Radio Shack TRS-80 Model-4 User manual

rladl8/hael(
© Copyright 1983 by Radio Shack,
A Division 01 Tandy Corporation

Contents
Start-Up"."".",.""."""."""""""" ..... _
TRSDOS
..... -
Commands and Utilities,,,,,,,.,,.,,.,. ~_
Error Messages, ,, .. ,,,,.,,,,.,,,.,,.,,,,,., ~_
BASIC
.... -
Statements and Functions, ,,,,,.,,.,, ..... _
Control Keys. ,,,,.,,, .. ,,,,.,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,, .... _
Operators,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,.,,.,,.,,,. ~
Edit Commands"",.""" ... ",.".".".~
Special Characters", , .. """"" ,." ,.,......-
Error Messages, ,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,.,,,. .... _
Internal Codes.,,,.,,,, ....... ,,,,.,,.,,,,,, ...... 111

Start-Up
Make sure all floppy disk drives are empty and all equip- IIII
ment is off.
1. Turn on all peripheral equipment (such as aprinter),
except the hard disk.
2. Hard disk users: Turn on the primary hard disk drive.
3. Turn on the computer.
4. Insert asystem diskette into Drive 0and close the
drive door. TRSDOS displays its start-up message.
5. TRSDOS prompts you for the date. Enter it in the
mm/dd/yy format.
6. The following system prompt will appear on your
screen:
TRSDOS Ready
Now, you can type in aTRSDOS command.
7. To start BASIC, type:
BASIC
(ENTER)
and you see the BASIC prompt:
Ready
represents avalue that you supply. Information within
brackets is optional.
Now, you can type
in aBASIC command.
This Quick Reference Guide is divided into
two sections:
TRSDOS and BASIC.
Information which is non-shaded (like this) pertains to:
•TRSDOS intermediate commands and utilities
•BASIC statements
Information which is shaded like
this pertains to:
•TRSDOS advanced commands and utilities
•BASIC functions
3

Commands and Utilities
Those parts of the command line that you must enter are
highlighted. Information that is upper-case should be
typed
in exactly as is. Information that is lower-case
represents avalue that you supply. Information within
brackets is optional.
APPEND
source [TO] destination [(ECHO.STRIP)]
Adds one disk file onto the end
of another.
ATTRIB
tile (USER = "password';OWNER = "password';
PROT = leveL VIS,lNV)
Changes the protection of afile. The level can be
EXEC, READ, UPDATE, WRITE, RENAME, REMOVE,
or FULL.
ATTRIB CUSTFILE/DAT: 1<USER='''',
OWNER=" BOSSMAN" ,PROT=READ ,\.'1 S)
ATTRIB [drive] (LOCK,UNLOCK,MPW="password",
NAME = "disk name", PW = ["password"])
Changes the protection of files on a drive.
ATTRIB : 1 (NAME="DATA" ,PW="SECRET",
MPW="BOSSMAN")
AUTO [drive, ?:drive, = :drive] [*] [command line]
Stores acommand line for automatic execution each
time TRSDOS starts up. (AUTO by itself deletes the
current AUTO command line.l
AUTO BASIC AUTO *DO INIT/JCL:l
BACKUP [fiIe]:source drive [TO] :destination drive
[(MPW="password';SYS,INV,MOD, QUERY= YES, OLD,
NEW, X, DATE = "date")]
Duplicates asystem or data diskette. (file can be a
partial name.)
BACKUP : Ql : 1
BACKUP (MOD, QUERY, MPW="SECRET")
BOOT [CCLEAR), (ENTER), ®]
Resets the system.
BOOT
BUILD tile [(HEX,APPEND)]
Creates
an input file for JCL, KSM, and other TRSDOS
commands.
BUILD MYPROGA/FIX:Ql
BUILD DISPLAY/BLD (HEX)
5
II

