RED
13 D5+ WHT 3RED
14 D6+ YLW 3RED
15 D7+ PINK3RED
16 N/C
17 CLK- OR 1BLUE
18 LDV- GRY 1BLUE
19 FDV- WHT 1BLUE
20 VINIT YLW 1BLUE
21 VD PINK1BLUE
22 EN INTEG OR 2BLUE
23 GND GRY 2BLUE
24 D0- WHT 2BLUE
25 D1- YLW 2BLUE
26 D2- PINK2BLUE
27 D3- OR 3BLUE
28 D4- GRY 3BLUE
29 D5- WHT 3BLUE
30 D6- YLW 3BLUE
31 D7- PINK3BLUE
Pin Signal Cable
1 CLK+ OR 1RED
2 LDV+ GRY 1RED
3 FDV+ WHT 1RED
4 N/C
5 N/C
6 N/C
7 N/C
8 D0+ WHT 2RED
9 D1+ YLW 2RED
10 D2+ PINK 2RED
11 D3+ OR 3RED
12 D4+ GRY 3RED
13 D5+ WHT 3RED
14 D6+ YLW 3RED
15 D7+ PINK 3RED
16 GND YLW 1RED
17 VINIT YLW 1BLUE
18 EN INTEG OR 2BLUE
19 N/C
Pin Signal Cable
20 CLK- OR 1BLUE
21 LDV- GRY 1BLUE
22 FDV- WHT 1BLUE
23 GND GRY 2BLUE
24 N/C
25 N/C
26 N/C
27 D0- WHT 2BLUE
28 D1- YLW 2BLUE
29 D2- PINK 2BLUE
30 D3- OR 3BLUE
31 D4- GRY 3BLUE
32 D5- WHT 3BLUE
33 D6- YLW 3BLUE
34 D7- PINK 3BLUE
35 GND Shield SHIELD
36 N/C
37 INTEG OR 2RED
1
19
2037

NOTICE
The material contained in this manual consists of information that is proprietary to PULNiX America, Inc.,
and may only be used by the purchasers of this product. PULNiX America, Inc. makes no warranty for the
use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear or for damages
resulting from the use of the information contained herein. PULNiX America, Inc. reserves the right to
make changes without notice.
WARRANTY
All our solid state cameras have a full three year warranty. If any such product proves defective during this
warranty period, Pulnix America, Inc. will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or
will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. This warranty shall not apply to any
damage, defect or failure caused by improper use or inadequate maintenance and use.
Revised Printing: May 2002
Industrial Products Division
PULNiX America Inc. Tel: [phone]
1330 Orleans Drive Tel: [phone]
Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Fax: [phone]