CONV [file]:source drive [:destination drive] [(VIS,
I!\IV, SYS, NEW, OLD,QUERY= NO,DIR)]
Converts files from aTRSDOS 1.3 (Modellill diskette
onto aTRSDOS Version 6formatted diskette.
<tile can
be apartial name.J
CONV :1 :0 (l.JIS.Q=NO)
COpy source [TOJ destination [(LRL= nnn,
CLONE =NO,ECHO,X)]
Copies data from one file or device to another.
COPY TEST/DAT TO :1
COpy *KI TO *PR (ECHO)
CREATE file [(LRL = number, REC = number,
SIZE = number)]
Creates afile and reserves space on the disk for future
use.
CREATE INVENT/DAT (SIZE=201
DATE [mrnJdcVyy]
Sets or displays the current date.
DATE 08/08/82 DATE
DEVXCE [(D = NO,B=YES,S= NO,P=YES)]
Displays the current status of each drive and the
options
in use.
DEVICE DEVICE (B=YES)
DIR [tile] [:drive] [(ALL.INV,MOD,NON,PRT, SYS, DATE,
DATE = "dale':SORT= NO)]
Lists the directory of adrive or file. <tile can be apartial
name.l
[)IR : 1 DIR (DATE=" 10/01/81-")
DO [5,=.*] file [((j:l>IabeLparm=value)] [;]
Compiles and executes aDO file.
DO DRIVE/JCL DO =DRIVE/JCL
6

FORMAT :drive (ABS,NAME = "disk name",
MPW="password", SDEN,DDEN, CYL= number,
QUERY = NO)
Formats ablank or old disk for use.
FORMAT
FORMAT: 1(NAME="DATA3".
MPW="SECRET")
FORMS [(DEFAULT.ADDLF,CHARS =number,FFHARD,
INDENT= number, LINES = number,
MARGIN = number, PAGE = number, QUERY, TAB,
XLATE =X'aabb')]
Sets up printer options.
FORMS (MARGIN=10.CHARS=80.INDENT=G)
FORMS/FLT
SET *PF [TO] FORMSfFLT
FILTER * PR * PF
Prepares the Printer Filter (*PFJ for use.
FREE [drive] [(PRT)]
Lists free space and number of files on each disk; if
drive is specified, displays space map of that disk.
FREE FREE:0 (PRT)
KSM/FLT
SET device KSMfFLT [USING] file
[(ENTER = value)]
FILTER *KI device
SET *DU KSM/FLT USING ROUTINE/KSM
FILTER *KI *DU
7

LIB
Displays library commands.
LIB
LIST file [(ASCII8.NUM,HEX,TAB = number, PRJ.
LINE = number, PEC = number, LRL = number)]
Lists contents of afile to the display or printer.
LIST TESTFILE:0
LIST MONITOR/CMD (PRTI
MEMDISKlDCT
SYSTEM (DRIVE = drive,DRIVER = "MEMDISK")
Adds to the system apseudo floppy drive which keeps
its files
in memory.
SYSTEM (DRII)E=2 ,DRII)ER="MEMDISK" I
PURGE [fiIe]:drive [(QUERY= NO, MPW= "password",
INV"WS, DATE = "date")]
Deletes files. (file can be apartial name.J
PURGE :0 (MPW="SECRET" I
PURGE
IBAS: 1 (Q=N)
REMOVE file [tile] ..
Deletes files from the directory.
REMOVE ALPHA/DAT:0 BREAKER/DAT:0
_____ 1111 '
Ii

REMOVE device [device] "
Removes devices from the device table.
REMO'.JE *LU
RENAME filel [TO] file2
RENAME
device 1 [TO] device2
Changes the name of afile or device.
RENAME TEXT/DAT:0 TO OLD/OAT
RENAME *UD TO *TX
REPAIR :drive
Updates system information on disks which were
formatted under Model ITRSDOS.
REPAIR :1
[RUN] [(X)] file [(command text)]
Loads and executes aprogram. command text
is
optional values the program may require.
RUN CONTROL/CMD CONTROL/CMD
SET device [TO] driver tile [(parameters)]
Assigns adriver prog adevice. parameters are
optional values the dri may require.
SET *SP TO SERI
SET phantom device [TO] filter file [USING]
[parameters]
Assigns afilter program
to aphantom device.
parameters are optional values the filter program may
require.
SET *LC
SETCOM [(DEFAULT, BAUD ~ number, WORD ~
number, STOP ~ number •. PARlTY ~ switch, QUERY,
BREAK ~ value, EVEN,ODD)]
Sets up RS·232C comrnunications or display status.
SETCOM (BAUD;300t140RD=8 ,STOP=1,
PARITY;OFFl

-_ ..... ". '
10

TAPE100
TAPE 100 tilel [TO] tile2 (READ,WRITE)
Reads aModel 100 cassette tape file and writes it to a
disk file,
or reads adisk file and writes it to cassette
tape
TAPE100 PRNTER TO PRINT/DAT:0 (READ)
TIME [hhmmss] [(CLOCK=YES/NO)]
Sets the time or displays current time.
TIME TIME 12:28:34
VERIFY [(switch)]
Sets VERIFY function on or off.
VERIFY (YES) VERIFY (NO)

Error Messages
--
Number Message Explanation!
Action
7Attempted to read Check for error
in
X'07' locked/deleted data program
record
6Attempted to read Check for error
in
I1II
X'06' system data record program
5Data record not
Try again; use
X'05' found during read another disk; refor-
mat old disk
13 Data record not
Try again; use
X'OD' found during write another disk
39
Device in use Reset device in use
X'27'
before REMOVEing it
8Device not available Check device specifi-
X'08'
cation; make sure
peripheral
is ready
30 Directory
full-can't Copy files to new
X'1E' extend file disk
17 Directory read error Try another drive or
X'11 'disk
18 Directory write error
Try another disk
X'12'
27 Disk space full Write file to adisk
X'1B' with more available
space
28 End of file Checkfor error in
X'1C'
encountered program
63
Extended error Error code
is in HL
register
25 File access denied Use correct pass-
X'19'
word; use no pass-
word for unprotected
file
41 File already open Use RESET to close
X'29'
the file
24 File not
in directory Check spelling of
X'18'
filespec
38 File not open Open file before
X'26'
access
20
GAT read error
Try another drive
X'14'
21
GAT write error
Try another drive or
X'15'
disk
22 HIT read error
Try another drive
X'16'
--
1~

23 HIT write error
Try another drive or
X'I?' disk
_.
3? Illegal access OWNER password is
X'25' attempted to pro- required for the
tected file requested access
32 Illegal drive number Drive is not
in system
X';?O' or not ready for
access
19 Illegal file name Use proper filespec
X'13'
syntax
-_ .. -
16 Illegal logical file Check for error
in
X'IO' number program
----
34 Loael file format error Attempt was made to
x':n' load anon-program
file
3Lost data during read Try another drive or
X'Ci3' disk
-_.-
11
Lost data during Try another drive or
XOB' write disk
42 LRL open fault COPY file to another
X':2A' fi Ie that has the spec-
ified LRL
33
No device space REMOVE non-
X'21 'available system devices to
provide more space
26 No clirectory space Use adifferent disk
X'IA' available or REMOVE
unwanted files
aNo error Check for error in
X'OO' program
__ 0-
1Parity error during Try another drive or
X'01 'header read disk
_..
9Parity error during
Try another drive or
X'09'
header write disk
-_.-
4Parity error during
Try another drive or
X'CJ4' read disk
12 Parity error during
Try another drive or •
X'ClC' write disk
--_.-
31 Program not found Check spelling
of
X'lF'
filespec; check for
proper disk
in drive
40 Protected system System devices can-
X'28' device not be REMOVEd
-_.-
29 Record number out Provide correct
X'lD' of range record number
or try
another copy of the
file
14

2Seek error during Set step rate with
X'02'
read SYSTEM command
or try another drive or
disk
10 Seek error during Set step rate with
X'OA' write SYSTEM command
or try another drive or
disk
Unknown error code Check for error
in
program
14 Write fault on disk
Try another disk or
X'OE' drive drive
15 Write protected disk Remove write-
X'OE' protect tab or write
enable disk using
SYSTEM command
1fi

BASIC Statements
and Functions
Terms:
integer:
Awhole number from -
32768 to 32767
string:
asequence
of characters which is to be taken
verbatim
dummy number or dummy string:
anumber
or string used in an expression to meet III
syntactic requirements, but whose value is
insignificant.
ATN (number)
Computes the arctangent of number, y"t"Ync> tl~" ,.1"11'"
in radians.
Y=ATN(X/3)
AUTO [line] [,incremen~
Automatically generates line numbers every time you
press
(ENTER), AUTO begins numbering at line and
displays the next line using increment.
AUTO AUTO 1 III IIIIII ,111l11l AUTO, 5
CALL address [parameter lis~
Transfers program control to an assembly-language
subroutine stored at address. The parameter list
contains the values to be passed to the external
subroutine.
y# CDBL(N*3)
17

CHAIN [MERGE] filespec [,line] [ALL] [,DELETE
line -line]
l_oads aBASIC program named filespec, chains it to a
'main" program, and begins running
it. The line is the
first line to be run in the CHAINed program. The ALL
option passes every variable
in the main program to
the CHAINed program. The MERGE option "overlays"
the lines of filespec with the main program. The
DELETE option erases lines
in the overlay so that you
can MERGE
in a new overlay.
CLEAR [,memory location] [,stack space]
Clears the value of aI/ variables and closes aI/ open
files. Optional/y, it also sets the highest memory
location for BASIC and the amount of stack space.
CLEAR CLEAR, 75 CLEAR, 81000,200
CL,OSE buffer ..
Closes access to afile. The buffer number (the same
used to OPEN the file) may be from 1to
15.
CLOSE 1, 2, 8
CLOSE FIRST% + COUNT%
CLS
Clears the screen.
CLS
COMMON variable, ..
Passes one or more variables to aCHAINed program.
100 COMMON A, 5, C, D( ) t G$
110 CHAIN "PROG3" t10
CONT
~lesumes execution of aprogram when it has been
stopped by the
(flREAKI key or by aSTOP or an END
statement
in the program.
CONT
18

DATA constanl,..,
Stores numeric and string constants to be accessed
by aREAD statement.
1340 DATA NEW YORK. CHICAGO. LOS
ANGELES. PHILADELPHIA. DETROIT
1350 DATA 2.72. 3.14158. 0.0174533.
57.28578
DATE$
Returns today's date,
PRINT DATE$
DEFDBL/INT/SNG/STR
DEFDBL letter ....
DEFINT letter ••••
DEFSNG letter ....
DEFSTR letter ••••
Defines any variables beginning with the letler(s) as:
mSLl double precision, C1NTl integer, (SNGl single
precision,
or (STRl string,
10 DEFDBL L-P 10 DEFINT I-N. W. Z
10 DEFSNG I. Q-T 10 DEFSTR A
DEF FN function name [(argument",)] = function
definition
Defines function name according to function
definition, The argument represents those variables in
the function definition that are to be replaced when the
function is called,
DEF FNR=RND(80)+8
DEFUSR [digit] = address
Defines the starting address for digit assembly-
language subroutines.
DEFUSR3 = ~,H7D00
DEFUSR = (BASE + 18)
DELETE line] - ]ine2
Deletes from line1to line2 of aprogram in memory.
DELETE 70 DELETE 50-110 DELETE
DIM array (dimension(s)), array (dimension(s))""
Sets aside storage for the arrays with the dimensions
you specify,
DIM AR(100) DIM Ll%(8.25)
19

EDIT line
Enters the edit mode so that you can edit line.
EDIT 112l12l EDIT
END
Ends execution of aprogram.
END
15412l
ERASE array, ...
Erases one or more arrays from aprogram.
ERASE e,F
ERL
Returns the line numberin which an error has
occurred.
PRINT ERL.
ERR
(if an error has occurred>.
101210 ELSE Z0012l
message.
Tr.,cnil-'c ERROR IS
ERROR code
Simulates the error associated with code during
program execution.
ERROR 1
FIELD buffer, length AS field name, ...
Divides adirect-access buffer into one or more fields.
Each field is identified by the field name and is the
length you specify.
FIEL.D 3. 128 AS A$, 128 AS 5$
20

FOR/NEXT
FOR variable = initial value TO tinal value [STEP
incremen~
Establishes aprogram loop.
20 FOR H=1 TO 2 STEP -2
FRE(dummy number)
Returns the amount of free memory $Pace.
PR I NT FRE (llll)
FRE( dummy string)
Returns the amount of free string space.
PRINT FRE("1I4")
GET butter [,record number]
Gets arecord from adirect disk file and places it in a
buffer.
GET 1 GET 1, 25
GOSUB line
Goes to asubroutine, beginning at the specified line.
GOSUB 1000
GOTO line
Goes to the specified line.
GOTO 100
HEX$ (number)
Calculates the hexadecimal value of number.
PRINT HE){$(30) tHE){$(50) t
IF ... THEN ... ELSE
IF expression THEN statement(s) or line ELSE
[statement(s)] or [line]
Tests aconditional expression and makes adecision
regarding program flow.
IF ){ >127 THEN PRINT "OUT OF
RANGE" : END
IF A<B THEN PRINT "A < B" ELSE
PRINT "B A"
INKEY$
INP(porf)
Returns the byte
integer from ato
100 A=INP(2
21

IN'PUT$ (number [,buffer])
Inputs astring of number characters from either the
keyboard or asequential disk file. The number must be
avalue from 1to 255.
A$ = INPUT$(S) A$ = INPUT$(11,3)
IN:PUT [''prompt string",'] variablel, variable2" ..
Inputs data to aprogram during execution.
INPUT Y'X,
INPUT# buffer, variable, ...
Iinputs data from asequential disk file into one or more "...
variables.
INPUT;;l, A, 5 INPUT#L!, A$, 5$, C$
IN~~~~~~j~~~~~~i~:~:fr~{o~;~~7r~~~~:eOf string2in string 1
ich the match is found.
KILL filespec from the disk.
KILL "FILE/5AS" KILL "DATA:2"
LET variable =expression
Assigns the value of expression to variable.
LET A$ "A ROSE IS AROSE"
LET
51 = 1.23
LINE INPUT[.] [prompt message;] string variable
Inputs aline from the keyboard.
LINE INPUT A$
LINE INPUT# buffer, variable
Reads aline of data from asequential-access file into
astring variable. The
buffer is the number used when
the file was OPENed.
LINE INPUT# 1, A$
22

LIST [startline] - [endline]
Lists program lines to the display.
LIST 50 LIST 50-85 LIST 227
LLIST [startline] - [endline]
Lists program lines to the line printer.
LLIST 780 LLIST 50- LLIST.-
LOAD filespec [,R]
Loads fitespec, aBASIC program, into memory. If Ris
used, the program is RUN automatically.
LOAD ·PROG1/BAS:2·
LOAD ·PROG1/BAS·
LPRINT data".
Prints data at the printer.
LPRINT (A * 2)/3
LPRINT USING formal; data,
Prints data at line printer, using aspecified format.
LPRINT USING •••••••• ; 2.17
LSET field name = data
Sets data in adirect-access buffer field name. The
data is left-justified.
LSET NM$ = ·JIM CRICKET, JR.·
MEM
Returns the amount of memory.
PRINT MEM
23